How Korea Defended against the Mongols - Medieval History

[@KingsandGenerals]

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[@aboubakrouladabdellah6611]

good vidio

[@LaDerechaMexico]

Hello kings and generals, I enjoy your videos and have been watching for many years. I have a question. Will these patroon videos be available on KZbin one day?

[@KingsandGenerals]

@@LaDerechaMexico not sure

[@sezarnhakksezarafatihinhak5475]

Tatar Khaganate was Turkic .It is referred to as the Turco-Mongol in the literature,but this is a mistake. In addition to historical records, DNA studies also proved that Genghis Khan was Turkic.Genghis Khan's Y-haplogroup R1b lol

[@luongo7886]

In your next video series about the Korean resistance against the Mongols, please mention the IMPORTANT contribution of the Great VIETNAMESE General Lý Long Tường who led the Koreans to FULL VICTORY against the Mongols TWICE!!! He DEFEATED the Mongols and forced them to SURRENDER TWICE!! Thank you.

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

“If you can’t beat ‘em, join them.” This was pretty much the mentality of both sides of the Mongol-Goryeo War, even though the Mongols technically “won.” Goryeo was one of the very few instances in history where the Mongols could not secure absolute domination and therefore had to sign a peace treaty. Generally this was how it usually went: The Mongols approach a city and sends a messenger with demands that the city surrender. If the city does not surrender, the Mongols swoop in with its massive hordes and pillage, rape, and burn to their hearts content. The Mongols gather the heads of their victims and display it for the next city. Pretty straightforward, albeit gruesome, tactic. It worked…MOST of the time. There was only a few places in the world where this did not work, one of which was Korea. Here’s why: The Mongols approach a Korean city, only to find it deserted. No guards, no people. Where is everyone? They find out the Korean people and army have locked themselves in a fortress far up a nearby mountain, where cavalry and siege weapons are useless. The Mongols march around the Peninsula, raiding and pillaging wherever they can, only to constantly be ambushed at every corner. One ambush even resulted in the death of a general, just one of only two times this has happened to the Mongols. The Mongols look into capturing the king and end the war directly, only to find out the king and his entire court, as well as his commanders, set up their operations on Ganghwa Island. The island itself isn’t far from the mainland at all, but there’s nothing the Mongols hated more than water. Worse still, the entire Goryeo navy, battle hardened from centuries of fighting Japanese pirates, were docked nearby to make sure no Mongol excursion would get anywhere near the island. Fighting lasted for three decades, one of the longest wars the Mongols had ever waged. It even got to the point that the Mongols had to send its most seasoned warriors and leaders to the Korean war effort, men that could’ve been of more use elsewhere. But three decades weren’t easy on the Koreans either. Constant pillaging of the kingdom’s farmlands resulted in a severe food shortage. The people were exhausted, many of their able-bodied men were fighting or dead, and yet the Mongols kept coming. Needless to say, both sides were sick of the war and sought peace. They agreed that Goryeo would mostly retain its autonomy as a vassal state to the Yuan Dynasty, but its princes would have to marry a Mongol princess. This made Goryeo an “in-law state.” With hostilities finally coming to a close, the Mongols finally could focus on a task that was even scarier than war: governing. Unfortunately, they weren’t really great at this, which was why the Yuan Dynasty lasted less than a century. Some people today have lived longer than that time. Either way, the Yuan Dynasty was far too busy dealing with its own provinces for it to even think of attacking Goryeo again.

[@skyereave9454]

I'm pretty sure I saw this on a Quora post.

[@johnthiam2446]

Yuan were busy with Song china after this.. Which was another headache for the Mongols.

[@Uncle228]

Their worst enemy, governing… and also water

[@gagida1829]

​@@Uncle228e alls aw how that went down in japan

[@팀킬-w1q]

where are you from? you are genius

[@oledshwfgk3068]

Hopefully you'll cover the Goguryeo Sui war and the khitan invasions in the future.

[@bkjeong4302]

The Goguryeo-Sui War; aka when China assembled an army so large it had no way to feed it and over half the army died of starvation and disease while invading Korea before the rest were wiped out on the retreat. It was bad enough the Sui Dynasty collapsed because of this failed invasion, because the country couldn’t sustain the war effort (though Goguryeo also suffered severely as a result of the scorched-earth policy they enacted to starve out the Sui).

[@평범한댓글러-f9v]

Goryeo-khitan war is crazy too, Yang Gyu and Gang Gamchan are legendary

[@primarch02]

As a Korean, i am greatful covering about my country's history. although there are some languege barrier, i keep trying to enjoy your high quality contents.

[@makariusshin2163]

Korean here. Thank you so much for uploading this video! I was waiting for it:) I have to say, even for us Won-Jong 원종 recognizing Kublai as the Khan is a great luck/miracle we had after long years of war

[@tonyagos1172]

I'm starting to learn history about the country of South Korea 🇰🇷

[@Pinkfongfan24]

🇺🇸❤🇰🇷 😊

[@BB4liffe]

From Mongolia with LOVE to our Korean brothers and sisters. We are all ONE. Cheers.

[@matts3425]

Koreans show great resilience through out their historic wars. Truly sad to see what has become of South Korea. I hope their standards of living and lack of freedoms improves as soon as possible. Sad to think of how their people are treated in the modern day. Then again China still has forced labor and concentration camps, so I guess S Korea is doing well when compared to China.

[@Beefmongering]

​@@matts3425you mean North Korea?

[@Righthand_]

I am glad we are able to watch these high quality videos for free. Shout out to these creators.

[@Filthy_rabbit69]

No one would pay to watch this

[@Karznax]

Great video, as always. Can you do a video on the three kingdoms of korea? There’s a lot of interesting content to be found in that period.

[@yaleyoon6856]

I second this!

[@apollosdomain]

A Suggestion here, can you guys do a video on the Silk Routes (Both over land and maritime routes). Its origin, purpose, what was traded and ultimately what led to its decline.

[@xocysp]

Korea is a peninsula and every each sides are surrounded by enemy China and Japan and now north korea too. Evey korea's war history are major in defend tactics so our history is quiet interesting. Im impressed that not only the military, but also slaves, and commons voluntarily join the war to defend their own country.

[@googlia9751]

As a Korean, I love seeing the histories I learned at school being presented to the larger audience around the globe, just as I learn other countries' history through your channel. If my history teachers were half as fun as this video, we would have had a lot more history enthusiast. Efforts like yours are what keeps me invested in history. Thank you very much. Also, to give an insight of how Koreans learn about this period, the history textbooks focus on 30~40 years of resistance and guerilla warfare conducted by peasants more so than the devastation and the royal courts' neglection of the plight of the people during the war which is quite a nationalistic view.

[@101보병-d7v]

????

[@TheNicechoiko]

???

[@Diamant33]

What are all these replies with some question marks for? 😄😄 That's exactly how I also learned that period of time at school.

[@jeonjukongnamulgukbop]

수도 표기부터 틀렸는데 뭘 감사한다는건지

[@thfkmnIII]

Some minor but important details for the Siege of Kuju: Kim Gyeong-Son reckoned that the Mongols were able to do 4D chess levels of coordination because of their intricate use of flag bearers, so he and his 12 men rode out and slew all (or at least most) of the flag bearers before retreating into the city. Mongol resolve was ultimately snapped when after the defenders constantly rebuilt any breaches that were made, they sallied out and broke the attackers. Definitely some cinematic shit. Also Byeolcho units were generally cavalry from military families, don't know why you presented them as infantry

[@ytn00b3]

Kim Gyeong-Son and his men were from ex-Byeolmuban vanguard regiment that used to fought against Jurchen which is why they're so good at dealing with Mongol riders.

[@yyyymmddhhmm]

Fun fact* Kim Gyeong-Son, coming from a branch family of the Silla Royalty, is the direct ancestor of the Fatties up in North Korea. He's the Patriarch of the Jeonju Kim Clan.

[@alfrancisbuada2591]

These guys are underrated

[@AndrewPARK-g1o]

we need a goryeo-khitan war series, one of the most famous events ever to impact east asian history! also, Kang Gam Chan (the famous general who defeated the khitans once and for all) is almost as comparable to Yi Soon Shin!

[@KC-bt3wd]

There's actually a Kdrama being filmed

[@AndrewPARK-g1o]

@@KC-bt3wd i saw the whole thing, it was very good!

