How Our Coastlines Will Change

How did Earth get its coastlines? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice explore prehistoric coastlines, the Ice Age, and why Florida is temporary. Why does the shape of the coastline change?
Learn about the continental shelf and how the Ice Age impacted the oceans. What did Earth’s coastlines look like during the Ice Age? Find out about the Bering Strait Land Bridge and how early humans may have used it to cross into the Americas. We discuss how civilization grew in stable climate and how that will change over time.
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Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #neildegrassetyson
00:00 - Introduction: Coastlines
00:25 - What Do Coastlines Change?
1:43 - What is the Ice Age?
2:55 - The Bering Land Bridge
5:05 - Human Civilization v. The Climate
9:35 - Closing: Redrawing the Map

[@StarTalk]

If you saw the first version of this upload, no you didn’t...

[@harshsharma7154]

Haha lol 😂

[@ojmatthew]

lol I was about to ask the problem with the previous version? It was unavailable when I finally decided to press play.

[@chrism3784]

it showed up on my recommendations, clicked it, then it went away before had chance to play, this one is a second shorter. did you omit a bad word?

[@chrism3784]

did Chuck say something bad? lol

[@PeterKertesz2013]

Haha when the water level reached the left elbow the world ended and the video disappeared..

[@jjsavior]

I don't get people who get on Chuck. He is consistently funny. Very respectful, and doesn't constantly interject in an annoying manner like other comedians they have worked with. Some of those guys are nonstop, and the scientist can barely get a word in. Chuck usually interjects with well placed, well-timed humor. But the best thing about Chuck is, there are moments, where he really shows his intelligence outside of his quick whit, and either says things or sums things up very well.Just had to say that after seeing people disrespect him in other videos.

[@PssszztYo]

Chuck is the man

[@KermitOfWar]

​@@PssszztYo Chuck is the man, man.

[@blinda9548]

Chuck is awesome ❤

[@THEsoulquarian]

Agreed. Dude is dope and actually adds value to the show.

[@vansdan.]

love chuck ❤

[@RachelColleen-iv8rd]

Hallelujah!!!! The daily jesus devotional has been a huge part of my transformation, God is good 🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻🙌🏻was owning a loan of $47,000 to the bank for my son's brain surgery (David), Now I'm no longer in debt after I invested $8,000 and got my payout of m $270,500 every months,God bless Chloe Linda Henderson 🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸..

[@TommyPoss-vo4hs]

Hello how do you make such monthly ?? I'm a born Christian and sometimes I feel so down 🤦 of myself because of low finance but I still believe in God.

[@WalterChristian-kb4us]

Thanks to my co-worker (Alex) who suggested Ms Chloe Linda Henderson.

[@PatriciaKevin-vn5fr]

She's a licensed broker in the states 🇺🇸

[@PatriciaKevin-vn5fr]

Great to see you guys talking about her, she changed the game for me.

[@KathrynGareth]

After I raised up to 325k trading with her I bought a new House and a car here in the states 🇺🇸🇺🇸 also paid for my son's surgery (Oscar). Glory to God.shalom.

[@YaShaheed]

Hats off to Chuck. Quick-witted and very funny. Great chemistry between the pair of you. From London 🇬🇧

[@MzeeMoja1]

I’m not wearing a hat 😔

[@YaShaheed]

@@MzeeMoja1 mzee hana kofia?

[@matttakahashi8283]

Put your hat back on, nobody wants to see that.

[@lk8856]

Oh baloney. Climate change is intended to induce panic.

[@emmanuelgutierrez8616]

He made me laugh a lot on this one.

[@timstorey7915]

I too didn’t appreciate Chuck at first. But I didn’t realize he was a comedian and have come to enjoy his humor. Sometimes he also adds some clarity to the technical discussions. Chuck is a pretty smart guy and pretty entertaining as well. I think Chuck is a good counterbalance to Neil.

[@vulcanfeline]

i've been watching this channel for years and impressed with how much chuck has learned

[@labbeaj]

Realize they both actors...

[@D.A.OhK.]

​@@labbeajSure. Everything's a performance. Are you trying to discredit an astrophysicist because he has a career in outreach?

[@labbeaj]

@@D.A.OhK. Discredit, no, however actors do act.

[@HotSauce-mn1mp]

@@labbeajyou clowns stay coming onto Neil’s vids with the fuckery. Go be a hater elsewhere

[@SheezyShef]

I love how Neil makes these topics fun and digestible... kudos Dr. Tyson and Lord Nice

[@michaelbyrnee9584]

Yeah, the flooding of the Earth's coastlines is hilarious!

[@firstnamelastname9215]

@@michaelbyrnee9584it’s inevitable so laugh or go crazy your pick

[@Phoenix-in-flight]

Nothing like fun and digestible human habitat destruction I always say. 😂

[@mobrule9065]

These dudes are racist clowns! Both cry babies probably own beach front properties 🤣

[@labbeaj]

It makes it easier to digest the propaganda.

