How Sand Built the Great Pyramid

[@chicagocenterformyofascial1555]

I really appreciate how you say in the video that delving deep into the analysis of the size and shape of the grains of sand was too much for you, so you had to reach out to an expert! That really shows your value at maintaining the highest scientific integrity within all of your videos! We all appreciate your hard work and attention to detail! Now we just need to get the rest of the archaeological community to appreciate the value of your work, and they should integrate your analysis into their working hypotheses and explanations of these pyramids.

[@jonathantatler]

Unfortunately Egyptian authorities have their own agendas and don't actually want solutions that don't grab headlines.

[@jrxvo6080]

So, why did the builders of the Great Pyramid use ONLY quartz sand for filler instead of regular sand? The answer is quite simple: Quartz sand is a better conductor of electricity or magnetic fields. That is exactly why the ANCIENT builders used it. In the ancient builders were NOT the Egyptians! The great pyramid was built long before the Egyptians arrived in that area. I have already spent hundreds of hours investigating this and I know exactly what I'm talking about and I AM CORRECT.

[@XXx-fp1je]

Lmfao youre delusional ​@@jrxvo6080

[@gaylebordeaux7632]

@@jrxvo6080I 100% agree!

[@jrxvo6080]

@@gaylebordeaux7632 Also, what happened to all of the machinery, cutting blades, tools, etc. that was used to build these megalithic structures? Logical answer: When the technically advanced visitors that built these structures left, they had taken everything with them. And humans cannot bury and hide all of those large circular cutting blades and machinery equipment that was used. And the ground penetrating radar equipment is 10 times better than it was just 25 years ago at finding ANYTHING made of metal buried in the Egyptian sand ANYWHERE. And if the Egyptians 4000 years ago tried hiding that equipment it would've been found by now.

[@b1laxson]

The greatest miracle of this discovery: There was somebody who sold sand to Egypt.

[@massimookissed1023]

There's a quarry in England that sells sand to Saudi Arabia. Desert sand is rounded from centuries of blowing in the wind. The English quarry sells sharp river sand that the Saudis use for water filtration.

[@Christy-js8nh]

​@@massimookissed1023 everyone I'm England thinks the same. There's is better, everyone else is doing it wrong, ect. Lol yeah, OK 👍

[@Clarice-e6g]

@b1laxson Sounds like good ol' capitalism ..😀

[@pinnacle1717]

The same guy sold ice to the Eskimos. He convinced them that it’s colder than local ice & doesn’t melt as fast. 🤣😂🤣

[@Breakfast_of_Champions]

@@massimookissed1023 More precisely, Saudi desert sand is unsuitable for concrete mixing and they have been importing it from overseas forever.

[@kadmii]

the best explanations are those that don't add to the complexity of a thing, but take seemingly complex and disparate things and provide a common explanation that links them together

[@MarshalJed]

👏👏👏👏

[@air7tv]

Cutting holes in the rock floor to install scaffolding or a ladder... This doesn't seem practical. There had to be another reason for those holes.

[@MichaelLeenheer]

I get the feeling drilling a hole in the floor was relatively minor given all the other stonework they were doing.

[@keithg.6651]

@@air7tvDon’t forget that the finished floor would be installed over these working holes…

[@zeitlichkeit5094]

You sound like a dictionary. 😂

[@styssine]

I found that History for Granite is the best bed time KZbin channel. Something about the pyramids topic and your speaking style is so soothing to me. Falling asleep thinking about those 4000 years old monuments is just a great way to get a relief from the problems of today.

[@MichaelLeenheer]

Haha I thought I was the only one! I’ll watch each video at least once or twice fully awake to get all the content, but many more times just to fall asleep to this calm level voice.

[@Tyrell_Corp2019]

More like 12,000 years. The Egyptians inherited them. ;)

[@LimitlessDomain]

​@@Tyrell_Corp20194000 Years sounds about right

[@Tyrell_Corp2019]

@@LimitlessDomain Nope. These places are older. Göbekli Tepe is clocking in close to 10,000 bc. Look into the monolithic wall in Montana as well. We’ve missed an entire section of history that’s about to be revealed

[@charleslord8672]

Zzzzz

[@evanscreekbrahman7511]

This is some of the absolute BEST content on KZbin.

[@noahziegler3478]

This scholarly channel is as digestible as the casual info all over the place. This is a very hard line to walk and makes this channel stick out as the best online in this space. Tip of the Hat.

[@jrxvo6080]

Are you serious? Try Brien Forster videos ! BUT you won't

[@evanscreekbrahman7511]

@@jrxvo6080 yeah because he’s a woo woo kook and his followers are gullible gits who can’t even spell his name correctly 🙄

[@TheGMan.]

@@jrxvo6080that guys a clopper we like this guy better

[@owen-trombone]

@@jrxvo6080 I won’t

[@JMM33RanMA]

One of, possibly THE, best of channels for understanding the architecture of Ancient Egypt.

[@jesseerickson662]

Uncharted X.

