How the Tongan shockwave caused a tsunami

The Hunga-Tonga was massive. And maybe unprecedented. Start building your ideal daily routine! The first 500 people who click on the link will get 25% OFF Fabulous Premium: www.thefab.co/simonclark
The eruption from the Hunga-Tonga volcano in Tonga on January 15th was enormous, causing a tsunami across the Pacific, an ash cloud that extended 20km into the atmosphere, and an overpressure wave that went around the world. This video examines the impact of the eruption on the atmosphere, and explains why it seems to have caused a world-first observation of a volcanically induced meteotsunami.
If you would like to support the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in responding to the Tongan tsunami (and other life-saving projects) you can donate here: www.ifrc.org/donate
Note that many of the figures in this video have come from volcanologists and geologists on Twitter - they are doing amazing, rapid data visualisation and deserve a follow!
LINKS
(1) / 1482234507193466884
(2) / 1482513552330362880
(3) / 1482793707673956353
(4) matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/to...
(5) / 1482278417466736651
(6) / 1482218193619865600
(7) radar.cloudflare.com/to (note this was accessed 19/1/22)
(8) www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.11...
(9) / 1
(10) / 1482259999724535809
(11) / 1482285490107650049
(12) akrherz/status/14...
(13) / 1482444906169835529
(14) / 1483067201624150016
(15) • Kelvin-Helmholtz insta...
(16) journals.ametsoc.org/configur...
(17) / 1482704383532224516
(18) / 1482427445743697927
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Music by Epidemic Sound: epidemicsound.com
Some stock footage courtesy of Getty.
Looking why the Tongan eruption on January 15th was so unique, the impact of the Tonga eruption on the atmosphere, the Pacific tsunami from the Tongan volcano, and the unprecedented meteotsunami that was detected in the Pacific and Caribbean. Really this video is about ocean-atmosphere dynamics, and how the planetary fluids of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans can interact to produce amazing results. If you like videos from Smarter Every Day, Veritasium, PBS Eons, Crash Course, or Sci Show you will enjoy this interesting video about the Tonga eruption and tsunami.
Huge thanks to my supporters on Patreon: Edwin, GordonV47, Andrew Knop, Shab Kumar, Cameron Grey, Brady Johnston, Liat Khitman, Jesper Norsted, Kent & Krista Halloran, Rapssack, Kevin O'Connor, Timo Kerremans, Thines Ganeshamoorthy, Ashley Wilkins, Michael Parmenter, Samuel Baumgartner, Dan Sherman, ST0RMW1NG 1, Adrian Sand, Morten Engsvang, Josh Schiager, Farsight101, K.L, poundedjam, Daan Sneep, Felix Freiberger, Chris Field, Robert Connell, Jaime Stark, Kolbrandr, , Sebastain Graf, Dan Nelson, Shane O'Brien, Alex, Fujia Li, Harry Eakins, Will Tolley, Cody VanZandt, Jesper Koed, Jonathan Craske, Albrecht Striffler, Igor Francetic, Jack Troup, SexyCaveman , James Munro, Oskar Hellström, Sean Richards, Kedar , Alastair Fortune, bitreign33 , Mat Allen, Anne Smith, Rafaela Corrêa Pereira, Colin J. Brown, Princess Andromeda, Leighton Mackenzie, BenDent, Thusto , Andy Hartley, Lachlan Woods, Tim Boxall, Dan Hanvey, Simon Donkers, Kodzo , James Bridges, Liam , Andrea De Mezzo, Wendover Productions, Kendra Johnson.

[@MorganAdair]

Simon, I think you did a really good job of communicating the interesting science while also exuding empathy and concern for the people of Tonga. It's also quite commendable that you're donating what you receive from the sponsorship!

[@Breezy-is4gu]

Hey there... thanks. kzbin.info/www/bejne/eX-XmIqvq8-Ybtk

[@ilikeycoloralot]

Yeah he did. Great video

[@judethaddeus9856]

Thanks for your positive comment!!! I love to see ppl treating each other like that!! Love you, be safe in our world

[@no-fo7he]

I originally read that as excluding and was freaked out.

[@floramew]

I'm always surprised when Mt. Pinatubo's eruption is brought up-- I didn't technically live through/ experience it, but my mother was pregnant with me when she was evacuated from the area. I know it was significant scientifically & historically, but since no one else I've ever personally spoken to was around that area it feels like family history more than world history, even if that's completely illogical.

