How Korea Defended against the Mongols - Medieval History

The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continues with a video explaining how Korea defended against the Mongols. In our previous episodes we discussed the European defence against the Mongol invasions ( • How the Europeans foug... ) and how the Mamluks ( • How the Mamluks Defend... ), Ruthenians ( • How the Ruthenians def... ), Indians ( • How India Defended Aga... ), Chinese ( • How the Chinese Defend... ), Japanese ( • How the Samurai Defend... ), Indonesians ( • How Indonesians Defend... ) and Vietnamese( • How Vietnam Defended A... ) defended against them.
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The video was made by Galang Pinandita, while the script was developed by Jack Wilson - The Jackmeister. Check out his channel dedicated to the history of the Mongols: / @thejackmeistermongolh... . This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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#Documentary #Mongols #Korea

[@KingsandGenerals]

🎥 Join our KZbin members and patrons to unlock exclusive content! Our community is currently enjoying deep dives into the First Punic War, Pacific War, history of Prussia, Italian Unification Wars, Russo-Japanese War, Albigensian Crusade, and Xenophon’s Anabasis. Become a part of this exclusive circle: kzbin.info/door/MmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fwjoin or patron: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals and Paypal www.paypal.com/paypalme/kingsandgenerals as well!

[@aboubakrouladabdellah6611]

good vidio

[@marcuslouvierF1]

Hello kings and generals, I enjoy your videos and have been watching for many years. I have a question. Will these patroon videos be available on KZbin one day?

[@KingsandGenerals]

@@marcuslouvierF1 not sure

[@sezarnhakksezarafatihinhak5475]

Tatar Khaganate was Turkic .It is referred to as the Turco-Mongol in the literature,but this is a mistake. In addition to historical records, DNA studies also proved that Genghis Khan was Turkic.Genghis Khan's Y-haplogroup R1b lol

[@luongo7886]

In your next video series about the Korean resistance against the Mongols, please mention the IMPORTANT contribution of the Great VIETNAMESE General Lý Long Tường who led the Koreans to FULL VICTORY against the Mongols TWICE!!! He DEFEATED the Mongols and forced them to SURRENDER TWICE!! Thank you.

[@shitardedgod4828]

Just one thing. The capital city of Goryeo was Kaeseong, not Hanseong. Hanseong was just the third largest city in Korea back then.

[@bkjeong4302]

Though Hanseong had been a capital previously (and then would become the capital again under the Joseon Dynasty and afterwards)

[@user-no2cu7ti2t]

아 그러네 ㅋㅋㅋ 저때는 개성이 수도였지

[@We_are_Koreans]

개경(Gaegyeong)이였죠. 개성이 아니라.

[@shitardedgod4828]

@@We_are_Koreans 정식 명칭이 개경 개성부, 남경 한성부라 한성에 맞춰서 개성이라고 하는게 더 맞는 표현 같네요.

[@trevorthai1685]

Hanseong was also the former capital of the previous Kingdom of Baekje (one of the larger three kingdoms of Korea) and later became the capital of the Kingdom of Joseon too.

[@hulagu3068]

Hopefully you'll cover the Goguryeo Sui war and the khitan invasions in the future.

[@bkjeong4302]

The Goguryeo-Sui War; aka when China assembled an army so large it had no way to feed it and over half the army died of starvation and disease while invading Korea before the rest were wiped out on the retreat. It was bad enough the Sui Dynasty collapsed because of this failed invasion, because the country couldn’t sustain the war effort (though Goguryeo also suffered severely as a result of the scorched-earth policy they enacted to starve out the Sui).

[@user-vi4px6ob7o]

Goryeo-khitan war is crazy too, Yang Gyu and Gang Gamchan are legendary

[@WorldWithoutApples]

The fact that Goryeo wasn't turned into a Mongol dynasty like the Yuan Dynasty and preserved its cultural autonomy was a small victory in and of itself.

[@helloareyouthere]

핏줄이 같아서 그냥 놔둔거임. 고구려 후예 몽고가 신라 후예 고려를 그냥 완전히 지우지 않은 거임. 굴종만 시킨 거고.

[@istanbulmehmet9298]

Mongolians are a people who do not want to change the language, culture and religion of other nations. that's why the people of that country always give up. I think Mongols never wanted Korea to become Mongol.

[@user-mh7wd7lg5c]

​​​@@helloareyouthere 몽골이 왜 고구려 후예임;; 고구려가 그 지역까지 정복한 적도 없고 오히려 그쪽 애들이 이주해서 만주 지역으로 왔다는 게 더 개연성 있겠구만 이렇게 말하는 한국인이 있으니까 몽골 애들이 한국 혐오하는 글 올리고 다니지;;

[@user-bk9ej8cn3f]

@@helloareyouthere토왜가 또 발악을하네ㅋㅋㅋㅋ

[@kgk1255]

​@@helloareyouthere 넌 확실히 중국인인듯

[@makariusshin2163]

Korean here. Thank you so much for uploading this video! I was waiting for it:) I have to say, even for us Won-Jong 원종 recognizing Kublai as the Khan is a great luck/miracle we had after long years of war

[@tonyagos1172]

I'm starting to learn history about the country of South Korea 🇰🇷

[@FelizTheLifeguardMinion3]

🇺🇸❤🇰🇷 😊

[@BB4liffe]

From Mongolia with LOVE to our Korean brothers and sisters. We are all ONE. Cheers.

[@matts3425]

Koreans show great resilience through out their historic wars. Truly sad to see what has become of South Korea. I hope their standards of living and lack of freedoms improves as soon as possible. Sad to think of how their people are treated in the modern day. Then again China still has forced labor and concentration camps, so I guess S Korea is doing well when compared to China.

