How The First TV Satellite Changed The World - Communications Satellites Part 2

The second episode of my series on communications satellites, we look at a satellite that for a generation was more famous than Sputnik. While Sputnik kicked off the space race and worried the US, Telstar brought nations around the world closer together.
Telstar 1 was a privately built satellite, Bell Labs wanted it and covered the costs, it was highly experimental and relied on amazing complicated ground equipement to track the satellite, transmit the signals and receive them at the other end. While Telstar operated for less than a year it would only be the first of many communications satellites.
Want to find out more? NASA has huge amounts of amazingly detailed documentation on these early satellites.
Telstar 1 - Volume 1
ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640...
Telstar 1 - Volume 2
ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640...
Telstar 1 - Volume 3
ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640...
Also - Relay 1 - RCA's answer to Telstar 1
ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660...
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[@brucemacnintch2869]

I can remember seeing parts of the 1964 Winter Olympics that were broadcast live. The ABC announcers would get very excited and kept reminding us that we were seeing it live via satellite.

[@filanfyretracker]

oddly I remember things still being labeled during big news events "live via satellite" up to the first Gulf War. So it was a big deal to be live for awhile.

[@jamesmihalcik1310]

Scott Manley manages to maximize the amount of fascinating information relayed in the shortest amount of time. Aways amazing!!🙂

[@p1zd3c]

IMHO he's 2nd best at that, but I'm not saying this to promote someone else.

[@STS-Dreamer]

@@p1zd3cis curious droid also your number 1? edit: because I love scott but curious droid definitely has slightly tighter scripts and less umms and tangents on pretty similar subject areas.

[@vladimirarnost8020]

Scott has an extremely high S/N (signal to noise) ratio.

[@TimPerfetto]

Who tf is Scott Mamlrlt

[@jimcambron1328]

I am looking forward to the next episode of this series! I was a broadcast engineer at WDAF-TV in Kansas City when the Satellite news Network was started early in the era of geosynchronous sattelites. It was a complicated system that had a main studio that broadcast continuously with local programming "insert windows" in which local TV station uplinks would insert a 5-minute local newscast every half hour. A centrally-located computer would command the earth stations across the country - like the one at WDAF-TV - on and off at precise times allowing the satellite-receiving customer to view a "continuous" news broadcast feed of both national and local news. As one would imagine, the service - while technologically amazing, was very expensive and eventually was discontinued..

[@StringerNews1]

What did it use for sync? Before my station got frame buffers, we had to tape everything, and play back on genlocked machines to get a broadcast quality picture.

[@jimcambron1328]

@@StringerNews1 Ah, frame buffers... I remember how those critters changed the way we interfaced with non-synced video sources like satellite feeds! I think that we were one of the first to adopt the use of frame buffers as we were first to have our own C-Band up- and down-link system in the market (Kansas City ADI) if not the Midwest.. We even had a semi-prototype Satellite truck built on an IVECO box truck chassis from a ENG truck manufacturer in Ohio someplace. Damn, it was heavy diesel-sucking beast!

[@Hungary_0987]

Ok

[@tsr207]

I remember the BBC transmission of the live tests - The American one had the Bell logo - The British one had the Crest of the GPO - the General Post Office !

[@peterstickney7608]

As a kid in the moutains of Maine, I visited the Andover Ground Station in, oh, it must have been '62 or '63. Very impressive - I recall the air locks to the pressurized antenna dome, and the massive horn antenna slewing and rotating to track the satellite as it passed from horizon to horizon. One of the reasons that Andover was chosen was that it's pretty much a Radio Desert. The topography and the locations any radio / television transmitters made for a low background noise level, allowing the low-power signals from the early Sats to be picked up. In that region, being able to receive broadcast TV (VHF) was a rarity. The Regional High School. in nearby Bethel, ME, is named Telstar High School - many of my cousins graduated from there.

[@JeffreyBue_imtxsmoke]

Cool story... thanks for sharing.

[@ChemEDan]

**keys mic** And what? Over.

[@peterstickney7608]

@@ChemEDan Did the usual things that we do. Ski racing, ski jumping, wilderness camping, (summer and winter), built nuclear reactors, wrote music, taught school, built many of the technologies of the 21st Century, became newspaper editors - We may not have had TV, but we had plenty of books.