[@paragsj]

Chuck is the best comedians to appear on Startalk. He appropriates the amount of jokes to keep things interesting related to the topic and not make it about him. You’re the best Chuck 👍👍👍

[@gregorybower9498]

and an excellent and clever example of that was him equating Florida's elevation to his own height plus an inch. loved it!

[@STDavis-em1df]

Chuck Plus an Inch is a standard unit of measurement, thank you.

[@blkmtl96]

Shall we call it one ChuckBit

[@Neotenyx]

Americans using anything but meters😂

[@mattpellico5255]

Fathom that!

[@DustinDawind]

Can someone please convert that to smoots?

[@williamwilkins8037]

This is why I love you guys. Individually I knew all that but I've never really put it together in my head and really thought about it. Another great explainer!

[@TheChromeRonin]

I live in Wellington, New Zealand, but my house is in the suburbs of the hills 138m above. Just a few meters of sea level rise would swamp our entire central city, and storm surge would take care of the rest. Im sure it's the same elsewhere. That's MILLIONS of people displaced in a couple of generations.

[@bigcity2085]

....and they're already getting displaced by famine, low water tables and war. Pick a safe spot.

[@pearlyung]

In 1 generation. A couple of decades!!!

[@samsonau8205]

I live close to the glaciers in the Canadian Rockies. We're supposed to have a few hundred years of ice pack to stock our water supplies at current melt levels (see Columbia Glacier...which I have seen retreating all my life during family visits since I was 3). The retreat of the glacier is pretty dramatic. But, there are still hundreds of meters of ice up high. When flying to the coast, you can still see lots of white (and clear cuts). I don't know how much water that would equate to if all melted into the ocean. To the south in Montana, the Grinnell Glacier was pretty famous when I was a kid and now it is completely gone. The past few years have seen rainfall dwindle and we're expecting a crazy dry year. Farmers are bracing for drought. Our skies have turned red a few times with all the forest fires. Crossing my fingers for mother nature to be nice to us.

[@BuhNanaz]

"Crossing my fingers for mother nature to be nice to us" Sadly, she doesn't owe us any favors. But I hope she is nonetheless.

[@anothermouth7077]

Man that's sad and scary, praying for you

[@josee.torres764]

Saddly a "crude" reality we have to deal with. Here in the Caribbean I'm not that "optimistic" at all. Most of the island have little beach coast. So, we have to move to the central mountains to survive. All the cities at the coast well be gone and most likely half of the population at least. About 44 towns (about half of the population.... 1.5M persons) are at the coast line. Mother nature didn't have VIP's for nobody, so everybody should be taking steps toward our survival as in humans for the generations to come, regardless of the place on the earth you live. My two cents....

[@samsonau8205]

I live on higher ground, so I rely on coastal people to tell me their experiences of water rise. I see ice shrinkage. The result is typically dryness/drought. It is interesting to hear deniers say that the coasts are not flooding when homeowners are saying otherwise.

[@fauxque5057]

​@@samsonau8205I live 8 miles from the beach and the only thing that has changed is the amount of 24 story condos they've built along the coast line. They aren't afraid to spend billions building along the Coast. We also noticed yesterday that we have 2 new Islands reappearing in the Indian River that we can see crossing the bridge. The Indian River and the Banana Rivers are both fed from the Atlantic Ocean and are considered brackish rivers because they also are fed from fresh water sources. What I have noticed is the normal twice annual flooding around Miami that is caused by the King Tide is now being used as evidence of riding seas due to Climate Change. Those annual events have been occuring long before Climate Change was cool. The Florida Keys are all still there and haven't shrunk in size. It's always the Coast of the Continental US that's going under water and never Hawaii

[@invisibledimensions]

My late uncle worked for NOAA, he went out on Navy ships (as a civilian) and mapped the ocean floors.

[@joekenorer]

That's pretty awesome, is that why we have ocean floor maps on everything now?

[@TheHierophantCanon]

This is my job now!! It's an amazing thing to see and do. You'd be surprised at what is in our oceans.

[@owensingh]

There is no Startalk without Chuck ❤

[@hopefulskeptic42]

Oh, come on now. Neil is a pretty funny guy on his own. 😉

[@kryptoart87]

I live 4 blocks from the ocean in Daytona Beach and have been here for 6 years now. When I moved here there was a very long sandy beach to cross before getting to the water. Now on most days there is no beach. The water goes all the way to the buildings retaining walls. All I'm gonna say is I'm happy I'm renting not owning.

[@funwithmagnus8570]

Beaches have to be maintained, even rebuilt after serious enough weather or they'll wash away.

[@Cancelthis1541]

Ever heard of erosion

[@bigcity2085]

The insurance companies that leave, do so for a reason. Then some place you would think safe ,like Colorado, gets kerbango'd with giant hail and everybody gets a new roof. Prolly way cheaper still, than a hurricane. Florida is going to be bizarre....there'll be islands and swamps everywhere.(well - even more than now.