[@Beefmongering]

​@@matts3425you mean North Korea?

[@Righthand_]

I am glad we are able to watch these high quality videos for free. Shout out to these creators.

[@mohitgoyal15]

No one would pay to watch this

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

“If you can’t beat ‘em, join them.” This was pretty much the mentality of both sides of the Mongol-Goryeo War, even though the Mongols technically “won.” Goryeo was one of the very few instances in history where the Mongols could not secure absolute domination and therefore had to sign a peace treaty. Generally this was how it usually went: The Mongols approach a city and sends a messenger with demands that the city surrender. If the city does not surrender, the Mongols swoop in with its massive hordes and pillage, rape, and burn to their hearts content. The Mongols gather the heads of their victims and display it for the next city. Pretty straightforward, albeit gruesome, tactic. It worked…MOST of the time. There was only a few places in the world where this did not work, one of which was Korea. Here’s why: The Mongols approach a Korean city, only to find it deserted. No guards, no people. Where is everyone? They find out the Korean people and army have locked themselves in a fortress far up a nearby mountain, where cavalry and siege weapons are useless. The Mongols march around the Peninsula, raiding and pillaging wherever they can, only to constantly be ambushed at every corner. One ambush even resulted in the death of a general, just one of only two times this has happened to the Mongols. The Mongols look into capturing the king and end the war directly, only to find out the king and his entire court, as well as his commanders, set up their operations on Ganghwa Island. The island itself isn’t far from the mainland at all, but there’s nothing the Mongols hated more than water. Worse still, the entire Goryeo navy, battle hardened from centuries of fighting Japanese pirates, were docked nearby to make sure no Mongol excursion would get anywhere near the island. Fighting lasted for three decades, one of the longest wars the Mongols had ever waged. It even got to the point that the Mongols had to send its most seasoned warriors and leaders to the Korean war effort, men that could’ve been of more use elsewhere. But three decades weren’t easy on the Koreans either. Constant pillaging of the kingdom’s farmlands resulted in a severe food shortage. The people were exhausted, many of their able-bodied men were fighting or dead, and yet the Mongols kept coming. Needless to say, both sides were sick of the war and sought peace. They agreed that Goryeo would mostly retain its autonomy as a vassal state to the Yuan Dynasty, but its princes would have to marry a Mongol princess. This made Goryeo an “in-law state.” With hostilities finally coming to a close, the Mongols finally could focus on a task that was even scarier than war: governing. Unfortunately, they weren’t really great at this, which was why the Yuan Dynasty lasted less than a century. Some people today have lived longer than that time. Either way, the Yuan Dynasty was far too busy dealing with its own provinces for it to even think of attacking Goryeo again.

[@skyereave9454]

I'm pretty sure I saw this on a Quora post.

[@johnthiam2446]

Yuan were busy with Song china after this.. Which was another headache for the Mongols.

[@HigehiroGo]

you copy from quora. shame

[@Uncle228]

Their worst enemy, governing… and also water

[@gagida1829]

​@@Uncle228e alls aw how that went down in japan

[@googlia9751]

As a Korean, I love seeing the histories I learned at school being presented to the larger audience around the globe, just as I learn other countries' history through your channel. If my history teachers were half as fun as this video, we would have had a lot more history enthusiast. Efforts like yours are what keeps me invested in history. Thank you very much. Also, to give an insight of how Koreans learn about this period, the history textbooks focus on 30~40 years of resistance and guerilla warfare conducted by peasants more so than the devastation and the royal courts' neglection of the plight of the people during the war which is quite a nationalistic view.

[@user-qd1uc3rl1d]

????

[@TheNicechoiko]

???

[@Diamant33]

What are all these replies with some question marks for? 😄😄 That's exactly how I also learned that period of time at school.

[@jeonjukongnamulgukbop]

수도 표기부터 틀렸는데 뭘 감사한다는건지

[@thfkmnIII]

Some minor but important details for the Siege of Kuju: Kim Gyeong-Son reckoned that the Mongols were able to do 4D chess levels of coordination because of their intricate use of flag bearers, so he and his 12 men rode out and slew all (or at least most) of the flag bearers before retreating into the city. Mongol resolve was ultimately snapped when after the defenders constantly rebuilt any breaches that were made, they sallied out and broke the attackers. Definitely some cinematic shit. Also Byeolcho units were generally cavalry from military families, don't know why you presented them as infantry

[@ytn00b3]

Kim Gyeong-Son and his men were from ex-Byeolmuban vanguard regiment that used to fought against Jurchen which is why they're so good at dealing with Mongol riders.

[@yyyymmddhhmm]

Fun fact* Kim Gyeong-Son, coming from a branch family of the Silla Royalty, is the direct ancestor of the Fatties up in North Korea. He's the Patriarch of the Jeonju Kim Clan.