[@bezubz5831]

@@jesseerickson662is a given as well!

[@JMM33RanMA]

@@jesseerickson662 Unhinged X? That nonsense shouldn't be mentioned in the same breath. I watched a few of them, their prattle about perfect measurements, etc. completely divorced from scientific method. They do make their nonsense sound more believable than old Error von Dummkopf, though.

[@jesseerickson662]

@JMM33RanMA Just keep wandering your flat earth and looking up at the fake moon and stars bud.

[@jesseerickson662]

@JMM33RanMA BYW, since when are perfect measurements divorced from science?

[@srf2112]

Yours is one of the only channels that I actually get a little excited about new videos. Keep the quality and keep them coming.

[@jesseerickson662]

Uncharted X. Just saying. This is good too but definitely not the only one.

[@srf2112]

@@jesseerickson662 He's very good at what he's good at here. His process is sound and sensible imo.

[@coolcat23]

@@jesseerickson662 The channel you mention gave crackpot Graham Hancock a platform. I wouldn't expect much useful content, if they stoop so low.

[@J_A_W_]

@@jesseerickson662 Categorically wrong. History for GRANITE's videos present some interesting speculative research while knowing their limits. Uncharted X just uses number tricks top make up arguments for their own pet theories.

[@jesseerickson662]

@@J_A_W_ Number tricks huh 🤦

[@bandittelevision]

Just commenting before watching, the videos can easily be an hour long and we would all still enjoy them!

[@cptbutt3571]

@@fullyawakened Speaking for everyone - we love them from the moment we notice them on our collective feeds. We ALL pound that like button immediately without any regard for the creators feelings and without having viewed any of the content. It is definitely not because the algorithm prefers videos that have been interacted with.

[@lurkmoar3926]

HFG, You are the most important pyramid archeologist of our time. No one else comes close. Thank you for your channel.

[@jesseerickson662]

Uncharted X blows this away.

[@coolcat23]

@@jesseerickson662 The channel you mention gave crackpot Graham Hancock a platform. I wouldn't expect much useful content, if they stoop so low.

[@daos3300]

@@jesseerickson662 UnX is interesting but 'blows this away' is a massive exaggeration

[@hammers9434]

@@jesseerickson662uncharted is a clown with outlandish assertions.

[@snowflakemelter1172]

Compared to who ?

[@matthewmiller8297]

You explain mysterious things in a simple, logical way, and yet somehow don't loose the feel of ancient mystery that keeps so many of us coming back to this structure. Well done.

[@roystewart4826]

Your grasp of technique.is amazing yet simple in its explanation thank you for sharing.

[@evanscreekbrahman7511]

O.P. has quite a knack for considering all of the facts in hand to arrive at highly plausible, but relatively unique postulates, theories and conclusions.

[@JimmyMatis-h9y]

ikr, it's "highly compelling" 🤭

[@TheChadSmithPodcast]

Your channel is one of my favorite new finds, I appreciate all your work! Thanks for taking the time to put a channel like this together.

[@captaindein33]

Please don't take it for Granite.... *crickets

[@DougShoeMysteries]

@@captaindein33 HO HO HO. As a fellow Dad, I appreciate the Dad joke.

[@stupidhead9117]

@@captaindein33Nice

[@Miparwo]

The main advantage of coarse, uniform size sand, is that it does not compacts after installation, (and does not require to be compacted). It does not lose volume after installed, so it does not causes cracks in the structure over it.

[@oftin_wong]

You certainly can compact sand

[@deletedcomment2478]

@@oftin_wongYup these are just Sand Castles 🏰

[@n3d.studio]

I love how science and logic are applied in these videos instead of myth and religious viewpoints.

[@carlp.6196]

He’s just building up his brand so that when he drops his “aliens built the pyramids” video it will seem extremely believable and logical.

[@aaron___6014]

What's wrong with religion?

[@davidc1878]

@@aaron___6014 Nothing is wrong with religion but when logic or empirical evidence are ignored because of religious doctrine, then it becomes problematic... at least from the perspective of seeking the truth.

[@n3d.studio]

@@aaron___6014 if you have to ask....

[@jameswhitaker3016]

@@carlp.6196 you just told me you haven’t watched the rest of his videos without telling me.

[@nancyM1313-Boo]

How very kind of you to share your love + adventures in Egypt. 💙

[@srf2112]

I have to believe the stacked and mirrored seams in the horizontal passage reflects that these stones were not considered structural in any way and likely were installed last in the sequence to finish the passage off aesthetically by the easiest possible method. Falsework as it was.

[@bryede]

I believe it may suggest that a larger passageway was started that may have contained portcullises.

[@MartinScharfe]

If you look at the unfinished Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan, you'll find a much wider trench. Probably, it was the same in Giza.

[@bswins9648]

It always seems longer between videos than it is! Great info as usual. Thank you for continuing to keep coming up with excellent content. Your efforts are definitely not "filler". 🙂

[@Baasicstuff]

12:22 leaving the corner unfinished like that is an amazing find. It tells us that they never finished for one and two it literally shows the step before the finish awesome.

