How It's Made: Multilayer PCB Manufacturing Insight

[@turibinosanches4692]

The cleanliness and order of Chinese factories is wonderful.

[@NagarajanVenkataraman-q7i]

What is surprising is the considerable amount of manual handling required in the whole process!

[@YouCanHasAccount]

This factory probably make small batch runs with high degree of customisability and options for the customer. Cheaper high-volume production is much more automated.

[@brunonikodemski2420]

As per previous commentator, these are boards made for low-end products, such as appliances, tools, home widgets, and similar. These are not the plants for Iphones or similar. Those factories require much higher caliber equipment. This is basically a plant modeled after 1970s-to-1990s USA equipment, but with better production handling. We used to do this, but was much slower.

[@JohnDrabik]

Cool video, similar to equipment I encountered 30 years ago but much larger scale. One thing that isn't clear is how they handle plated-through holes, and "buried vias" between layers. The plating process section of the video was a bit disappointing for that reason. The testing robots were fun to watch!

[@lennyvalentin6485]

A curious blend of highly automated sections mixed with janky-looking manual handling in durty industrial environments. Also, way more production steps than I personally expected - I clearly need to give the humble PCB (and the people that make them!) a lot more credit from now on. :D

[@peterfireflylund]

@@lennyvalentin6485I’d say it was remarkably clean. Some people didn’t use their masks or bunny suits right. The mask should cover the nose and the bunny suit should cover all the hair… and arms.

[@kellyeye7224]

Fascinating process but would be far more enjoyable and educational if each process had some textual information on what was happening.

[@RelativeLYIMpatient]

There are some of you press the "CC" button but its not alot 😢

[@kellyeye7224]

@@RelativeLYIMpatient I did used the captions but they weren't even in sync with the images!

[@ucreatepcb]

Thanks for your advice。We will improve that😀

[@SwapPartLLC]

At least there's no annoying music.

[@aspinx]

I wonder how many people watching this video actually understand all steps of the process.

[@davebennett6433]

I does

[@ВасилийКоровин-г9э]

Elementary, my dear Watson: this thing moved there... then here... then... Why did it turn blue? Then there... then some magic... then... how did we get a PCB, Watson??? WTF just happened?

[@philipsmaniac]

I worked for 8 years in a PCB factory in Hungary. It's went bankrupt 10 years ago. Now I understand why.

[@aspinx]

@@philipsmaniac You think it closed because it moved "there" or because this one is better?

[@stuartsmith1844]

I do...

[@frantisekjanecek1641]

This is magic. Imagine how you would explain this to Volta, who helped start all this things.

[@runarunkumar5173]

Great, how much sofisticated, large scale automation. Devoted silent workers. That's why China is on top. Bravo.

[@ucreatepcb]

thanks friend，we will go on working hard!!

[@recklesswhisper]

...yes, and at 25 cents per hour, they're just glad to have a job. Circuit board manufacture is a chemically dangerous job. Been there! ^..^~~

[@andrewgarley1400]

I used to make controller computers in the UK for the machine's CNC drilling and routing. I never got to see the product in use, though.

[@MichiganPeatMoss]

7:47 "conductive vias" = "plated-through holes" I'm guessing.

[@Cnlinko-connector]

The quality seems good!

[@rkgaustin]

The company that makes yellow tape has got to be the most profitable in all of China. They use that stuff in the making and or packaging of every single product!

[@AhmedHan]

A ton of critical information is cut-out from the video. Like, how do you align all layers? Why do you apply solder mask to the entire surface and how do you remove it from pads later? How did you do vias and their inner plating?

[@PSRao_1712]

It is not possible to show everything in such videos..

[@AhmedHan]

@@PSRao_1712 The problem is not "not being able to show everything". They precisely cut out the "commercial secret" stuff. And that makes this video a little bit of click bait.

