One Solution to the Four Channels of the Great Pyramid

The Great Pyramid contains 4 mysterious small shaft ‘channels’ within its superstructure. These channels connect the King’s Chamber to the pyramid exterior, yet never fully connected the Queen’s Chamber to the outside.
No other Egyptian pyramid has such channels, and they have confounded explorers for thousands of years.
This video looks at the full history of the channels, scrutinizes the most popular theories for their purpose, and reveals new evidence to finally bring resolution.
But like every great discovery, the answer to this mystery brings with it even more interesting questions.
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Join this channel to get access to livestreams: / @historyforgranite
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Thanks to the Isida Project for many photos within the Great Pyramid:
isida-project.ucoz.com/
Special thanks to Valery Senmuth for quality photos of the King’s Chamber Northern Channel:
/ @senmuth
Quotation Sources:
Abd-Allatif Medecin Arabe De Bagdad; “Relation De L’Egypte” Par. M Silvestre De Sacy, Imperial Press Paris, 1810 p. 176
John & Morton Edgar “Gleanings from Glasgow” Portland Area Bible Students 2007 pp. 539-542
John & Morton Edgar “The Great Pyramid Passages” Bone & Hulley 1910. Reprinted by Portland Area Bible Students, 1988. Discourse from Morton Edgar pp. xii - xiii
Mark Lehner “The Complete Pyramids” Thames & Hudson, 1997 p. 67
Mark Lehner & Zahi Hawass “Giza and the Pyramids: The Definitive History” University of Chicago Press, 2017 p. 163
John Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part I. The Great Pyramid” London, 1839 p. 2
W. M. Flinders Petrie “The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh” Field & Tuer London, 1883 pp. 53, 67-68, 69
John Romer “The Great Pyramid: Ancient Egypt Revisited” University Press Cambridge, 2007 p. 527
Howard Vyse “Operations Carried On At The Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837 Vol. 1” London, 1840 p. 286
Soundbite Sources:
“Into the Great Pyramid” National Geographic, 2002
“Legends of the Pharaohs: Part 4” Pernel Media, 2021
“The Pyramid of Sakura at Abusir: New Perspectives” Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities Head Office, Toronto 06/10/2023
Graphics Sources:
Gilles Dormion “La chambre de Cheops” Librairie Artheme Fayard, 2004
John Shae Perring “The Pyramids of Gizeh: Part I. The Great Pyramid” London, 1839
W. M. Flinders Petrie “The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh” Field & Tuer London, 1883
Rudolf Gantenbrink “The Upuaut Project: Robot Journey Into the Past” 1993
Rudolf Gantenbrink “Cheops.org” web.archive.org/web/202400000...
“The Universe: Ancient Mysteries Solved” A&E Television, Season 7 Episode 2, 2014
“Missing 5,000-year-old piece of Great Pyramid puzzle discovered in cigar box in Aberdeen”
• Missing 5,000-year-old...
"EXCLUSIVE: First Look Inside the Great Pyramid Queen's Chamber Northern Shaft | Ancient Architects”
• EXCLUSIVE: First Look ...
“Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban” Warner Bros, 2004
Michael Haase “Randbetrachtungen Zu den Blockierungen der Schächte der mittleren Kammer der Cheops-Pyramide” Sokar 30, 2015
Ludwig Borchard “Das Grabdenkmal des Konigs Sahu-re Band: 1 Der Bau” Leipzig, 1910
“Scanning the Pyramids” HIP Institute, 2017
Anthony P. Sakovich “Explaining the Shafts in Khufu’s Pyramid at Giza” JARCE 42, 2005-2006
00:00 Introduction
1:42 History of exploration
3:44 Unplugging the channels
4:44 New closed channels
6:07 Measuring the channels
8:00 Channel mistakes
10:26 Star alignments
13:39 Pyramid interior climate
14:51 Copper pins
16:47 Constructing channels
18:06 Unfinished construction
22:00 Ventilation concepts
24:09 Channel block design
26:23 Stonework quality
27:54 Four channels to compare
28:41 Missing block
31:17 Credit in Egyptology
33:11 Ventilation criticisms
34:23 Channel chamber openings
37:02 Looking for solutions
41:38 Comparing channels

[@user-mp9rd4hg8b]

And, all these years, I was told… and believe… that these channels were perfectly straight and pointed to constellations so the spirits in the afterlife would know where to go. Thanks for clearing that up.

[@grega4607]

Same here, I was actually taught that as well. I love this man's videos!

[@raul_jocson_]

@@grega4607 Same. I've even seen the 3D models of the channels with their bends and still kept the idea that they were pointed at the stars. Just never put 2 and 2 together to see the conflict.

[@BarkerVancity]

if they were straight. there would have been lots of pictures and infor about this. you would just be able to see out the pyramid like a window.. feel like this is common sense to anyone that just looked into one. its like holding a garden hose and looking through it, unless its straight you just gonna see its bend.

[@chrimony]

Graham Hancock has left the chat.

[@diregnome4898]

I never understood how they could have pointed to a star when the stars rise and set every night and the point at which they rise changes throughout the year.

[@Wirtual]

The work you do is simply astounding and hopefully encourages people to think and explore in similar ways! Approaching things in an open minded fashion, instead of looking for answers that support your preconceived conclusions is the way to move the understanding of the pyramids forwards. I hope your findings will get support from the 'experts' too, instead of being dismissed based on credentials & going against the narrative. Thanks for everything you do and I very much look forward to future videos :)

[@GideonXD]

Your stream was awesome!! Thank you Wirtual

[@yoshiwakoAnimations]

Loved the stream Wirt! Thanks for introducing me to the topic!

[@alexandercrook]

thanks for the introduction to this channel wirtual

[@yakakiyakaki]

Zahi Hawass would never concede to being outsmarted by an amateur! So who is the true subject matter expert here……the so called archeologist who’s clearly been corrupt his entire professional life or the amateur researcher who’s unwaveringly passionate in his ongoing quest to find logical answers? I know who I’d pick!!!

[@Atok595]

What work? It’s a KZbin hobby channel 😂

[@Pystro]

43:05 "The ventilation was not available until the construction was nearly complete." I agree, but you explicitly state that the holes were left uncut for the purpose of avoiding damage while fitting the ceiling stones. And that's incidentally also the exact moment when ventilation for the workers would have become necessary. (With the ceiling stones missing, the air would have come through the gap at the top.) So they could have put the last ceiling stone on, and within the hour proceeded to make the first drill hole into the casing stones of the King's chamber. And for the "Queen's chamber" the holes were never drilled because they knew (or were reasonably certain) that they wouldn't bother doing any further changes to it after putting its ceiling stones in place. And the course of stone where the Queen's air channels end would tell us exactly where/when they decided to fully abandon using the Queen's chamber. Curiously that's _above_ the King's chamber, and pretty precisely aligns with the last layer of releiving slabs and the vaulting stones. Almost as if they waited to see if the alternate construction technique for the King's chamber worked out before committing to fully abandon the Queen's chamber.

[@Aeoxmusic]

you've convinced me 100% that no one has any clue what they are talking about in regard to the pyramid and it's true function

[@bregjejabra25]

Try Mr. Lou Baldin for a change.

[@mekosontv1445]

Water Pump is the best explanation.

[@White_Fox_5.0]

​@@mekosontv1445 100% it serve some type of mechanical function. No way a society invested that many resources into something with no return

[@White_Fox_5.0]

​@@mekosontv1445i believe it was a 2 birds one stone type setup. Moving water was only part of what it did, the other half is up for speculation but many seem to claim it operated as some type of electromagnetic structure. I would love to see what would hapoen if john cadman were to fire that old thing up. I wonder if an ancient society could have invested in the power of the pyramid without considering the consequences like maybe the resulting reverberations which contributed to tectonic shifts and unforeseen problems for their livelihood. All speculation but sounds fun

[@God-mb8wi]

@@White_Fox_5.0 You are interpreting the monument from a value point of view, which is fundamentally capitalist. Since the pyramids were constructed before that system of value was introduced to the world, it is perfectly reasonable to assume the pyramids had no real, valuable function. However, capital was less important to the ancient Egyptians than the afterlife was, something you fundamentally misunderstand.

[@Mutley58]

“The search isn’t just for answers; it’s for better questions.” Bravo! Thank you for your dedication to this. My mind, happily spinning with new questions, thanks you.