[@Nick-d2t1o]

I'm a grumpy old Brit cynic, your channel and your fans always make me smile and restores my faith in humanity.

[@MicMc539]

Can I have your stuff?

[@farmerpete6274]

@@MicMc539 you can have mine...

[@CharnavinT.Charnuvanik]

These days on KZbin I am always wary of any content with any sort of ancient history. it's a breath of fresh air to see that your content is well thought out and based on actual science and data. you obviously spend your time researching more than just a Google search. Thank you. Subscribed.

[@sethlarson9433]

Your videos are a more measured and thorough approach to pyramids than anyone else’s out there. No gimmicks, no aliens, just humans working hard. This should be on PBS.

[@Raytracer111]

This one seems like an exception. He zeroed in on friction, but sand at this size/shape has many other uses like vibrations, thermal characteristics that he hasn't attempted to touch on.

[@JimmyMatis-h9y]

ick, PBS would rather have Hawass. they're both cut from the same cloth - prefer propaganda to truth, both are establishment shills.

[@schnauzpig]

Very compelling. A small part of me laments the mysteries you are solving, but the universe is plenty mysterious. Your discoveries are far more impressive than simply stumbling across a tomb. Egyptologists need to raise their game!

[@marvellegends_uk]

I was wondering when a new video was coming. I had gotten withdrawal so I went and rewatched the last one.

[@stevedahl3689]

Well, this makes me realize that I am compelled to go back and watch all of HFG's videos!! This man is a real researcher with such compassion for this subject.

[@christianlucy3053]

This is honestly some of the most interesting material on youtube. I am constantly amazed by how clever and measured your analyses are.

[@chocolatewe]

Genius as always 💙 The ‘I prefer patterns’ at 9:01 before the explanation was great 🤣 gives you chills. patterns are always the way

[@guernica4262]

History for GRANITE, the only thing I see wrong with your video is the time gap since your last one. Thank you for your work!

[@simduino]

Given the complexity of the investigation and the time needed to document and transfer this into an attractive video, I'd say "wrong" is not exactly right. Ancient Egypt shows us what patience really means: hundreds of years to build a pyramid. Today's society is rather built on speed and anxiety, nothing goes fast enough to satisfy us. History for Granite not only show us the history of things made of stone but much more what we can achieve with patience and perseverance. It's not getting to the top of the mountain, it's the path to it that makes it worthwhile.

[@nickjohnson410]

HfG: "How Sand Built the Great Pyramid *Three weeks later on the History Channel* "Is Alien Sand responsible for the Great Pyramid? Some Ancient Astronaut Theorists say Yes!"

[@mnomadvfx]

While sarcastic your comment is basically how pseudo archaeology works. They take what real researchers have done, twist some magical fairy tale around it for entertainment purposes, and then turn it into some tale of how archaeologists are the bad guys keeping the secrets of the world from them 🤦‍♂

[@Raycheetah]

Ah, yes, The Hysteria Channel. =9[.]9=

[@smithjohn3080]

Could it be???😂

[@christianbrandel7437]

@@smithjohn3080 I mean, it's 'alien' to the Giza plateau. 😅

[@spudspuddy]

Stupid alien channel is a government psyop

[@InfamousTog]

I've been rewatching a lot of videos on your channel, and I can't wait for the next upload. I've even been referencing your videos when speaking about the pyramids with friends/strangers, as well as recommending your channel to them. I find that the way you present the information makes it much easier to contextualize/cement it in my mind/memory. Keep up the good work!

[@zisumevoli96]

As an engineer and avid armchair Egyptian historian, this is one of the most compelling and succinct explanations of the queens chamber I've heard.

[@kin_foke]

@ 10:25 are you sure about that 😕

[@JoelTopsom]

😂😂😂😂😂 the Egyptians found the pyramids and sphinx. Old people just can't admit they are wrong. As for the head of antiquities in Egypt, we know he's full of crap.

[@JoelTopsom]

😂😂😂😂😂😂 stick to the armchair

[@docmix]

@@kin_foke ?

[@kin_foke]

@@docmix you don't drill holes for scaffolding

[@vintagelady1]

As little as I know about Geology & ancient Egypt, I am fascinated by both subjects and ai so appreciate the manner in which you explain things. The only thing that I didn't quite get was why they bothered to finish the walls, but I'm sure if I go back you will have explained it clearly. I like how you insist that all, or most, of the facts must fit the conjecture & your explanations always seem logical, at least to me!

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

The gap along the walls allows them to polish it while also building the support structure in the center of the room.

[@estiffavola9102]

here you are explaining things that i didn't realize needed to be explained, i salute you

[@sergiete666]

Just found this channel! Watched all the videos in a day. Feels better than visiting a museum. Thank you for your work!

[@w0rmblood323]

Great video as always dude, love your work. I do have a question about your channel though, as a loose speculation, how much more content about the pyramids (that you haven't covered yet) do you think remains before you could say you've addressed basically everything you had to say about the pyramids and their study. I'm just curious where you think we might be on that road to completion.