[@TB-jl9fr]

You can sort a coat the pads, so the mask wont stick to it and get washed off later. Vias and inner plating is pretty easy. You aplly the via, the thickening is done in a galvanic copper bath.

[@martinb.770]

Aligning is done just like with printing on paper (different colors applied in different steps), by adding certain patterns (like crosses + inverse) that have to match (adjusted by humans or image recognition), sometimes visible around the mounting holes. Vias - interesting question. At 8:45 it is mentioned, that "holes are metallized for generating conducting paths" (I think, visible at 9:29), which works for adjacent layers. For connecting distant layers, I guess, it'll be either rivets or holes, that get soldered through, later on. On many boards you can see such sub-mm holes.

[@egemenka1]

Solder mask is not applied to the entire surface. It's transferred via a silk screen, so only the required areas are painted. Much like offset printing.

[@paisfr]

Usine fantastique 😊⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐👍🌹💐🌹💐🌹⚡🙏

[@soundcheck6885]

So they don't test the boards for connectivity before they ship them?

[@effedrien]

They showed both electrical and optical inspection in the video

[@DigitalWorldBG]

Does anyone know if the prepreg in standard FR4 boards can be used as a dielectric layer in metal PCBs?

[@richardkunicki4931]

The answer is yes. With out copper the board is called G10.

[@ahmedsalah4508]

Good 👍 ❤❤❤❤❤

[@titusphilip1310441]

this documentary is for people who knows the process of making pcb. many years ago I worked in company making single layer PCB. during those times multi layer PCB don't exist.

[@ucreatepcb]

Yes, Multi-layer circuit boards will be more complex than single-layer and double-layer, we specialize in high-density and difficult circuit boards. 😀

[@cbartley100]

In the late 70's I was working for Ferranti (UK computer company) and the boards then were 16 layer. I was writing ECN's for field fixes, some the instructions involved getting down to sub board layers and cutting tracks by hand, of course component density was much less, but even so it seems like madness now looking back

[@lennyvalentin6485]

@@cbartley100 Big-iron mainframes and supercomputers back in the day could have some serious PCBs, but of course those were highly specialized and horrifically expensive. My 1980s humble 16/32-bit home computer had a two-layer mainboard, and all the components were solder-through, no surface mounting at all...

[@JohnDrabik]

I started decades ago with phenolic single layer PCBs, quickly got to two-sided (2 layer) fiberglass boards, hand-drilled (lots of broken carbide bits!), with eyelets instead of plated holes, and even some three-layer designs using similar techniques. The fun wore off very quickly! As touchy as fabricating them was, the real pain (pre-CAD!) was board layout, at 2:1 or 4:1, on light tables with "donuts" and black tape. Sounds like maybe you started a few years before me though!

[@VegasCyclingFreak]

That was very fascinating!

[@АлександрГригорьев-н9з]

Спасибо за видео Аркадий

[@gustavinus]

More human intervention than I expected

[@JohnDrabik]

Single layer and two layer boards are well automated (and have been for many decades). If you look at the video carefully, you'll see they use more people when assembling boards with more than 2 layers (you can see this by noting the highly flexible thin layers applied sequentially). In order to avoid high failure rates and scrap, multilayer boards require a LOT more care, alignment, and testing. If you have buried vias (connections between internal layers (and hence, not directly visible) and ever-narrower trace widths and clearances, layer-to-layer registration becomes more difficult and more expensive, and the cost of automating that quickly grows. These are not stupid people. At some point, the CBA (cost-benefit-analysis) probably indicated that they could get better results for high-density boards, at lower cost, by having people involved. All that said, I wish the video had shown how they handle through-plated holes, especially buried vias.

[@gustavinus]

@@JohnDrabik interesting...

[@blessedwarrior1]

Nice. I am wondering how much will it cost for a 100x100mm 2 layer 1.6mm thick pcb with green coating. Hasl Lead free.