[@RCAvhstape]

@@peterstickney7608 Ah yes, the good old days, when boys would build their own nuclear reactors, usually from a kit your dad bought at Radio Shack. Good times.

[@Sherwoody]

@@RCAvhstapeor chemistry sets where we would do experiments with chemicals from little jars that had sculls and bones on them, ….. then wash them down the drain afterwards.

[@davidjernigan7576]

It makes sense that people would know about Telstar. It demonstrated that a satellite could be seen as something more than a military or science experiment

[@antonrnnedal7797]

"It was the beginning of the internet." Oh, wrong channel. Thought tis was Map Men for a second there.

[@henkvandenbergh1301]

Dang it Scott! The first thing that immediately popped in my mind was the then BIG Telstar hit by The Tornados.... It's still locked in my brains after all these years.

[@snubbedpeer]

Absolutely amazing that Telstar is still up there, circling the globe!

[@shazam6274]

Interestingly the drawings show KMC for the frequency designations, which was the a abbreviation for Kilo Mega Cycles (per second), which we now call Giga Hertz, GHz. Also at that time, small value capacitors used at radio and TV frequencies were labeled mmF, which stood for micro micro Farad, AKA Picofarad, PF. I was just starting to really get into Electronics at the time and just "mastered" the various Radio technologies, all using tubes aka valves to you "feriners".

[@gwesco]

I was in high school during that period and still remember seeing those broadcasts live. The "Live via Telstar" left an impression on me of the way science was advancing. I also listened to the beacons on Sputnik using my Hallicrafters S-38 radio. The other kids in the neighborhood and I would go outside to see if we could see the satellites as they passed over.

[@EneriGiilaan]

One of the reasons for the Telstar to be so well known is probably the instrumental Telstar (by the Brirish band Tornados) that went to number one in the lists at least in Europe and USA. And I guess many people still recognize the main riff from various renditions still regularly used in advertisements, sport events etc.

[@filanfyretracker]

odd fun tidbit, If the tune "Knights of Cydonia" by Muse sounds like this. its because it was inspired by it and the lead of Muse is the son of the rhythm guitarist from the Tornados.

[@Forest_Fifer]

My local football team still run out every week to Telstar.

[@richb313]

I remember watching that first Telstar broadcast never knowing at the time it was historic.

[@dbell95008]

What a great presentation, Scott! Loved the history lesson and reminders, having lived through it in high school. Hearing about the ground stations running on an IBM1620 was cool. Around '69, I created an accounting program in RPG (Report Program Generator) for the 1620 that mostly sat idle amongst a room full of unit-record machines. That "app" quickly replaced the existing pegboard programmed clunker.

[@zakelwe]

Not seen this yet but will judge it against Curious Droids very similar video with very similar title... Battle of the boffins ..

[@ReFractalus]

Great video, Amy. Fun fact: a local soccerteam was named after the satellite as the name got traction and buzz (no small feat in 1963 Holland). They still exist in their pro-league, and this last week.of september in 2023 managed to avoid ending last at the end of the season.

[@r000tbeer]

Very well done. It's amazing the capabilities that existed back then.

[@captaintoyota3171]

Yeah i remember my uncle (huge pc guy taught me command promt b4 win3.1) getting 1st satillote dishes and hbo. Blew us away. Im so glad i grew up then. I have such a better understanding of how hardware/software wprks

[@petermainwaringsx]

I remember the first public broadcast from Telstar which was a big event at the time, and rightly so. I worked as a Post Office engineering apprentice at the time, but not at the satellite ground station at Goonhilly. The next one I remember was Early Bird, which was at the time a quantum leap, and I guess is going to feature in the next episode. Thanks for the video Scott.

[@antonrnnedal7797]

5:16. That is the fist time i have seen multiple metric prefixes at the same time. "KMC". I assume it means "Kilo mega cycles per second".

[@harveytrop1637]

The microwave horns on Telstar were machined magnesium, but had to be plated with copper for conductivity; Bell Labs had to develop a plating process for magnesium as part of the Telstar program.

[@fatmaninthesun1]

I was abut 7 when the first transition was made. I was at Butlins Holiday Camp, Skegness, in the TV Room with hundreds (it seemed) of other people.