[@anyminer]

@@AndrewPARK-g1o k-drama로 제작된 고려-거란 전쟁은 어느정도 각색된 부분이 있습니다. 솔직히 일부 사람들(저를 포함)은 역사를 왜곡했다면서 강하게 거부하는 분들도 계십니다. 지금의 한국처럼 예전부터 한국인들은 끈질기게 저항하는 역사를 가졌고, 나라의 크기나 인구가 다른 여타 강대국들보다 훨씬 적었음에도 완전 정복을 하기 쉽지 않은 나라였습니다. 오직 몽골과 일본만이 한국을 잠시 통치하였고, 그 통치 방식도 자주권을 부여하는 방향이었어요. 그렇게 하지 않고는 식민지의 저항을 본인들이 감당할 수 없었던 것이 본질이죠. 중국 왕조였던 수나라와 당나라는 삼국으로 분열된 한국의 고구려와도 전쟁을 쉽게 이길 수 없을 정도로 고전을 면치 못했고, 거란, 여진, 몽골 같은 기마 중심의 전투 방식도 산악 지대가 대부분인 한국의 지형에서 게릴라처럼 싸우는 고구려, 신라, 고려와 고전을 면치 못했죠.

[@Krisjung111]

Who caree :)) only korean know that

[@marona8480]

In fact, this is a trivial event in history😅

[@raymonddodo]

Throughout history, Korea has consistently defied adversity, showcasing a resilience that is deeply ingrained in its culture. From repelling the armies of powerful neighboring nations like the Sui and Tang Dynasties, to thwarting the Khitan and Jurchen invasions, Korea has demonstrated an indomitable spirit. Despite periods of division and foreign invasion, such as the Mongol and Japanese incursions, Korea has persevered, evolving into a pro-democracy nation. Even during the tumultuous events of the late Joseon Dynasty, when Japan sought to erase Korean culture, the spirit of resistance prevailed, ensuring Korea's survival. Despite attempts at occupation and cultural erasure, Korea's identity endures, buoyed by the unwavering dedication of its people to maintain their independence and heritage.

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Well Japan assimilation policy is only started in ww2 and mostly flip flop only applying for people who enter government position.

[@kkang2828]

An English channel that continues to introduce interesting local histories to Western audiences. You guys are the best. Love from 🇰🇷 And yes, the Korean defense against the Mongols is quite a standout case compared to almost all the other regions that the Mongols invaded. It deserves to be more internationally known.

[@Krisjung111]

???? Who caree

[@Ali-fx6jd]

Korean history is awsome. Please do more.

[@Ali-fx6jd]

@rogerjamespaul5528 I watched my country, and Jeong do Jeon (the architect of the creation of Joseon dynasty, made the code of law, gave land to peasents, and tried his best at abolishing private armies.) I really like My country tho. But nothing comes close to Jeong do Jeon for me. My country is a second close

[@Boryang.]

​@@Ali-fx6jdi need to watch jeong do jeon, ive watched othet dramas in the same exact era six flying dragons he was pretty influential, i dont recall him being in my country tho

[@dukeheavens9990]

​@@Boryang. pls does this drama include Mongols conquests

[@dukeheavens9990]

​@@Ali-fx6jd does this kdramas include Mongols conquests

[@Ali-fx6jd]

@@dukeheavens9990 My Country: The New Age? No.

[@mahir5024]

Everything about this video is perfect ❤

[@crokette8908]

Always interesting to learn about a people that successfully resisted against that scourge that was the Mongols.

[@lyhthegreat]

vietnam is what i would call successfully repelling the mongols, koreans bent their knees towards the khan and were forced to supply troops to them, how is that a successful resistance?

[@t-bone2760]

@@lyhthegreatDon’t hate, just congratulate.

[@lyhthegreat]

@@t-bone2760 just spitting the truth besides they got conquered, what is there to congratulate??

[@불루재이]

@@lyhthegreat Vietnamese should consider themselves lucky. People praise Vietnam for defeating the Mongols and the Vietnamese people attest this to their national character but the truth is, you guys barely got the brunt of full Mongol force compared to Korea. Korea faced 6-7 campaigns during the HEIGHT of the Mongols when Genghis Khan was alive. Even then, they still could not fully conquer the kingdom. Not to mention our logistical disadvantage, Korea is way closer to Mongolia than Vietnam is.

[@lyhthegreat]

@@불루재이 well they can just say, they also repelled the strongest military might the world has ever seen, America, what do you say about that? That is something only vietnam can claim.

[@Brandonhayhew]

Korean has a history of defensive wars

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

Just a little context: The Mongol invasions of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo occurred over the course of six campaigns between 1231 and 1259 CE (seven if you include the put-down of the anti-Mongol Sambyeolcho Rebellion in 1270-1273). This means that the Mongol attacks against Goryeo actually preceded the official founding of the Yuan Dynasty by a full decade, and thus the relationship between the Mongols and Koreans was already established before the Yuan Dynasty even existed. That said, let’s look at the invasions themselves. The Goryeo-Mongol Wars lasted nearly three full decades - a full generation. Now, as mentioned before, the Mongols had a pretty… decisive way of doing things. All over Eurasia, the Mongols swept through the lands, conquering tribes and empires alike. They did this by, well, destroying all those that stood in their way. They would ride up to a city, surround it, send a messenger demanding it to immediately surrender, and burn the place down while decimating, raping, and/or enslaving the population if it resisted. This intimidation tactic was also applied to the state-level, as well. But none of this would’ve really worked if the Mongols couldn’t follow up on their threats. And they did this thanks to an amazingly skilled, mounted fighting force. In pre-industrial times, horsemen were the tanks of the world - and the Mongols were some of the best horse riders in the world. Thanks to their amazing mounted archery capabilities, the Mongol hordes could route armies many times larger their own with hit-and-run tactics and firing volleys from different directions. Rigid formations would break, making them easy pickings for the mobile horse-warriors. All of this made the Mongols practically an unstoppable force, which explains their success across the Old World. But, the Mongols had two major weaknesses. One you probably already know about: water. Generations on the landlocked Steppe meant the Mongols had virtually no knowledge of shipbuilding, sea-faring, or naval warfare, which explains their disastrous invasions of Japan. The second weakness, however, is less talked about: mountains. On the steep slopes of mountainous terrain, the height and mobility advantages of being on horseback are neutralized, if not reversed. And, even outside of the battlefield, mountains - especially rocky, forested ones - make for poor grazing grounds for large amounts of horses. Unfortunately for the Mongols, Korea featured both water and mountains. Worse, centuries of fighting the mounted hordes of the Jurchens and Khitans, as well as Japanese sea pirates, has given the Koreans valuable lessons on how to use these two terrains to their advantage. Case in point, the Koreans had built hundreds of stone fortresses perched on the top of mountains and hills. In wartime, whole towns and cities would be evacuated into nearby citadels, where they would be greeted by a small permanent garrison. For you Lord of the Rings nerds out there, this defensive strategy is not unlike the one employed by Rohan in the LOTR: the Two Towers. In the film, you can see that Rohan’s capital city Edoras is defended by a basic wall that alone does not seem particularly impressive or practical. The reason for this, we find, is that in emergencies, the city’s residents would be evacuated into a mountain fortress called Helm’s Deep. The Koreans basically did the exact same thing, except on a broader scale. And, unlike Helm’s Deep, which wasn’t really a true a “mountain-fortress” and sat on a flat valley, Korean fortresses were literally built into or on top of mountains. The fortresses themselves may not seem like much alone, but those steep slopes did much of the defending. As you can imagine, you can’t really drag a horse up there and even if you did, what use does it have against sturdy stone walls? The same goes for heavy siege weapons. Siege towers and catapults simply weren’t going to do much for you when you’re faced with such an incline. The only real way to get through was to batter down the gate or over-run the walls, both at massive costs. So that’s one element to Korea’s defense against the Mongols. The other was the sea. Before the Mongols could reach the capital city of Kaegyeong (currently near the border between North and South Korea), the royal court and military command were evacuated to Ganghwa Island. As you can see, it’s barely off the coast of the mainland. But that sliver of water was enough to keep the Korean government out of the Mongols’ reach. And even if they tried, the island was fortified and guarded by the Korean fleet. So, let’s go back to the Mongols’ normal tactics and see how they’d fare in Korea. The Korean army hardly ever faced the Mongols head-on, so the Mongols’ swarm tactics were almost never employed to their fullest degree. The Mongols could threaten to destroy cities and their residents, but much of the population was already evacuated into strongholds in the mountains and hills anyway. And, the Mongols could try to threaten the government directly, but it was safely tucked away on an island. Thus, for much of the three decades of war, the Mongols mostly went around pillaging and burning what they could. Don’t get me wrong, this was devastating and took a heavy toll on the Korean people. But, it wasn’t enough to destroy the kingdom completely. Thus, the Mongols forewent the total conquest of Korea and settled for its vassalization. Korea, for its part, was exhausted by the war and accepted vassal status to the Mongols, as long as the kingdom’s domestic affairs were mostly untouched. Over time, this arrangement was profitable to both sides, considering Korea gained access to the Silk Road and trade with the rest of Eurasia, while the Mongols could focus less on subjugating the Korean people and more on controlling its newly conquered lands and people. The founding of the Yuan Dynasty as the rightful inheritor of the Mandate of Heaven was mostly a propaganda move to gain legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese population, which outnumbered their Mongol overlords by a wide margin. Beyond this, the Mongol imperial family held onto their Mongol roots the best they could and even discouraged inter-marriages between the Mongols and the Chinese. This balancing act between governing the Chinese people and holding onto their traditional roots was an enormous challenge for Yuan emperors, a challenge that was too much to bear. The ensuing domestic turmoil and nearly fanatical persecution of the Mongols just come to show how precarious Yuan rule over China had always been. Needless to say, then, that the Yuan Dynasty was really in no position to annex Korea. Despite its significantly larger size, the Yuan Dynasty was not as powerful as you’d might expect and could not project much influence beyond its borders for very long. Meanwhile, Korea was not as small and weak as its size suggests. It had fought an impressive defensive war against the Mongols and managed to ensure its partial independence, an arrangement that the Yuan Dynasty honored partly because it couldn’t afford to break it.