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

Just a little context: The Mongol invasions of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo occurred over the course of six campaigns between 1231 and 1259 CE (seven if you include the put-down of the anti-Mongol Sambyeolcho Rebellion in 1270-1273). This means that the Mongol attacks against Goryeo actually preceded the official founding of the Yuan Dynasty by a full decade, and thus the relationship between the Mongols and Koreans was already established before the Yuan Dynasty even existed. That said, let’s look at the invasions themselves. The Goryeo-Mongol Wars lasted nearly three full decades - a full generation. Now, as mentioned before, the Mongols had a pretty… decisive way of doing things. All over Eurasia, the Mongols swept through the lands, conquering tribes and empires alike. They did this by, well, destroying all those that stood in their way. They would ride up to a city, surround it, send a messenger demanding it to immediately surrender, and burn the place down while decimating, raping, and/or enslaving the population if it resisted. This intimidation tactic was also applied to the state-level, as well. But none of this would’ve really worked if the Mongols couldn’t follow up on their threats. And they did this thanks to an amazingly skilled, mounted fighting force. In pre-industrial times, horsemen were the tanks of the world - and the Mongols were some of the best horse riders in the world. Thanks to their amazing mounted archery capabilities, the Mongol hordes could route armies many times larger their own with hit-and-run tactics and firing volleys from different directions. Rigid formations would break, making them easy pickings for the mobile horse-warriors. All of this made the Mongols practically an unstoppable force, which explains their success across the Old World. But, the Mongols had two major weaknesses. One you probably already know about: water. Generations on the landlocked Steppe meant the Mongols had virtually no knowledge of shipbuilding, sea-faring, or naval warfare, which explains their disastrous invasions of Japan. The second weakness, however, is less talked about: mountains. On the steep slopes of mountainous terrain, the height and mobility advantages of being on horseback are neutralized, if not reversed. And, even outside of the battlefield, mountains - especially rocky, forested ones - make for poor grazing grounds for large amounts of horses. Unfortunately for the Mongols, Korea featured both water and mountains. Worse, centuries of fighting the mounted hordes of the Jurchens and Khitans, as well as Japanese sea pirates, has given the Koreans valuable lessons on how to use these two terrains to their advantage. Case in point, the Koreans had built hundreds of stone fortresses perched on the top of mountains and hills. In wartime, whole towns and cities would be evacuated into nearby citadels, where they would be greeted by a small permanent garrison. For you Lord of the Rings nerds out there, this defensive strategy is not unlike the one employed by Rohan in the LOTR: the Two Towers. In the film, you can see that Rohan’s capital city Edoras is defended by a basic wall that alone does not seem particularly impressive or practical. The reason for this, we find, is that in emergencies, the city’s residents would be evacuated into a mountain fortress called Helm’s Deep. The Koreans basically did the exact same thing, except on a broader scale. And, unlike Helm’s Deep, which wasn’t really a true a “mountain-fortress” and sat on a flat valley, Korean fortresses were literally built into or on top of mountains. The fortresses themselves may not seem like much alone, but those steep slopes did much of the defending. As you can imagine, you can’t really drag a horse up there and even if you did, what use does it have against sturdy stone walls? The same goes for heavy siege weapons. Siege towers and catapults simply weren’t going to do much for you when you’re faced with such an incline. The only real way to get through was to batter down the gate or over-run the walls, both at massive costs. So that’s one element to Korea’s defense against the Mongols. The other was the sea. Before the Mongols could reach the capital city of Kaegyeong (currently near the border between North and South Korea), the royal court and military command were evacuated to Ganghwa Island. As you can see, it’s barely off the coast of the mainland. But that sliver of water was enough to keep the Korean government out of the Mongols’ reach. And even if they tried, the island was fortified and guarded by the Korean fleet. So, let’s go back to the Mongols’ normal tactics and see how they’d fare in Korea. The Korean army hardly ever faced the Mongols head-on, so the Mongols’ swarm tactics were almost never employed to their fullest degree. The Mongols could threaten to destroy cities and their residents, but much of the population was already evacuated into strongholds in the mountains and hills anyway. And, the Mongols could try to threaten the government directly, but it was safely tucked away on an island. Thus, for much of the three decades of war, the Mongols mostly went around pillaging and burning what they could. Don’t get me wrong, this was devastating and took a heavy toll on the Korean people. But, it wasn’t enough to destroy the kingdom completely. Thus, the Mongols forewent the total conquest of Korea and settled for its vassalization. Korea, for its part, was exhausted by the war and accepted vassal status to the Mongols, as long as the kingdom’s domestic affairs were mostly untouched. Over time, this arrangement was profitable to both sides, considering Korea gained access to the Silk Road and trade with the rest of Eurasia, while the Mongols could focus less on subjugating the Korean people and more on controlling its newly conquered lands and people. The founding of the Yuan Dynasty as the rightful inheritor of the Mandate of Heaven was mostly a propaganda move to gain legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese population, which outnumbered their Mongol overlords by a wide margin. Beyond this, the Mongol imperial family held onto their Mongol roots the best they could and even discouraged inter-marriages between the Mongols and the Chinese. This balancing act between governing the Chinese people and holding onto their traditional roots was an enormous challenge for Yuan emperors, a challenge that was too much to bear. The ensuing domestic turmoil and nearly fanatical persecution of the Mongols just come to show how precarious Yuan rule over China had always been. Needless to say, then, that the Yuan Dynasty was really in no position to annex Korea. Despite its significantly larger size, the Yuan Dynasty was not as powerful as you’d might expect and could not project much influence beyond its borders for very long. Meanwhile, Korea was not as small and weak as its size suggests. It had fought an impressive defensive war against the Mongols and managed to ensure its partial independence, an arrangement that the Yuan Dynasty honored partly because it couldn’t afford to break it.

[@Flare12j89ds]

This. This is what I was looking for. Thank you for posting. Your hard work will not go unnoticed!

[@dark5885]

Great work. It was a joy to read

[@Fergus316]

Yes, one look at a topographical map will reveal why Korea was so hard to conquer

[@delgertsetsegulziitogtokh4760]

Approved As a Mongolian. Have to see whole picture , a lot going on at the same time so ~

[@Sean-gr9re]

"Little" context lol

[@-RONNIE]

Thanks for the video 👍🏻

[@kkang2828]

An English channel that continues to introduce interesting local histories to Western audiences. You guys are the best. Love from 🇰🇷 And yes, the Korean defense against the Mongols is quite a standout case compared to almost all the other regions that the Mongols invaded. It deserves to be more internationally known.