[@RoadkillbunnyUK]

I have become so invested in this series, on finding out I have to wait a week for the next instalment I was genuinely sad and now I am just so exited! I know I could go and do the research for this myself but Scott is so talented in presenting the information in an engaging and informative way. I know I would not enjoy the knowledge as much even though most of the time I’m the other way and will watch a documentary/video about a topic I’m very interested in and end up pausing half way through so I can go look things up for myself so I can get all the information. I think it is probably that I know and trust that Scott’s videos give a full detailed description and explanation on the topic.

[@hetismewat]

I really enjoy these videos. Perfect content - better than any TV channel. Thank you for that !

[@mikeissweet]

Loving this series! Can't wait for the next installment

[@mattslocum4677]

Great job Scott! So cool and thorough.

[@robertfindley921]

My brother had a model of the Telstar satellite. I thought it was the coolest looking thing I'd ever seen.

[@tiagdvideo]

You did an absolutely brilliant job on this Scott

[@stephenbardzilowski6618]

Excellent video!! I always look forward to your shows. I learned so new things today!

[@LuckyLuke3331]

You are definitly the BEST! => No adds, relevant information, always try to be accurate as much as possible! You are the best!

[@thomasbelmont810]

This is so well put together! The archival footage makes the storytelling come to life. Bravo 👏

[@frankgulla2335]

Grea episode. I can't wait for Ep.3

[@Richardincancale]

The use of so-called ‘bent pipe’ transponders that have limited power budgets and simply transpose the incoming signal to the output frequency continues to this day for the vast majority of communications satellites.

[@quoniam426]

So a French relay station was part of the experiment? That explains why we can see a replica of Telstar in the Arts et Métiers Museum in Paris. (and a small one in a display in the nearby copper decorated metro station).

[@renambot]

Yes Pleumeur-Bodou got well-known in Brittany for the telecom center

[@davidcolton7167]

brilliant can't wait for the next episode!

[@ThatOpalGuy]

Nice amount of information in this one. Thanks.

[@pastexpiry2013B]

Old enough to remember them still using the phrase "Live! Via Satellite" of a Miss Universe pageant held in Australia.

[@philpots48]

Going on to 8th grade, I remember the release of the hit record of "Telstar, Aug 17, 1962" as well as the news of on TV about the Telstar satellite.

[@Electronics-Rocks]

I did my school work experience at Goonhilly & it was interesting as aerial 1 (Arthur) had to be different to have the speed to track Telstar. Also the café near the station was called Telstar which I have been in but now sadly gone.

[@paulmcneil9971]

Because the satellite had to be tracked so quickly, Goonhilly 1 used a cruiser’s gun turret for horizontal rotation. The receiver was initially a maser which had to be cooled by liquid helium (If I recall correctly) the reservoir of which had to be filled every so often. I worked there occasionally in the early 70s for the Post Office (from HQ but upgrading the systems to match the latest plans). By then the satellites were geo-stationary and the receiving amplifier was Peltier cooled. The biggest reliability issue was the electronic control systems for the tracking used early PCBs which warped creating intermittent connections. Also the downconverters were single stage designs (2,4 GHz to 70 MHz) which required the tuning of a very narrowband multistage microwave filter, an art not a science, which some of the techs were excellent at.

[@Shinybadguy]

This was a wonderful topic! ♥

[@TheHorzabora]

It’s quite stunning how much Telstar - and everything since - shrunk the world.

[@MCsCreations]

Fascinating! Thanks, Scott! 😊 Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

[@laurenmp7486]

For anyone curious about the baseball game, it was the Philadelphia Phillies vs the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field here in Chicago. And as a Cubs fan, any time there's a mention of that game, it just makes me smile.

[@PBeringer]

I could listen to you say "balloon" and "moon" forever. ❤ Really diggin' on these historical comms satellite videos! Telstar is probably my favourite. Was half expecting a reference to "Project Diana" in the first video, which was a "moon bounce", but I guess it wasn't a meaningful bit of audio (pretty sure it was just a sine tone, probably to allow a range of measurements), so not really "comms". But it was the first proof that the atmosphere was penetrable, which is kinda wild to consider. The conclusions of the military researchers (from wherever) was that this meant spacecraft could be controlled from the earth to enormous distances. I find that pretty interesting given that so many breakthroughs in electronics and signal processing and theory, etc. until then, were almost always considered for applications in "human-to-human" comms before anything else, yet the findings of "Project Diana" inspired robotic space exploration through radio control and telemetric transmission across previously inconceivable distances. Though, William Pickering was _the_ Godfather of telemetry. EDIT: "Project Diana" didn't transmit from one point to another; the transmitter also acted as receiver. Probably an important distinction as well ... Haha.