[@kryptoart87]

@@bigcity2085 yup just enjoying it while it's still here but ive made peace that it'll me very different in our lifetime.

[@user-mb9zx9lg7p]

maybe it eroded away in the ocean level didn't really rise did you ever think of that

[@vwdrvrfoundat420]

In Tacoma,Wa. ,they just spent a lot of money ,moving the parking,bbq pits ,bathrooms, and concessions 30 ft. Up the hill due to water level rise. Point Defiance Park...Owen's beach.

[@user-mb9zx9lg7p]

Penny's compared to what your leaders want to do

[@mickylawless1941]

​@@user-mb9zx9lg7pwhat do they want to do?

[@adarsh4764]

All the expensive sea facing hotel and luxury apartments will become obsolete by 2050 because all the roads and parking lots will practically be permanently flooded by that time.

[@Deanjgallagher]

​@@adarsh4764 No they wont

[@fauxque5057]

​@@adarsh4764We were taught in school that by the year 2000 the entire US would be underwater except for the mountain tops, and the Statue of Liberty would be up to her chest. 24 years past that date and it still hasn't happened, and they're still making new predictions. Only this time the deadline is the year 2100 when most living people old enough to remember will all be dead

[@user-to1jk9ll4c]

Through a different lens, in the same time, but a different location… this video would be viewed as inappropriate. Much love to you both. Keep it going.

[@easyb622]

This was a very good episode. Also, whether you believe In climate change or not, the ocean water is rising. The scary thing about this event is it’s happening very quick now. There are some things going on that I thought wouldn’t happen for another 30 to 40 years but it’s happening now.

[@user-mb9zx9lg7p]

very quickly you better run

[@angeloavanti2538]

Florida. Newly wed or nearly dead. I watched jetties, and beaches disappear in a matter of a decade. I've seen the ocean meet the lagoon during numerous storms in Florida. I've been an avid climate watcher and weather observer for many decades. It has been heart breaking. Move the museum now.

[@bigcity2085]

My buddy who used to live in W.Palm said the water down there has gotten disgusting....and diving and fishing is what he lived for. Now the fish are going goofy all over the Keys. Used to pick up garbage by fishing spots in the Keys. That was where we came out of the water from a dive and the amount of beer cans in the water was ...insane ( plus they look a lot bigger down there.) I've been all over the country and I've seen garbage in some of the most pristine places. It gets one furious. No worries; the planet will clean it all up ...in time...

[@BillGreenAZ]

The ocean level is rising at less than 4 millimeters per year. In a decade that would be 4 centimeters. Beaches and jetties aren't disappearing because the ocean level is rising. It's more likely they are being eroded due to waves.

[@bigcity2085]

@@BillGreenAZ The rise varies around the world, it varies due to geography,and a myriad of other factors....where you live it; you see it....but hey, when it's outa sight and outa mind - it's nothing. To coastal cities;it's something to be planned for. Just look at high tide. Is it the same everywhere ? nope. The geography can raise the water up a lot more in certain places, but yes; sand bars come and go, appear and disappear all the time. The beaches of Long Island get washed away all the time now, and they have to bring in new sand. How would millimeters do that.

[@MoreOnEVs]

I live in the house I grew up in North of Boston on the coast. My backyard never flooded when I was a kid in the 80s and 90s unless there was a massive storm. Now it juuuust peeks up the storm drain on an astronomical high tide, and floods 10-15 times per year with pretty run of the mill storms. Not a good trend and it’s really going to be a big economic problem, in addition to the ecological problem

[@gabkoost]

No ecological issues at all. Sea levels have gone up and down before and ecosystems were fine. And gradual sea rise is a massive economical oportunity. And it might help create new more efficient cities over the oudated ones we have now.

[@MoreOnEVs]

@@gabkoostI suppose sea level rise alone isn’t an ecological problem. Unfortunately, rapidly rising ocean temperatures and dropping pH levels are causing problems. Sea level rises and falls naturally, but it isn’t supposed to be this fast

[@easyb622]

The sea level is rising too fast right now to even say some of these cities. Some of these cities may have to be abandoned in the near future

[@Kamamura2]

@@gabkoost Yeah, corporations will make a lot of money on coffins and funerals. Also - soylent green, once the climate change wrecks agriculture.

[@shnilikmw]

⁠@@gabkoost that’s a simplistic view. Raising sea levels have destroyed climates and ecosystems because high sea levels doesn’t mean more water in the ocean saline levels will be affected disrupting currents and natural recycled energy in the ocean through water density, water temperature and more. We already seeing excessive algal growth when depriving ecosystems of water killing entire communities of marine life. Coral reefs are bleaching from increasing acidity and temperature in the oceans which provide shelter and food for a literal entire ecosystem. You can’t improve anything, if our environment is changing too fast for us to adapt. Not to mention, the loss of coastlines would render so many homeless and hungry, if not dead.