[@SimboKlice]

This. This is what I was looking for. Thank you for posting. Your hard work will not go unnoticed!

[@dark5885]

Great work. It was a joy to read

[@Fergus316]

Yes, one look at a topographical map will reveal why Korea was so hard to conquer

[@delgertsetsegulziitogtokh4760]

Approved As a Mongolian. Have to see whole picture , a lot going on at the same time so ~

[@GotrumpGousa]

Wow!

[@ronjohnson6916]

Interesting. Competent and pragmatic leaders prevented outright defeat. Eventually the leadership was not good enough and ...

[@triadwarfare]

And what?

[@fafoy17]

​@@triadwarfarehes sad korea lost to japan and turned into a slave state

[@jaydaytoday3548]

They were defeated constantly.. didn't you watch the video? They constantly fled to fortress while the Mongols completely destroyed their farms and cities causing famines, death and had hundreds of thousands Koreans enslaved. Nothing competetent or pragmatic about this .

[@chvhndrtntlr3482]

I believe there is no competent leader even in the past, most of them just learning by doing, the rest is experimenting and the impactful factor is they can steal, learn and kill from their competitor, and make their story cool

[@magoochito]

@@jaydaytoday3548 Compare them to the other kingdoms the Mongols warred with. They acted similar, but were decimated.

[@minoru-kk]

Some of advanced arms featured in the movie were also used during Mongol invasion of others, which was led by the Korean princes pragmatic policies. K&G was already making a video about Japan

[@dukeheavens9990]

Are the movies kdramas

[@philtkaswahl2124]

Mongols: "Well, it's not a stupid island, so this should work out pretty great." Korea: "Well, yes, but actually, _no."_

[@ZorigoEnkhtur]

@@user-dx7px6jo1d what do you talk about? just see map from 13 th century. You are talking bullshit. Korea gived up in this time. lol

[@balabanasireti]

Stop, that line is so old 😢

[@matts3425]

Korea: "The word you're looking for is PENNINSULA."

[@matts3425]

@@nom_chompsky Sure, but it's literally a peninsula.

[@ddolddol.master]

Its Ganghwa island not Kanga sounds like african

[@anonfilly7335]

The 왕 at 1:46 is not timeline accurate, as the Korean writing system was only made many centuries later. I love your content!

[@trex1448]

Koreans have always been inventive, creative, and competent fighters throughout history always winning against odds.

[@trex1448]

@HigehiroGo yes and no. They technically lost, but the Mongols didn't really interfere or exercise any sovereignty beyond tribute requests and initial symbolic acquiescence.

[@joeottoman6484]

nope, they were too poor to have anything to be conquered and exploited during most of the history, or else they would have been a normal province of Chinese empire.

[@ekkkkk719]

​@@joeottoman6484 I'm sure normal Korean farmers were fed better than normal Chinese farmers throughout the history.

[@trex1448]

@@joeottoman6484South Korea is all plains and was a major food producing hub. If you look at traditional food culture and amounts of food the peasants ate historically, it was significant amounts of food especially compared to Japan. Not sure of China bc I personally don't know. Mongols also got smashed something like 8 times including a royal getting killed even with overwhelming odds. But it does help to be a peninsula on the far end of the continent.

[@gagida1829]

​@joeottoman6484 this is what we call miseducated. or just a hater perhaps

[@khailiansangvaiphei3850]

A video on Burmese Siamese war would be great......people rarely cover this part of the world on any historical videos....overshadowed by India and china

[@BawiRoThang-r6v]

Also Burmese destruction of Manipur and Assam

[@EloiFL]

You know, sometimes I sit looking to the sunset and a tear streams down my cheek while thinking what Kings and Generals will do to me when they finally catch me on the next one

[@matts3425]

I like to "seat" looking at the sunset, too 😅

[@yungenvy436]

​@@matts3425 and sometimes a tear "strems" down my cheek

[@matts3425]

@@yungenvy436 lmfao you win 😂

[@-RONNIE]

Thanks for the video 👍🏻

[@jasonlee0290]

Thank you for doing more Korean history other than the Imjin War! We have so much lost history as well as rich well documented ones that ultimately survived due to constant threat of invasion. I hope one day we maybe able to uncover even more lost artifacts and ancestral grounds in modern northern China!

[@FutureMythology]

This video brilliantly highlights Korea's strategic defense tactics against the Mongol invasions during medieval times. Great job!

[@황기언-d4x]

After surrender to Mongols, Mogol had never crushed Korean territory as they did in other conquered countries. Instead Mogols accepted Koryeo's reqest for preserving their customs and appearances utill the Mongol Empire collapsed. This was the same in the period of Ching (of Manchurian)Dynasty in China.

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Well actually mongol demand Korean crown prince to stay temporary in karakorum and should took mongol princess as queen. Yuan court infiltrate Goryeo court and Goryeo ceded northwestern, northeastern and jeju to directly administrate by Yuan and Goryeo must involved in war wage by Yuan like invasion of Japan and dispute between princes. Yes Goryeo king got respectable position as in law of great khan and managed to become prince in shenyang

[@robbabcock_]

Wonderful video! Korea stood up fiercely, much more so than most.

[@johntillman6068]

During and after the decades in which the Mongols invaded Korea nine times, they also invaded Poland three times, 1240-88. The last, unsuccessful invasion of Poland was after the ninth attack on Korea and the two failed attempts on Japan. An amazing, if brief, empire.

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Well conduct by different mongol entities

[@bencera6067]

Amazing, love your vids

[@serelbass7283]

As a Korean and a big history nerd I want to thank you Kings and Generals for another great content! I learn so much about other country’s historic battles from you!

[@ytn00b3]

Koreans got lucky with Kublai Khan which got them with autonomous state and able to marry into Mongol imperial family was smart diplomacy allowing Korea to continue with its own culture and court. Btw, there was Yuan Law book found from Korea several years ago, I wonder what happened to that.

[@primarch02]

Big reason is King Wonjong of Goryeo chose to meet Kublai when Kublai was competing with Aric Bouquet for the Great Khan.

