How Small Is It - 03 - The Atom (1080p)

Text at howfarawayisit....
Corrections:
@ 12:10 - your velocity to v = 2.2·10⁶ m/s = 2200 km/s
@ 17:28 - r.h.s. should be h/4π
@ 25:50 - proton is 1.76 millions of a nanometer
Music free version • The Atom
In this segment of our “How small is it” video book, we cover the atom.
We start with J.J. Thompson’s Plum Pudding model of the atom. We then introduce radiation, and show how Ernst Rutherford used it in his scattering experiments to develop his version of the atom. We then cover Niels Bohr’s quantized atomic model along with input from Louis de Broglie who used the wave nature of electrons to show that they take the form of standing waves enveloping the nucleus instead of point particles orbiting the nucleus.
We then introduce Schrodinger’s Equation, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the Pauli Exclusion Principle together with electron spin to fill out what we know about electrons around atoms. We explain electron tunneling as an example of these concepts and introduce the Scanning Tunneling Microscope based on these concepts to see atoms by feeling them.
In closing, we introduce the atomic nucleus and Chadwick’s discovery of the neutron, review how small the nucleus is and ask how it is that protons can hold together in the nucleus when there like charges should push them apart.
STEM

[@caseygtr]

Love this. Nothing is dumbed down, but it's so well explained that you can grasp it.

[@BubuSnow93]

The Breaking Bad theme was the icing on the cake that is this awesome series of video!

[@papibou516]

Notice the importance of his voice, that helps to relax and understand the message

[@ImSpun13]

Agreed...also, I love your profile pic! Fucking epic!

[@ImSpun13]

@Big Smoke Nobody hired him. It’s his channel that he created and runs himself. He was a computer engineer for 40 years and helped to form the internet as we know it into what it is today. He was also a professor as well. Here’s him explaining it... kzbin.info/www/bejne/fpixe6qdZ6x8idU

[@ImSpun13]

@Martha Gloria Cuenca de Martinez Como?

[@Sunspot1225.]

Art Bell type voice. F an A.😎

[@majormatthews4862]

R=wrrwrw=rte r trwrtwtwrterwwwtwterrwrwrwtwtwtwtwtwtwtwrwrwrtwtwtwtwrtwttwwwtwtwtwwtwttwwtwtwtwwwwtwwttwwtwwwttwtwwrtwtwwwttwwwtwrwrwrwttwttwttwttwrtwtwwtwrwttwww 4 rwwtwrwrww5rwrrwwrwrwwtwtwtwtwtwrew wttwttwwwrwrrwr44rerte==ry35ew r wr t 408759890 tree646464644644664646464644646464646666464646464646445656464644646464464646464464644644646464646464544646 we 6664644666466464566446446646 re 64646465446646644646644545464464

[@KenMac-ui2vb]

LOVE the breaking bad music. You don't speak fast, but you don't speak slow. You don't talk over us and you don't talk under us. I LOVE your videos. LOVE THEM. Thank you.

[@MrKmanthie]

I LOVE these series by David Butler. So refreshing! No condescending TV documentaries, no TV-physicist-celebrities analogizing, simplistically about how the universe works, etc. I much prefer to watch these videos, where Butler speaks plainly & clearly & without relying too much on math equations and how he just tells it like it is, so to speak. I've already learned much more watching these than on a whole bunch of those Discovery channel or discovery "space" channel, etc. or the once-good but now focused on non-historical things at all (like Alaskan hobos, ice truckers, pawn shop workers, tattoo shops, etc.-talking about History Channel -the US one, as opposed to History International, which does still present educational, not pandering, documentaries that are a wonder to behold. That still doesn't make up for the aforementioned complaints. This is the one to watch in order to learn about these things. And, what's great about these, since they're videos, one can always go back to watch something again (or a 3rd or 4th time) until you understand it and the way Butler does this, it is possible to do just that. Bravo!! I also thought it was cute how, at the 17:30 or so part of this vid., when he starts talking about Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, they played a bit of that theme/incidental music that was a part of Breaking Bad (get it? Walter White called himself "Heisenberg")!! Keep up the great work!!