[@alainrouleau]

Just to add... It's not just the melting of sea ice or glaciers that's causing the rise in sea levels. Something like 30% to 40% is caused by thermal expansion. As heat gets trapped, and the oceans warm up, the volume of water expands.

[@Hiphop_Love]

Nobody asked you Otis 🤣🤣🤣 just/k

[@labbeaj]

"Aircraft fly through existing clouds and inject the tiny particles, like silver iodide," What about the above? Why doesn't anybody address the elephant in the room?

[@lesliefranklin1870]

Note that it's not just melting of land ice. It's also expansion of ocean water when it gets hotter.

[@Delt4_Cr4wfish]

That's not factoring in atmospheric water or more iner land water. The planet gets warmer, and the atmosphere will be able to hold more water, and the land will accumulate more water in rivers, lakes, deserts, and life.

[@FunSlinger620]

@@Delt4_Cr4wfish As sea level rises, those inner lakes and rivers holding more water will also be covering over more land.

[@Delt4_Cr4wfish]

@FunSlinger620 Not necessarily. Places like deserts would soak up much of the water. Through new plant life and water vapor. Places like desert and the polls hold little to no water in their atmosphere. Much of the water would become ground water as well. Not to mention, ice expands. Much of the ice has trapped gasses, dabree, etc, inflating the ice size.

[@Thought_Processing_]

There is also the fact that the sheer weight of ice on Antarctica actually pushes the rock down into the mantle so the continent of Antarctica will rise up in elevation which will displace even more water.

[@glennschemitsch8341]

Water only expands when it freezes.sorry

[@TheOldHippiebilly]

To those of you trying to use the "ice cubes in a glass of water" analogy-- you obviously weren't paying attention. Re-watch the video and LISTEN this time. 🙄

[@Ecclesia_]

Indeed. That analogy is only logical if the ice is already floating on the water (as in a glass). But Greenland and Antarctica are land masses with ice on top. The ice has zero influence on the water as it is now. But that can (and most likely will) change big time...

[@EnthusiasticTent-xt8fh]

Hmm, They have no idea what they are talking about.

[@paulgriese8243]

The great scientific genius of Rush Limbaugh used that "ice cube" dreck in his dreadful nonsense of global warming bashing. I wish I could have confronted him in his radio studio with a big plate of water, put a big block of ice, as big as Shaquille O'Neal's show box, leaving about 10% of ice above water, set so the water level is up at the top of the plate edge, and leave it that way overnight. Now see what happens when you arrive next day. A big ol' mess to wipe up off your desk, Rush!

[@tom7471]

@@EnthusiasticTent-xt8fh No, that would be you who knows nothing.

[@EnthusiasticTent-xt8fh]

@tom7471 I don't know much; but, I'm smart enough to know that the land mass moves up and down and climate alarmists are not. They have no way to measure sea level accurately. At best they have a margin of error of 60 to 100 millimeters on an LEO satellite.

[@kareno7792]

Great. Thirty some odd years ago I moved from north Jersey to Florida ....... Always nice to see Neil and Chuck, they're a great team.

[@relaxchill5859]

We all know that Neil is brilliant. I believe Chuck was added to reach a larger audience so When the smart intelligent teacher and the funny student are conjured together you get Startak. Spreading informative information to the world...

[@MadeInArt13]

Love Chuck's enthusiasm every time I see him on a programme.

[@dawnhansen7886]

I Love StarTalk ❤ I am grateful for Your existence. Educational Entertainment to the MAX ❕️

[@HunterLynch333]

The chemistry is beautiful between you two. I absolutely love it.

[@evelyntodd9946]

Living in Kansas it's hard for me to understand. I expect we will see more people moving in. The majority moving to my town are from the north east. Move now when land prices are average. If wait be prepared to pay through the nose.

[@danlittle447]

Just moved to Cali after living Manhattan Kansas lol

[@jmodified]

My house is four miles from the coast and 35 feet above sea level, with a drop to 25 above sea level at the end of the back yard. There should be a long period of time when it's beachfront property, but not until the year 2400 or so.

[@jmodified]

@@jennifermarlow. It will rise about a foot by 2050. Except in flat low-lying areas, that won't be a big problem. Hawaii is not very flat. It will only lose a tiny bit of coastline. The real acceleration in sea level rise will start after that, probably about a three foot rise by 2100. If you are in your twenties, I wouldn't buy a forever home six feet above sea level.

[@BStreet666]

StarTalk Radio. Came for Neil, stayed for Chuck.

[@stabilini]

So... Atlantis may have been built in an early (lost) coast line

[@TheBiggreenpig]

If it were, it would already be found. It would stand out on satellite images.

[@reinforcedpenisstem]

Not when it was written about

[@thejuanderful]

It has been theorized that the legend of Atlantis came from stories of the end of the ice age.