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

If you asked me this question before I started making videos, I'd probably say by now I would have exhausted topics for them. But more research brings better questions, and more videos. The primary reason for making the channel was to expand the ability to research. I only ever make videos on topics that interest me - so as long as I'm still interested there should still be more videos.

[@jimdocherty3454]

Beautifully crafted dialogue. Such attention to the detail regarding the properties of the sand etc, gives me confidence in the scientific analyses. Excellent Video. Please do more!!!

[@CheesePolice]

Love the video. The idea that the chamber was filled with sand to support construction of the ceiling is by far the best explanation I've heard for why the shafts were left sealed during construction. I am slightly skeptical though that they built a whole masonry platform in the center and removed it, and also filled the perimeter around it with sand. It seems like you'd be able to build the ceiling with less work using a wooden platform/scaffold. Maybe I'm not fully understanding what you're proposing.

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

I think they could have filled the whole QC with sand, but filling the center with bricks would be quicker and easier. With the perimeter of the chamber drained of sand, dismantling the brickwork in the middle would be a quick job. Filling the whole chamber with stones would be a lot harder to remove.

[@Pystro]

Yes, you could build the ceiling on wooden scaffolding, as medieval cathedrals show. But that only works if the ceiling doesn't weigh 30 imperial tons - per ceiling stone. To support that kind of weight, you want something that can't be crushed (because the whole volume of the chamber is filled up).

[@CheesePolice]

​@@Pystro They apparently used wooden beams to support the chevrons above the King's Chamber (in the top relieving chamber) and the passage above the entrance, so I don't think that 30 tons is necessarily too much weight for a wooden structure. But mud bricks would be more available than wood so maybe it was just easier to use them.

[@Pystro]

@@CheesePolice Good point. There are holes for wooden beams in the relieving chamber. Maybe it was the difference between the wooden beams being able to be supported by those holes right under the ceiling stones and the scaffolding having to run all the way to the ground of the queens chamber. And if in one case wooden scaffolding was enough, and in the other case we only have direct evidence for the temporary masonry "scaffolding" in the center of the queen's chamber, then why would they also need sand? Then again, the relieving chamber above the King's chamber was only built after they had practice with the queen's chamber ceiling, so maybe the technique evolved.

[@mnomadvfx]

@@HistoryforGRANITE "but filling the center with bricks would be quicker and easier" Or something equivalent to the ramps on the unfinished 3rd dynasty pyramids. I think they are basically a mix of gypsum mortar and waste limestone chips from the quarrying process, a sort of poor mans temporary concrete structure.

[@Brutally-Honest]

Such a simple design, looking from afar, but so awe inspiring, even more so when you learn more details and the interior... still, the exterior is so beautiful, yet so simple in appearance.

[@MarshalJed]

Fantastic! Every video opens a new world of understanding. When I see a new one I can’t hit play fast enough.

[@JoelTopsom]

Gullible much😂😂😂

[@JoelTopsom]

You actually pay for this rubbish 😂. Educate yourself about the real builders of the pyramids. 😂😂😂

[@kahvaimuri2824]

@@JoelTopsom 😃😄😁😆😅🤣😂🙂🙃😉😊😇🥰😍😘😗☺😙🥲😋😛

[@owen-trombone]

@@JoelTopsomWho do you believe built the pyramids?

[@Roybatty066]

"This sand...it's no good.. 1000 miles away is good sand...bring me 10,000 tons."

[@mjheffro]

Brilliant insights. The only thing that bothers me is when you state "...the only explanation is ..." Of course there are many explanations, each of varying plausibility.

[@hughschick6847]

Yeah, that leads me to seriously question everything he says

[@DisapprovingFather]

Lol. That's literally his entire channel.

[@jbsnyder3477]

Easily one of my favorite channels on KZbin! Thank you!

[@onuq3r4y478]

Notable that the air channels into the queens chamber quit extending right around the point in construction where you could feasibly test the portcullis system for the first time.

[@outofthedeepadventures2658]

So many opportunities for discovery and exploration languishing in the sands of time. Even with antiquities misers stranglehold on the plateau, you once again make discoveries of your own and posit hypotheses that all of us so eagerly wish could be put to the test! Alas, your video, once again, only leaves me wanting for more. Keep up the good work and continue your saga as you search for the truth chiseled in the very stone that is the History for Granite.

[@jim0311]

I have been saying this for years...sand can be a lubricant..it can also be a counterweight to lift heavy objects

[@jpaulc441]

Quartz is also harder than granite, so can be used as an abrasive.

[@everychordever4339]

It can also be used to build small quick ramps, and to support large blocks as they are jacked up (with sand pushed in from the side).

[@spudspuddy]

its usually used as an abrasive

[@stevenlake5278]

​@@spudspuddy no matter what anybodys theory's are, on how they think 🤔 it was done. I don't believe any of it till someone builds even a portion. Of the pyramid to prove it. No one has done it yet. So it's all just a theory.