[@dmcwlk]

amazing. thanks Scott

[@hutlazzz]

love this series !!!

[@kevinphillips9408]

Wonderful informative stream. Thank you

[@MD.ImNoScientician]

Brilliant History Lesson! Thanks @ScottManley

[@CharlesYuditsky]

Love the constant content on these early comms sats. Hope you do videos of the comsats of the 70s where thigs started to mature. It is a rather forgotten era.

[@thomasacreman6007]

Great video Scott.

[@Allan_aka_RocKITEman]

Great video, Scott...👍

[@ApexOfficially]

My granddad was in charge of Aerial One at Goonhilly earth station when they sent live video to America for the first time via satellite (Telstar) 61 years ago. Telstar was incredible.

[@davidnichols8433]

Episodes like this is great ,well done,awesome content in all your work. Scott question when u mean end of life span, do these satellites burn up or are the in limbo?

[@scottmanley]

Telstar and Relay are in high orbits so they're still in space.

[@littleshopofelectrons4014]

I loved the "Telstar" song. As a kid in the early 1960s I used to lay awake at night in bed listening to my AM radio waiting for the top-40 radio station to play it.

[@100SteveB]

Wouldn't it be great if one day we could go and round up some of these important parts of history, and return them to Earth? I believe Snoopy is still out there, would be very interesting to bring things like this back to earth.

[@floydbertagnolli944]

Very interesting! Thanks.

[@viccie211]

The local village newspaper in the town where my parents live in the Netherlands is called Telstar and I always thought it was a cool coincidence. Last year I looked it up and it was actually called after it, because they figured that the name stood symbol for communication and a sense of togetherness.

[@Yggdrasil42]

Same with the Dutch soccer team Telstar.

[@paulkinzer7661]

The first time I saw R2D2, I got a real Telstar vibe.

[@Zerbey]

My parents watched the initial broadcasts from the UK, they recalled there was much mirth about how it didn't work perfectly the first time as you noted. Sometimes jealous that they got to live through the 60s and all these amazing firsts in space.

[@Sherwoody]

There was a song, written by Joe Meek, an instrumental called Telstar by and performed by an English band called the Tornadoes. Words were added and the song was renamed “Magic Star” ( Magic star above send a message to my love). This was in 1963 or 64. Damn I’m old.👴

[@paulhaynes8045]

@@Sherwoody Initially, there was no such band as the Tornados - they were invented when it became a hit and they had to show someone playing it on TV. If memory serves, Meek recorded it in his experimental home studio (aka his bedroom).

[@Sherwoody]

@@paulhaynes8045 thanks for the info.

[@David_K_Booth]

@@paulhaynes8045 You and @Sherwoody are both right. I remember both the original version, and the cover with terrible cheesy lyrics, being played on radio in the mid 1960s. I'm old too, and I hope we all continue to get older. 😉

[@TarisRedwing]

Cool bit of history right there.

[@bravo_01]

Fascinating.

[@anthoneyking6572]

Awesome Vlog I was born in uk in 1953 so I remember all of what you talked about so very Interesting thank you Scott Loved it

[@i-love-space390]

thanks Scott. Incredible detail on this fascinating subject. I remember Telstar being a big deal when I was a elementary schooler. wow. Those early satellites were so light and small. Even the Electron Rocket today would be overkill to launch them. It really tells you how far we've come. And now we can do so much more with cubesats because of miniaturization. I am also constantly in wonder at how fast we all attempted to do things after having only launched the first satellites a few years before. Americas first satellite launched in 1958, but we were sending Mariner to VENUS by 1962. We had our first spy satellites by 1960. And Echo also launched in 1960. Now Telstar in 1962. 62 was really a big year for American space. I think we had made the decision for LOR for Apollo by that time. So incredible. Oh wow. Just listened to the end. So Telstar was the first satellite to fall victim to an atomic blast? I guess it wasn't EMP, but increased electron radiation in space.

[@andygoldensixties4201]

I remember the day Telstar came in service; previously (hard to believe today) images used to travel between the oceans only in film reels delivered by daily jets; TV images by Telstar were actually poor quality, but the recordings we see now are even worse, they are old Ampex recordings reversed in digital

[@billinct860]

We watched the first transmission broadcast from Telstar. I thought it odd France would put a French language singer in a broadcast to the US. He was likely famous over there.