[@mimorisenpai8540]

​@@primarch02and wonjong want to got rid from Choe family who are shadow ruler of Goryeo government

[@user-pp6dj1hi7p]

Thanks for the super well made videos

[@Jennie-he6nn]

This is my most awaited Video thank you for posting

[@dukeheavens9990]

Sir kings and generals please more videos on mongols please, we need more untold stories or lesser known battle explained in a long video please

[@ItzJustHistory1916]

Love the Korean content; please do more videos on the history of Korea! Just two quick notes on minor details though. When you mentioned Korean ships a couple of times in the video you showed images of turtle ships, which are very iconically Korean, but they were created by Admiral Yi Suni-Sin and date primarily to the era of the Imjin War in the late 16th century. The other detail is the pronunciation of Choe. Generally speaking Choe (최) is pronounced in a single syllable that rhymes with the English words “tray” or “day”, rather than two syllables. In the modern day 최 is also anglicized as Choi, but that’s aside from the point.

[@slugshell2901]

❤️ this channel

[@trevorthai1685]

I would love to see even more videos on medieval history of Korea (Goryeo, the warring states & unifications periods)!! It’s so fascinating to hear about their complex political history and their conflicts with neighbours, tribes, Chinese kingdoms & Japan over the course of their development.

[@user-ht2js9xx3p]

Kublai Khan famously said: "Koryŏ is a country of a myriad miles. Since the time of Emperor Taizong of the Tang, who personally led an expedition against it, it could not be subjugated. Now that its Heir Apparent has come to submit to me, it must be the will of heaven!" Korea was _not_ a weak adversary.

[@primarch02]

When King Wonjong of Goryeo chose Kublai Khan over Aric Boke and came to meet him.

[@푸른마]

1:35 Hanseong is not capital of Goryeo. Gaegyong is capital of Goryeo

[@leestudios9948]

Can you do a video about the Goryeo Khitan War

[@frederikbeckers8923]

That is something I'm searching for long, the Korean history before conqueror by Japan. Can you make more videos about the prehistory of Korea?

[@dmdmdidn2290]

Well Japan has similar history as England. Both island nation that got conquered and colonized by outsiders. It was mostly Koreans and maybe few jurchens colonized Japan island and introduced many cultures since the ancient times.

[@dmdmdidn2290]

And it was the USA Japan treaty forced Korea to annex Japan…

[@ChunSik262]

@@dmdmdidn2290 러일전쟁으로 조선의 운명이 이미 결정된 것 아닌가요…?

[@user-specdsds1555]

The fact that they still exist in this world implies many hidden factors This becomes even more remarkable when they face a highly disadvantageous geopolitical situation

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Their geography actually good and relationship with Chinese dynasty make them gain strong allies like Goryeo allied with Song against Liao. Have good relationships with Jin Dynasty due to family ties. Become vassal of Yuan to maintain independent Joseon having close relationships with Ming help them a lot against remaining mongol, jurchen, Wokou, and Japanese under Hideyoshi

[@igormarins1227]

Korea was built different. Dudes fought the Mongols, Tang, Han, Japanese...

[@leoj4023]

you should have included the continued resistance of royal military forces who were still against Mongols in Jeju island even when the whole country fell under Mongol influence.

[@skyereave9454]

Oh wow, i didn't think you would cover this.

[@Jack.Krauser.re4]

You should do a piece on korean warrior monks through the centuries!

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

A couple of things need to be clarified here. The Yuan Dynasty is not “Chinese” in the most traditional sense. The dynasty - which means ruling family - itself was Mongolian, though the realm it controlled is the Middle Kingdom, among other places. Therefore, to ask why Korea isn’t a part of China given it was under the Yuan Dynasty isn’t exactly accurate. Second, Goryeo Korea was not technically a part of the Yuan Dynasty. It was a vassal state, sometimes also called an “in-law state” because Goryeo princes would have to marry Mongolian princesses. But, as far as the Yuan Dynasty was concerned, Korea wasn’t another province that it could rule directly. Goryeo still had its own government and was even ruled by a “king” (wang or 王). So how were things different than from before? First thing is that, before the Mongols conquered Song China, Goryeo internally considered its ruler an emperor, meaning though the king would call himself just a “king” when dealing with China (you couldn’t establish relations with China without recognizing the Chinese emperor your superior), he was considered to not have any equal internally. This is similar to Japan, which also had an “emperor” but when dealing with China, was considered just a “king.” After the war with the Mongols, however, the Goryeo kings had to officially take an inferior role to the Yuan emperor. Second was marriage. Goryeo princes were to marry Mongol princes, which meant that the queen of Goryeo henceforth were Mongol and, indeed, with each generation, the king himself would be progressively more Mongol than Korean. If you think about it, this is an extremely unique arrangement for the Mongols, who completely subjugated all of its others enemies. There are several reasons why the Mongols made an exception for the Koreans, though. For one, the Koreans put up a very, very hard fight, one that lasted nearly three decades, and could’ve lasted longer had a peace treaty not been signed. This was not a unconditional surrender for the Koreans. Second, the Mongols considered the Koreans distant cousins, which they are, in a way. The Koreans and Mongols are Altaic peoples, along with the Turks, Manchus, and even possibly the Native Americans. To them, having the Korean king being married to a Mongol princess was a way of pulling Korea into the fold as kin, rather than through conquest. Now, throughout history, Korea has taken the role as a tributary state of various Chinese dynasties, but that fact is very misleading. Under the Sino-Centric system, any state that formed relations with China were considered a tributary state. Why? Because China believed it was the only legitimate empire in the World. Everyone was inferior. So, as long as foreign rulers recognized this fact, the Chinese considered them tributaries. All those who didn’t were considered barbarians. This didn’t just hold true for Korea, it was a rule for everyone. That included the Japanese, the Vietnamese, the Siamese, and even the West. When Zheng He took his fleet all over the Old World and brought back gifts from kingdoms all over South Asia and Africa, the Chinese emperor called them “tributes.” But none of these kingdoms considered themselves subservient. It’s just what the Chinese called them. Another example of this is when George Macartney met with the Qianglong emperor in the 18th century. Macartney wanted to open trade on behalf of King George III with Qing China, but things got tense with the Qianglong emperor demanded he kowtow before him. What’s more, while Macartney offered what he called “gifts” of goodwill, the emperor insisted they were “tributes” and, worse yet, that King George III was his inferior. This appalled Macartney, who demanded that if he were to kowtow before the emperor, that someone of equal rank should kowtow before a painting of George III. Obviously, things didn’t go well and thus the Opium Wars began. But see, if the British were really interested in trading with China peacefully, they would’ve taken the role as a tributary. Luckily for them, the British had grown powerful enough so they could afford to fight a war with China, but the Koreans (as well as everyone else in East Asia at the time) was in no position to fight a war over hurt pride. Keep in mind also that even though Korea offered tribute to the Chinese emperor, China would usually offer a lot more in return. See, “tribute” wasn’t a tax where only one side benefited. The Chinese would send “gifts” in return to the Korean king, often valuable silks, books, and porcelain, as well as access to their massive market for trade. Essentially, China held a trade deficit with the Koreans, so much so that during the Ming Dynasty, a Chinese adviser argued the relationship with Korea wasn’t worth it. Even then, the Chinese knew that it was better to run a deficit than to antagonize an otherwise docile ally, something the United States has been doing with its allies (something Trump has been crying about). In conclusion, never in its history aside from the 35 years under Imperial Japan, has Korea ever been directly absorbed by an outsider, China included. They were always considered their own people, separate from others.

[@Namu89-q3d]

@user-ql8dv5sk6yYes that Ki was the worst empress for both Mongol and Korea 😅

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Mongol didn't consider korean as their cousin and Yuan is mixed entities kublai not only as great khan of mongol but he also emperor of middle kingdom and protector of tibetan buddhism. Mongol tributary a lot different from China because Kublai is prefer direct administrative like sent mongol dargachi to vassal to collected tax and make sure no one rebelled against them.

[@chinobandito7625]

If you were an empire situated on open planes, then you would easily get beaten by the mongols in a short time because that kind of landscape is where they fought best. Mountains, islands and jungles are like super effective against mongols.

[@jonghoonpark5497]

There was a French campaign against Korea in 1866. That would be interesting to cover.

[@fhdebosdl1812]

法国输了

[@한민족-d7u]

I don't speak English, so I used a translator. sorry. What is interesting is that thanks to this political strategy, the Goryeo Dynasty became a dynasty that lasted for about 500 years. Afterwards, Joseon also maintained its rule for 500 years. There are only two Korean dynasties in the world with 500 years of history.