[@RalphEllis]

They are angles of latitude and longitude. If you plot them on a map, using the Giza Meridian, you will find another pyramid that looks exactly the same as the Great Pyramid. Strange, but true. See: K2, Quest of Gods. Ralph

[@ajl6854]

⁠@@RalphEllislol your book is a second rate ancient aliens ripoff. Also why are you adding a signature to KZbin comments?

[@MrSmid888]

What about this new discovery? Bigger, better, older….. kzbin.info/www/bejne/q4vJZHSIfLRmkK8si=VCgFMG7IZUpoZNdT

[@kevinlucko2902]

​@@yukelalexandre8885 hmm..thought provoking indeed. I appreciate your insight on hydraulics speculation.

[@wiretamer5710]

From an academic point of view, this an incredibly courageous essay. You constantly seek to put ambiguities to bed with logical evidence based argument. You are also on record as having a profound respect for the limits of your knowledge. Not having done the reading, or the crawl work, to verify your numerous claims, I am inclined to accept them as read BECAUSE of your general attitude toward the limits of your own knowledge. I feel certain of this because I have WITNESSED you drop pet ideas in the past in light of new evidence. Your videos taken as a whole, are a showcase of learning, curiosity and intellectual generosity. You are a champion of clear reason and civilisation in a world turned upside down by barbarism and sadistic cruelty, and an internet saturated by egocentric opinion and lazy thinking. Respect! I often wonder if Egyptology is a haven from the froth and bubble of life, but the politics of Egyptology put the lie to that, and the ancient Egyptians were a passionate and dynamic people, who would laugh at the idea. What I find most attractive about your work and style of communication, is your indefatigable humility toward the unknown. It gives me hope, that we humans are capable of reaching our highest ideals. Thank you for your work. Carry on good sir!

[@PeterGenovese]

"indefatigable".... well done.

[@GildaLee27]

Well put.

[@graemestewart7752]

Well said.

[@TheHeubach1234]

Copper, air chambers, stones that can harness and store electricity, maybe? I’ve recently heard of that theory as the surrounding structures may connect to the storing of electricity as generated from lightning. Sounded plausible to me. Soot on the walls as well…

[@wiretamer5710]

@@yukelalexandre8885 YOU investigate it! You made the claim. The burden of proof is on you. Not anyone else. Which will be difficult because you up to your neck in confirmation bias. The idea that the internal structure of the Great pyramid had any kind of electromechanical purpose is nonsense, because not a single stone of the great pyramid was designed to be airtight, let alone watertight. The entire pyramid has ALWAYS leaked like a sieve.

[@bradlauk1419]

Dude managed to talk about a hole in a wall for 45 minutes

[@Bill-xx2yh]

Good call. Been watching "Granite" for years, and I feel this is a reoccurring talent.

[@leotimtom6637]

And I was still at the edge of my seat.

[@limehawk4989]

There's alot to say about such long holes

[@ibdalia69]

@@yukelalexandre8885 Sounds interesting..I would like to know more.

[@ronsimpson3198]

Most carefull analysis missed very little but 45 min and still guess wrong 😂

[@jimbobbalooba1]

The benefit of being a ‘lay person’ is that we ask simple questions without the interference of bite sized knowledge. If the channels were indeed created for the souls to ascend then obviously the ancient creators believed they were necessary routes; yet perfectly carved hermetically sealed granite sarcophaguses were no problem for the soul to escape from. I find more and more that ‘experts’ indulge the viewers with what they want to hear, presented as fact, rather than facts themselves. I love your work and the way it’s presented.

[@Jarrard68]

You always give credit where credit is due. You recognize on who's shoulders you stand. I'm impressed.

[@huuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuhn]

unlike the other guys some of which both disregard and stole the work of predecessors

[@Anyextee]

Undoubtedly, this channel stands as a pinnacle of Egyptological discourse, eclipsing the scholarly contributions of the vast majority of its contemporaries in the field. For years, we have been indoctrinated with the belief that these channels were impeccably aligned and directed towards celestial constellations linked to the afterlife journey. Many thanks to History for Granite for the elucidation provided, dispelling these long-held misconceptions. This video resonates with the imperative that we must elevate the quality of our inquiries. Bravo indeed!

[@robertcahoon5278]

What, did you swallow a dictionary?😂

[@evldan]

Thesaurus FTW!

[@DogsWallop]

This channel could potentially be the reason of the new work on Menkaures pyramid...

[@kennethferland5579]

The idea of special star allignments is a completly unessary elaboration on the base idea that the Pharohs soul would go to and from the northern and southern sky. Simply shooting down the star pointing stuff dosn't invalidate the concept of ritual transit being the purpose of the channels.

[@Anyextee]

@@robertcahoon5278 😂 erudite channels deserve erudite vocab for the commentary. Sheesh. Next, time ill just say "great job!"

[@heartofarebel4098]

Truly fascinating and a most logical solution. Concluding the Queen's chamber as unfinished based upon the blocking stones remaining in place and the "roughed out floor", not dissimilar to modern home building, is a far more plausible explination for why the venting holes would not yet be opened. Not yet having viewed the follow up videos, my guess is that the vents would allow for better interior climate control to prevent mold, mildew, salt or other build up/ condensation. Additionally, possible control for interior atmospheric pressure as well to avoid internal pressure shifts over the millenia to cause cracking to the bricks or shifting to occur. Finally, I applaud you for going back to and relying on the oldest, first person documentation/ description of what was seen and found. As they had no dog in the proverbial fight as to metaphysical meaning of these items, they had no bias to filter their information through. They were simply reporting what they saw, what they found, how they found it, and (if they displaced something) what changes they made for future researchers. Bravo!!

[@jwueller]

We're gonna need an in-depth version of that tier list with explanations, thank you very much.

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

Basically you get a higher ranking the better your documentation is, weighted by what was common for the time. You get penalized for making up data, destroying evidence, and producing unwarranted speculations. For example, the gentlemen in 'F' tier completely excavated Djedefre's pyramid without any publication - thus a complete disaster. This occurred in the 20th century. Vyse had some major blunders, but still set a new standard for recording data in the 19th century with his expedition. In some ways Petrie would also be S-Tier, but he focused too much on producing data to contradict Smyth rather than being objective about what to look for. Perring simply recorded what he saw, didn't make judgements or assumptions, and risked his life constantly to do so in some of the most perilous circumstances 50 years before Petrie invented archaeology. So that's why he gets the top spot.

[@billydroll269]

U really break it down. Captivating. U have really solved an ancient puzzle. Amazing

[@jwueller]

@@HistoryforGRANITE You could probably make an hour-long video about that and I would watch all of it.

[@sapincher]

@@jwueller I'll get the Jiffy Pop

[@JankyBruv]

I just love how Hawas was not even included 😂😂🔥

[@alexanderheynen4779]

Best channel on Egyptology by far. Puts the vast majority of Egyptologists to shame.

[@llYossarian]

What's Ancient Architects, chopped liver?

[@alexanderheynen4779]

@@llYossarian, why so insecure?

[@ChickenJoe420-ph1it]

Meh, I’ve seen better with hundreds of subs/views. You guys just equate Lots of subscribers/views as authenticity. Same type of dudes to look up “truth about Area 51” and click the most viewed video on top and take it as absolute fact

[@daos3300]

only someone with little to no respect for the many people devoting their lives to working on the never ending project that is egyptology, and who has evidently met none of them, would dismiss them all so blithely.

[@ChickenJoe420-ph1it]

@@daos3300 it’s because op equates authenticity with high views/subscribers. Since this dude has the most he’s better than anyone that came before him, it’s sad but it’s how a lot of people think nowadays. The same type to look up “truth about Area 51” and click the top choice with most views and take it as absolute fact….

[@masaharumorimoto4761]

Dude the comments are epic, I've been down here reading all them, everyone has great input, look at all the fantastic folks you've drawn together, gotta love it!

[@thomasradtke3282]

If I'm not mistaken, you mentioned in one of your videos that the pyramids were left open some time after the burial. So, there might have been VIPs visiting the chambers. Those are the ones enjoying better air conditions than the workers, right? Hm, I guess the inner structure was better accessible when building it, so maybe the conditions weren't as bad as we think for the workers. That's an unelaborated guess, I know nothing about the construction steps. Great work, thank you very very much!

[@jamesdeath3477]

I don't know how you do this, time after time. Seeing something that everybody else has missed. It's incredible to me. Look forward to the next one. Thanks!