[@Krisjung111]

???? Who caree

[@apollosdomain]

A Suggestion here, can you guys do a video on the Silk Routes (Both over land and maritime routes). Its origin, purpose, what was traded and ultimately what led to its decline.

[@ronjohnson6916]

Interesting. Competent and pragmatic leaders prevented outright defeat. Eventually the leadership was not good enough and ...

[@triadwarfare]

And what?

[@fafoy17]

​@@triadwarfarehes sad korea lost to japan and turned into a slave state

[@MM22966]

Well, that is one interpretation. It sounded more like a slow-motion apocalypse, especially once you start thinking about what it looked like on the ground, with raid, counter-raid, burning towns, and mass starvation. Plus I am guessing the quality of mercy was strained in the extreme, given usual Mongol attitudes toward resisting populations and a Korean desire for revenge.

[@jaydaytoday3548]

They were defeated constantly.. didn't you watch the video? They constantly fled to fortress while the Mongols completely destroyed their farms and cities causing famines, death and had hundreds of thousands Koreans enslaved. Nothing competetent or pragmatic about this .

[@chvhndrtntlr3482]

I believe there is no competent leader even in the past, most of them just learning by doing, the rest is experimenting and the impactful factor is they can steal, learn and kill from their competitor, and make their story cool

[@Jennie-he6nn]

This is my most awaited Video thank you for posting

[@mahir5024]

Everything about this video is perfect ❤

[@user-pp6dj1hi7p]

Thanks for the super well made videos

[@Karznax]

Great video, as always. Can you do a video on the three kingdoms of korea? There’s a lot of interesting content to be found in that period.

[@yaleyoon6856]

I second this!

[@user-rd5sz4rg8j]

we need a goryeo-khitan war series, one of the most famous events ever to impact east asian history! also, Kang Gam Chan (the famous general who defeated the khitans once and for all) is almost as comparable to Yi Soon Shin!

[@KC-bt3wd]

There's actually a Kdrama being filmed

[@user-rd5sz4rg8j]

@@KC-bt3wd i saw the whole thing, it was very good!

[@user-yc9fs1mj3c]

@@user-rd5sz4rg8j k-drama로 제작된 고려-거란 전쟁은 어느정도 각색된 부분이 있습니다. 솔직히 일부 사람들(저를 포함)은 역사를 왜곡했다면서 강하게 거부하는 분들도 계십니다. 지금의 한국처럼 예전부터 한국인들은 끈질기게 저항하는 역사를 가졌고, 나라의 크기나 인구가 다른 여타 강대국들보다 훨씬 적었음에도 완전 정복을 하기 쉽지 않은 나라였습니다. 오직 몽골과 일본만이 한국을 잠시 통치하였고, 그 통치 방식도 자주권을 부여하는 방향이었어요. 그렇게 하지 않고는 식민지의 저항을 본인들이 감당할 수 없었던 것이 본질이죠. 중국 왕조였던 수나라와 당나라는 삼국으로 분열된 한국의 고구려와도 전쟁을 쉽게 이길 수 없을 정도로 고전을 면치 못했고, 거란, 여진, 몽골 같은 기마 중심의 전투 방식도 산악 지대가 대부분인 한국의 지형에서 게릴라처럼 싸우는 고구려, 신라, 고려와 고전을 면치 못했죠.

[@Krisjung111]

Who caree :)) only korean know that

[@richardtabor8686]

ty for the content! always binge-able. xoxoxo

[@trex1448]

Koreans have always been inventive, creative, and competent fighters throughout history always winning against odds.

[@HigehiroGo]

so, they lost mongols

[@trex1448]

@HigehiroGo yes and no. They technically lost, but the Mongols didn't really interfere or exercise any sovereignty beyond tribute requests and initial symbolic acquiescence.

[@joeottoman6484]

nope, they were too poor to have anything to be conquered and exploited during most of the history, or else they would have been a normal province of Chinese empire.

[@egfdfhgf]

​@@joeottoman6484 I'm sure normal Korean farmers were fed better than normal Chinese farmers throughout the history.

[@trex1448]

@@joeottoman6484South Korea is all plains and was a major food producing hub. If you look at traditional food culture and amounts of food the peasants ate historically, it was significant amounts of food especially compared to Japan. Not sure of China bc I personally don't know. Mongols also got smashed something like 8 times including a royal getting killed even with overwhelming odds. But it does help to be a peninsula on the far end of the continent.

[@crokette8908]

Always interesting to learn about a people that successfully resisted against that scourge that was the Mongols.

[@philtkaswahl2124]

Mongols: "Well, it's not a stupid island, so this should work out pretty great." Korea: "Well, yes, but actually, _no."_

[@user-hb8fc1mg7v]

@@user-dx7px6jo1d what do you talk about? just see map from 13 th century. You are talking bullshit. Korea gived up in this time. lol

[@balabanasireti]

Stop, that line is so old 😢

[@matts3425]

Korea: "The word you're looking for is PENNINSULA."

[@matts3425]

@@nom_chompsky Sure, but it's literally a peninsula.

[@ddolddol.master]

Its Ganghwa island not Kanga sounds like african

[@anonfilly7335]

The 왕 at 1:46 is not timeline accurate, as the Korean writing system was only made many centuries later. I love your content!

[@Ali-fx6jd]

Korean history is awsome. Please do more.