[@ParalysedGekko]

I saw (literally!) hundreds of explainations of Heisenbergs Unschärferelation, Bohrs Atomic Model, Rutherfords Nucleus Experiment and so on. I NEVER saw it in such a well explained composition. Thumbs up. If i would have seen this video years ago, i would not have wasted years of trying to understand how to imagine all that quantum mechanic phenomenons visually. It was just badly explained to me all the time. There are SOOOO bad documentaries out there focussing this subject...take dazzlers like Brian Greene for instance that just focus on audiovidual effects without explaining anything. And even books are either written in physic latin or plainly monochrome in depth of it all, analysing just a single aspect or theory. And leaving me behind with more questions than before. But this vid just explained it all perfectly. You did it sum up SO well. Thank you for that!

[@howfarawayisit]

You are very welcome. I appreciate your comments. Thanks.

[@Grug99]

I couldn't agree more. Well said !

[@MrTeerl]

That hydrogen atom at the beginning was the spookiest thing I've ever seen in a video. You should direct horror movies. 10/10

[@johnsmith1474]

This is one of the more cogent and well presented flows of instruction on this subject I have seen, and I have seen very many. Nice work, very well timed and paced and produced.

[@ricardocalderon1721]

David, I really do not understand how it is that I could have lost your videos, not knowing that they were on youtube. I've watched hundreds of videos for years and never ran into yours until a week ago. Well I will try to see them all hoping that you do not unsubscribe from youtube. Thank you so much.

[@homayounshirazi9550]

This was the best description of quantum physics I have listened to, including when I was in college! An anthology of hydrogen atom.

[@codownhill]

Can't even lie that purple atom that came out from behind your chair in the beginning scared the crap out of me 😂

[@SpaceCadet4Jesus]

I found myself repeatedly stopping the video, replaying a short section, understanding what I heard and saying to myself.... God...I love this stuff !! Thank you Dr Butler, I'd love to be your student.

[@dan7291able]

These videos are nothing short of remarkable, its the visualization of things that cant be truly visualized depicted here that really make this amazing to watch

[@madhavsakariya6764]

Dude I did not expect that music at 16:33 haha. Great video!

[@JT-rg7kl]

A terrific piece, but it's uncertain who the principal composer is. Would be great for a Walter White scene in the later stages of Breaking Bad. "What is my name? SAY IT!"

[@dereksawle]

One of the best QM vids I've seen. Covers all the basic properties of atoms in a very clear way. Recommend though watching at 1.25 speed.

[@jhyland87]

Good idea

[@rguimatorres]

That’s the best explanation about electrons around the nucleus of a atom that I’ve ever seen. Thank you so much!

[@MrEnjoivolcom1]

That you've ever HEARD, not seen.

[@Ninjahat]

Thank you for clearing that out... electrons are not particles... but standing waves! Finally everything came together for me understanding the uncertainty principle and why it is a thing :-D You, sir, have the best KZbin channel! Live science!

[@zoltankurti]

They are not standing waves tough... can you count waves? Because you can count electrons pretty easily, I did it with the millikan experiment.

[@psakthisivram]

I have gone through lots and lots of videos related to atom. This one in Amazing. Precise and yet covered in full. Thanks for sharing immense and wonderful video article. Great and simple animation.

[@howfarawayisit]

Sakthi, Thanks for you comment.

[@SuperDave-vj9en]

What a brilliant and concise explanation of the atomic facts and scientific research on this subject matter. You, sir, are a genius of your own accord. Thank you for putting this into layman terms and understanding that even the general public is capable of comprehending. You have pointedly helped answer many questions that I have had regarding this understanding of atoms. For this, I am grateful. Thank you!

[@zoltankurti]

Well, the Schrödinger equation and the Heisenberg principle is mistaken in the video.

[@selvmordspilot]

excellent series. I really appreciate the pace and tone of these - aswell as the topics.

[@bobbymccoy702]

DAVID, THANK YOU... SIMPLY WONDERFUL

[@djd829]

I was gonna poke fun at the obvious and horrible green screen in the beginning, but then this video turned out to be extremely top notch. Thank you, and subscribed!

[@potawatomi100]

Outstanding video. Very well explained and excellent delivery.