[@okancanarslan3730]

As usual, rulers started the war while ordinary people took most of the suffering.

[@The-unMighty-Eagle]

Plz make videos on Hannibal barca🙏

[@The-UnMinghty-Eagle]

true plz

[@stipicaradic]

Watch HistoryMarche's videos on him. I love K&G, but they have wikipedia level knowledge.

[@mikemodugno5879]

Awesome

[@Y14H515]

Nice 👍

[@Alopias_Rafines]

Korean here, thanks for introducing our history. 🇰🇷

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

Chinese tried, failed many times - and its obsession in conquering Korea cost one Chinese dynasty to fail within 40 years of its founding - Sui dynasty. Despite some success especially in the B.C. era, China was never successful in taking the whole of Korea. But, China did succeed in making Korea its tributary. In the end, after about 700 A.D. Korea did accept that China’s suzerainty and became on and off tributary depending on the strength of China at any given period. The most successful attempt by China in conquering Korea was during the Han dynasty when Han Wudi invaded Gojoseon, a Korean kingdom that dominated Manchu and northern Korean peninsula. Wudi destroyed Gojoseon and set up four commandaries in Northern Korea and Liaodong (former Gojoseon territory) and ruled the region for couple centuries until about 2nd century A.D. Three Han kingdoms of Korea still ruled southern Korean peninsula though, so this wasn’t a complete conquest of Korea. Now, I use Korea in the modern sense of the word, but back then, there really was no concept of Korea or China for that matter. Gojoseon at the time was ruled by former Yan royalty, Han Wudi didn’t think he was invading Korea, he was thinking that he was invading the remnants of Yan state. As Han dynasty waned, the control of North Korean peninsula as well as Liaodong and Manchu regions fell to Goguryeo kingdom. It was during Goguryeo that Korea had most of its conflict with China. Sui invaded four times, largest of which comprised of 1-3 million men; got busted each time and the empire fell. The succeeding Tang dynasty made a fresh invasion of Goguryeo, which was again a total failure. But, with help of southern Korean kingdom of Silla, Tang dynasty eventually toppled Goguryeo decades later. At this point, Tang controlled most of Goguryeo’s former territories including northern Korea, but the southern Korean kingdom of Silla pushed out Tang from Korea within couple decades. China never tried to conquer Korea again, and Koreans realized China can be pain in the butt if they don’t pay tribute, so became a tributary for next thousand years. Tributary relationship strengthened and waned as China strengthened and waned. Korea was conquered twice in my view - some will say once, but I think twice. the first was by the Mongols, some will say that this wasn’t a real conquest since Korean court survived; and unlike China, Mongols didn’t rule Korea directly. But the level of control Mongols had over Korea was pretty direct, it was far more than traditional eastern tributary relationship. the second was by the Japanese in early 20th century, which was complete annexation of Korea by Japan. In summary: No, the whole of Korea was never conquered by China. Yes, ancient China tried very hard to conquer Korea.

[@DrugsforKids]

This is very thorough and i enjoyed reading this very much. Could you expand on what kind of control the mongols had over korea thats more than what the traditional eastern tributary relationships required? Just curious.

[@SimboKlice]

Please post more!! Thank you for this awesome post!!

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

@@DrugsforKids After 1270, Goryeo became a "fully integrated client kingdom," however official protocol was that of a subordinate principality. Goryeo's status was incorporated within the "Great Yuan ulus" but legally distinct from the rest of the empire. Yuan legal codes separated Goryeo from southern China. Rashid al-Din Hamadani described Goryeo as a province in name but a separate state within the Yuan dynasty. It has also been called a "son-in-law kingdom in the Mongol empire" because starting with King Chungnyeol (r. 1274-1308), kings of Goryeo were married to Mongol Borjigid princesses and Goryeo princes were raised and educated at the Yuan court. Gongmin of Goryeo (r. 1351-1374) referred to Goryeo's relationship with the Genghisids as that between vassal and lord. Because of royal marriages with princesses of the Mongol Yuan royal family, Goryeo was considered unique among the states. In 1280, the Branch Secretariat for Eastern Campaigns was created, which lasted until the end of the dynasty. The Goryeo prince served as the grand councilor (chengxiang) but the secretariat managers (pingzhang) were appointed by the Yuan court. In 1300, Manager Körgüz proposed abolishing Goryeo court ritual and official hierarchy to better fit its status as a province, but this proposal was rejected. The Mongols established several autonomous commands in Korea that remained outside the control of the Goryeo court. However the kings of Goryeo retained the autonomy to conduct their own government, including setting up bureaucratic structures, selecting officials, exercising laws and taxes, and using those taxes for Goryeo rather than sending them to the Yuan court. The issue of Goryeo's status was raised again in 1302 and between 1309-1312. In both cases, the proposal to change Goryeo's status was raised by the Hong clan of Hong Dagu, who were Goryeo defectors with a long history of conflict with their homeland. The Hong clan was a warlord family that originated in northwestern Goryeo. They made contact with the Mongols in 1218 and defected to the Mongol Empire in 1231. As a former warlord family in Goryeo, the Hong clan specialized in military matters pertaining to Goryeo and made their name by participating in campaigns against their homeland, even stoking conflict on purpose to their benefit. In 1302, they proposed combining Liaoyang and the Branch Secretariat for Eastern Campaigns (Goryeo). Between 1309-1312, the sons of Hong Dagu proposed establishing a province in Goryeo instead of having a separate kingdom. This was because Chungseon of Goryeo held both the position of king of Goryeo and Wang of Shenyang. The Wang of Shenyang was created in 1260 to rule Goryeo people living in Shenyang. While real power resided in the Hong clan and other families, the symbolic power of the post occupied by the Goryeo royal family provided an alternative center of power among the Goryeo elites. In 1308, Külüg Khan granted the post to Chungseon. The emperor rejected the proposal to turn Goryeo into a province in 1312. The Hong clan lost most of its power and the brothers are not mentioned again after 1312. Goryeo was lower ranked than Inner Asians who surrendered to the Mongols earlier. When the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans at the court the Korean King objected. The Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan said that the Uighur king of Qocho was ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King, who was ranked last among the three because the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first, the Karluks surrendered after the Uighurs, and the Koreans surrendered last, and that the Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting. Koreans were classified along with Northern Chinese, Khitan, Balhae and Jurchen people as "Han people."

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

@@DrugsforKids The Branch Secretariat for Eastern Campaigns was created in 1280 to mobilize Goryeo resources for the Mongol invasions of Japan. Its offices were located in Gaegyong and was nominally led by the king of Goryeo, who held the dual titles of Imperial Son-in-Law King of Goryeo and Minister of the Left of the Branch Secretariat for Eastern Campaigns. However even though it was largely staffed by Goryeo officials, it was directly subordinate to the Yuan throne, which stationed Chinese, Jurchens, and Mongols in many of the Branch Secretariat's key posts. After the end of the Japanese campaigns, the Branch Secretariat continued to function as an institution of Mongol political control in Goryeo, with King Chungnyeol of Goryeo being appointed as its head by Kublai Khan in 1288 with the expectation that he would contribute to the Mongol Civil War. To gain Kublai's acceptance and prevent further demands, Chungnyeol dressed in Mongol clothing, cut his hair in the Mongol fashion, and agreed to change the names of Goryeo's administrative bureaus to reflect their subordination to the Mongols. Chungnyeol's successor, Chungseon of Goryeo (Kublai's grandson), spent a good deal of his youth in the Yuan capital and saw himself as both the king of Goryeo and as a prince of the empire. He favored adopting the Yuan legal code and implementing reforms to reduce Goryeo's slave population, which elicited opposition from Goryeo elites who feared that such measures would erode Goryeo's sovereignty. They appealed to Kublai's order that Goryeo's "dynastic customs" be retained and argued that aligning with Yuan legal institutions contravened Kublai's will. As a result of such advocacy, fundamental changes to Goryeo's institutions were not made. Chungseon abdicated in 1313 after only five years on the throne and chose to live in the Yuan capital instead because he believed the Yuan court was the true center of power, and power in Goryeo ultimately came from successfully cultivating relations there. In 1343, King Chunghye of Goryeo was dethroned after being arrested by Yuan envoys. Gi Cheol and Hong Bin were appointed to the Branch Secretariat's leadership by the Yuan until Chunghye's son, Wang Heun, had an audience with the Yuan emperor Toghon Temür, and was appointed king as well as head of the Branch Secretariat. The darughachi were Mongolian resident commissioners sent to the Goryeo court. These commissioners, while nominally subordinate to the Goryeo king, were routinely supplied with provisions and were actively involved in the affairs of the Goryeo court. Although the Branch Secretariat was used as a means of Mongol political control over Goryeo, Goryeo rulers also used the Branch Secretariat to advance their own claims on the Goryeo throne. The king's position as head of the Branch Secretariat enhanced his station within Goryeo as well as in the empire. Chungsuk of Goryeo lobbied Mongols, Koreans, and Chinese with ties to the Yuan court for support in regaining his throne from his son and promised them posts in the Branch Secretarait. Chungseon also benefited from three rest stop villages established by Kublai in 1279 between Goryeo and Khanbaliq that became his base for expansion into Liaoyang. He was granted lands on the northern bank of the Yalu and gained significant influence over the region. The Branch Secretariat was responsible for administering imperial exams. Twenty-three Goryeo men passed the Yuan provincial examination at the Branch Secretariat between 1315 and 1353.