[@rogerjamespaul5528]

Try out some Korean Historical drama series, like, "My Country". During the transitional period between the end of the Goryeo dynasty and the beginning of the Joseon dynasty, two friends become enemies following a misunderstanding. They try to protect their country, and the people they love, their own way. 14th Century.

[@rogerjamespaul5528]

My Country, is on Netflix.

[@Ali-fx6jd]

@@rogerjamespaul5528 I watched my country, and Jeong do Jeon (the architect of the creation of Joseon dynasty, made the code of law, gave land to peasents, and tried his best at abolishing private armies.) I really like My country tho. But nothing comes close to Jeong do Jeon for me. My country is a second close

[@Boryang.]

​@@Ali-fx6jdi need to watch jeong do jeon, ive watched othet dramas in the same exact era six flying dragons he was pretty influential, i dont recall him being in my country tho

[@dukeheavens9990]

​@@Boryang. pls does this drama include Mongols conquests

[@slugshell2901]

❤️ this channel

[@khailiansangvaiphei3850]

A video on Burmese Siamese war would be great......people rarely cover this part of the world on any historical videos....overshadowed by India and china

[@user-pb9pj8rq9c]

Also Burmese destruction of Manipur and Assam

[@minoru5760]

Some of advanced arms featured in the movie were also used during Mongol invasion of others, which was led by the Korean princes pragmatic policies. K&G was already making a video about Japan

[@dukeheavens9990]

Are the movies kdramas

[@alfrancisbuada2591]

These guys are underrated

[@primarch02]

As a Korean, i am greatful covering about my country's history. although there are some languege barrier, i keep trying to enjoy your high quality contents.

[@leestudios9948]

Can you do a video about the Goryeo Khitan War

[@Y14H515]

Nice 👍

[@mikemodugno5879]

Awesome

[@Brandonhayhew]

Korean has a history of defensive wars

[@brokenbridge6316]

This was a nice story to listen too.

[@dukeheavens9990]

Sir kings and generals please more videos on mongols please, we need more untold stories or lesser known battle explained in a long video please

[@robbabcock_]

Wonderful video! Korea stood up fiercely, much more so than most.

[@skyereave9454]

Oh wow, i didn't think you would cover this.

[@MysticChronicles712]

This video brilliantly highlights Korea's strategic defense tactics against the Mongol invasions during medieval times. Great job!

[@CatGaming0305]

kewl video :D

[@jasonlee0290]

Thank you for doing more Korean history other than the Imjin War! We have so much lost history as well as rich well documented ones that ultimately survived due to constant threat of invasion. I hope one day we maybe able to uncover even more lost artifacts and ancestral grounds in modern northern China!

[@lovegab6333]

When Japan invaded Korea in 1592, Korea was defeated on all fronts. The Ming Dynasty of China, which was supporting Korea at this time, fell into a financial crisis due to this war. I'm sure you're only learning history that is convenient for you, so I'll tell you this: Of the three great conquests of Banreki, this war was the one in which the most silver was spent. His other two wars combined did not reach the funds used for this war. More than 7.4 million taels of silver were used in this war, while in other wars he used 800,000 taels and 2.4 million taels of silver. Approximately 80,000 Japanese soldiers died during the two dispatches to Korea, but half of them died from infectious diseases and the remaining 40,000 died in battle. To kill these 40,000 people, the Joseon Dynasty lost 260,000 soldiers and the Ming Dynasty lost 38,000 soldiers. Where is the victory? Including civilian deaths, the total number of deaths in the Sino-South Korean coalition is likely to exceed 1 million. This war was not a big deal for Japan, but the Ming Dynasty and its vassal states suffered irreparable damage (lol) The number of troops dispatched to Korea at that time was 150,000, 25% of Japan's total military force. was. was. Do you know of any small country that could not protect itself from this 25% total military force and asked China for help? (Laughs) Then Japan made peace with the Ming Dynasty and withdrew without paying any reparations. By the way, the Joseon Dynasty was refused participation in negotiations by China. It seems that there was also a sailor who was considered a Korean hero who made a surprise attack on the retreating Shimazu and was killed by Shimazu's casual soldiers. Did you know that during the heyday of the Edo period, Japan was an economic power that surpassed Britain and Spain, and even just before the Meiji Restoration, Japan's GDP was slightly higher than that of the Ottoman Empire? Did you know that even just before the Meiji Restoration, Japan's per capita GDP was half that of the United States? Korea has always been a small country, but Japan has always been a large country.

[@johntillman6068]

During and after the decades in which the Mongols invaded Korea nine times, they also invaded Poland three times, 1240-88. The last, unsuccessful invasion of Poland was after the ninth attack on Korea and the two failed attempts on Japan. An amazing, if brief, empire.

[@EloiFL]

You know, sometimes I sit looking to the sunset and a tear streams down my cheek while thinking what Kings and Generals will do to me when they finally catch me on the next one

[@matts3425]

I like to "seat" looking at the sunset, too 😅

[@yungenvy436]

​@@matts3425 and sometimes a tear "strems" down my cheek

[@matts3425]

@@yungenvy436 lmfao you win 😂

[@user-qr3og8ko7v]

After surrender to Mongols, Mogol had never crushed Korean territory as they did in other conquered countries. Instead Mogols accepted Koryeo's reqest for preserving their customs and appearances utill the Mongol Empire collapsed. This was the same in the period of Ching (of Manchurian)Dynasty in China.

[@josephphoenix1376]

Excellent Episode 👍

[@moderatecanuck]

There's an ongoing drama on Viki regarding their battles against the Khitans

[@jonghoonpark5497]

고려거란전쟁?