[@tannhauser5399]

@@thejuanderful - Not just Atlantis. Plenty of old myths and stories about the Flood, a lot from different cultures around the globe too. And later stories from ancient Akakdian myths such as story of Astra-Hasis, are just remnants of much older texts. Later on, they become part of story of Noe and his Ark (which is based on the Akkadian story and Utnapishtim). Myths and legends. Mostly... verbal. As a lot of writing, knowledge - was probably lost during that time. All was left was the "legends and myths" at the end. You also have underwater old structures all around the planet, for example close to Japan, but also plenty other places if you read about it. So, definitely something has happened during the last ice age, as the date of about 12K years ago is poping out quite often here and there in various myths, but also professional literature. And in a way, we actually know what has happened (or may have) - from the astronomy. Most likely some kind of meteor strikes, not just one, but multiple, small/large impacts on the ice polar caps too, lasting many years. At the end, quite large catastrophe, that most likely destroyed civilizations at that time, destroyed any possible coastal town/cities (whoever they were). And at some point the process was fast, especially after hitting the existing ice caps and melting of water (and more). I would suggest to start with something like the basic research: "Paleolitic Extinction and the Taurid Complex", by W.M. Napier, from Cardiff Centre for Astrobiology, Cardiff University, 2 North Road, Cardiff CF10 3DY, from Feb 2010 (Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Mon.Not.R.Astron.Soc.405,1901-1906(2010)). Quotes from the above reasearch: "Intersection with the debris of a large (50-100km) short-period comet during the Upper Paleolithic, provides a satisfactory explanation for the catastrophe of celestian origin which has been postulated to have occured around 12900 BP, and which presaged a return to ice age conditions of duration of about 1300 yr. The Taurid Complex appears to be the debris of this erswhile comet..." "The sudden onset of the Younger Dryas cooling 12900 yr ago was marked by intense wildfires over North America, major distruption of human culture, and the rapid extinction of 35 genera of Noth American mammals (Faith & Surovell 2009). A thin lcarbon-rich black layer of this age has been identified at many sites across North America (Haynes 2008), coincident in age with the Younger Dryas Boundary. Recently, several geochemical markers at this layer have been presented which seem to indicate that a major extraterrestial event was involved in these events (Firestone et al.2007; Firestone 2009)." And then it list the markers such as: nondiamonds, soot, microspherules and magnetic grains (giving description of the research and further academic references for each of those). But to be honest, plenty of other researches too, even from sources not related to astronomy. But the above would be a good starting point. Edit: Added more quotes from the research, from Cardiff University. Plus some grammar/spelling check.

[@shivamanand5459]

How he everytime gets Chuck on time whenever he has some new topic to shoot and educate us on. We are so fond with both of them seeing them together for years and years that it feels like Chuck lives beside Neil. And yeah Chuck's presence makes video more light and more fun educating. ❤

[@StrawberryIce50]

Love this duo. Learn so much from StarTalk, it really gives me the thirst for the unknown

[@ManishSaini-sd1qo]

Neil is a good combination of scientist and comedian😅😅

[@merickful]

Comedientist

[@rgp8038]

And bullshitter.

[@TowserTx]

Love the show!

[@theduder2617]

Good explainers and/or explainers on important topics get multiple plays upon first click. They get return visits most times I am online looking for something to watch and often times learn/refresh upon. I am the type who could have sat through certain lessons in grade school more than once. But NEVER did I ever remind any teacher about a quiz or test. I wanted to learn, but I wasn't crazy. lol

[@GabrielCuadrosCaceres89]

i love franklin finbar, he was a awesome collegue of doctor smolder bravestone, now he continues his journey on physiscs and travel the journey to the stars with neil degrasse tyson!! im learning a lot with this duo, thanks you from peru for this initiative!!!!

[@fernandogarajalde4066]

@Chuck: take comfort in the fact that most of Central and Southern NJ will become a huge lake while Northern NJ becomes a peninsula where most of us live. 😎

[@luislucas3521]

Question - by loosing Florida the golf becomes fully part of the Atlantic. What happens to the earth weather and ocean currents? And so on.....?😮

[@HighTide_808]

I like this question!

[@bradheath4200]

Greetings gentlemen. Another great video. I truly enjoy "explainer" shows. Even if I feel that I already understand the topic, you guys provide enough extra icing on the cake that I always learn something. And don't go full diabetic from too much frosting. Lol Well done. And cudos to your crew. Researchers, camera wranglers and editing staff, not to mention all the extra work, often get left in the dark unknown. Here's a shot of Kentucky Bourbon for you all. 🥃

[@pmccray551]

Love these two. They make the subject matter interesting and enjoyable. New sub and 👍🏾

[@susanfanning9480]

I live at the top of arctic Alaska . 30 years ago, my house was 8 feet above sea level . Now my house is 7 feet above sea level. The shore is 50 yards from my house. Kivalina village had to move the whole village almost. It was on a spit. The land is going away.