[@JohnDrabik]

Several sites have simple calculators and pricing estimates. That's a small board, and with only 2 layers it is likely very cheap even with today's inflation.

[@andymouse]

$2 JLCPCB.

[@ruudvantichelt9586]

very nice video but why that annoying music on the background

[@janosnagyj.9540]

To test your patience and mute button functionality

[@ddt9071]

а мне наоборот музыка очень понравилась

[@clearlisted]

life is suffering

[@AhmedRaza-he9tg]

Chaina SE koi mukabla nhi Kar sakh ta bilkul ❤👍🏻

[@jatinkumarmistry1350]

oh !!! my god how meany time posse & veryus machinery work & manpower time use very nice this video maker & this project director & staff good works this PCB Manufacturing Insight i selud this work i have print on screen printing pc in mfg unit my city Navsari, Gujarat, India,

[@DimasFajar-ns4vb]

android smartphone is amazing good job sir

[@udance4ever]

curious how they decide how the *same* process is automated @9:44 vs @12:14 manual

[@peterfireflylund]

Greasy fingerprints are probably more of a problem with the former process (raw, freshly etched copper) than the latter (silk screen).

[@udance4ever]

@peterfireflylund ah interesting - never occured to me to factor in the cost of introducing defects in determining robot vs human labor

[@walterrumohr7090]

Don’t underestimate people that are curious watching this video cause they are technically inclined.

[@David-vd6xd]

@15:34 If you over bake. Penalty is $200 each

[@DaveSmith-cp5kj]

lol that's what that sign says? That's crazy considering Chinese worker salary isn't that high to begin with.

[@taoyao4834]

@@DaveSmith-cp5kj 应该是200人民币,按照常规,工人工资应该在6-8k左右,而且罚款的是奖金之类的,

Interesting part is that you can rent tiny, tiny part of such factory for just a few bucks.

[@JohnDrabik]

Highly unlikely. Unless you were referring to putting a vending machine in the cafeteria.

@JohnDrabik lol, no you can order as few as 5 pcbs and they will fabricate it, so it's like renting such factory's tiny piece

[@electronicsocietyofindia]

v good

[@p8k518]

WHO DESIGNED THE MACHINES?

[@janosnagyj.9540]

GOD himself, of course. Who else would be able to do such a great job?

[@Andrew_Fernie]

@@janosnagyj.9540 And on the 8th day...

[@DaveSmith-cp5kj]

@@janosnagyj.9540 Indeed, it even says it in the Bible. Thou shall not buy sketchy Chinese components before running through the chip tester, lest you receive solid resin blocks with leads sticking out the sides. And verily I say, after soldering such components to one's PCB, there will be a great wailing and gnashing of the teeth as one tries to troubleshoot.

[@allancopland1768]

The clue is usually on the front panel. and I don't see god mentioned on any of them.

[@peterfireflylund]

They are probably Chinese straight up copies of western and Japanese machines.

[@welissonsantos5502]

How can I get in touch with an engineer to create a device for my company?

[@JohnDrabik]

There are electrical engineering contract houses in most major cities. There are also freelance designers (check references, or start them out with small projects and check their results carefully). You might just web search for "freelance PCB designer near me". A good one should be able to give you a timeframe and cost estimate up-front, and the truly honest ones will tell you right away if your device is near the limits of their abilities. With a reasonable laptop and open source CAD software such as Kicad, designing PCBs today is waaaay easier than when I started! And the resulting "Gerber" files can be sent to numerous PCB fabricators (such as shown in the video). Watch any tech video on youtube - chances are they'll have an occasional plug for a PCB vendor, but your chosen designer will probably know of several more.

[@welissonsantos5502]

@@JohnDrabik I would like someone to contact me directly because I am tired of looking but I really need it.

[@manishmandal-78]

From the video I understood only what I know - how single side or double sided PCBs are made. I didn't understand how multilayer PCBs are made

[@Omega-Electronic1999]

Made inside and stack outside

[@PSRao_1712]

Each PCB is patterned & joined using prepreg, as shown. Alignment is important.