[@trevorthai1685]

I would love to see even more videos on medieval history of Korea (Goryeo, the warring states & unifications periods)!! It’s so fascinating to hear about their complex political history and their conflicts with neighbours, tribes, Chinese kingdoms & Japan over the course of their development.

[@user-ht2js9xx3p]

Kublai Khan famously said: "Koryŏ is a country of a myriad miles. Since the time of Emperor Taizong of the Tang, who personally led an expedition against it, it could not be subjugated. Now that its Heir Apparent has come to submit to me, it must be the will of heaven!" Korea was _not_ a weak adversary.

[@primarch02]

When King Wonjong of Goryeo chose Kublai Khan over Aric Boke and came to meet him.

[@serelbass7283]

As a Korean and a big history nerd I want to thank you Kings and Generals for another great content! I learn so much about other country’s historic battles from you!

[@Starbirthglow-il5io]

nice video what program did you use to create this i like the animation of movement

[@pedrovieiraa6]

do an video of Nabucodonosor

[@jonghoonpark5497]

There was a French campaign against Korea in 1866. That would be interesting to cover.

[@The-unMighty-Eagle]

Plz make videos on Hannibal barca🙏

[@The-UnMinghty-Eagle]

true plz

[@stipicaradic]

Watch HistoryMarche's videos on him. I love K&G, but they have wikipedia level knowledge.

[@xocysp]

Korea is a peninsula and every each sides are surrounded by enemy China and Japan and now north korea too. Evey korea's war history are major in defend tactics so our history is quiet interesting. Im impressed that not only the military, but also slaves, and commons voluntarily join the war to defend their own country.

[@Jack.Krauser.re4]

You should do a piece on korean warrior monks through the centuries!

[@KING_SADAT]

Please make a video on Ghurid Dynisty.... لطفا یک ویدیو در مورد سلسله غوریان بسازید.

[@unurbuyanerdenebat7516]

Cool

[@leoj4023]

you should have included the continued resistance of royal military forces who were still against Mongols in Jeju island even when the whole country fell under Mongol influence.

[@theromanorder]

Please do a summary of all tactics used against the Mongols

[@marcuslouvierF1]

Hello kings and generals, I enjoy your videos and have been watching for many years. I have a question. Will these patroon videos be available on KZbin one day?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Not sure

[@minamotonokuroyoshitsune3237]

Finally I always wanted to watch a video on the Mongol invasions of Goryeo

[@chappy3125]

Please do one on the Korean 3 Kingdoms: Proto-Korean states battling it out for dominance is just such a dynamic period imo and would definitely intrigue K&G viewers (it is a very long period of time though but even a gloss of the period would be 🤌🤌🤌)

[@ElBandito]

Even the Sui, and Tang dynasties, with their million men armies couldn't take Korea, but the Mongols never gave up and eventually conquered them.

[@marsaeternum1003]

not really the emperor of Goryeo became the son in law of the khan of mongols, which is not conquest.

[@ElBandito]

@@marsaeternum1003 Goryeo would not have become a tribute paying vassal if the Mongols had not defeated their armies and ravaged their country so thoroughly. But yeah whatever floats your boat.

[@endjfcar]

But that tenacity and fierce resistance have earned Goryeo a lot of respect from the Mongolians, who decided not to fully overtake the country. Others were not so lucky.

[@luongo7886]

That is NOT true. The Mongols were eventually defeated because of the IMPORTANT contribution of the Great VIETNAMESE General Lý Long Tường who led the Koreans to FULL VICTORY against the Mongols TWICE!!! He DEFEATED the Mongols and forced them to SURRENDER TWICE!!

[@SeoWoojin55]

@@ElBanditothey never really defeated them though, and the Mongols also accepted the offer for peace because they were kinda embarrassed because 2 of their generals were killed in Korea and its very rare that Mongol generals die in battles against foreign adversaries. The Mongols respected Goryeo enough that domestically, the Emperor of Goryeo was still addressed as Emperor and was addressed as a King overseas. Also, the Mongols wouldnt state a kingdom as a son-in-law state if it didnt respect them enough. They didnt do the same for China and other countries. The Goryeo emperors wedded Mongol princesses which were the children of the Khan himself while some Mongol nobles, both men and women actually married Korean noblemen and women and settled down in Korea or Mongolia.

[@tcut95]

All of these videos regarding defense against the Mongols makes me want to see a video about the real-life time period that Mulan is based around.

[@frederikbeckers8923]

That is something I'm searching for long, the Korean history before conqueror by Japan. Can you make more videos about the prehistory of Korea?

[@user-ql8dv5sk6y]

Japan was a short period of 1910-1945, or 36 years. That's because Japan accepted Western science 40 years before Korea. For more than 2,000 years before this period, Korea was directly ruled by Korean kings.

[@dmdmdidn2290]

Well Japan has similar history as England. Both island nation that got conquered and colonized by outsiders. It was mostly Koreans and maybe few jurchens colonized Japan island and introduced many cultures since the ancient times.

[@dmdmdidn2290]

And it was the USA Japan treaty forced Korea to annex Japan…

[@ChunSik262]

@@dmdmdidn2290 러일전쟁으로 조선의 운명이 이미 결정된 것 아닌가요…?

[@Gen.berseker25]

Can you cover the Platonic allegory of Altantis?

[@KingsandGenerals]

In what context?

[@Gen.berseker25]

@@KingsandGenerals in the political context!

[@KingsandGenerals]

@@Gen.berseker25 we have covered the Athenian democracy

[@Gen.berseker25]

@@KingsandGenerals thanks!