[@soumyadiptamajumder8795]

@@DrugsforKids Once the treaty was concluded and vassaldom established, intermarriage between the Koreans and Mongols was encouraged by the Mongol Empire. After the death of Wonjong in 1274, his successor Chungnyeol of Goryeo received Kublai's daughter Qutlugh-Kelmish as a wife, and his reign began a wholesale Mongolization of the Korean court that continued until the middle of the 14th century. On paper, the official protocol for Korea was that of a subordinate principality, and Korean rulers made lengthy stays at the Mongol Yuan court, both before and after their coronation. In addition, their Mongol wives, and even concubines, exerted great influence over Goryeo politics. For instance, Bayankhutag, Princess Gyeonghwa selected officials for posts within the Goryeo government. The Mongols and the Kingdom of Goryeo became linked via marriage and Goryeo became a quda (marriage alliance) state of the Yuan dynasty; monarchs of Goryeo during this period were effectively imperial sons in-law (khuregen). The effects of intermarriage on Mongol-Goryeo relations worked both ways: during the reign of Kublai Khan, King Chungnyeol of Goryeo married one of Kublai's daughters; later, a court lady from Korea called the Empress Gi became an empress through her marriage with Ukhaantu Khan, and her son, Biligtü Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, became a Mongol Khan. Furthermore, the kings of Goryeo held an important status within the Mongol imperial hierarchy, much like other important families of conquered or client states of the Mongol Empire (e.g. the Uyghurs, the Oirats, and Khongirad). Beginning with the marriage of Chungnyeol and Khudulugh Khaimish, a daughter of Kublai Khan, a total of nine princesses of the Yuan court married into the Goryeo royal family. Korean women first entered the Mongol Empire as war booty. Later in the 13th century, Kublai and the Mongol elites started demanding women from elite Goryeo families as wives and consorts. Goryeo refused these demands but created an official government bureau in Goryeo for the organization of and flow of tribute women to the Mongol Empire. The Mongols also extracted other tributes such as old, silver, cloth, grain, ginseng, and falcons from Goryeo. As with all parts of the Mongol Empire, Goryeo provided palace women, eunuchs, Buddhist monks, and other personnel to the Mongols. Yuan envoys regularly visited Goryeo to procure women in the name of the emperor, who distributed them to leading ministers on many occasions. Almost 1,500 Korean women were noted as tribute in Yuan and Goryeo documents but the number was likely greater if including personal maids and servants who accompanied the women and others who were undocumented. One concubine who entered the Yuan court, Empress Gi, was instrumental in the popularization of Korean clothing, food, and lifestyle in the capital through her political command and incorporation of Korean females and eunuchs in the court. It became prestigious to marry Korean women among members of the Yuan elite. A native of Qingyuan named Nasen traveled to Khanbaliq in 1355 and wrote a poem comparing the poor existence of Chinese villagers to the life of luxury a Korean woman experienced in the capital.

[@josephphoenix1376]

Excellent Episode 👍

[@ilyonghwang7857]

Korean prince who is next in line to the throne will eventually surrender to Mongol prince who suppose not to become the next king. This was very smart move. This prince will end up defeating his older brother to become the king. And Korean prince ended up marrying one of princess of Mongol and he kept the title to rule Korea and keep its own custom. However Mongols demanded a lot of goods including women.

[@ElBandito]

Even the Sui, and Tang dynasties, with their million men armies couldn't take Korea, but the Mongols never gave up and eventually conquered them.

[@ElBandito]

@@marsaeternum1003 Goryeo would not have become a tribute paying vassal if the Mongols had not defeated their armies and ravaged their country so thoroughly. But yeah whatever floats your boat.

[@endjfcar]

But that tenacity and fierce resistance have earned Goryeo a lot of respect from the Mongolians, who decided not to fully overtake the country. Others were not so lucky.

[@luongo7886]

That is NOT true. The Mongols were eventually defeated because of the IMPORTANT contribution of the Great VIETNAMESE General Lý Long Tường who led the Koreans to FULL VICTORY against the Mongols TWICE!!! He DEFEATED the Mongols and forced them to SURRENDER TWICE!!

[@SeoWoojin55]

@@ElBanditothey never really defeated them though, and the Mongols also accepted the offer for peace because they were kinda embarrassed because 2 of their generals were killed in Korea and its very rare that Mongol generals die in battles against foreign adversaries. The Mongols respected Goryeo enough that domestically, the Emperor of Goryeo was still addressed as Emperor and was addressed as a King overseas. Also, the Mongols wouldnt state a kingdom as a son-in-law state if it didnt respect them enough. They didnt do the same for China and other countries. The Goryeo emperors wedded Mongol princesses which were the children of the Khan himself while some Mongol nobles, both men and women actually married Korean noblemen and women and settled down in Korea or Mongolia.

[@chinobandito7625]

@@SeoWoojin55Did both generals get shot by an arrow?

[@Ali-fx6jd]

Can we get a video oh Khitan- Goreyo wars? And the internal politics from Goreyo to the transition of Joseon dynasty olease 🙏

[@skyereave9454]

Yes please

[@moderatecanuck]

There is a drama about it on Viki. Waiting for it to be complete to watch

[@Ali-fx6jd]

@@moderatecanuck Yeah I know about that lol. I wasn't a big fan tho

[@deathstroke6190]

Sambyeolcho is the name of the unit that carried out the duties of the police and combat during the Goryeo Dynasty, which was specially selected and created instead of the existing weak standing army. It refers to Leftbyulcho, Rightbyulcho, and Sinuigun, which existed as soldiers of the Choi regime during the period of military power. During the period of supreme power, Nightbyulcho, which was engaged in police affairs for the purpose of security, was organized, and when the number increased, it was divided into Leftbyulcho and Rightbyulcho. It was called "Sam (Three) Byeolcho" along with the Sinui-gun, which was composed of those who fled after being captured by Mongolia. In the 40-year Goryeo Mongol War, military activities such as field, siege, guerrilla warfare, and special warfare were remarkable, but when Greater Mongolia was strengthened, they rebelled against this. After establishing an independent government and fighting for three years based on Jindo as the home, they were annihilated in 1273 after being attacked by the Allied Forces of Korea and Mongolia. Ghosts of Goryeo

[@Numba003]

This is an episode from history I knew pretty much nothing about before watching this video. I feel like Korea before the Cold War is quite a blind spot for me. Thank you for teaching me yet more new history. God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)

[@brokenbridge6316]

This was a nice story to listen too.

[@CatGaming0305]

kewl video :D

[@شهنشاه]

Please make a video on Ghurid Dynisty.... لطفا یک ویدیو در مورد سلسله غوریان بسازید.

[@theromanorder]

Please do a summary of all tactics used against the Mongols

[@Tamerlane92]

Why not Jin(金) but Jin(晉) there between Mongol and Goryeo?

[@kingkongkungkwang]

I know this has nothing to do with this video, but I just wanted to drop by and send all the love to our Mongolian brothers and sisters. The people of Korea love Mongolia!

[@Starbirthglow-il5io]

nice video what program did you use to create this i like the animation of movement

[@adamczerczak7746]

Hi, I really join your videos. Could you please do a video on Polish history like the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth? Thank you.