[@titusphilip1310441]

they joined many layers of circuit using vacuum and temperature so that only components mounted on top and bottom. circuits are hidden in the layers.

[@kaihorstmann2783]

The multi-layer stuff happens between 04:00 until around 06:22 where they put prepreg and finally the outer copper layer under and over the preciously etched inner core. The whole stack ins being put into the oven/press to be glued together. After that drilling for through-holes and vias. Masking and etching, then further copper deposit to bring the outer copper layer to thickness, and at the same time plate the vias

[@petenikolic5244]

@@PSRao_1712 Nothing at all shown about how the multiple layers are interconnected nothing on thru plating the bits shown are common knowldge the REAL interesting parts were left out

[@LarryRobinsonintothefog]

Have soldered on on them for years but never seen how they were made.

[@glt-m2l]

how many layers is possible.. 50 layers on a motherboard? thats so compact

[@TB-jl9fr]

You are only limited to dielectric strength and stabilty of the whole board.

[@ucreatepcb]

50 layers also no problem. we can produce up to 60 layers PCB.

[@trvsp5627]

There is a cute frog at 16:45 🥰

[@k3ggaming926]

Im a flux machine operator way back 2001 in itabashi philippines

[@craighyattusa]

I bet the red PCBs were for Sparkfun 😋

[@JohnDrabik]

I'm not associated with Sparkfun in any way, but I've had PCBs made with different colors including red. Why should they get all the fun?

[@vannsuok6249]

❤❤❤❤

[@dotsondotson]

No music please. 😢

[@janosnagyj.9540]

Mute is your best friend in these dire situation.

[@geliangzhu9146]

刚看了嘉立创的，他们的生产线自动化程度比这个高。

[@user-ve3gh5xg9q]

WoW😱

[@ДинмухаммедОмаров-д9й]

👍👍👍👍👍🔥🔥🔥🔥100 %

[@diarigim9679]

with 7 layer head tattoo ..😂😎

[@ciprianpopa1503]

Hope you all did get how it's done, cause I'm on my way of doing it now that I know.

[@JohnDrabik]

There's a lot more to it than is shown in the video. But good luck!

[@willibaldkothgassner4383]

Please no music, but otherwise excellent and thank you very much!

[@ucreatepcb]

thanks for your advice, friend. You are smart, we will improve

[@MardonAdakhamov-m9i]

👌👌👌👍👍👍

[@glt-m2l]

you need the designs first for each layer.. this is a lengthy process for both design and production

[@JohnDrabik]

Not nearly as difficult as it used to be. Auto-router software has improved immensely over the past decade, and open source packages like Kicad or Fritzing can generate quite good results.

[@davidharrison991]

Great Britain had one these factories it closed due to cut price Chinese workers and a company called muse hicks and tait

[@janosnagyj.9540]

Ask your managers and CEOs if it was a good idea in the 70s and 80s to outsource everything to the far east...

[@mariabengtssonviking]

The workers salary has nothing to do with outsourcing production of ANY product, that is what they are telling you, and unfortunately you have believed that. F.ex when they produce a new car, the costs of salary/wages are totally about 5% of sales prices..... They have been playing us all for a long time and only we, together can make a difference and change it. I'm a Capitalist, but not a corrupt one...

[@JohnDrabik]

Yeah but they outlawed the death penalty for MBAs (Mostly Brainless Academics - feel free to choose another word that starts with A) that thought it was a good idea to ship all of their company's technical skills and needs to hostile foreign countries just to make a few more bucks in the short term.

[@Roundedlime806]

I love how the material goes from being treated like a baby from people in fully covered lab suits to a dirty man throwing it around.