[@starfox300]

Can you make a video about the Mongol invasion of Europe in the 1280s?

[@moderatecanuck]

There is also a great 2012 about Kim Jun called God of War that show how they resisted the Mongols but eventually failed

[@Numba003]

This is an episode from history I knew pretty much nothing about before watching this video. I feel like Korea before the Cold War is quite a blind spot for me. Thank you for teaching me yet more new history. God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)

[@The_Archmagos]

Let it be known that this video came directly above a Mongolian throat singing clip on my recommended. Also, good stuff

[@ytn00b3]

Koreans got lucky with Kublai Khan which got them with autonomous state and able to marry into Mongol imperial family was smart diplomacy allowing Korea to continue with its own culture and court. Btw, there was Yuan Law book found from Korea several years ago, I wonder what happened to that.

[@primarch02]

Big reason is King Wonjong of Goryeo chose to meet Kublai when Kublai was competing with Aric Bouquet for the Great Khan.

[@okancanarslan3730]

As usual, rulers started the war while ordinary people took most of the suffering.

[@Ali-fx6jd]

Can we get a video oh Khitan- Goreyo wars? And the internal politics from Goreyo to the transition of Joseon dynasty olease 🙏

[@skyereave9454]

Yes please

[@moderatecanuck]

There is a drama about it on Viki. Waiting for it to be complete to watch

[@Ali-fx6jd]

@@moderatecanuck Yeah I know about that lol. I wasn't a big fan tho

[@adamczerczak7746]

Hi, I really join your videos. Could you please do a video on Polish history like the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth? Thank you.

[@KingsandGenerals]

A couple of videos in the works

[@adamczerczak7746]

@@KingsandGenerals Thank you. Also, its worth looking at Lithuanian history since it's too interesting.

[@twofortydrifter]

One word: VIENNA. Lol.

[@freethinkmafia1672]

Goryeo and Silla were so badass

[@XXX3155]

Silla kind of sucks. As a nation, they probably did more harm than anything. As a state it does make sense what they did at the tail end of the 3 kingdom period but they're not that great. Goguryeo was a lot better

[@Born2Sturdy]

​@@XXX3155 They did drive out the Tang dynasty which is no small feat, often ignored by historians. Other than that I agree Goguryeo was more badass.

[@gagida1829]

​@@XXX3155I agree. They were the shield of the peninsula.

[@yyyymmddhhmm]

​@@XXX3155Silla kind of sucks? Lol

[@XXX3155]

@@yyyymmddhhmm Well yeah, if you know Korean history you'd understand why

[@ItzJustHistory1916]

Love the Korean content; please do more videos on the history of Korea! Just two quick notes on minor details though. When you mentioned Korean ships a couple of times in the video you showed images of turtle ships, which are very iconically Korean, but they were created by Admiral Yi Suni-Sin and date primarily to the era of the Imjin War in the late 16th century. The other detail is the pronunciation of Choe. Generally speaking Choe (최) is pronounced in a single syllable that rhymes with the English words “tray” or “day”, rather than two syllables. In the modern day 최 is also anglicized as Choi, but that’s aside from the point.

[@kingkongkungkwang]

I know this has nothing to do with this video, but I just wanted to drop by and send all the love to our Mongolian brothers and sisters. The people of Korea love Mongolia!

[@chinobandito7625]

If you were an empire situated on open planes, then you would easily get beaten by the mongols in a short time because that kind of landscape is where they fought best. Mountains, islands and jungles are like super effective against mongols.

[@skyden24195]

I think it should be mentioned that after Wang Chon returned as the new ruler of Korea, he wrote the song, "Everybody Have Fun Tonight." (Or was that Wang Chung? 😉)

[@Ryuko-T72]

Can you also do korea against the qing

[@ilyonghwang7857]

Korean prince who is next in line to the throne will eventually surrender to Mongol prince who suppose not to become the next king. This was very smart move. This prince will end up defeating his older brother to become the king. And Korean prince ended up marrying one of princess of Mongol and he kept the title to rule Korea and keep its own custom. However Mongols demanded a lot of goods including women.

[@Robbie-xs8qj]

Anyone else enjoy playing as defensive Korea in Europa universalis 4?

[@SafavidAfsharid3197]

Please make video on Tughlaq or Mughals.

[@Tamerlane92]

Why not Jin(金) but Jin(晉) there between Mongol and Goryeo?

[@user-cq4ko5bn9q]

If you have held out long enough against an enemy you cannot defeat anyway, surrendering at the optimal time is also an ability.

[@alirezamercury2688]

I'm waiting for a persian resistance against Mongols episode. Too much to cover in that subject

[@lerneanlion]

After watching these videos about how many nations out there defend themselves against the Mongols, I cannot helped but wondering what the Mongols at the time must have felt when their empire was crumbling apart around them as they are being forced to run back to live in the steppe.

[@twofortydrifter]

not trying to be a smartass, just trying to answer. That's not how the Mongol Empire ended. The decline was very slow and started with splitting into smaller empires first. Smaller pieces lasted for centuries. The Crimean Tatars were there until the 20th century.

[@lerneanlion]

@@twofortydrifter I know that. But I just wondered how they felt about being defeated by those who they conquered.

[@twofortydrifter]

@@lerneanlion that would be difficult to say. The descendants were the ones who witnessed the fall, and they were usually absorbed into the local culture by then.

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

people barely able to read, let alone know their history.

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Nah pretty much mongol despised the Royal Family (kublaid borjigin) because they pretty much got sinicized and spend time more in Beijing(khanbaliq) than Karakorum.