[@Sfhakrn]

My guess is it’s because the best and brightest don’t major in archaeological studies.

[@PhilJonesIII]

Perhaps because he is not looking for the fantastical or the mystic? The solution proposed here is, for some, mundane and boring. Sadly, not enough for those who let their imaginations on a longer leash. Like many others, I'm sure, I believed those channels were perfectly straight and pointed at the stars.

[@terberusp7030]

Maybe many people have seen it, maybe even reached the same conclusions, its just not enough to write a paper about, especially if it supports already accepted position.

[@Sfhakrn]

@@terberusp7030 one must have eyes in order to see

[@Sfhakrn]

@@yukelalexandre8885 That tin foil hat on a little tight today?

[@sapincher]

I've never really cared or been interested in the pyramids until watching every single one of your videos - your excitement and enthusiasm is infectious. You can hear the bitten tongue in calling Lehner and Zawass "gentlemen". I love the fact you made a hype-train video precursor for this release. You are a good person. In an era of absolutely complete unenthusiasm, I will certainly watch a channel about a topic I never cared much for just to see the devotion you put into every video.

[@-jank-willson]

Zahi Haw-ASS

[@garibaldi9528]

The fact that the holes are directly opposite each other, and the same dimensions, and the corners of the last few cm are precise might suggest there was something unknown spanning them.

[@srhintz]

I had that same thought.

[@bojcio]

@@srhintz aye I was thinking the same thing

[@maxmulder]

Simply The Best channel if your are looking for new scientific/credible perspectives on old Egyptian architecture/"mysteries". This content is a must for all who appreciate an excellent scientific idea!

[@thor7564]

These people have written countless books, gotten solid funding and support…..and you just crush them with obvious facts. Great stuff :D

[@thor7564]

@@yukelalexandre8885 nonono. The Great Pyramid is a public lavatory for the hordes of giant Anunnakis that once lived in Egypt after Atlantis was hit by the Death Star and sank to Inner Earth. That's why the channels are not straight, as that would cause a big spash and mess if the velocity wasn't slowed down by the curving channels. The height of the channels in the Queens and Kings room matches perfectly for people with height impairement who can easily recieved the golden shower from the Kings in a comfertable manner. Just do the math!

[@daveg.]

Egyptian builder: "We don't need to finish these channels, no one will ever see them." Robots 4500 years later: 👁👄👁

[@masaharumorimoto4761]

Even Khufu must have been overlooking the build and said "eh, no worries, no one's gonna see that shit" lol.

[@PedjoGT]

​@@masaharumorimoto4761It is strange because pyramid is builded over long period of time...tunnels also so i cant believe in that theory.....

[@sancho8521]

​@@masaharumorimoto4761... Khufu didn't build it is what I believe. The pyramids were found there and are much older than we know

[@michaeludeze8470]

@@sancho8521 My argument, as well. Ancient Egypt did not built the Pyramids. For sure, ancient Egyptians built huge structures, but they were influenced by existing massive structures of a forgotten civilization. Even Egyptology offers proof of this. Egyptology argues that: *"The great Pyramid of Giza was the pinnacle of pyramid construction, and afterwards, the monuments began to shrink in size. The subsequent pyramids became less ambitious in complexity."* But that is not how science, construction and civilization progresses. The past of the same civilization is not more complex and sophisticated than it's future!

[@Slawyes]

@@masaharumorimoto4761 Khufu or whoever it was who died and was buried there probably wanted it to be perfect, but as soon as he died the construction (probably lasting most of his lifetime at least) was halted by the new pharaoh and his court to not spend any more resources on this insane project that was never going to be finished :D

[@whattheheckisthisthing]

I really like how critical and detail oriented you are. Keep up the good work

[@jpx1508]

1) Classical Egyptologists have become "Big Idea Guys" and "Political Players", people with vested ideas and constituencies. 2) The detail focus on the opening, in ancient times, of the Channels is refreshingly prescient. Outstanding !! 3) The King's Chamber was not sealed à la Tutankhamen, but designed to breath, to be accessed and to be used by the priesthood. It is that simple. 4) The wealth of Pharaoh Khufu was never in the King's Chamber. Pharaoh Khufu does not follow Tutankhamen.

[@TheMerryPrangster]

Thanks armchair expert

[@JorisSomers]

Prefab channels, opened with a tubedrill and dressed squared after the construction of the chamber,... Remarkable observations, more questions. Love it!!!

[@TohaBgood2]

If you look at it from a construction worker's perspective, even a modern construction worker, a lot of the "controversy" about these features just melts away.

[@bryede]

So, if the Queen's Chamber is unfinished, then we can assume the pyramid had at least one major design change. The fact that the air shafts exist in both chambers probably means the King's Chamber is a revised Queen's Chamber and the change was known early enough to cap off the vents 15 meters from the outside. It makes you wonder which features of the pyramid only exist as a result of the revision and which were original (and if switching from underground to the Queen's Chamber was actually the first revision). The grand gallery certainly wasn't necessary to build the Queen's Chamber. Perhaps the granite plugging stones were in the original plan because there were to be no portcullises and perhaps the well shaft was always going to be the way out.

[@PickledShark]

I wonder if the capped off queens chamber vents are evidence that the pyramid was originally a stepped design? The same could potentially be said about the strange vertical joints in the vent shafts

[@fritter63]

Ancient Architects channel has a great video that makes a convincing argument that the pyramid was originally planned to be smaller (and end where the queens chamber shafts stop), and was enlarged, including moving the burial chamber.

[@kennethferland5579]

@@fritter63 I think thieirs a decent chance this is true, though it could be tha the entire 'inner' pyrimid was finished up to the top before the enlargement began, or the enlargement could begin at some point after the Kings chamber is completed and 'finalized' as the chamber to be used and the entire upper pryrimid is completed as one effort after the expanded base catches up with the current construction level. The muon scans might be able to resolve this distinction if it finds a density discontinuity in the pyrimid at the original surface, and if that discontinuity stops apruptly part way up the pyrimid then it will be strong evidence that the expnsion happend before completion of the original plan.

[@keirfarnum6811]

It would make sense considering earlier pyramids had chambers like the Queen’s; but the design was changed part way through construction. They’re really “King’s Chamber 1.0” and “King’s Chamber 2.0.”

[@keirfarnum6811]

@@fritter63 Fascinating. I will have to check it out. Thanks.

[@WilliamHarbert69]

The thoroughness of your review and careful methodology of building your hypothesis and conclusions was compressive. Thank you for this contribution.

[@Kevin-lh1zz]

Another wonderful, thoughtful and thorough video. Thank you for all your hard work. Looking forward to the next one!! All the best

[@leomchesi]

this is a PHD thesis level, u deserve one ;)

[@yessir7147]

@@elreydavid1857You mean factual, not narrow minded. Its not narrow minded if you prioritize facts over fiction.

[@keirfarnum6811]

@@elreydavid1857 Oh! You mean he’s not engaging in grand speculations about advanced alien civilizations building the pyramids for generating power in some never explained manner? 😂

[@ChrisDragotta]

@@keirfarnum6811 I think that is exactly what he is doing. And the evidence suggests this, yes. I don't think people could have done what he is showing.

[@anatolydyatlov963]

@@ChrisDragotta "I don't think people could have done what he is showing" - just like anyone, you can have your own opinions, but until you provide good arguments to support them, people won't have any reason to believe you.

[@Groddon]

I am litteraly amazed by the unfinished corner of the queen chamber's entrance. A simple and pratical solution, left as evidence of their labour, by workers lived thousands of years ago.

[@jjzecherle]

Another outstanding video...created by simply noticing simple things which have remained in plain sight for millenia. Thank you.