[@michaelyoung1681]

Oh how I wish I lived in Alaska!!!❤

[@syedarmaghanhassan4652]

Very cool choice of topic guys! Gimme some mo Geography stuff! ❤👍🏼

[@44bonkers]

Shout Out to Neil and Chuck, much love and respect to these brothers. Great program, learning so much.

[@johnsheehan5109]

One thing you missed about Florida is saltwater intrusion into the local aquifers which has already occurred and will get worse by orders of magnitude because it's just a limestone island,

[@imtheeastgermanguy5431]

Can you just plant mangroves they protect the coast and even can turn seawater into fresh water water

[@roberth721]

​​@@imtheeastgermanguy5431the salt water intrudes because of drawing out too much fresh water for our use, similar problem in a lot of heavily populated coasts. Planting mangroves is helpful for erosion control so still useful.

[@brycehuff]

6:10 I’m pretty sure the people in Mexico City would take issue with this statement that all major historical cities are on coastlines.

[@BillGreenAZ]

There are many others as well. Moscow enters the conversation.

[@a.y.greyson9264]

But wasn’t Mexico City once located in the center of a massive lake before it was drained by the Spanish.

[@brycehuff]

@@a.y.greyson9264 As I understand it was a network of many lakes, and islands in those lakes, but still at high enough elevation as to avoid sinking under rising sea levels.

[@hopefulskeptic42]

That list that Mexico City is on is a 'very' short one.

[@rajathr7217]

Hello guys ! Watching it for the second time coz you re uploaded

[@StarTalk]

Thanks for your support!

[@ojmatthew]

What was different the first time?

[@StarTalk]

Nothing but an export error!

[@userrnoise2777]

Conspiracy starts in 3..2..1.​@@StarTalk

[@naruto12270]

I have adult ADHD and Niel’s teaching makes it so fun and easy to focus🤣

[@faustoutloud]

I Absolutely Love Star Talk. Neil Is The Smartest Man Alive. 😊

[@thepalereaper7331]

Good explainer

[@that_heretic]

So the "Clovis first, land bridge" hypothesis is probably not the full story, there's evidence of settlement in the Americas that pre-dates the land bridge being de-glaciered. They also almost certainly used large canoes during migration. It's neat, look into it!

[@jennifermarlow.]

Heying & Weinstein touch on that in their book, reading it now.

[@Quandryification]

Absolutely frightening news presented in a really fun package. Love these 2.

[@davidkalmykov7811]

Great episode, please make more content about geography

[@riparianlife97701]

No one says an eclipse won't happen when one is predicted. It's the one time everyone believes scientists.

[@stellarwind1946]

One of those things happens every couple years

[@bill_tube]

I predict the sun will come up tomorrow. Therefore, I can also predict that when we find Planet Claire, all the trees will be red and no one will have a head.

[@riparianlife97701]

@@bill_tube Face it. Predicting when and where an eclipse will be many years out is impressive AF. Infinitely harder than saying "There will be eclipses".

[@riparianlife97701]

@@stellarwind1946 Where, and what day and time?

[@TheLadymiss22]

I don’t think eclipses are predicted. It’s not like a 45% chance for one showing up.

[@radianman]

The problem is not only the additional volume of water melting into the ocean, the heating of the oceans will cause the water to expand, further raising the surface level. The melting of the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets will also eliminate their reflection of sunlight and expose dark waters that will instead absorb sunlight and convert it to heat, further warming the oceans and again raising sea levels. Increased sea levels also means increased tides and storm surges, which dramatically increases erosion. Hotter ocean mean more frequent and powerful storms, again with higher storm surges. I was raised in Bermuda, which lies in the North Atlantic Ocean about 600 miles of the Coast of North Carolina. Growing up there we learned about the five glacial and interglacial periods that have successively inundated and revealed the archipelago, allowing coral colonies to form and then destroying them and eroding them to sand, then forming limestone. Currently Bermuda is comprised of 9 majors islands and more than 100 islets that together have a total landmass of about 22 square miles. However, during the peak of a glacial period the entire summit of the Bermuda Rose is exposed revealing a single island of 200 square miles (plus Argus and Challenger Banks. Over the past 150 million years since Bermuda formed this has happened five times if I recall correctly, and the islands are of course presently shrinking. Bermuda is comprised of a relatively soft limestone cap sitting on top of an extinct submarine volcano. Limestone can be broken by hand, so you can imagine the damage wreaked by a powerful hurricane or winter gale. The first Bermuda, a volcanic island, stood at 1,000 feet above sea level. Currently, the highest hill stands at just over 200 feet. The climate there has grown noticeably warmer in my life time; winter temperatures as low as 44°F (6°C) were not uncommon when I was growing up, but over the past 14 years I do not think the temperature has dropped below 56°F (13°C), and I recall meteorologists reporting that the harsh winter of 2010-2011 was the first normal winter for 20 years. For those of us raised on Oceanic Islands, we know the Ocean and we observe the weather like an unpredictable and potentially dangerous alcoholic neighbour. I am betting long term, I moved to the continent.