[@ishudshutup]

A very messy war for both sides. Would be interesting to know why the Mongols didn't just completely destroy the Korean court? Their usual response to any moderate resistance was to literally burn everything down to the ground. The Song dynasty also resisted for several decades but they got a much harsher treatment, total annihilation of the ruling class, not exchanging kids for marriage. Did the Mongols see the Koreans as related due to having the same language grammar structures?

[@skyereave9454]

It partly has to do with Goryeo choosing to surrender and partly the fact that that surrender didn't come after a large scale disastrous defeat like the seizing of the capital or the capture of important leaders. Some leaders were killed but the royal family was never caught. Basically, it was a peace agreement after a long series of extended invasions that were a huge drain on resources. Also, the Mongols have no practical way of occupying the peninsula long term. It takes a lot just to get to Korea. The distance doesn't look far but the terrain itself is terrible to pass through.

[@user-ql8dv5sk6y]

The queens of the Koryeo kings were princesses who were the daughters of the Mongol Empire's emperor, Khan, and the empress, the last wife of the Mongol Empire's emperor, Khan, was the daughter of a Koryeo aristocrat. Mongolia considered Koryeo particularly and treated it.

[@user-qi5gd2gv4d]

몽골인들은 고대한국의 후손입니다

[@Isl33p]

Mongols and Koreans have similar folk religions, with Tengri(considered God in Mongolia) being one of the mystical founding fathers of Korea. Also, the Korean court and its army did not face total annihilation, with its most veteran troops being somewhat fully intact. So if the Mongols tried to burn everything down, then it would mean yet another war between Mongols and Koreans, which both sides did not want.

[@MichaelSmith-ij2ut]

As someone who has driven back the gawdam Mongorians from my city wall, this video really appealed to me

[@markusforsberg6741]

Mongolians not mongorians.!

[@santawashere4877]

Interesting video, but it would be nice to have some analysis separating myth from history

[@rcredred88888]

The Jin banner at 2:29 should be 金 instead of 晉.

[@user-bk2zk6rq2b]

1:35 Hanseong is not capital of Goryeo. Gaegyong is capital of Goryeo

[@gakidomo9561]

I know Finno-Korean isn't real but, it'll be cool if you come up with the timeline and battle operations xD

[@user-tt9ex9gy1m]

The capital of Goryeo was Gaegyeong (Kaesong), not Hanseong (Seoul) at the time.

[@leeboy26]

It's often forgotten in these conflicts the terrible toll it took on the otters.

[@samsmith2635]

Rooting for Team Korea, what a bunch of Bosses

[@twofortydrifter]

Yea, they definitely punched above their weight throughout history. But they were too small. Always one bad administration away from subjugation and eventually, that's exactly what happened.

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

agree. kim is a great leader.

[@hurricane-3104]

한국인으로서 말하지만 고려의 귀족들의 복장들이 고증이 이상하네요..실제로는 매우 호화롭고 사치스러웠습니다.

[@ChunSik262]

무신 정권인데 황제복장인것도

[@user-vi4hw1cn1v]

고려는 원종까지는 황제라 불렸는데 원종이 몽골에 복종 하면서 부터 결국 고려는 왕국으로 하락으로 하게되서 원종이후 에는 고려왕이라 불리게 됩니다 그리고 고려왕 칭호에는 앞에자에 충이라고 붙이게 됩니다 그리고 왕뒤에 무슨 종이라 불리는 칭호는 황제라고 칭해지고 황제가 쓴 임금님 모자도 못쓰게 됨과 동시에 원나라 황제가 칭해주는 관을 쓰게 됩니다. 그리고 고려에는 다루가치라는 원나라 감시관들이 파견됩니다.

[@ykokog1813]

After the surrender, Darughachi ceased to exist in Goryeo. To be precise, it only existed on Jeju Island.

[@ChunSik262]

그것은 고려 왕씨 가문이 원나라 황실의 방계로 편입되었기 때문입니다. 한마디로 고려는 원나라의 황족이 다스리는 제후국이었다는 뜻

[@DanhNguyen-1905]

There was a Vietnamese prince who helped Korea defeat the Mongols in a land south of Korea until he died of old age.

[@monkeymoo87]

Japan had the ocean and Korea (in particular North Korea) had its mountainous terrain to help defend against the Mongols, which makes sense because they are steppe nomads who perfected fighting on flat, grassy plains

[@chestnutchh132]

You are wrong. It has nothing to do with ocean. It’s the Japanese samurais. Mongols were no match against the Samurais. It recorded that 1 Samurai = 5 Mongols

[@monkeymoo87]

@@chestnutchh132 ?? The mongols we’re out of their element by making their cavalry based army engage in amphibious warfare while samurai were good infantry fighters defending their home court

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Still pretty hard for mongol to conquered Japan even if they successfully landing because Japan are just mountainous like korea. Only thing they can do to success for Japanese campaign are to improve their navy and upgrade their infantry troops.

[@ykokog1813]

I agree with you. During the Goryeo Dynasty, Kaema Plateau and Amnok River played an important role in defending Korea from nomadic Empire attacks. A typical example is Goryeo - Khitan War.

[@ykokog1813]

Of course, it wasn't just because of the terrain. At that time, Korea's population density was high and it was possible to conscript large-scale troops if necessary. Because of this, the country defended its territory against Chinese countries several times, and until Hideyoshi's invasion, the Chinese viewed Korea as a country with a high military power and difficult to occupy. However, when Korea's defense line quickly collapsed due to Japan's attack, the dispatched Ming Dynasty generals reprimanded Koreans, saying they only read books and were not as strong as their ancestors. He even said that several times.