[@tomdegerlia640]

Very impressive work! You consistently deliver the most objective, fact-based, and logical analysis of the old kingdom pyramids, and I can't thank you enough. This is an amazing observation about the shafts having been opened after construction. I think your conclusion here is sound, and this is a really important finding. Proving a few things, the most important of which is, despite the countless people who have pondered the pyramids, there are still many very clear pieces of evidence in plain sight that have not yet been correctly interpreted. Your point about coming at the problem with an open mind is exactly the challenge, almost everything we can observe is viewed in the context of the presumptions we make, presumptions upon presumptions sometimes. If one approaches it with common sense, the answer will be elusive. Rhetoric like, "everyone knows they were tombs" and "they were aimed at these stars", as if either factually precludes the countless other bogus suggestions that have been made. To me, this confusion presents an exciting opportunity. The only way to approach this problem is with an empty mind. Which is where I come in. I think there is evidence of another practical function of the shafts, in addition to their very clear function as ventilation. There is a viable theory that may hold water. :-P From the photos, I see a few things. There was a recess dug into the stone course at the top of one of the shafts. This wedge-shaped cavity interfaced to the shaft opening at the bottom inward face of the recess, which seems consistent with water use - an area (recess) to accept water and form a pool, and for that water to drain entirely down the shaft without pooling or other obstruction. Something that functions simply as an air shaft need not incur this engineering expense. But there is a lot of other obvious evidence: 1. If one were to put a garden hose down either shaft, the water would flow from that point to the subterranean chamber without any significant pooling or obstruction, nor any places to significantly "leak" out of the pyramid via some other path. A lot would absorb into the dry stone, but that isn't my point. 2. Every part of the path the water would take is engineered for water flow: - From the photos taken inside the shafts, the chisel marks are reasonably consistent with the flow direction, especially around corners where the flow would have been more turbulent. - The portcullises are designed to seal toward the interior, vs. the exterior of the portcullises - hinting that they could have been designed to resist water pressure and allow the room to fill with water. the two shafts enter the room below the lip of the sarcophagus - the passage into the room is also consistent with this height. 3. Every part of the path water would take shows evidence of water and sediment erosion. - There appear to be significant erosion marks -all in the direction of flow - This abrasion stops at a consistent height on both sides of the shaft. - Judging by the abrasion in some spots, it seems likely that not only did water flow, but that water flowed for a significant time. - The incline of the shaft, combined with the incline of the entire path from the top of the shaft to the bottom of the subterranean chamber, is absent of even a single location for potential pooling, all with significant erosion. - The erosion gets greater toward the bottom of the shaft and the bottom of the structure, both consistent with the accumulation of larger and more debris that has passed a particular location. Of course, there are some challenges with this theory, like, why seal the room if they didn't want the water level to exceed the height of the sarcophagus? But we don't have the complete portcullis stones intact, so it is difficult to assess whether this could have accommodated this amount of water flow. If not, the only explanation for water would require that it fill the room completely before draining into the gallery, which would draw into question the alignment of the sarcophagus and the height of the shafts. Again, we don't know that is not the case. The question of how water could have come in these shafts: if this theory is correct, water was either attained from rainfall and channeled onto the shafts by a sort of a gutter in the outer casing stones, which, at the time, would have periodically produced significant flows of water collected from the watershed represented by the top of the pyramid. Alternatively, the ancient Egyptians had the technology to elevate water to supply the shafts if that was necessary. The question of why: To me, it feels like an elaborate soul house (super-popular with the ancient Egyptians). This theme of the river being central to life and the afterlife seems to have been central to how ancient Egyptians thought. But it also demonstrated the height of their knowledge and technology. I would love to get a comment or two, to help me debunk some of these conclusions. if I can't defend my thinking, I'm probably not correct. Thank you again, my friend, for another amazing episode of History for Granted. And thanks to anyone else who took the time to read through this comment. Cheers!

[@jadneves]

Realmente no passado as lendas sobre o Rio Estirge que leva as almas condenadas poderia entrar na pauta de seu estudos talvez como na pia batismal e de onde surgem novas vidas;

[@ievgeniipolozov3818]

interesting theory. Especially since the video doesn't explain why the shafts are only in one pyramid. And without this answer it all is just a mere speculation. And has the weaknesses of such explanation unsolved

[@danpetitpas]

@@ievgeniipolozov3818 Well, the Great Pyramid is the only pyramid with chambers within the structure itself. The other pyramids had either underground chambers or chambers built on top of the bedrock and not within the structure itself. Maybe the architects thought they needed air inside the chamber as the pyramid was being built around it and over the chamber.

[@ievgeniipolozov3818]

@@danpetitpas that's an interesting observation!

[@XxxXxx-dc3ud]

The best show on KZbin thanks for the effort dude

[@DogukanMuezzinler]

I watched this only once (so far) but if I understand correctly, the point you are making is that the shafts are most probably for air circulation, and the openings of the shafts in the King's chamber were cut after the construction was completed. So, they were built to provide air to the persons that would enter the chamber and spend some time there, which brings us to ask the "better question": if it was a burial site, why would they build such well-planned air shafts and put so much effort into them? In other words, if the chambers would have visitors that needed fresh air, who could be those visitors and why would they stay in the chamber for extended amounts of time? Therefore, assuming that the shafts are indeed for air, and openings were cut after completion, the whole purpose of the pyramids must be reconsidered. There were always suggestions that they might be for religious initiation practices but the details you pointed out provided more support for such theories. I am looking forward to the next video.

[@ben0thomas123]

I was having the same question - basically what's worth the effort to build such channels - and for the Queen Chamber, why not finish them if it's to breath or air the inside. Hypothesis: If the Queen Chamber isn't finished / channels not opened, could it be because the King's chamber - which was mechanically build after the Queen's - proved to be more prominant burial chamber (thus well finished), whilst the Queen's Chamber was abandonned as the original King's Chamber? Long shot but the fact the access to the Queen's chamber was to be completely hidden could just have been because it was planned to abandon that burial chamber altogether (ie: leave it empty), before being repurposed as Queen's chamber. Egyptians are known for the "try and learn" approach. At 43 min in the video, there's the view of the pyramid with chambers and channels - where the Queen's chamber channels can be seen being stopped as the King's Chamber was being finished (roof level) - point in time where a decision would have been made to stop the work on the Queen's chamber (including sharpening edge and opening the channels). Happy to get your thoughts -

[@JiandiP]

Are you familiar with initiations which simulate death? Perhaps it's a temple as much as it's a tomb.

[@Worix21]

​@@ben0thomas123 with very limited knowledge of the pyramids this was my thought during the video.

[@AaronBidlack-zh8uk]

Absolutely awesome research with a keen eye, an open mind, and sound logic! Great job! Thank you!

[@dav3109an]

Very interseting indeed! More solutions but more questions, preserving the beauty and mystic of the Egypt i love.

[@SpacePeanutte]

Ancient laundry chutes

[@jamesatwell6446]

😂😂😂

[@Nobbie248]

Bruh

[@dananorth895]

Chimney air exhaust for the hotdog and expresso stands.

[@lucidonoccasion5012]

Guess there's no need to watch the video anymore 🤣🤣

[@Inkling777]

Do you think the Pharaoh was so short on cash that his wife had to take in laundry?

[@xplosivsushi]

This lends more credence to the pyramid being used regularly post construction as opposed to corpse disposal. Love your work

[@toncek9981]

These aren't mutually exclusive though...

[@raresaturn]

If they are indeed air channels, it proves that it is not a tomb. If is was a tomb then they are not air channels.

[@toncek9981]

@@raresaturn except it totally doesn't... some kind of ventilation is pretty standard when it comes to tombs. If anything, it proves that pyramid was intended to be used for something (probably religious rituals) some time before or even after the burial. Given the existence of mortuary temples and apparent longevity of some pharaoh cults, this probably shouldn't even be all that surprising...

[@patrickstjean7646]

​​@@raresaturnever been in a cold cellar? ventilation is critical for preserving organic matter, so if you want a mummified body to last as long as possible, you need to vent heat and moisture. that makes it's way into the chamber from outside elements

[@Driessens_Peter]

@@toncek9981 i was thinking the same, what if the piramids where just some kind of mortuary, where body's laid to rest for a while and mummified, to get burried afterwarths in the valley of kings, the bigger the piramid the greater the person that needed to get burried, just a thought

[@Moto_Medics]

Always so stoked to see an upload from you ❤

[@masaharumorimoto4761]

Thanks, so busy it took me almost 3 days to get to watch this, had to clear the To-Do list completely, weekend went poof lol.

[@guidopahlberg9413]

We know that church crypts used to be constructed to allow for constant air flow. This would allow for minimal decay and optimal preservation of corpses. It is also possible that perishable goods, like foods, were placed in the chamber at the time of the burial. So the air flow would allow them to dry and thus prevent mold.

[@lathyo]

I live in cairo, so if you need photos of something specific just let me know. Great work dude keep it up

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

I would love to get photos and video of the current activity at Menkaure's pyramid with the casing stones. Anything and everything you can get from this would be appreciated.