[@JohnDrabik]

It's relatively dirty work, frankly. Chemicals, drill dust, silk screen "paint", cleanup materials. If you see somebody in a ball gown claiming to be fabricating PCBs you're probably watching an AI fake. Early stages require more care and cleanliness, but once the patterns are down and etched, and the board is ready for cut-out, don't give the guy a hard time.

[@spx2327]

The music in the background is soooo annoying

[@SulaimanFahad-tp1jp]

صحضحضحضحضحضحضحضضحضحضححضجضجضجضجضجضجضجضجضججضضجضجضضجضضضحضحضضشحششحشحشحشحشحشحشحششحشحشحشحشحشششحشحشحشححشحشحشحشحشحشحشحشحشحشحشحشحشحششحشحششححضشححشحشحشحشحشحششحشحشحشحشحشحششحشححشحضح

[@SulaimanFahad-tp1jp]

صحضحضحضجضجضحضجضجضجججضضججضجضجضجضجضض٠

[@SulaimanFahad-tp1jp]

صحضحضحضجضجضحضجضجضجججضضججضجضجضجضجضض٠

[@SulaimanFahad-tp1jp]

صحضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضححضحضحضححضحشجشجشجشجشجشجشجشج

[@SulaimanFahad-tp1jp]

ضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضضححضحضحضحضحضضحضحضححضضحضحضحضحضحضحضحضححضحضحضح

[@jbird4478]

Okay... so the video's titled "how it's made" and "insight" and offers absolutely no explanation or insight. The video might be great, but that title is misleading a.f. and draws the wrong audience.

[@dollar_general_jesus4413]

Turn on the subtitles.

[@Sirhcdraw100]

Hit the little CC in the box beside the gear for more insight

[@GregoryHunt-w8g]

The video is self explanatory. If you don’t understand this, you would not understand explanation either

[@jbird4478]

@@GregoryHunt-w8g Yes, of course. Because just by seeing metal sheets go into a bunch of non-descript machines, you immediately understand that there must be photolithography going on inside. After all, it's not like people who don't know how this works would watch a video promising to explain it.

[@Stance1988]

UhhuWaaaaaahhh

[@diarigim9679]

watch worker blood pressure and some chicken make fun on it, PCB work .... 😂😎

[@MrPLC999]

Interesting but no explanation. They could be making floor tiles...

[@JohnDrabik]

That'd be a cool way to recycle failed boards! Grout the holes to keep junk out. You could wind up making some interesting floors!

[@UCt6PXDm-iFNvvc6t5r1YCgQ]

PCB manufacturing is not a high-tech technology, but in China, PCB intelligence can reduce the cost to the lowest level.

[@venerandarain3]

Investor feed whole chinese Factories. imagine if they traits them 😅. waiting when chinese says to investor : " we dont need you anymore, we are big already , thanks for all your investment " 😂😂😂

[@Danroku78]

The reason why i'm in a some of lost some steps is because isn't that the same circuit board Being in the process

[@Snack.Dragon]

This tech must be taught for pupil.

[@clearlisted]

but what about the iris

[@aguilacalva2625]

👍👏

[@martinmartinmartin2996]

China is on top because : it has design ingenuity + HUMAN workforce that can operate machine-like 8 hrs, 3 shifts/day . Without HUMAN effort the design inigenuity 1/2 is MEANINGLESS .

[@JonathanGarcia-pr9eo]

forget about how automated this process is, I am so amazed how many people are involved in the design of the circuit board making machine: R&D, electronics, schematics, mechanisms and number of days it took technicians to get this machine going. Well notwithstanding the advancement in technology why China is using junk parts to make product fail so fast and obsolescence is eminent. It is outright deceptions. What a shame.

[@ironbowtie]

All that noise and no one was wearing hearing protection. I don't think I saw eye protection either.

[@janosnagyj.9540]

WHAT DID YOU JUST SAY? AND WHERE ARE YOU, I CAN'T SEE YOU EITHER.