[@renambot]

Yes Yves Montand, very famous

[@aaronb7990]

😎👍 cool series!

[@B-M.B]

Great presentation of large and even the small not so much known facts about telstar

[@MichaelS-pr9qn]

Thank you for the details Scott. Love the song even more now.😂

[@glenfredlund7679]

My father gave me a share of Tellstar stock for my birthday that year. So cool to learn about the details of the launch and mission.

[@RobinWootton]

Fascinating

[@mikekozi-lester3887]

Hi Scott Manley nice video 📹 and workmanship!!! They should build a few more of the old Satalight 's and older stuff it might do the trick !!!

[@slightlyevolved]

I had no idea Telstar was still up there. Almost 60 years in an elliptical orbit.... wow.

[@stevebollinger3463]

Forgot to connect mic, forgot lights, etc. Mr. pilot and potential astronaut it might just be time to make a checklist to run down before recording. It works for NASA!

[@PumaTwoU]

I was young, but remember the TV broadcasts from Telstar. We considered this an amazing thing. As a child they would sit us down in the school gym and we'd watch any and every space event, Ranger's moon landing, Mercury and Gemini launches, any event. The science was fascinating, the future predictions coming at us, all very true now. As a planet we have launches to space weekly or multiple times a week, when I was young they were far more infrequent. Thanks for this episode Scott.

[@StephanAhonen]

I work in sports television, tomorrow I'm going to go into work and my show is going to be carried back to the network hub by Telstar's great-grandchild. Would be happy to share my own experiences with this technology.

[@wildstar1063]

I always thought it would be cool to have a spacecraft retrieve Telstar one and bring it home. It would be interesting to see what had happened to it and the electronics on board after all this time. What would really be cool would be to have a group like AMSAT install an upgraded electronics package and send it back up and use it as one of the amateur satellites. It would basically be just the housing, I doubt even the solar cells would be Worth keeping, as even if they still worked, modern ones are much more efficient.

[@enisra_bowman]

ye, other historic Spacesite on other Planets should be left mostly undisturbed, (with the exception if you're accidently marooned) but a Satellite? In the Worst Case they are Spacejunk and got hit by other Junk and produce MORE Spacejunk or they deorbit in a "few" decades. And when we are finally be willingly to clean up our mess up there, why not go a bit the extra mile and encapsule it in a heatshield like the Sampereturn Capsules

[@Sherwoody]

I think a couple of the Vanguard satellites are still up there, but the one I’d like to hunt down would be the LM Eagle from Apollo 11. There’s a chance it’s still in orbit around the moon.

[@starman2337]

I'd like to see a Starship mission retrieve that Tesla Roadster.

[@mcapps1]

I remember our 15 foot sat dish and picking telstar for HBO.

[@HelloKittyFanMan]

Me, Mike A. Christensen: Oh wow, how cool that the Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square (the Church of Jesus Christ) was in that early demo! And now, as of this year (2023 as I write this), my sister Gina Bench is in it and has been singing in most episodes of Music and the Spoken Word since April 23, and we just watched her sing in her first General Conference of the church as a member of the choir on the weekend with the first Sunday in October, just a week before her birthday! And now we look forward to watching her sing for her first Christmas devotional and then Christmas concert in the choir! So exciting! Just before Tabernacle Choir she was in the Utah branch of the Millennial Choirs and Orchestras for a few years.

[@shaider1982]

Bell labs really was the cutting edge back then.

[@MoonWeasel23]

From the size of these satellites, I kind of wonder why some of these early electronics and transmitters aren't still used for things like CubeSats which are SWaP limited but would greatly benefit from extremely simple and robust components. A lot of the stuff we use in them today just fails after like a few months due to radiation whereas these cracked engineers in the 60s built satellites which refused to die.

[@somebody_on_the_internetz]

I guess a lot is just down to miniaturization what's making todays electronics more susceptible to radiation in comparison to the giant electronics of the 60s

[@SimonBauer7]

i guess it is also because getting the old stuff is more expensive than using a more modern off the shelf system.

[@MarcoTedaldi]

Cube sats are much smaller that Telstar is. Building a pressurized box into a cube sat would limit the options further...