[@methylmike]

breaking rock is a HUGE part of soil works projects. Homesteaders who build roads know, you need to have access to several different grades of aggregate to make projects which can withstand seasonal hydrology this sand angle is fascinating!! excellent work as always, it goes down like the finest wines

[@bluebonnet]

BABE WAKE UP, NEW HISTORY FOR GRANITE DROPPED

[@hihihihihello]

Got a cat named babe huh

[@ClearlyJoking]

That's his pig

[@hihihihihello]

@@ClearlyJoking cat that identifies as non binary pig named babe*

[@smokingkippers1173]

Gotcha. Thanks.

[@lurkmoar3926]

I know, right?!

[@morganic88]

Love these videos , so fascinating, now as an artist I’m learning to carve marble sculpture as it’s nice to switch from outdoor wooden sculpture that lasts 10 years at best , these stone craftsmen have their creations still present many 1000’s of years later . Thank you for your great works x

[@arlen1630]

It's hard to believe that 4 or 5000 years ago somebody would consider the aesthetic value of a seam or a joint inside a dark passage.

[@serendipidus8482]

I mean they're getting paid. You'd be surprised the amount of useless unseen work people tell their boss they need money for. 😂

[@JohnAndrewNoftsinger3rd]

It was for a purpose or part of a function we still haven't figured out what for !

[@harvardarchaeologydept3799]

These black ethiopians began geometry and chemistry right downstairs from that dark passage you like in the city of Kemet,Egypt. These letters I’m using too were created there. Not black americans no.

[@joestitz239]

​@@harvardarchaeologydept3799ethiopians evolved into Egyptians. but no proof were ever black

[@harvardarchaeologydept3799]

@ They’re standing in 140degree SUNLIGHT. Suntanning is death for you your doctor told you that yesterday. You as a egypt tourist I’ve seen stand in the shade during the tours hiding from the heavy sunlight. Arabs are caucasian and those people wrap up their hole body for protection from sunlight there. Ok? Simple common sense sir.

[@SkylerinAmarillo]

I really enjoy your site and how you present evidence and analyze it. You are reasoned and logical. That always seems to be missing in discussing the pyramids. Thanks.

[@axax7668]

I thought that Giza was not a desert during the 4th dynasty.

[@BobReppnack]

and still giving to much credit to the Egyptians with dragging stones etc. all the walls are smooth but no drag on sand marks. Round sand or not. So if they polished them after construction, how’d they do that? That’s granite. There’s more to this. Hope to see more stable answers to all these questions within my lifetime

[@Joe_Hill_030]

Would love to see a video with your deeper explanation of the "osiris shaft" 🙏

[@crimsonVSveridian]

he's back!

[@DiHandley]

What a really great channel. Your logical and down to earth approach is appreciated.

[@DougShoeMysteries]

Sand composed of large, quartz grains would be beautiful to look at.

[@k1ng5urfer]

My favorite channel on all of youtube. Straight up.

[@Likwitswordz]

New Video!!! Happy day!🎉

[@michaelmontanari4728]

I am currently in a 10 day trip to egypt and i have recently entered to the pyramid menkaure in gyza and what i saw into the burial chamber took my breath away. i spend 45 minutes to 1 hour inside and i noticed something amazing. it looked like every single block from all sides of each wall was build from one single block, as if the 4 walls were contructed from 4 individual massive blocks, the patterns of the juctions between each block is perfectly alligned and the cut is a perfect straigh line. like if you take a chocolate bar and cut through each square with a hot knife and put it back together. if someone could analyses my videos and pictures i took i would massively thank, im not sure how to share the images. thank you

[@Jake-vg7mw]

I have to ask, how are we certain that the sand around Giza is the same type that was there thousands of years ago. can the make up of it change or could it be buried under the top layer of sand, genuinely curious

[@mnomadvfx]

Given how easily it can simply drift on a low wind I'd say there is a strong possibility of serious shifts in sand types over 4,500 years to say the least. In Britain we literally get sand deposited all the way from the Sahara when it rains in some years. Compared to that distance the Red Sea east coast to Giza is nothing at all.

[@DarraghQuinn-d8o]

They are between 50 and 400,000 years old. They were power stations - not tombs - built with lost technology ... and not by us.

[@DianeGraft]

Some questions came to my mind as I was listening to this: You said the nearest source of similar quartz sand is El Tor. Is there anything else from the period that would also have been imported from that location? It seems odd to me that they would be shipping loads of only sand, given the difficulty and expense of shipping at the time. But if they were also importing something like a spice, or frankincense, or a precious stone, then it totally makes sense for those ships to carry the quartz sand as ballast, that can also be sold when reaching port, and replaced with other ballast for the trip back. And if the sand was being used over and over again for moving stones, would that have a physical effect on the quartz grains? I guess a sand-ologist would be needed to look into whether there was some evidence of that extra wear and tear on the pyramid sand fill.