[@Warcrime247]

I used to go to the beach in Wildwood New Jersey as a kid with my family as a kid. It was always like a quarter mile walk across hot sand from the boardwalk. Even from the tips of the amusement park piers. I have to say I went back sometime in my 30's the oacean has massively crept in. Ive waded out like 50 yards into the water and could still touch bottom because that was the old sand dunes.

[@henrychaikin]

funny and informative, keep up the good work!

[@AqueleRod]

This gentleman is a genius!! Doctor Tyson is also really smart...

[@kidistight]

Whenever I see Chuck I have to prepare for some Tomfoolery love it.

[@maakjar]

My favorite dynamic duo!

[@oceanwavesES]

it is crazy how much information I have learned from this video

[@awolffromamongus875]

Take 2!

[@StarTalk]

🎬

[@yumitokushige8486]

My hairlines are receding just like the coastlines in a totally different way. 😢

[@HappyLemur-gv2tp]

😂 your humorous

[@khaledeid260]

Over 50% of men in the world experience receding hair in their 30s that's called being alive ❤

[@almostcrushed7642]

I simply just love ❤️ you both! It encourages our youth to learn more, by making it fun and engaging! Thank you for always sharing your talents and knowledge, power to the light of day to you both!

[@user-kw4iu8ge2w]

Great podcast..... didn't know these facts.....thanks😊

[@Jesse-Summers]

We exist on a wet planet, yet we refuse to evolve with it, why ?

[@seauryakumar]

There are too many people on this planet, do you have any idea how long it would take to open the minds of 8 billion people.

[@mr.dudley5637]

Waterworld 😂

[@sosheeanand3537]

Humans are evolving in different direction. In fact at micro level we resist to evolve, think this way, what we do if it is very hot day, we switch on AC, we put warming cloths on colder days. We take medicine and drugs to overcome diseases and infections without giving a chance to body to fight itself by immune system. Although we swim we just use boats and flights to travel over sea. With all these where is the challenge to evolve with water?

[@disadupzmusicentertainment2770]

because we're busy trying to "evolve" Artificial Intelligence instead.

[@CottageQueso]

Aquatic life is evolving quite well on a wet planet. But make no mistake that like 99% of the species to ever exist we'll all go extinct at some point. And new ones will rise and evolve in their stead

[@martijn3151]

Way before we reach that maximum, we’ll deal with dangerous water rising because of intensified storms and overflowing rivers because of increased precipitation. So for anyone thinking, we’ll be fine for a few more decades at least, we’re not. Cheers from the Netherlands.

[@jamessmith-li7uo]

Chuck is just great. Witty, able to follow difficult scientific info, very funny, personable.

[@jalenjalenjalenj]

I absolutely love hearing Mr. Neil chuckle.. so much 😭🤣

[@kalinystazvoruna8702]

Hey Neil! Talk about Snowball Earth! That'll blow people's minds!

[@joependleton6293]

That was deep, the humorous quip 'The Ocean is on board' got me♤ good show*

[@TJKCreative]

Always love some star talk

[@GiorniVenibato]

This is a great episode!❤❤❤

[@paulrodriguez4241]

I live in S.E., Louisiana, I’ve definitely seen the saltwater marsh disappear in front of my eyes. It’s really sad.😠🥺

[@johnathoncastro]

It wouldn't be disappearing with rising seas. wouldn't it be increasing?

[@easyb622]

Yep because the saltwater is trying to come up to Mississippi river

[@Cristianotorres1998]

I live in Portugal ! Soo if this will happen in decades, should i move now ? 😂😂😂

[@wanfuse]

what a terrific narration!

[@RachelCunningham-ut9ks]

love this episode thank you Neil and Chuck

[@AceSpadeThePikachu]

Another important thing of note is that the vast majority of sea level rise isn't caused by the amount of water in the oceans increasing, but the fact that all that water is expanding as it warms.

[@user-ch9gm3mj1j]

Neil degasse Tyson for president in 2028

[@vcvortex6356]

Why? Who would want that job? I wouldn't wish that on Neil.

[@alainmilette6460]

MASA make America scientifically accurate

[@normandy2501]

I wouldn't say that. He'd be of better use as a member of a board turns to for scientific matters. A president who specializes in political relations and possibly philosophy would be preferable.

[@leavingtheisland]

Chuck for 2024

[@brianrobertson2067]

I'm no an American but a agree as he will defo make America great again

[@johnny5pizzaguy]

My mom actually lets me watch you guys because you unlike my teachers can keep my attention. I wish my teachers were more like you guys.

[@busigator96]

Thanks for the geology love!

[@chrism3784]

you released this about 20 min ago, then it went away, then back on a second shorter, what changed?