[@mikehipperson]

The only satellite that had a chart topping pop tune named after it performed by 'The Tornados'! The tune was once described as sounding like a very seedy and run down ice skating rink!

[@Sherwoody]

The song was produced on an instrument called a Clavioline. It was an early analog synthesizer. I thought it was a rather cool tune at the time.

[@ronald3836]

Dutch 2nd tier football club Telstar still plays Telstar as the entrance tune for home games.

[@Sherwoody]

@@ronald3836 Do the fans understand the reference?

[@ronald3836]

@@Sherwoody I suppose the real fans do, but I'm sure most people who see Telstar mentioned in the list of football results have no idea about the satellite. Just like people don't think of nuclear explosions when they see someone in a bikini 😄

[@bassmechanic237]

Thank you Scott

[@JQourydxyz]

In The Netherlands we have a football club named Telstar! The club was named in 1963 after the then recently launched communications satellite. Different days, when space was all-inspiring to everyone, and not just us nerds! 😅

[@TundeEszlari]

I love your videos, you are a very good KZbinr.

[@volvo09]

Bot

[@TundeEszlari]

@@volvo09 Nem vagyok bot.

[@Stadtpark90]

So say we all.

[@ns219000]

Scott, how about an entry level series on AMSAT, SDRs, and all the ways everyone can experience satellite communications, first-hand?

[@starman2337]

I remember the "miraculous" B&W TV split screen image with the Golden Gate Bridge on one side and the Statue of Liberty on the other. The announcer had to emphasize that both were LIVE via Telstar. At that time, video tape was still being physically flown cross-country for national news coverage.

[@petesheppard1709]

I remember the thrill of the 'LIVE VIA SATELLITE' caption on a newscast! As well as when each satellite launch was a news item.

[@sikhswim]

Great series. Maybe talk about how regulations work in an episode as well - who did they have to check with when they launched these early satellites?

[@bboomer7th]

Thank you.

[@wattsmichaele]

Amazing what our “ancient” scientists and space pioneers accomplished. Excellent!!!!

[@nickelsey9864]

So cool

[@goldgeologist5320]

I was such a nerd as a child. I followed Telstar like crazy when I launched. I remember watching Kennedy’s speech!

[@ReneSchickbauer]

Even when i was young in the early 1980, live satellite tv broadcasts from another country were still a big thing which t he whole family would come together and watch. The tv announcer would say something along the lines of "we are now switching to live television from Germany via satellite", the "Eurovision" logo would show up with "Te Deum" playing very much in the foreground, the gameshow or news/sports broadcast would come on and the whole continent would come a little closer together. Live broadcasts over the atlantic were a somewhat rare event, at least for anything longer than a short news segment. Here in Austria, many people were very interested in watching things like long broadcasts of the U.S. presidental election vote counting results. Not so much because anyone was really interested in the results pre se, but because it was a window into what was happening, in real time, on the other side of a hunking big ocean. This was pretty much at a time before the internet as we know it today. Yes, a few people had access to things like email. and you had the option of very expensive cross-atlantic phone calls. But social media wasn't even invented, there were no livestreaming plattforms (or mobile phones with cameras). Live satellite broadcasts were, for most of us, the only glimpse into the happenings in other countries in real time. And it was absolutely mesmerizing.

[@agenttelstar]

It’s nice to see a video about one of my ancestors 🎉

[@James_Knott]

I was 8 YO, when Telstar was launched and remember watching the first transmissions from Europe. I also remember the song. 🙂

[@declan9876]

Nice

[@UnshavenStatue]

10:02 it's kinda incredible just how distinctive Wrigley Field is

[@DeadBaron]

Andover, Maine, wow. Maine used to have massive air bases, massive radar stations, and was super important for NASA and space development... now it's fallen by the wayside. The lumber industry collapsed, bases are gone, nobody wants to move up here. Such a beautiful state, but with some of the highest taxes and cost of living, yet no jobs.

[@mikepennington8088]

I remember live coverage of international events having to wait until "Telstar was up" and they could establish contact for that pass.

[@AbiGail-ok7fc]

To this day, the Netherlands has a professional soccer club named 'Telstar'. It was founded in 1963, and named after the satellite.

[@stanleybest8833]

Telstar was part of the Cherry Hill - Boonton electronics culture. You can easily find, collect, and use old telecom- aerospace gear today