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

I would love for more studies on the sand. I believe a lot of the copper came from the Sinai peninsula, so the trade route was well established. The benefit of rounded quartz grains is that they resist compression and abrasion the best - so presumably the sand would hold up very well. Over time you'd expect the sand to become less pure as local sand gets mixed in, so the passage sand probably wasn't used repeatedly for a long time.

[@elvispresley6392]

Seems like intentional pockets of sand rather than traces. Unless I misunderstood the findings. If these are intentionally filled "voids", could the quartz provide some kind of piezoelectric affect, I wonder. Just a thought . . . ✌️😎

[@Pystro]

@@elvispresley6392 No. For a piezoelectric effect, you'd need a single crystal - or at least multiple crystals that are all aligned the same way. Also, I think piezoelectric voltages are so low that you need amplification to measure them, which wasn't possible before the invention of tube transistors.

[@hammers9434]

@@elvispresley6392you cant just point at things with niche electrical usages and scream that egyptians had electricity. they were so meticulous with documentation and not a single mention of magical lightning from ANYONE, not even a neighboring nation? dont kid yourself. we know ea-nasir sells poor quality copper for gods sake.

[@mnomadvfx]

You said the nearest source of similar quartz sand is El Tor" *the nearest SAMPLED source of similar quartz sand - the sampled part is important. Combine sparse sampling procedures for the research and 4,500 years of sand drift and there's a pretty high chance that there were in fact closer sources for this kind of sand during the Old Kingdom. Also we know that the Old Kingdom Egyptians had a direct path from the Nile (near Aswan I think) through the eastern desert, all the way to the Red Sea coast.

[@conniebenny]

Yet more outstanding work, sir! An insightful, plausible and downright compelling explanation of the available evidence.

[@tjpprojects7192]

0:01 That looks like a tastey ultra processed cake snack.

[@TagiukGold]

Excellent granular analysis, very fine work.

[@ExaultedSeahawksFan]

Do you believe that the ancient Egyptians had bronze tools along with copper tools during their time?

[@alexhanna3921]

Evidence shows that an understanding of steel and other hard materials has been found. Metals from asteroid bits in the desert were used for daggers , so the next logical step would be drill bit tips and other ways to cut.

[@hermosafieldsforever4782]

Sand hydraulics to gently settle multiple tonnage of blocks has been proposed in the past, but we are still perplexed regarding lifting the blocks so they can be settled into place. During the core samples where different thicknesses of sand were discovered can be seen as "leveling"...yet no images are left, no writings and no tools discovered explaining the sand hydraulics method. It's a good start. Thank you for your thoughtful description.

[@AveragePicker]

There's documents on lowering the sarcophagus at the The Serapeum into place with sand removal technique.

[@disgruntledwookie369]

I'm with you on most of this, but what I struggle with is why they would put so much effort into making the queen's chamber only to abandon it within a few years of building it. You said that the Invention of the movable portculus made antechambers obsolete, are you suggesting that the design for the Kings chamber portculus was conceived *after* the queen's chamber was already mostly constructed and that's why they abandoned it?

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

It does seem odd to make a chamber and not use it, and this is why the mystery has been so elusive. But remember, the GP has another chamber that is unfinished - so there is precedent. The QC being unfinished is what the physical evidence points to, and so that's the best conclusion that I have so far. Also notably, there are no more chambers like the QC after the Great Pyramid - so we know the design was very quickly obsolete.

[@disgruntledwookie369]

@@HistoryforGRANITE True enough. But are there other examples of a movable portculus that post-date the Great Pyramid? I admit my knowledge of other pyramids is a little lacking. I have the impression that the KC portculus was the first and last of its kind? Aside from this detail I find the idea quite compelling. The evidence you've laid out in previous videos has convinced me that ability to have a secure vault that could still be accessed for ceremonial purposes was a major development that has been mostly overlooked by researchers. Keep up the amazing work! 👌

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

The Old Kingdom portcullises after Khufu (except Menkaure which also used ropes) were made so that levers could open them. The security around this is a bit more nuanced, and I’ll talk about it in future videos.

[@serendipidus8482]

I mean it took 70 years to build didn't it? Being humans I suspect that like today many builders just don't finish a job. 😂

[@davidsimmons8990]

With you and ancient architect .. I think you both will come to the full story.. love his video on the pyramid being a work in progress pyramid .. and things changed as different kingdoms came and went… thank you for all your work.. hoping this will be put together before I’m 60.. and I can’t climb in to see it all..

[@tehbonehead]

Is there any more local source for sand of this composition that is sharp? Could this possibly be abrading sand discarded as it became too dull?

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

I would guess that sand requires a lot of time and water to become rounded, and that abrasive force does not round the grains but simply fractures them.

[@tehbonehead]

@@HistoryforGRANITE that makes sense.

[@thomasradtke3282]

Amazing what you can read from the stones. Thank you very very much!

[@leomullett3618]

I'm so glad someone trying to educate granite. I have a mortar and pestle that are as dumb as rocks.