[@lathyo]

Ok give me a few days and ill go

[@1976wjm]

​@@lathyo Did you follow through on your offer?

[@Tomee66666]

Fantastic!, great work, loved the history & the reasoning, i especially like how you said this makes us ask more questions. Thankyou!❤😊

[@ByronBanger]

I think in one of your other videos you mentioned the cult of the Pharoah would have priests worshipping in the pyramid, so the air channels are presumably for their benefit, and to allow incense and lamp smoke to filter out, considering the high rate of air flow you mentioned in this video.

[@Hat6000]

This adds so much clarity to the misconceptions I had about this feature of the Great Pyramid. Much appreciated. Can't wait for further revelations about this fascinating monument.

[@greghelms4458]

I like your idea that we still have questions amongst a seemingly perfect explanation as to why. Very good video sir.

[@user-on5ee1xk7d]

seemingly perfect

[@patrickstjean7646]

I think you do a great job of following logic and putting to rest the more implausible theories without using a "debunking" approach. Those who need reason most, quickly shut down if they feel attacked. This was an excellent excellent essay.

[@MrFishPie]

Seeing what others have dismissed or not even thought of is a valuable attribute, and this video is simply one of the finest on KZbin, if not ever. Well done, and thank you for such an in-depth look at these shafts.

[@flemwad]

This channel has set a new higher benchmark in regards to scientifically questioning pyramid construction

[@eyeroll5060]

Id love to see a really in depth video on the subterrainian tunnels under the pyramid. The large unfinished chamber intrigues me most. Theres talk that water once filled the tunnels. And apparently theres a much more expansive system of tunnels than i previously thought. Please tell us more

[@roystewart4826]

It’s long amazed myself how people in general always rush to find a solution to a problem then quite often settle for the simplest first thing they land on then close the book. Sometime this will work as the obvious can be hidden in plain sight but a stubborn bolted door is good for no one a free thinking mind like yours is so refreshing and gets to the answer in a believable way without ignoring some of the pieces that make the puzzle complete thank you for you enjoyable videos,

[@chrisc626]

So refreshing to have someone with an open mind, as opposed to many other so called Egyptologist who only live in their own mind set.

[@atlas_au]

hands down some of the greatest content on youtube ever created. I commend your deep research, critical thinking and credible hypotheses.

[@patjohn775]

I wish we could do a user poll on a mystery that needs solved on something in the world and see what conclusions this careful and meticulous man would come to. Maybe another topic entirely!

[@Holy.HannaH]

Trying to find information on the pyramids that isn't pure speculation or opinion so that I can form my own has proven quite difficult and time consuming, thanks so much for sharing what you've come across👏

[@barongerhardt]

The money isn't in just describing what is there today, but in creating a grand spectacle and story to sell books and shows. The religious explanations are always a great playground. You can make up anything and no one can prove you wrong.

[@Holy.HannaH]

@@yukelalexandre8885 who the fuck you talking to man?

[@truthtime684]

I love how you're showing all that writing like it's on the inside of the pyramid when we both know it's not there's no writing inside the Great pyramid

[@jonasbijlsma9943]

I have a wild theory for the question of who the ventilation was for: it was for the mummy. By keeping the humidity and temperature lower and stable, the body would be preserved better. A similar thing happens in the Mummy Crypt in Wiuwert. There, some very old bodies of people and animals have been preserved and the reason is still unknown. The only logical correlation as to why the bodies get preserved so well in that room is that there are two small openings (sort of windows) with a similar size to the pyramid channels to let light and air in, on the north and south side of the church. For some reason, this keeps the humidity and temperature in the room at a remarkably stable level. I've visited this crypt a couple years ago on a very warm day and the climate in the crypt itself was very pleasant. It's very much a long shot, but I couldn't help but not think about this being a reason as to why they would go out of their way to construct this.

[@BerndTheBrick]

Wow. This is the best explaination for all.

[@daos3300]

except 1. the wiuwert mummies mummified naturally, and the causes for that are as yet unproven, and 2. assuming there ever was an egyptian mummy in the great pyramid it would have already undergone a comprehensive process of mummification, for which the absolute best place to ensure longevity would be a completely sealed, airless crypt.

[@kennethferland5579]

Not credible. The Egyptians would not have been able to determine how much airflow would result from the channels and what effect that would have on a mummy. They also completly fail to ever repeat this feature dispite clearly still caring a lot about the preservation of the mummy and were very successful in keeping their mummies preserved without such ventalation devices.

[@wicksy68]

For me, definitely air shafts, remember the Egyptians used oil lamps which burn oxygen, if Khufu was laid to rest within his chamber there would have been a huge ceremony with many important dignitaries participating maybe over a few hours and thus would require a comfortable atmosphere to deliver Khufu to the afterlife.

[@441rider]

The pyramids got sloppy after Giza era the one that has no artistic work inside and better cut stone not fill rocks. The channels would be a safe way to feed a captive ancient creature too.

[@fvckingtest]

@@441rider Had me at the start, lost me towards the end...

[@441rider]

Spiritual metafore,@@fvckingtest

[@kevh7941]

Most plausible theory imo

[@maau5trap273]

@@441rider😂

[@ZwoterAccount2]

One of the best channels on youtube. Always a pleasure.

[@jonathantatler]

A fantastic and logical explanation as you take us through your reasoning without agenda. Thank you so much.

[@nibzmusic]

This channel is literally at cutting edge of bringing the ancient past to life. As you explained the 3 different cuts I had a sense of truth that I haven't felt in a long time. It all makes sense now. As you were explaining, I could literally see them cutting the stone in my imagination and it really felt like I was there. I can't wait for the next video. Keep up the good work 👌🏾

[@travismaenle9416]

This is a cutting edge channel about cutting edges into channels

[@PanyingPilot]

Your freedom to explore your interests unhampered by Egyptology dogma coupled with exacting observational skills makes for compelling and intelligent disccourse. Praise!

[@PakaBassPlaya]

thrilled for the next ones. that ending gave me goosebumps

[@DisgruntledDoomer]

This channel is such a gem, but I keep missing the livestreams, LOL!

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

Many thanks!

[@douginorlando6260]

If they were air vents, then perhaps 2 were required depending on which way any wind was blowing. The lea side of the pyramid would have less air pressure and thus facilitate air movement in one channel and out the other. Also depending on relative temperature of the stone versus outside air, the air in the channel would be denser than the outside air which creates a natural downdraft through the channel, or is less dense if the pyramid is warmer than outside air which would create a natural updraft (same as a wood stove chimney). This way the chamber could always have fresh air and CO2 buildup from lamps and workers would be cleared to safe levels. Another reason for circulating air would be to dry out any rain water that seeps in and collects inside. If they knew about embalming/preservation, then they would make sure to prevent water damage Also if for air circulation, then fire in the chamber near the lea side channel opening could heat air going up the channel thereby creating a strong updraft. Also, besides CO2 buildup, air may have needed to be constantly replaced during painting if Egyptians used oil based paint.

[@eircK]

Very cool ideas both to help with preservation of a mummy and of paint. I'd also suspect that the pyramid could also be used for ritual purposes and/or to show it off before the pharaoh died and was buried in it. How much would a foreign leader be amazed if the pharaoh brought them in there for example. In that case nice smelling air would be a pretty important thing.

[@Chris.Davies]

Wind could easily create a Venturi effect on the shaft openings on the north and south faces. Closing the shafts was simple done to make the chamber pretty when the ventilation was no longer required. Oil lamps with salt added to the oil do not produce any smoke, but they do produce significant amounts of CO2 and heat, and while the heat may not have been debilitating, CO2 kills people pretty quickly: you simply get tired, and go to sleep, never to wake up again. And while OSH wasn't a priority back then, it was economically beneficial not to allow your workers to die of asphyxiation.

[@kennethferland5579]

No this dosn't make any sense. The fact that their are 2 channels is evidence that its a ritual feature not a practical one. If the pyrimid is open the ventalation will always be to draw air in at the north side entrace and for it to go up through the structure and out the channels. One large channel would be far far easier to make then 2 seperate ones, and if 2 channels from the queens chamber were already made then they should have been used to add more ventilation, the fact they reamained closed permently and were aparently built over once the Kings chamber was completed and became the target burial chamber invalidates the ventilation theory.

[@JeremyNasmith]

Air will only move through a space if there is a way in AND a way out. You require both shafts for air to circulate. You can blow through a straw, but not if you block the other end while you do it. One passage might be for ritual. Two passages allow air to flow in, through, and back out again.