[@matthewjackson9615]

I agree. I just wish that I could watch it without being beaten up by the anti-science community. I never thought in this country that watching a video like this would come with punishments. Press on Mr. Butler anyway. “While all other sciences have advanced, that of government is at a standstill - little better understood, little better practiced now than three or four thousand years ago.” -- John Adams But perhaps the fact that the anti-science crowd is riled up is because science is making such headway in this new epoch and disrupting the old ways of thinking. This has happened many times before. Remember when they threatened to burn Copernicus at the stake for expressing his scientific thoughts ? I sure hope we can keep up scientifically with the rest of the world. Mr. Butler, you ought to feel proud realizing that you're stirring up the anti-science crowd that wants to hold this country back. Most commenters here are making light of your soft voice and style , not realizing that you're violently plowing up the landscape of ignorance.

[@splinked546]

Love the theme song that comes after the mention of Heisenberg. Made me chuckle a bit

[@rcs7684]

As a non-specialist, this is one of the clearest explanations I have seen and finally feel I understand these concepts. Thanks for the clear explanations and diagrams.

[@stevelochhaas8424]

I am weak in math but very interested in physics and astrophysics. Your presentations have helped me immensely to visualize the calculations and processes. I would recommend this series be integrated into every high school curriculum.

[@MrRandomcommentguy]

These videos routinely blow my mind. I've never seen these concepts explained so clearly. Very good content.

[@mylesbishop1240]

Simon Coles he's so underrated, give him some time and he'll have a million subs

[@tezlashock]

This is a video that everyone should watch. It explains everything you need to know about quantum physics and why atoms are the way they are. No jargon, no confusion, just pure information. Brilliant 👏

[@parthabanerjee1234]

I don't know why but classical music and physics, especially quantum mechanics, go so well.

[@doggonemess1]

You don't just say "Rutherford did an experiment to prove this..." you SHOW us what the experiment was. I LOVE THAT! When I watch videos about advanced science, they almost always just blow past the experiment with no explanation of how they got their data. Then, when they get to the really new stuff, I can't understand how they got there since the equations don't seem to be grounded in reality for me.

[@howfarawayisit]

+doggonemess It was the normal videos on science that skip explaining the experiments or observations that led us to our current understanding, that motivated my videos. I was pleased to see your comment on this. Thanks.

[@ahmedshinwari]

+doggonemess Spot on. I was also praising the same. Excellent job David. You answered a lot my questions in one video. Thanks for the enlightenment.

[@nusproizvodjach]

+doggonemess Exactly, this is explained so much better than what I used to learn in school.

[@Trident_Euclid]

doggonemess EXACTLY!

[@nickharrison3748]

best explanation of Atom on Internet

[@JT-di3bl]

LMAO...if you say so.

[@skyblue812]

the standing wave explanation for why the e- don't fall into the nucleus just blew my mind. Thank you for making these video books!

[@johnm.v709]

Spin of Indivisible Particle : Watch... kzbin.info/www/bejne/pJ_Op6J_fd-nhtk

[@Mike-fg9tx]

16:35 why is nobody talking about the fact that he used the “Breaking Bad” theme here? 😂

[@ricardo.mazeto]

Congrats David! These "how small is it" series is excellent! I'm looking forward for the up coming episodes!

[@CamiloSanchez1979]

Your video is amazing. The way you present the concept of standing wave is the most clear mental image i have ever reached. I am obsessed with quantum physics. Thank you

[@Krish-jm6ve]

One of the best videos available in KZbin. Thanks a lot David !

[@Ragnarrage]

WOW! This guy is a natural genius in the teaching sense. I have been road blocked for so long on particle wave duality and after hearing him explain and show the experiments in his own words, I had an eureka moment and it became clear... Subscribed!

[@MIA-wf6sf]

David just wanted to let you know how much I love Your videos and how informative they are, please don't stop making videos! Cheers from Nicaragua!

[@lavidaescorta3220]

1:29 that thing scared the shit out of me doc!

[@wingy200]

lmao I came down to the comments to say this exact thing. I was bona fide spooked.

[@lavidaescorta3220]

@@wingy200 I know, right? Spooked me more than most horror movies could ever do!

[@andrzejkorpoludz1770]

Amazing! I found of your videos yesterday... and now I'm watching like 6th or so in a row. Absolutely amazing. Sir, you did a great set of series. Great to watch, very interesting, educational. Thank you for doing this!