[@shannenamaya2407]

This channel is heaven sent, luv knowing the details

[@3gunslingers]

From all your absolutely marvelous videos I have to say I find that one the least convincing. Not the idea that special sand was used during construction. But the idea that is was used as filler material so far below the "working level" of the chamber roof. Going back the chain of logic the other way, the sand found during the drilling was very likely NOT used during the construction of the queens chamber. (But likely during an other construction phase.) The entire passageway to the Queen's Chamber is well below the stone course where the chevron stones end. Therefore, it would have taken an enormous effort to raise the chamber walls and all the supporting stone work ONE METRE above the level of the later passageway before the other stone courses were finished. Connecting the sand found during the drilling with the roof of the queens chamber ist just far too much conjecture for my tasting.

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

Not even for a cavity left on purpose to receive the excess sand?

[@3gunslingers]

@@HistoryforGRANITE Seems a bit odd to leave cavities 2 or 3 meters deep in the stone courses your are working on, that low in the total courses of the pyramid. Also why not just throw the sand down the side of the pyramid if you want to get rid of it? Far too much work and organisation to keep holes in the middle of your pyramid just to get rid of a bit of sand. The sand was either deposited while working on the stone courses below the queens chamber ( hidden structure? ;) ) or it had an entirely different propose than lowering the friction coefficient. Also your hypothesis that _special_ sand was used to fill a temporary gap as support material is not that convincing. Coarse sand can be easily compacted with a little water and turns into an exceptionally hard surface. And it can easily be excavated again. With bare hands if need be. The stones with the aligned joints combined with the special sand under them seem to be more connected to me. Maybe an experimental construction method.

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

If the rough fill of the core masonry had large gaps, excess filler sand could easy flow down a short distance from the bottom of the chevrons to slightly below the QC passage. You can’t actually know how sand will compact under pressure without testing it, even today in the 21st century. But the rounded quartz sand would be far superior under stress. Add the 1/2 reduction in friction and you’ve got an ideal material for the purpose of getting the ceiling into place. Could it have been done another way? Of course. The point is that it connects all the physical evidence together in a coherent way.

[@3gunslingers]

@@HistoryforGRANITE _"If the rough fill of the core masonry had large gaps, excess filler sand could easy flow down a short distance from the bottom of the chevrons to slightly below the QC passage. "_ That´s a far more logical approach. But how wide were the sad deposits discovered during drilling? Like 40cm at one location? Even for very rough masonry with uncut field stones those would be _very_ large gaps. So I still don't think this is the reason for the sand deposit. _"excess filler sand could easy flow down a short distance from the bottom of the chevrons to slightly below the QC passage."_ I have problems here with the word "short". Between the lower edge of the chevrons and the bottom stones of the passage are at least three courses of stones. Probably five. It's definitely possible for this "special" sand to fall down several courses of gaps. But how you presented it, it appears to me that there are rather large voids completely packed with exclusively this sand. _"You can’t actually know how sand will compact under pressure without testing it, even today in the 21st century."_ True. But as you also said about the old Egyptians: They had all the experience with sand. Hauling in large quantities of special sand just as a temporary filler makes little sense when a bit of compacting would work with local sand, too. My gut feeling tells me this special sand was used for its friction properties. Either for hauling large blocks on sleds or for something more mechanical. _"The point is that it connects all the physical evidence together in a coherent way."_ To me this is not coherent. Why use expensive material as a temporary filler when less expensive material works just as fine with a tiny bit more preparation? Why would you leave large voids in your structure just to get rid off a tiny percentage of your total special sand used? Why are there large voids completely filled with special sand about five courses under the layer where it was most likely used? I really think you should tackle the "sand in void" problem from a totally different direction. Not from the chevrons, but from the passage and its peculiar gap arrangement.

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

I appreciate the thoughtfulness of your replies. Considering the enormous amount of material brought to Giza from all over: timber from Lebanon, copper from Sinai, granite from Aswan, Turah from across the Nile - I don't see ~60 cubic meters of sand to be a 'huge haul'. When setting a 40t beam inclined, even a little bit of slippage would be tough to remedy. Better to just use the best stuff in my opinion. I've had all manner of ideas about low density behind the QC passage, but that sort of speculation isn't grounded in the evidence at hand. I'd love for there to be some exotic hidden passage abandoned after construction etc - but I can't find any reason for such things to actually be necessary for the pyramid. The chevrons were new technology, and this is where I see exceptions being made by the builders.

[@judyfps5059]

Every time you drop a new piece of knowledge, I think to myself “ oh this is gonna be dope!”

[@GroberWeisenstein]

Your speculation on sand use leaves a lot to be desired. Very impractical.

[@chefscorner7063]

I've seen a bunch of these videos and this one actually has some relatively new info. Worth a Watch...

[@davidnicholson512]

I love your work but you continue to claim to have solved things that you haven’t. “Now that I’ve explained everything, it all makes sense.” Work on your phrasing and your channel will come off as you intend it to.

[@kaihammond6984]

That and he's completely off on his timeline. The pyramids were built way before the Egyptians showed up to call the place their home.