[@gerretw]

Something not discussed - hot air rises. We see the shafts rising. In most attic or crawlspace construction multiple vents are used, and on attics usually some are low to allow cool air to enter and other higher to carry the heat up and out of the building. If air was rising through the grand gallery it could exit via these two shafts naturally.

[@wallymcshifty]

Ancient Architects relased a video a couple days ago explaining a theory on what the Grand Gallery was used for. Now this video! Great week for ancient Egypt

[@chriskelly2939]

If the AA video was your first time hearing about that theory, please watch The Revelation of the Pyramids documentary. It’s where the theory is introduced among other things like the spiral ramp theory.

[@Nturner822]

You’ve become my favourite KZbinr for this content bro - love how you tear apart all the nonsense out there. (2nd is science against myth - worth a visit)

[@Teamgeschiedenis]

This is magnificent work. I greatly admire your thoroughness and reasoning!

[@dointh4198]

Truely an remarkable eye for detail! But I have spotted a flaw in the "Ventilation theory": The air-flow works by the upward angle with a chimney-effect. But the chamber was sealed off from the Grand Gallery with several blocking stones on different locations. There was no air flow other than through the shafts themseves. So it would have been nearly nonexistent. Hence either the ventilation was a necessity in the building process when the chamber was open like today. Otherwise the channels could have been part of the final sealing mechanism. Considering the shafts in the queens chamber unfinished, the Great Pyramid seems more and more like a work in progress with at least three stages: a classical mastaba with the underground chamber, the "first stage" Pyramid with the Queens chamber and finally the expansion to its present shape with the Kings chamber. Thank you for your great work!

[@panchopuskas1]

- good points. I agree with the 3 phases suggestion, simply because it makes sense and answers a lot of questions. As for the ventilation, it could have been that the ancient pyramids were, in the beginning, open for ceremonial events although entry was probably restricted to an elite few. That would explain the need for ventilation. Just an idea.....

[@PickledShark]

Yes, the chimney effect was on my mind the whole time too. Perhaps it would still function given all the cracks in the masonry, plus the well shaft, and the fact that the portcullis was not air tight. More importantly, perhaps the ventilation was for visitors. Perhaps there was a period of days, weeks, or even months to years when the portcullis would have been left open for people to visit the kings chamber. In this case, the ventilation is for the benefit of visitors.

[@springbloom5940]

The shafts are different lengths

[@DrBernon]

That is a great point. For ventilation it would have worked better with one horizontal and another going up to get that chimney effect. But maybe the clue is in one thing he read from old explorers claiming there was soot from lamps. Maybe they are a literal chimney to place lamps on and get the smoke out. With one on each side they would give a nice light.

[@jstdrv]

Practice your grammar please, It's so hard to understand what you mean.

[@subaruthug]

To say they are air shafts only makes sense if they were open to be used as air shafts.....since they weren't open, then we are still no closer to working out their true purpose. Dixon had to break through solid rock in the Queens chamber to open them, so they weren't just plugged up either.

[@NewLifeFromTheWayofTruth]

They*were open.. you should probably finish the video before you start speaking

[@JamieTransNyc]

Did you even watch this video?

[@istooptoconcur1593]

as usual, great work. i admit i was, prior to seeing this video, convinced by the pharoah's soul explanation, but you arguments are utterly damning of this interpretation. of course two shafts more suggests air going in and out rather than a soul meeting a choice of exits. i am reminded of the mysticism once attributed to hieroglyphs versus the later discovery that they were just script used for practical communication.

[@BuilderLee72]

I want to thank you for the incredible amount of time and effort expired in bringing us this information. I found it both fascinating and a remarkable testament to the architects of old, with their tremendous thirst for knowledge, incredible dedication and their amazing attention to detail. Be safe and take care

[@raytheron]

You never cease to amaze me, just like the pyramids do. Your integrity and openness of mind are what Egyptology has been sorely missing for far too long.

[@theviscountvampyre763]

25:08 "as above so below, I believe someone once said." made me smile. Thank you.

[@douginorlando6260]

Dude, you are singlehandedly creating huge interest in the pyramids. Egypt should let you film the pyramids up close with drones like you wanted to do. Any discoveries you make amps up public awareness and interest which is very good for tourism.

[@MildaGoesWild]

A great video that answers a lot and provokes yet more questions. The fact that they might not have existed there for ventilation during the building, and yet one of the is blocked by that stone with bolts, suggests they weren't that key even after the build, is just mind-boggling. The channels are now my new favourite thing.

[@pure_awareness]

And the drilling and saw cutting? With such precision 4000 years ago, what were they doing in there....

[@paint4pain]

Only those of the unfinished "queen's chamber" are blocked off, both of the ones in the king's chamber are open. If the channels are for air then it makes sense that the ones for the unfinished room would be blocked off. My guess is the underground chamber was abandoned when it was decided to have activities in the tomb, then the queens chamber was the first planed chamber for the tomb, but was abandoned for some reason (maybe it not grandiose enough). The king's chamber was then planed at the top of the grand gallery in much the same style as the queen's chamber but bigger.

[@pure_awareness]

@@paint4pain I like this angle of thinking thanks.

[@GalaxyT25]

BRAVO!! It is SO INCREDIBLE how you tower over other content through simple (yet critically important ) observations of the stone. The cuts are the key and while i find myself sheepishly hoping for some dramatic reveal that the pyramid is a tomb that was built through the use of a ram pump which is designed into the structure itself… I’m still happier standing on logical discoveries that show it to be a wonder of engineering in every respect. It does seem that your theory only further creates room for the idea that the pyramid was enlarged. i’ll have to look for more of your videos discussing the assertion that there is an internal ramp. Maybe you could point me there? Thank you in advance absolutely love your content and careful dissection of your subjects. Best in class!!

[@R0guemetal]

I appreciate the effort involved with the making and producing of this video

[@the.bronze]

So much looking forward to this - your content is always awesome

[@RalphEllis]

They are angles of latitude and longitude. If you plot them on a map, using the Giza Meridian, you will find another pyramid that looks exactly the same as the Great Pyramid. Strange, but true. See: K2, Quest of Gods. Ralph

[@jacobjacob5735]

@@RalphEllis Sure, and the ancient egyptians were already using latitude, longitude and they already had a line going through greenwitch marked on their map. How do people image such stupid ideas?

[@fvckingtest]

@@jacobjacob5735 "ANCIENT ALIEN THEORISTS BELIEVE..."

[@ajl6854]

@@jacobjacob5735just report it as spam. He’s trying to sell his ancient aliens clone book that has terrible reviews.

[@letyvasquez2025]

The light speed latitude, dude.

[@elainejanemarshall8578]

Amazing love your channel and always watch to the end xx

[@TheZoodonym]

Brrrrrriallliant as always, the best quest for an answer is better questions that come from it

[@davidjordan2336]

"Unfinished" can mean either "without finishing" or "incomplete." You make a good case for the Queen's Chamber being unfinished. (Although you leave unexplored the possibility that the shafts in the King's Chamber original construction were also blocked as they are in the Queen's, and were subsequently opened in antiquity in a manner similar to what happened more recently for the Queen's'). And ventilation has always seemed the most likely purpose for the shafts given how immediately effective they proved upon clearing. But while I don't dismiss the idea out of hand, I have difficulty accepting that the Queen's Chamber is an incomplete abandoned project. You just don't get that close to finishing something only to abandon it. I feel similarly about the granite casing stones on the Menkaure pyramid. It doesn't make sense to me that they just never got around to completing it. If they left the stones that way, they must have had some reason for it. So the interesting question remains why they left it this way. There's another significant feature of the Queen's Chamber air shafts that you don't address here. (Not that this detracts from what you do address). And that's that their elevation at their end is exactly the elevation of the ceiling stone in the uppermost of the so-called "relieving chambers." (At least it appears that way in all of the detailed diagrams I've seen). This seems too much of a coincidence to not have been deliberate. So why do they stop there? If they were for ventilation, they'd need to make it all the way to the exterior. So why go all that way, including the awkward jog around the Grand Gallery, only to abandon the effort? You mention that the visible surfaces are all well-made, while the interior areas are much more approximate and haphazard. I seem to remember reading that the Queen's' air shaft becomes much more well-finished as it approaches the plug/door. This implies to me some functional purpose at that location. I don't have any theories to offer, but it really seems to me that there's a relationship between the Queen's and King's Chambers because of those shafts.