[@jackwhiteside5094]

During my 56 years of construction, I have tied elevation loops into Township Monuments. As sea level rises, all those of those Monuments will have to be corrected. Buildings will have to be salvaged, along with bridge structures. Youngsters may want to train in heavy rigging and crane operation. The salvage business will be a big thing. 😢

[@jeremycrisp8460]

Florida man here. We aren't afraid of water. Bring the fishing closer to home!

[@mackeymintle66]

“There’s nothing inherent about the existence of Florida” This applies to everyone… Love yourselves. Forgive your mistakes, forgive the people who hurt you. Move forward with passion.❤

[@adamw2785]

There was recent news about a home in Nantucket, purchased for $2.3M, market price should have been $3.2M, but it sold for $600k because 70ft of its beach had been washed away by the oceans in under 6 weeks.

[@stefB_]

Whatever software was used to generate the images of the Bering Land Bridge is pretty sweet! The topography looks a bit exaggerated but it's a really great render.

[@vansdan.]

i was thinking it could be ai

[@Apollorion]

How warm was that Bering Land Bridge?

[@bartolomeothesatyr]

@@Apollorion Per the 2014 Scientific American article *_How Climate Change Spurred a 10,000-Year Ice Age Journey,_* "While most of the region endured dry, freezing weather, pockets of 'refugia,' or vegetated areas not affected by climate change, remained scattered along the Bering land bridge throughout the [Last Glacial Maximum] period. These unaffected areas provided the Native American founder population with moist, mild temperatures as well as adequate amounts of shrubs, trees and animals."

[@moreiratc92]

As an evolutionary biologist, welcome, my fellas, to the awesome and beautiful path of cycles that have surely brought awesome migration and diversity. Humans are just an awesome example of it :D Awes work, awesome work.

[@jmufkinr]

Their onscreen chemistry is fantastic

[@smartbutuneducated8637]

Great Episode! I enjoy how Dr. Tyson and Chuck Nice bring concepts forward by nerding while not geeking. I think a lot about climate and soo much of the conversations have a real issue seperating fear of change from fear of climate. As a species I really believe we can do better with so much but I feel if someone wants to project anger and have no solutions better forums for frustration management might be a business model more people should look into. I find the estimate of rise of the oceans difficult in perception. Just rough math from your left elbow comment would mean 30.5 million km cubed would need to be added to the entire surface of the planet if raw math of volume holds. Hard to conceptualize but I do wonder greatly how thorough the computational models and ai tasking are with parameters.

[@Jcnobli]

They did take boats, theres old DNA same groups of people on Australia/Indonesia in South America. I do like the fact they pointed out there are possible lost civilizations in the continental shelves Edit: DNA that isn’t found in North America, suggesting they took boats.

[@BillGreenAZ]

Well said. There aren't enough informative people like you in these discussions. Thor Heyerdahl wrote about the Kon-Tiki expedition where he sailed across the Pacific in a hand-made boat. But also think about Hawaii. If peoples from the east coast of Asia or else the Polynesian Islands could make it halfway across the Pacific to Hawaii, they certainly could continue on to the west coast of the Americas.

[@robertwoody2869]

very important i have never heard you talk about if we get in a nuke war 1.would any one survive 2.i know there can be no winners but what super power would get worse damage thanks.

[@TerryTurner]

The gaters shall reclaim Florida, tic-toc, tic-toc! 🤣

[@mikemainer3009]

Neil says: with climate change you lose Florida... Chuck responds: well, that's one good thing about climate change. Well said Chuck, well said!

[@davidmccarthy6061]

I hope I live long enough to see Florida underwater!

[@wallace_films]

No you don’t , that’ll mean it’s really bad for the rest of us.

[@XideEagles]

Chuck always be half awake on these podcasts lol. You can tell when he was up all night cuz his eyes are watering and he is clearly just happened to wake up recently

[@theperfectbotsteve4916]

i imagine in the future people gonna be looking for the lost city of Orlando edit ok ill see the 30% of yall 2100

[@shawnclare-nb1up]

Al gore was warning us about this 35 years ago

[@connornorwick-aka_loudwheeler]

Yup I remember my grandfather talking about it when I was super young

[@noelj317]

I would love to Neil’s take on “3 Body Problem”

[@floridamaninthewild]

I've watched several videos on the 3 body problem and they all give a different explanation. I bet they could make it easier to understand.

[@JudicialMermaid]

This is so informative! One thing I had not seen before, is the correlation between all those lakes in-land within Florida and the rising sea level. It really does seem as if the ocean is just swallowing up that State lol. I do wonder, how will it affect the Great Lakes? There is a giant salt basin beneath them from the prehistoric tropical ocean (Pangea). Will the rise in sea level just over take most of the U.S., or just the coastal states?

[@Batman-vr6jp]

Second time upload

[@StarTalk]

🤫

[@impeachy1518]

Alternate universe alert! We've been co-factored!