[@jmitterii2]

This is the stuff that youtube as created that insufficient in other media today, especially PBS should be broadcasting things like this. Thank you for all this!

[@MrEnjoivolcom1]

His voice places me in such calmed & super-relaxed state I'm able to drift right off to sleep.

[@Hegeleze]

This section filled in many gaps I had from chemistry. I knew the equations, but had nothing to really hang them on - thank you. When you said that the electron is a standing wave and therefore no motion is required and therefore no radiation is emitted, it just brought together so many pieces for me.

[@justinhiggins2210]

This guy is an awesome narrator, makes all the difference

[@adrianmorar2428]

Such a wonderfully concise and well-crafted lecture, I am in awe. By far the best explanation I have ever seen or heard on this topic, bravo Doctor!

[@mdjones4]

The breaking bad music once you brought up Heisenberg was a nice touch. Love the videos

[@jhyland87]

I love these videos... The best way for me to understand something (or to accept) is to look at the very beginning. The simple yet brilliant experiments like these.

[@doggonemess1]

I found you again! I wanted to watch your channel and couldn't find your videos in my watch history. I stupidly, stupidly didn't subscribe to your channel when I first watched these, so I couldn't figure out the combination of search terms that led me to it. I finally found one - "waves vs. particles" and there you are. So happy!

[@howfarawayisit]

Welcome back.

[@TheCgOrion]

This is a remarkable channel! What I find sad is the fact that once we reach the end of our quest to find the smallest of the small, we will still have to leave the smallest to theory. If you need something smaller to probe something, we won't ever be able to complete our understanding with complete certainty, but that is a good thing. Humans have to have a challenge. If we ever think we are finished with our journey, it will be the end of us, so I see it as a good thing.

[@Taedas123]

The breaking bad music for the uncertainty section was great!

[@cjg8763]

LOVED this video! The explanations and visualizations were excellent, especially for the visual thinker such as myself. Loved that you took time to explain the experiments and data collecting as well. Excellent excellent video!

[@howfarawayisit]

Thanks.

[@gregorypatriciaandjiyajais8819]

David your explanations are perfect for the layman thanks again

[@Rhamag]

Best explanation of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle I've ever seen. Great videos. Thank you, David.

[@subetai17]

What a pleasure it is to watch your videos. Thank you for creating them and making them available.

[@clydehoho9240]

The content of this is almost perfect! The only thing I could see get better would have to be the sound and the graphics. Thanks a lot for taking the time to make this :) I'm learning a lot!

[@derekl3108]

From a 47 year old high school dropout, thank you this was awesome!

[@Mozihawk]

Well explained and beautifully put together. I've been working my way through all your series. I'm a teacher and will recommend these to my students. Thank you very much Mr. Butler

[@MrKmanthie]

I love how, at 16:34, when Mr. Butler gets into Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, the Breaking Bad theme starts up as the background music! Nice touch!! I saw that 1 other commenter noticed that too. Guess I'm not the only one who caught that!!

[@paulmax3185]

Thanks for this presentation! This was the most concise,relatable and presented programs I have ever seen.Superbly thought out and presented and it was packed with information that really helped me understand how certain discoveries were made.I will be sharing this with my friends and grandchildren.Please keep this tupe of presentation with the history of the progress of discovery coming.I absolutely loved it!

[@Bobby-fj8mk]

I agree - a lot better than the rubbish lecturers I had at university.

[@S.R.Crnt.]

16:34 nice touch.

[@campbellmorrison8540]

One of the best explanations Ive seen on basic atomic theory. But honestly you can drop the music

[@howfarawayisit]

I built music free versions. Check it out.

[@campbellmorrison8540]

@@howfarawayisit well done thank you for such clear information

[@MrCigarro50]

Dr. Butler, you are the kind of element of Mankind that makes me feel proud of being a Human Being.

[@QuantumRift]

This guy is the Bob Ross of quantum mechanics. "Here's a happy little atom...." and I thought Bob Ross's voice was the ultimate sleep-inducer...

[@ejkitchen]

Once again, fantastic video. Truly appreciate how you bring everything together to provide the right level of depth.