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

It's really only the last QC channel block that is finely finished. It's only natural to make it a bit nicer before the boss comes to sign off on the completed job.

[@landspide]

Spot on, I think they were part of THE mechanism itself used to build the pyramids... I am surprised we haven't yet worked this out. :)

[@8TENASTER8IDS]

​@@HistoryforGRANITE .....you need to address my point above, likewise you have not answered the question here, WHY both the Queen's Chambers northern and southern shaft's do not penetrate to the exterior of The Great Pyramid like the King's Chamber shaft's ???.....

[@EdB-qh4up]

The QC airshafts not reaching the exterior is the Matt's Ancient Architects hypothesis: the pyramid was double upgraded - they abandoned the subterranean chamber, than the middle chamber and last upgraded to the 3rd chamber.

[@8TENASTER8IDS]

@@EdB-qh4up .....WOW! a great deal of "ABANDONED" work implemented then throughout the construction of The Great Pyramid ?!?!?.....So basically, these highly insightful pyramid builders and architects of ancient Egyptian antiquity had absolutely NO predetermined ground plan or preconceived ideas for the colossal stone construction techniques and mathematics required for the Giza Plateau Pyramids ???, instead just continually abandoned 'on-a-whim' and readjusted accordingly as they continued throughout the building process, yes LOL !!!.....

[@jeyhey5320]

This is a great step forward in understanding the pyramid! Your discovery that the shafts were first sealed and then opened in a final step is very interesting!

[@badpossum440]

But they weren't were they, until 1872.

[@jeyhey5320]

@@badpossum440 I‘m talking of course of the shafts in the king‘s chamber.

[@maau5trap273]

I am left speechless by the amount of amazing work being done here. I’m wondering if I missed something on the video but what happened to the horizontal stone that was removed?

[@C_Rodica]

Marvelous explanations! I don't regret watching this. Thank you, thank you, thank you!

[@bcc1955]

Still don't see why channels are not straight. Are they steering around another space? Engineers generally don't prefer random curves if they are seeking the shortest distance to the surface.

[@Pickloejoe]

Thank you for so eloquently addressing how experts often portray themselves as having understanding beyond the reach of most. I share this belief that they do not, and hearing someone else say it is music to my ears. Spot on!

[@mafiousbj]

Specially in history where there are tons of amateurs that may know more than "experts" because they come from another field. Like an engineer interested in history may be able to make more complex or accurate theories regarding ancient buildings than someone who is just an archaeologist or historian (knowing lots of facts but lacking practical knowledge). I'm a geologist and the amount of times I have seen good scientists fall for confirmation bias or other logical falacies is amazing. Sometimes we are just too deep into a theory we can't take a step back and see a bigger picture.

[@barongerhardt]

@@mafiousbj Way too common is the is the belief that religion explains the thing with a practical use than the practical use explains the religious belief. The reason the shafts were built was for ventilation when the king or royal family visited the finished project. The explanation to those that don't understand such things is to give a story. It is for the soul, it points to some star, the symmetry, whatever it takes to convince the power that be or future generations that inclusion of such feature/practice is important.

[@mafiousbj]

@@barongerhardt yeah I agree. But the issue gets worse because of the way expeditions teams get funded and put together. Usually the "expert" with bold and exciting claims gets the funding and he makes up his team with mostly their own understudies/phd students that wouldn't dare contradict their master for fear/respect (specially if you wanna get you peer reviewed papers cleared for publication more easily), so these theories keep getting traction unopposed with more and more papers or books published. Worse still, in the future anyone researching the topic will mostly find an overwhelming amount of papers on that theory, so the same old explainations and "evidence" keep getting recycled because it's the "consensus". And they rarely bring experts from other fields, which imo would be extremely important in archaeology since the topic of study is potentially very complex. As a personal example, I remember doing my thesis there was a paper saying a rock outcrop was granite. When I went there I realized it was on the other side of a stream at the bottom of a valley, so crossed it and to my surpirse the outcrop was glass, not granite, meaning it was a completely different kind of volcanic activity product (and that has ramifications). My theory is the guy who wrote the paper never crossed the stream (the photos he posted of the outcrop were from really far away and in b&w). Hadn't I crossed the stream any future student would still be citing wrong information about that outcrop. That's why lazy science can be so damaging. Sometimes is better to say we don't know, but that's usually highly discouraged in academic circles :(

[@georgeharteman4083]

What a great piece of work, revealing in one word. thanks

[@mattscott8961]

I found this in depth, detailed lesson fantastic! And I thought I was up to date on the latest pyramid observations and theories. Still wonder about the power/tesla connection 🤔 Subbed 👍🏻

[@infantryblack]

Been waiting for this one since you teased it. Great work and thank you.

[@trydar]

new questions indeed. ive never seen the shafts in such good detail, you can clearly see the different tool marks left that reveals the purpose. but also more answers we can tease out too? 1) the unfinished edge on the queens chamber entrance would lead us to believe the room was not given its finishing touches, thus the suggestion the shafts were meant to be opened in the original plan, but since the queens shafts are sealed off at both ends, it means a change of final plans for the burial chamber was made quite late and moved up to the kings chamber instead. 2) they seem to have been hedging their bets about the kings chamber since the shafts are finished almost to the casing, but were confident enough to go ahead and seal them off after the top chevrons were laid down and the granite beam cracks didn't get any worse since they seem to have been sealed off at that course of masonry. 3) the beam holes for flooring on the grand gallery also would have the entrance to the queens chamber essentially paved over and forgotten about along with the lower unfinished chamber as well. likely with a cedar floor and stairs over the whole thing, pinned into the open sockets left along the sides. 4) the shaft openings were among the very last things to do before finishing the chamber since the queens shafts reach very high up but are not opened back down at the bottom. 5) the rough finish inside the shafts do indicate a utilitarian use for them and not a spiritual one, otherwise they might be made of polished granite and be bang straight. that they wiggle around then take the shortest route out also implies simple utility. 6) the concept of the false door for the soul would have been used for ritualistic purposes and not a small shaft. 7) the queens shafts would have been continually covered with those "doors" as construction progressed upwards, the kings shaft likely had similar covers until they broke the surface. they are prolly broken and in the core rubble infill of a nearby mastaba after the valuable copper was removed. 8) the ball, hook and handle were dropped into the shaft on accident at some point higher up. or possibly thrown in by the poor soul in charge of that shaft when he was told all his work was for nothing they were using the upper chamber now. >=( 9) early reports of a painted ceiling in the queens chamber before the salt got to it was prolly leftover construction marks like "paint here" "carve this off" etc. since we can now conclude it was an unfinished space. if the queens chamber also was meant for a second burial with the kings chamber then the shafts would have been finished to the same degree as the diagnostic marks in the kings chamber would conclude. thus the pyramid was a 1 occupant structure. 10) there is 1 thing I can think of for why they would want fresh air into the burial chamber. having the burial chambers so high above the entrance might trap and foul the air over time and made it impossible to have a lighted lamp, and the very last thing in the burial ritual was for the priests to light 4 lamps around the sarcophagus to keep the evil spirits away and dump some water on a pile of grain to symbolize new life and then drop the portcullis slabs. would be abit awkward to get to the lamp part and have it not work. so they do seem to be simple vent shafts, but also with very important uses since they built two of them in different directions incase one failed. misc thoughts: 11) the cracks over that block to the right of the sarcophagus really need to be examined if its hiding a passage like the queens shafts were, perhaps to the small magazine chambers that seem to be missing from the design as they are in the later pyramids. mabye its the rest of his mothers furniture in there who knows? 12) the grand gallery seems like the corbels stop way too soon into a flat ceiling, they ought to go alot higher up before flattening off which seems to be what the scan pyramids project has found. if they built 5 relieving chambers over the kings chamber then id expect at least one over the grand gallery too? cant have that collapsing either. 13) since we can see the twist of the pyramid at the top in the core masonry infill, I wonder if alot of the other infill is laid down off angle on purpose in order to distribute the forces from the 4 sides away and if they alternated that angle for each infill course? a low chance that you see this or reply to me, but ive been watching you since the start of your channel, and your videos are very well done, please continue. (hands you a cookie) 🍪✨😸❤

[@HistoryforGRANITE]

Your summary and observations are very astute. It makes me happy to see that the information has been conveyed clearly. You’ll be very happy to get some more answers in the next video.