[@MisterForty7]

даже тут без молотка не обошлись)

[@nimaahmadi-s7o]

All those people make $5 a day GUARANTEED

[@paulchamberlain8636]

It would have been nice to have narration.

[@AutomatedIndustrialProduction]

i love you

[@mahendragadhavi6811]

See how they got automation in every field ,and our people as well as our politicians engaged in YATRA, TEMPLES, HINDU , MUSLIMS, We never Compition WORLD.

[@UdayKumar-xo8ey]

Masjid ka name lene mein phat gayi kya?????

[@thomascrum185]

I did not see anyone wearing respirators and that is concerning

[@louismessere6379]

Why?

[@rkgaustin]

Working in the clean room is the job to have. Probably your only chance to breathe clean air in China.

[@timoblubb]

very manual

[@algator3850]

PCB WAY

[@MohammedElobaid-kj7vb]

***********************************************

[@denizenaru]

Not really what I was expecting from a "how its made" video. Its more clips stitched together. People who watch how its made videos obviously want to know How its made not just see short clips without anything information of whats going on.

[@purnamaalfendi1664]

Muhammad= perkenalkan waktu 1 !

[@CrestRising]

How it's made?, cut this, glue that, don't forget there's brown and blue, put some holes in it , mask and expose it when yer back is turned, a quick wash and yer ready for bed.

[@LOVELOVE-rp9cn]

人類有多聰明？

[@physiqueDrummond]

short detected @3:30

[@kintushaami4404]

iam just watching but understanding nonthing

[@UdayKumar-xo8ey]

Some idiots here think that only china makes such pcbs...... Lol.... Same pc s are made in UP factory for many mobiles and ifb apliances. Keltron and drso has their own multi layer pcb manufacturing..... And hey check japnese multi layer pcbs...... They make 9 layer flexible pcbs...... If u wanna seee one just open any sony mobile

[@ChildMonica-b1z]

Lee Steven Perez Sarah Hall Linda

[@Big74Mike2012]

What Disney movie did they steal the background music from??! 😖😖😖 Most annoying............. thing.............. EVER!!!!!

[@jozsiolah1435]

You can freely add more power to the processors, video card and chipset. Enable the performance mode for everyone around the world. You can disable the overheating, fan overspeed because an old law took effect, that doesn’t require the heat monitoring. The law is cruel, and since 2 years it works: make sure homotics, that’s covid thank you. Helicopter and fighter jet pilots make their own decision, the pcb is excluded from the decision making. That is because the automatic decisions can easily be tricked, when they came to effect, they were already programmed to be misleading.

[@srinivasanchakravarthy60]

Without explaining is useless. A prone movie would been better.

[@muhammadsayed4314]

I thought so at first, but then I realised I can pay attention to what's going on, without the distraction of a narrator. It's useful, but only if you've already read about the process or saw the quick explanation videos.

[@ferntom6092]

Useless without any commentary

[@tamjarvie6021]

😢an English commentary would be good instead of garbage music !

[@pepebiondi5962]

me aburri.

[@challenger2023]

The whole video sucks

[@janosnagyj.9540]

it is part of the technology

[@clearlisted]

so after 10 minutes of thinking this video sucks, you watched another 10 min?

[@ironwheal]

that's quite a lot of primitive manual operations, and overall looks like many corners were cut. not good.

[@swagger9966]

大批量生产和制造领域，中国🇨🇳是无敌的！

[@diablo34739]

이상하다 중국은 유튜브가 금지된 나라인데 왜 유튜브에 중국영상이 올라오는걸까?

[@江仪]

There are always more methods than difficulties. Open your eyes and see the world

[@AccidentalScience]

It is banned for all but for selected people for promotion/PR purposes since this is in line with the CCP mercantilist goals.

[@sing023]

@@AccidentalScience 如果你认为是这样的，那你就错了

[@Duty_to_Warn]

You have missed out the part where Chinese PCB companies copy your prototype PCB and sell it to Chinese manufacturers 🥸