[@slamer80]

WOW, you have gotten a new subscriber! i have seen the first and second episode. I am very very impressed!!!! This is so well explained, without dumbing it down. Your GOOD! This is really amazing, thank you for that, you truely deserve it... I will definately recommend you, to anybody who is interested in physics. Keep up your work, this is really great!!!

[@arsive02]

Worth spending 28mins and 48 seconds! Really love the way you Explain every experiments old man.Not everyone Teach us like this.This was Definitely useful.Thanks!

[@tdenham735]

Wow! Everyone should take a look at this video. Amazing explanation and demonstration. Thank you for your wonderful contribution!

[@santanukumaracharya3467]

Wish we were taught in this way in our Schools in India! But our Indian almanac (calendar) the Year is divided into twelve months, each according to a constellation like Sagittarius, Tarsus etc. and the corresponding a star out of 27 stars, that gives a distinct celestial reference to human beings living on the earth. But this Cosmological system that a common man understands, is given a good bye in Indian Schools from the syllabus. Thanks for giving new information on Cosmology to the viewers of this video.

[@johnreder8167]

that breaking bad soundtrack over that heisenberg uncertainty principle had me laughing

[@Himhim455]

Sir you have my respect. Just to be there explaining. This channel should have many more subscribers . Wish i had a physics teacher like you . Best regards to you 🇮🇳

[@cslloyd1]

don't watch this series until you have watched 100 other videos on these concepts. then come here and you will finally start to understand what they were trying to tell you.

[@FritzyFareli]

I always feel like I'm on an epic journey when I watch these films.

[@AmbatiManoj2327]

Videos like this make Science Beautiful.

[@ignaciodanobeitia2644]

+1 for the music at the Heisenberg principle. ,,😂

[@k11stan]

Probably the best explanation of .. everything.

[@greenwolf52]

This series is great! You deserve so many more views!

[@Quantum-]

I'm trying to figure out why they green screened him and the coolest place they could make him sit was an office.

[@byronmitchell22]

it's his office! 😂

[@wolfumz]

BTW, "they" in this comment refers to David Butler. He Green screened himself into his own home office lol. I'm pretty sure he writes, films, and edits these on his own, with collaborators here and there... Usually he green screens the home office this because he wants to have some kind of special effect, or a cool transition. But Who's to say why Dr. Butler did it? His ways are above our ways...

[@johnk6598]

It was for the atom effect

[@supersonic_vienna]

This is very well done! Thanks for all the effort!

[@p12psicop]

I've learned more about quantum mechanics from watching youtube videos like this one than I learned in college as physics major.

[@fredeagle8766]

the purple atom blob freaked me out. I thought I was witnessing a some sort of being emerging from the 'otherside'. in my life time we've discovered more fundamental particles and new theories than all previous history, same with advances in astronomy. bloody marvellous !

[@MrGoldenhigh]

I second Sakthi's comment, I keep thinking it might be to slow or complicated but you make it so damn clear and excellent and provide equations. I've watched a lot of videos from various sources like Fermilab , CERN, SLAC, World Science U and you are the best for clear concise and beautiful information. Ive shown it to my friends to and they think the same. Thank you for knowledge

[@AurelienCarnoy]

Brilliant! It takes genious to explain simply this history. Thank you so much.

[@AurelienCarnoy]

@fynes leigh thank you. Yes. More wits than i recognized in myself. That means we are more wonderful than we allow ourselves to feel. We can admire others or belittle others to remember our magnificence. Remember, only wits can see wits. Only love can see love. Only humour can see humour. Take care of yourself. You are seen.

[@AurelienCarnoy]

@fynes leigh i feel your pain. May your wits hide your heart better next time. I'm so sorry someone talked to you like that. That is abuse indeed.

[@AurelienCarnoy]

@fynes leigh thank you. I apreciat your vulnerability. But what you do could not be who you are. So who are you ? You are not your age, nore your name. Yes, it's a cool trick. I'm helping you unload the conditioning and remember who you are. You did all those tricks to get love. And in the process you forgot you are love. Tragic and kind of funny. The joker was the joke. Of cours it is a dream. I'm sharing sweet dreams. Do you feel nightmare are more real ? Imagination is real my friend. This is playing with magie. So now we are magicien, and it is a role that has responsibility. I wish you the best. May you use your amazing (to get out of the maze) power to bring miracle (to recognize one self and to smile). I love you and care for you. Thank you for your time.