[@trydar]

@@HistoryforGRANITE thank you kindly for your reply, I shall await it with anticipation sir! 😸❤️✨

[@phlezktravels]

dude, nice comment. @@trydar

[@trydar]

@@phlezktravels thanks! 😸✨

[@masaharumorimoto4761]

Epic comment dude! Number 10 makes me think hard, you're on to something there, it's a basic answer that fits, Khufu when overseeing this project would have been like "Yo I heard the candles blew out at other burials, I don't want that shit happening to me, fix it!"

[@baudgaud]

I've always had an interest in the pyramids at Giza. All the passages, all the strange angles, and particularly the weird little opening at the bottom which heads down into the plateau and appears to have originally been cut all the way to the natural aquifers, was really weird. Why put a well at the bottom of a crypt? Then in 2014 I worked for a local water well service. Modern water wells consist of a single shaft down into the water table, with a perforated pipe down into the Earth and a mechanical pump at the very bottom. The perforations in that pipe allow water to seep into the pipe and the pump pushes that water up through the inside of yet another pipe system which leads to plumbing. Eventually those perforations, in the outer pipe, become clogged with sand, silt and rocks, so then the well service has to perform "an air lift" where they open the well head to attach a massive air compressor (the kind which can only be moved on a flatbed trailer) and they remove the inner pipe, connect the compressor to the outer pipe, and then push over 600psi down the pipe to blow the obstructions out of the perforations. The massive air pressure pushes the silt and debris out of the perforations dozens of feet below, and also pushes hundreds of gallons of water back up and out of the well head, around the outside of the perforated pipe. So for the last decade I've been convinced that all 3 pyramids at Giza represent ancient well heads, which effectively collect and pressurize air for the purpose of aerating and thereby pumping the water in the aquifers below. In this fashion, the massive pyramids could serve as non-mechanical pumps which drive water in the aquifers to wells and fountains which connect to the same aquifers, all over the plateau, with overflow welling back up into the pyramid itself like a cistern. My idea is that each pyramid was built as an upgrade to the previous. This layman's theory explains a whole lot of oddities, such as the undeniable evidence that the Sphinx enclosure (downhill from the Great Pyramid) has suffered water erosion (where different geological experts all agree that the water erosion occurred, but disagree as to how and why) and that the temple beneath the Sphinx was once completely filled with water. It further explains all the chambers in the pyramid as cisterns, and the steep uphill grade of the Great Pyramid's entrance shaft, for draining the cisterns onto the plateau surface.

[@johncrookes1197]

Imagine if it turned out that the pyramid was just one massive bong

[@stevesalkas9128]

Northern lights 😅😅😅 power plant

[@tjordulf]

I think, that's the best theory I've heard so far😁😊👍🏻

[@JackMehoph]

I prefer this explanation

[@VaultBoy-op2sr]

keep dreaming druggie

[@Joel-ml5bg]

They're carbs.

[@MrAddummm]

very good video. very good explanations. very good at asking/answering the right questions. indeed who was the ventilation for and why? looking forward to the next video.

[@garryalcock6118]

Well that certainly didn’t disappoint, that settles the shaft mystery once and for all. It’s been there all along staring everyone dead in the face, can’t wait for what’s next, love this channel.

[@JorgeStolfi]

The "ventilation" purpose also explains two features: (1) the channels were slanted, not horizontal, in order to provide natural draft as the hot air from workers and torches tended to rise. (2) there are two channels on opposite sides so that the wind blowing outside would force air into one channel and suck it out of the other. (I wonder what is the prevailing wind direction at that location...)

[@daniels4338]

1) they're not high enough on the wall for that to be helpful. The warm air and smoke will rise and accumulate. 2) long tiny hole seem like that would have negligible effect, and begs the question of why people are inside the pyramid with the main entrance blocked off, preventing airflow.

[@JorgeStolfi]

The ventilation provided by the channels _as they are,_ even without the electric fan, seems quite significant, and probably was enough for the workers standing on the floor. The architects must have had experience from previous tombs and mines. The problem you describe would apply only above 2-3 metres or more. The architects may not have thought of that. @@daniels4338

[@BenAlternate-zf9nr]

​@@daniels4338it was mentioned that on multiple occasions the "long tiny holes" were more than sufficient for ventilating the chamber. It was hot and uncomfortable before they were cleared and much cooler afterward.

[@negi9040]

Ancient and medieval homes burned oil and reeds for illumination and I don't think they had vents on or near the ceiling. Perhaps there is an air circulation mechanic that isn't obvious to us.

[@andrew6978]

@@daniels4338 Pretty much any ventilation conduit in any skyscraper or office building is a "long hole".

[@bae567]

In addition something intereferred with the final work since the plugs were not removed. That is now the mystery. In my construction experiance plugs are always used in pipes and conduits in high rise structures to keep debris from entering until the major work is done. So something kept the plugs from bring removed. I made a pyramid model of this one 60 years ago for Ancient History class. It was cut in half to show the chambers and other known internal shafts. I really appreciate the continued research into an early interest of mine which I could not pursue.

[@anthonycamilleri7297]

thank you so much your work and presentation is excellent

[@asMdl]

It is obvious they knew sooner or later they would have to wire tv antenna cables and they knew it would be a nightmare to go through all that rock

[@lamust7446]

Truly a breath of fresh air, Best channel and happy that you finally got to ventilate. 10/10. Now we just need to solve for why the Queens chamber channels were abandoned so far up,

[@glennllewellyn7369]

You can breathe easy buddy, I’m here.

[@blindedbliss]

Is it possible they simply ran out of time, funds or men? That is why most construction projects stay incomplete.

[@thesalfords5171]

Maybe they are fully finished waiting for the door to be opened from excavating via the outside!

[@JT-fj9xw]

Great video, as always. Thanks so much! Especially for pointing out something new (the unfinished edge in the "Queens" Chamber and especially the very convincing clue for the "Kings" Chamber shafts being openend after constuction of the chamber). So, ventilation. The question remains: Why? And especially: Why only here in the Great Pyramid, not in the other pyramids, e.g. Kahfre's? As to the why: simply for the burial? For later visitors or priests? Or maybe: For mummification inside the pyramid? As to why only here: Do the chambers in the other pyramids not require ventilation? I'm no expert on that matter, but is a chamber up in the pyramid really that different to a ground chamber? Or is it Khufu who's different to the other kings? Did he maybe take the Sed festival too literally? Did he give special orders no other king did, like chosing his own place and time of death and being mummified inside the pyramid, which required air flow for the priests? Well, just speculation... I'm very curious about your solution!

[@greenspiritarts]

First, I love this content. The detailed research clearly presented is why I subscribed… it is outstanding. I appreciated learning about how much the shafts curved and were not straight thus de-bunking the stellar alignment theories. That said, for me the glaring problem is the use of the word “saw marks” in your discussion of how the channels were made. The way the granite stones were cut with such precision by a culture possessing only copper for their metal tools for me is an equally great mystery as the purpose of the building itself. Additionally, an even more basic question is why a supposed tomb needs ventilation. It is impressive how efficiently the shafts work in the King’s chamber once the addition of fans was incorporated, but the question remains…why does a “tomb” need ventilation? Perhaps these efficient air circulation shafts point to the use of this room as something other than as a tomb. As for the “spiritual” aspects of ancient Egyptian culture, there is much we may never be able to fully understand or appreciate about their beliefs, rituals and practices because our cultures are so far removed in time. But I love every aspect of our modern inquiries! Please keep up the great work. Like the stones of the pyramid themselves, every analysis, done well, is like an additional block in our knowledge of this enigmatic building…. Yours included!

[@abrogard142]

Spoiler alert ! I think it must in the next video. Apparently I have seen it out of sequence. The air was needed for the visitors. The whole place was a living temple, so to speak. Visitors in and out all the time. The place was much frequented, by design. This also had the merit of rendering tomb robbing much less possible. Impossible even. And the video on it shows how this pyramid does not have the same protective designs as others: because it was designed with the protection of constant use in mind. Brilliant.

[@szaty2]

you build a stone tomb this big, you want to be able to use the insides, not build them filled up. Thats a grave. You need torches inside. And not just for a walkthru, but all day. You want to work on it from the insides when the stones are together. Without electricity a piramid is a deathtrap for a crew more than 10. Its made to be just like that. I dont think its made for visitors. I think it was made to be something that can last, by any means.