[@KingsandGenerals]

A couple of videos in the works

[@adamczerczak7746]

@@KingsandGenerals Thank you. Also, its worth looking at Lithuanian history since it's too interesting.

[@twofortydrifter]

One word: VIENNA. Lol.

[@The_Archmagos]

Let it be known that this video came directly above a Mongolian throat singing clip on my recommended. Also, good stuff

[@ishudshutup]

A very messy war for both sides. Would be interesting to know why the Mongols didn't just completely destroy the Korean court? Their usual response to any moderate resistance was to literally burn everything down to the ground. The Song dynasty also resisted for several decades but they got a much harsher treatment, total annihilation of the ruling class, not exchanging kids for marriage. Did the Mongols see the Koreans as related due to having the same language grammar structures?

[@skyereave9454]

It partly has to do with Goryeo choosing to surrender and partly the fact that that surrender didn't come after a large scale disastrous defeat like the seizing of the capital or the capture of important leaders. Some leaders were killed but the royal family was never caught. Basically, it was a peace agreement after a long series of extended invasions that were a huge drain on resources. Also, the Mongols have no practical way of occupying the peninsula long term. It takes a lot just to get to Korea. The distance doesn't look far but the terrain itself is terrible to pass through.

[@경수호-h4i]

몽골인들은 고대한국의 후손입니다

[@Isl33p]

Mongols and Koreans have similar folk religions, with Tengri(considered God in Mongolia) being one of the mystical founding fathers of Korea. Also, the Korean court and its army did not face total annihilation, with its most veteran troops being somewhat fully intact. So if the Mongols tried to burn everything down, then it would mean yet another war between Mongols and Koreans, which both sides did not want.

[@samsmith2635]

Rooting for Team Korea, what a bunch of Bosses

[@twofortydrifter]

Yea, they definitely punched above their weight throughout history. But they were too small. Always one bad administration away from subjugation and eventually, that's exactly what happened.

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

agree. kim is a great leader.

[@Gen.berseker25]

Can you cover the Platonic allegory of Altantis?

[@KingsandGenerals]

In what context?

[@Gen.berseker25]

@@KingsandGenerals in the political context!

[@KingsandGenerals]

@@Gen.berseker25 we have covered the Athenian democracy

[@Gen.berseker25]

@@KingsandGenerals thanks!

[@LaDerechaMexico]

Hello kings and generals, I enjoy your videos and have been watching for many years. I have a question. Will these patroon videos be available on KZbin one day?

[@KingsandGenerals]

Not sure

[@dr.j5642]

Koreans are the smart and persevering type, and have martial ability running through their veins. Not really ones you want to be picking wars with, because they are not the low hanging fruit they are often perceived as.

[@adamsnow4979]

The Koreans have never been leading force they have always clung to a bigger nation. In the past it was the Chinese dynasties, mongols and Japan now it is America

[@dr.j5642]

@@adamsnow4979 not true, in the times of Goguryeo they were an imperial power. The Sui more or less collapsed due to their wars against Goguryeo. When Hidyeoshi planned his invasion of Korea, many in his own court strongly advised against it, because, traditionally, Korea was seen as Japan’s senior in the hierarchy of East Asian power dynamics

[@ElBandito]

7:20 Mongols interfering and protecting those who resisted them is next level baseness.

[@박하사탕-b3o]

It is the time when Mongke Khan of Mongolia became a crucian carp, and the War of Succession of Kanwi (Tului Civil War) took place between Mongke's brothers Kublai and Arikbuka. The war came to an end when the Crown Prince of Goryeo, who was heading to Mongolia to end the 30-year war of nine invasions, met with Kublai, who would become the 5th Grand Khan, to discuss the end of the war. Upon returning home, the prince succeeded King Gojong, who ascended to the throne in July, and became King Wonjong. Kublai Khan is said to have been pleased that he was able to win the surrender of Goguryeo's descendants, who had not conquered even Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. At the time, Kublai was vulnerable to the challenge of his brother Arikbuka, who was a strong Kanwi rival and controlling the Caracorum. However, the fact that Goryeo, which is a significant successor to Goguryeo in the Manchuria region and is well known for its long-term resistance over 30 years, surrendered to him was a very sufficient and reasonable justification to advertise that it was qualified as a Great Khan. On top of that, Mongolian aristocrats represented by the three Eastern Kings of Manchuria, who were mobilized to invade Goryeo, sympathized with Kublai and not only held Kuriltai, but also became the 5th Grand Khan. They were able to surrender Aricbuka by cutting off the transportation route to the capital, Karakorum. Kublai Khan, who received grace from Wonjong, later claimed to be Wonjong's supporter when Wonjong was forcibly deposed by Imyeon and declared, "To harm the Goryeo king as a subject of Goryeo is to disrupt Jim's law." In addition, perhaps because of his political gain, Kublai signed the end of the war with Goryeo and accepted the Goryeo's demand that "it does not change the traditions and systems unique to Goryeo". In other words, Goryeo's independence was guaranteed. When the military regime fell, the Goryeo court officially returned to Gaegyeong in 1270, and the 39-year war came to an end when Wonjong officially joined the Mongolian palace in Karakorum and held talks with Kubilia Khan. Since then, Goryeo has proposed a marriage alliance to Mongolia, and Goryeo has become a country of Mongolian bu-ma-kuk(the country of one's son-in-law) when Crown Prince Wangsim, accepted by the Mongolian side and later became King Chungryol, married Borggin Kutulukelmisi (Princess of the Empire), the youngest daughter of Kublai Khan.

[@leesunwu5025]

The Korean Peninsula has long been invaded because it was in the worst position in terms of geopolitics. Chinese and Japanese aggression was the most common, and Mongolian aggression also left a big scar on the Korean Peninsula. Later, the small South Korean land was thoroughly destroyed by the invasion of North Korea(+ China and the Soviet Union) But China and Japan and USSR and N.Korea don't teach history realistically, so only a few locals know what they did. Nevertheless, South Korea is accepting most of the people from North Korea(defector) who invaded South Korea, and South Korea is also helping Ukraine, which was part of the Soviet Union.

[@tcut95]

All of these videos regarding defense against the Mongols makes me want to see a video about the real-life time period that Mulan is based around.

[@보라매21]

지금은 몽골이랑 사이좋아요😊

[@Robbie-xs8qj]

Anyone else enjoy playing as defensive Korea in Europa universalis 4?

[@도그-d1e]

The capital of Goryeo was Gaegyeong (Kaesong), not Hanseong (Seoul) at the time.

[@nobunagaoda9277]

Indeed and when the second invasion of Mongol-Korean war came then that's where the entire Korean army and citizens started to retreat to Gangwa Island, when Hongbok Won the Korean defector telled Mongolian Grand Marshel to order a attack a Korea for killing Mongol people in Korea, Than a epic battle begin Kim-Yeon-Wu killed an a ambush attack the Mongolian Grand Marshal got executed by a the Korean Buddhist Monks, that made Mongol-Korean war into a chaos.

[@unurbuyanerdenebat7516]

Cool

[@richardtabor8686]

ty for the content! always binge-able. xoxoxo

[@lerneanlion]

After watching these videos about how many nations out there defend themselves against the Mongols, I cannot helped but wondering what the Mongols at the time must have felt when their empire was crumbling apart around them as they are being forced to run back to live in the steppe.

[@twofortydrifter]

not trying to be a smartass, just trying to answer. That's not how the Mongol Empire ended. The decline was very slow and started with splitting into smaller empires first. Smaller pieces lasted for centuries. The Crimean Tatars were there until the 20th century.

[@lerneanlion]

@@twofortydrifter I know that. But I just wondered how they felt about being defeated by those who they conquered.

[@twofortydrifter]

@@lerneanlion that would be difficult to say. The descendants were the ones who witnessed the fall, and they were usually absorbed into the local culture by then.

[@rizkyadiyanto7922]

people barely able to read, let alone know their history.

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Nah pretty much mongol despised the Royal Family (kublaid borjigin) because they pretty much got sinicized and spend time more in Beijing(khanbaliq) than Karakorum.

[@마라훠궈-n2q]

If you have held out long enough against an enemy you cannot defeat anyway, surrendering at the optimal time is also an ability.