[@TheRealCreepinogie]

It is simply amazing that we've figured out this much. Your videos are much appreciated!

[@soumenb22]

Just excellent explanation of quantum mechanics. Best channel discovered.

[@feelingzhakkaas]

Awesome video...superb narration....Sir you are Outstanding and blessed. A big thank you for such good work of explaining complex things in simple way.

[@ThomasJr]

Hello, here I am again. You sir, are a super smart and super good talker, with your calm demeanor. Wish I was like that, I'm very anxious.

[@JeroenTel]

I love the conceptual comparison that one breath of air contains more atoms than the number of stars in the entire visible Universe. I always wondered how to explain it to someone. This is it, right up there with that there are more stars in the visible Universe than grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth. Comparing the super small vs the super big is a good way to visualize the vastness of the staggering numbers. Thanks again, David! :-)

[@science5765]

Good on you this is the first of this type of presentation on you tube and all new types of media for that matter

[@arhgentumm]

The guy speaks nice and clear. I like the video.

[@name_403_Forbidden]

This is simply amazing (and yours videos in general). Thank you so much. Visualizing the abstractions from university books makes life much sweeter for a student...

[@anarchyantz1564]

All this talk of pudding is giving me the munchies. Also remember, if you touch a wave, always get it's permission first.

[@jojolafrite90]

I am made of waves. Also, man is 80% water!!!

[@bmrm2004]

Great content and music

[@sigfuseinarsson8820]

This is absolutely fantastic. A better f.ex. explanation of the Heisenberg principle I have not come across! SE

[@zoltankurti]

Too bad he got the inequality wrong, along with the Schrödinger equation.

[@BillAnt]

Those Gamma rays are the most scary, even an electric field won't affect their trajectory. Uhhh At 18:46 is just amazing how the tip of the probe is only one atom big, and it can map a surface by "feeling" other atoms under it. Mind blowing.

[@zoltankurti]

Well, gamma rays are just electric and magnetic fields...

[@zoltankurti]

That's a really interesting realisation of you. Turns out, classical electromagnetism is a linear theory. This means, that if there are two solutions of the maxwells equations, their sum will be also a sulution. And also if there is a solution, you can multiply it by any real number and still get a solution. This is what linearity means. So if you have a powerful electric field, and gamma rays, the electric and magnetic fields will just add up, and propagate forward as if the other one weren't there. Basically electromagnetic fields don't interact with each other in this sense. Really interesting topic.

[@BillAnt]

Fascinating stuff... I having worked with radio transmitters during the better part of my life, and one of the properties of electro magnetism I've noticed, is that usually a more powerful signal overpowers a lesser one even on the same frequency. I think I'm staying out of the way of any gamma rays if at all possible. ;)

[@zoltankurti]

@@BillAnt certainly a good idea. The complication with antennas is that now suddenly the result of the "experiment" also depends on how the amplifier works. And usually, amplifiers are not linear, and are certainly not linear at big amplitudes. At low amplitudes you get a simple radia, and at the non linear regime you get an electric guitar... seriously. Just hook an amplifier to a microphone in the guitar and overdrive it. This makes realiseing the linearity of electromagnetism really challanging.

[@BillAnt]

Yeah I know about the non-linearity at high amplifications... you get all kinds of nasty harmonics etc. which is great for a guitar distortion, not so good for communications. But basically stay out the way of a gamma ray, that's probably the best advice. ;D

[@connorking7785]

Thank you very much.

[@rememberme12356]

Amazing demonstration of atom.I had never seen an explanation of atom like this...thank you sir....

[@SlowToe]

Oh man ! At 16:34 we ain’t playing no more. Love the music change.

[@MelliaBoomBot]

I am quite jealous of those of you who understand this. I feel I am of an age now where even if I went back to school I may not get it. You are all very lucky.

[@jkrompee]

@@dixztube What is the Feynman technique? I’m familiar with only a tiny bit of his work.

[@Kushb4an]

I love the explanations and animations. Best video on youtube for this topic.

[@kenantahir]

OMG! my head just exploded with all that wealth of knowledge! Thanks David