[@ankyspon1701]

​@@kaihammond6984Exactly right! This guy is just trying to prove the standard narrative. The claimed timeline for building the pyramids has always been wrong, but now he's just introduced thousands more man hours into the mix, with extra constructions and excavating/importing unique sand. I agree, it's obvious the Egyptians found the pyramids, what's sad is the great effort to suppress history and bury that fact. Whenever you hear someone trying to prove a point, frequently using the words 'probably, possibly and perhaps', you know It's just all hyperbole.

[@peacebrain4471]

​@@kaihammond6984 you should focus on getting off welfare

[@allensutton5390]

How do you know?

[@NotBananamanana]

Telling someone to work on their phrasing, but you don’t even quote them right, that’s top tier research.

[@jacquesdesjardins6729]

Another great video. Keep up the great work.

[@IDNeon357]

You miss the obvious answer. There wasn't sand in Egypt when the Pyramid was built and the closest source was in the Sinai. Before 8000 BC

[@serendipidus8482]

There was sand sweetheart. 😂

[@zellerized]

​@@serendipidus8482what makes you think that?

[@serendipidus8482]

@zellerized lol? Eh they loved beside a river. Rivers have sand.

[@flyingfox707b]

When i firsr saw your latest video, i thought KZbin decided i needed another dose of alien theory. The videos ive seen are very well thought and raise some very pertinent points. Thanks and looking forward to seeing the rest of your library! An archaeologist

[@princybella5386]

People not Sand built it.

[@stefanmolnapor910]

I, NOT taking my History for GRANITE yesterday when I was thinking about this channel, withdrawaling for history. Thank you for all you do!

[@simonstergaard]

Yes, sand can be used as a "Lubricant" to move stones...and sand comes in many configuraions aka. forms, and can do different stuff. i told you so several video ago

[@catsbutthole]

dont let him take your credit

[@wowdanalise]

Thanks for telling us sand could be used as lubricant. We knew.

[@416dl]

Once again another interesting and informative video...and never a question of whether I'll be watching until the end as they are always fully appreciated...and even after the video I'll ponder what I've seen and how the puzzle pieces which for so long have been so enigmatic start to make sense. Thanks and cheers.

[@jasonyu-gi-oh1056]

This a very insightful video. Excellent work and deductions.

[@IntoTheVault]

I left my history for granite shirt. I wear it every chance I get. Great info on the new video. I always thought the vaulted ceiling of the queen chamber was just for air and lamp or torch smoke. Hope this helps. Love your channel. Keep up the great work cheers.

[@glike2]

This is progress in understanding pyramid architectural engineering, well done!

[@xv6701]

I love sitting down for lunch and having a new video to watch and this channel is in my top 3. Awesome work once again.

[@AncientStructuresUnleashed]

Love your work, I've just began to share interesting news and intriguing archeological findings myself. Keep up the good work!

[@rodricbr]

the fact that there's a support beam for the support beams just shows us how they knew exactly how to build massive mega structures that could handle a whole lot of weight and had at least an in depth knowledge in physics

[@CharlotteWinslow]

Thank-you for educating the public! PLEASE watch The Pyramid Code by Dr. Carmen Boulter if you haven't.

[@Mottspockets]

This channel is amazing and your dedication is unmatched! Been enjoying your vids. Keep it up

[@stephenjohnson9560]

Brilliant presentation, well worth the wait, thank you.

[@gregkeet]

Thanks for showing us one of the most amazing factories of the past.

[@Dallasguy1972]

Four years ago Matthew over at ancient architects made a video about a Russian archaeologist’s theory that there was an analog elevator in the king’s chamber. It was made to go down once, and only once! Sodium chloride was added into the sand supporting the elevators underneath it. The true burial chamber oh Pharaoh Khufu was inside of this analog elevator. The special quartz sand used to support the elevator flowed down as water was added to the air shafts…

[@billmiller4972]

If you explain everything that comprehensive, there's nothing left to ask.

[@John-zq5pd]

Thank you for your wonderful video. As you know I have been suggesting that many of the stones were smoothed by having teams of oxen pulling stones, without slighes, over flat

[@sidcymraeg]

Excellent insightful commentary yet again. Keep up the great work. Thanks for all your efforts.

[@StefanMilo]

Boom shakalaka, can’t wait for this

[@raindropburst]

After building such a monument, why would you leave the queens chamber unfinished and unused? It was clearly intended since they closed it off.

[@awesomecat9470]

What about the idea that the Queen's chamber was the first initial chamber for smaller pyramid and then it got closed up for a redesign the larger pyramid which would make the King's chamber the one to use. Is there something magical about the overalls location of these chambers relative to the size of the pyramid?

[@CarlDidur]

Thanks so much! As usual, many good ideas and a lot of clear information. I always wondered if the process of working with the local sand, which included moving it around, exposing it to wind and friction and various forces could have sifted or sorted what was left inside the pyramid, or if the anomalous sand was a result of the drilling itself. This is great information. Definitely seems they knew a lot about sand, who would have guessed, and could choose the best material for a given construction situation.