[@이가람-s3w]

Koryeo fought for 28 years, and in the end, prince allied himself with Kubelai when he was competing for Khan. Later, he kept bothering him asking if he could send his daughter to marry his son, where khan rejected by saying all his daughters married someone else... but he eventually got the marrage deal by finding one who didnt marry yet lol

[@Gravitygrvity]

Goryeo surrendered to the Mongols and was under Mongol rule for only 80 years, but it had a tremendous impact on modern times. As Mongolia ruled China, they continued to ask for Korean women forced in large numbers. As a result, many korean women dragged to China which ruled by Mongol. So a kind of Korean Wave emerged in China at the time, and the Korean Wave at this time was called 'Goryeoyang' by Chinese. Chinese Han women followed the clothing of Goryeo women. And... these days... The Chinese Communist Party claims that the origins of Korean traditional clothing are in China, based on the 'Goryeoyang' worn by Chinese Han Chinese women for 80 years. As a result, the relationship between the two countries deteriorated extremely. For thousands of years, China has worn one-piece clothing and Korea has worn two-piece clothing as outerwear. The clothes of the two groups are very different. In its long history, it has only been 80 years since the Chinese copied Korean clothes. As of this era, China is claiming that Korea's hanbok is Chinese clothing... well... it's always like that, always... And Mongolia's forcible deportation of Korean women remains a collective trauma in Korea and is still the subject of numerous dramas and movies. On the other hand, the relationship between modern Mongolia and Korea could not be better. Despite a history marred by bloodshed, plunder, and massacre, the two countries quickly became closer through cultural kinship through a legacy of cultural exchange during that 80 years. And Just as China is trying to steal Korea's traditional culture, also stealing Mongolia's identities and also their Genghis Khan. This is another reason why Mongolia is close to Korea.

[@FreePalestine1966]

Hm.. nah

[@gagida1829]

what do you mean 'Mongol rule' smh.

[@jackyong1401]

李成桂向中国皇帝朱元璋请求赐予国号，朱元璋赐予国号：朝鲜，意为朝日鲜明之国，于是朝鲜成为明朝附庸国，向明朝进贡。衣冠服饰是一个国家文明的标志，作为宗主国，中国赐予朝鲜一整套中国服饰制度，基本上都是按儒家的典章制度，这其实是一种恩宠和激励，正是因为这些赐服，朝鲜对明朝更加忠诚。朝鲜官员穿着的官府仿明朝式样，朝鲜国王穿的是明朝藩王的服饰，颜色为朱红色身上的龙其实叫蟒，龙有五爪，蟒只有四爪，朝鲜王胆敢穿五爪那就是谋反。当然不止明朝，历朝历代（清朝除外）朝鲜衣冠都是仿中原式样，就连女装名称都叫唐衣，意思是唐国（中国唐朝）的衣服。明朝万历时期日本丰臣秀吉入侵朝鲜明朝派水陆军入朝击败日军，朝鲜更是感恩戴德，称明朝对朝鲜有再造之恩。现在的南朝鲜已经沦为美国殖民地，对历史一无所，知数典忘祖的子孙后代更是非常反华，也可能是极度自卑企图将中国的东西据为己有，也可能是废除汉字之后南朝鲜人对自己的历史一无所知，真是无知者无畏呀

[@jackyong1401]

李成桂向中国皇帝朱元璋请求赐予国号，朱元璋赐予国号：朝鲜，意为朝日鲜明之国，于是朝鲜成为明朝附庸国，向明朝进贡。衣冠服饰是一个国家文明的标志，作为宗主国，中国赐予朝鲜一整套中国服饰制度，基本上都是按儒家的典章制度，这其实是一种恩宠和激励，正是因为这些赐服，朝鲜对明朝更加忠诚。朝鲜官员穿着的官府仿明朝式样，朝鲜国王穿的是明朝藩王的服饰，颜色为朱红色身上的龙其实叫蟒，龙有五爪，蟒只有四爪，朝鲜王胆敢穿五爪那就是谋反。当然不止明朝，历朝历代（清朝除外）朝鲜衣冠都是仿中原式样，就连女装名称都叫唐衣，意思是唐国（中国唐朝）的衣服。明朝万历时期日本丰臣秀吉入侵朝鲜明朝派水陆军入朝击败日军，朝鲜更是感恩戴德，称明朝对朝鲜有再造之恩。现在的南朝鲜已经沦为美国殖民地，对历史一无所，知数典忘祖的子孙后代更是非常反华，也可能是极度自卑企图将中国的东西据为己有，也可能是废除汉字之后南朝鲜人对自己的历史一无所知，真是无知者无畏呀

[@Namu89-q3d]

I agree with you about your national costume. Even before the establishment of the Mongol Empire (1206), the Mongols wrote in their historical scriptures that the people of Koryo, both male and female, wore clothes "like a pregnant woman". This may not sound pleasant to you, but it is a small fact that exposes that China is making up false history. It is not surprising that the Ming Dynasty which was founded in 1368 after the Great Yuan Dynasty of Mongolia, copied Korean culture. Even now, the China still copies from all over the world 😂😅😂

[@토론배틀tv]

Defence is Korea's specialty through out history.

[@willy-yum5820]

Not in the 20th Century… Japanese Occupation for how many decades? 🧐 Not to mention the Korean War, which split the country in 2 (3?)

[@토론배틀tv]

@@willy-yum5820 Modern paradigm shift was just an exception . When modern vs premodern crashing , the conclusion is obvious. But if modern korea vs modern japan, the conclusion would be far different.

[@mimorisenpai8540]

​@@willy-yum5820Japanese annexed Korea through treaty

[@gagida1829]

​@@willy-yum5820bro actually thinks Japan took over Korea by war

[@infolover_68]

Koreans really got a knack for strongly resisting invaders, being these Mongolians, Chinese, or Japanese...

[@chappy3125]

Please do one on the Korean 3 Kingdoms: Proto-Korean states battling it out for dominance is just such a dynamic period imo and would definitely intrigue K&G viewers (it is a very long period of time though but even a gloss of the period would be 🤌🤌🤌)

[@nobunagaoda9277]

Ohh. I know this episode it was from the South Korean Channel called MBCDrama named 무신/Warrior k 19 to 56 episodes. As a South Korean, I just wanted to say that Mooshin Jungeon ended when the final ruler Kim Jun died by the Emperor Wonjongs rebels in the imperial palace in the late 12th century. Also, you forgot to mention that Korean general Choe-Chungmyng was with Kim-Kyongson, the mongol general ordered Choe-Chungmyng, and be executed by a Mongol General Bu-Ta-Wu after the first Mongol-Korean war was over.

[@Sup_bro23]

Japan had the ocean and Korea (in particular North Korea) had its mountainous terrain to help defend against the Mongols, which makes sense because they are steppe nomads who perfected fighting on flat, grassy plains

[@chestnutchh132]

You are wrong. It has nothing to do with ocean. It’s the Japanese samurais. Mongols were no match against the Samurais. It recorded that 1 Samurai = 5 Mongols

[@Sup_bro23]

@@chestnutchh132 ?? The mongols we’re out of their element by making their cavalry based army engage in amphibious warfare while samurai were good infantry fighters defending their home court

[@mimorisenpai8540]

Still pretty hard for mongol to conquered Japan even if they successfully landing because Japan are just mountainous like korea. Only thing they can do to success for Japanese campaign are to improve their navy and upgrade their infantry troops.

[@ykokog1813]

I agree with you. During the Goryeo Dynasty, Kaema Plateau and Amnok River played an important role in defending Korea from nomadic Empire attacks. A typical example is Goryeo - Khitan War.

[@ykokog1813]

Of course, it wasn't just because of the terrain. At that time, Korea's population density was high and it was possible to conscript large-scale troops if necessary. Because of this, the country defended its territory against Chinese countries several times, and until Hideyoshi's invasion, the Chinese viewed Korea as a country with a high military power and difficult to occupy. However, when Korea's defense line quickly collapsed due to Japan's attack, the dispatched Ming Dynasty generals reprimanded Koreans, saying they only read books and were not as strong as their ancestors. He even said that several times.

[@MichaelSmith-ij2ut]

As someone who has driven back the gawdam Mongorians from my city wall, this video really appealed to me

[@markusforsberg6741]

Mongolians not mongorians.!