[@larrian3846]

I find it fascinating that a shockwave and ejecta plume so colossal can have so much less volume than eruptions like Pinatubo or Krakatoa. I guess it really goes to show how important the length of a volcanic eruption is as well as its sheer initial explosion to its impact on climate.

[@bkwillia78]

"They" are simply lying about the size and impact of the ejecta because it will completely erase any threat of global warming. Prepare for a mini ice age, when ppl find out, the store shelves will be empty.

[@larrian3846]

@@bkwillia78 hahahaha what the fuck

[@Pete856]

The Pinatubo eruption went on for days, this one was only for a couple of hours.

[@larrian3846]

@@Pete856 yeah exactly my point. It can feel a bit counter intuitive is all

[@TubususCZ]

Another big factor (from what I heard) is that most of the plume was actually steam from the interaction of ocean water with hot rocks and magma. So it really was smaller than it seems.

[@mayonnaise9332]

I would really like a video on biomass wood pellets and their environmental effects

[@SimonClark]

I'll add it to the list!

[@shubhamghosal9336]

@@SimonClark sir, I would recommend a video for the newbies about how computational physics helped you and has helped in geosciences over the time. Like in a broad way.

[@MrCordycep]

Just Have a Think has a video on this subject and provides sources if you are interested. It's called "The Biomass Scam."

[@ihavefallenandicantreachmy2113]

I would like for you to pull my Finger, after i Drink a Pallet of room Temperature Mayonnaise.

[@leif1075]

@@SimonClark Can you do a video on holograms?? And I hope you can respond to my other comment about how to deal with all the math in grad school. Thanks and hope to besr from you.

[@JCAbarca]

Dude I was about to sleep, 5 am in my country and you upload this interesting video.. Dammit Simon!

[@SimonClark]

Got to sleep! It will still be here in the morning :) (well, later in the morning)

[@JCAbarca]

@@SimonClark I hate you, but I love you, and your videos btw, have a great day!

[@em945]

@@JCAbarca go to sleep.

[@icared4338]

This is not volcanic Mother Nature thing, this is man made claim for dropping a bomb on volcano

[@alicesmith2384]

The Earth literally just farted.

[@rogerstarkey5390]

Or at least part of it did..... And the other parts said "Was that you??"

[@vrod9686]

People died Alice

[@icared4338]

This is not volcanic Mother Nature thing, this is man made claim for dropping a bomb on volcano

[@adelinsucksatstuff7781]

Its tonga time😔

[@DanielSuguwa]

Lots of interesting science yet sad humanitarian disaster things to learn about in this video. Good job Simon for covering the science, and stay safe there, Tongan!

[@Breezy-is4gu]

Kingdom of Tonga rap artist. kzbin.info/www/bejne/eX-XmIqvq8-Ybtk

[@PenandPaperScience]

This fluid interaction between the atmosphere and the oceans is fascinating, I've never thought of it like that! Thank you, keep it up :D

[@missfasi1043]

I just now stumbled on this video and am now subscribed to your channel. Pretty awesome information on the Hunga Tonga- Hunga Ha’apai volcano eruption. I hope there’s no repeat of what just happened to Tonga. Thank you for donating to help Tonga! Mālō ‘Aupito e tokoni. Us Tongans appreciate you! 🙏❤️🇹🇴

[@Argosh]

There goes my hope for a single positive thing after that eruption.

[@ilikeycoloralot]

Great video and science communication! I really appreciate your elaboration and love on fluid dynamics!

[@GeographyNuts]

Well done, you did a great job explaining the science behind this tsunami and the various impacts.

[@em945]

So interesting, thank you Simon!

[@p_roduct9211]

Thank you for the explanation and use of graphics / satellite images. Good on you for donating the funds.

[@nickt6627]

Simon I share your morbid fascination with this volcanic eruption. The energy release was astounding, yet not necessarily unprecedented. Perhaps the exact scenario and that we were able to observe it were unique but there have been volcanic eruptions before and will be well into the future. It’s worth noting the geographic location of this latest eruption is within the pacific ring of fire. This seismically active part of the earth is also where El Nino events are known to spawn. An obvious difference between Hunga Tonga and sea floor El Nino events is their respective depths. Beyond this is the fact both are expressions of mantle heat emanating through weakened spots in the crust or the lithosphere. El Nino events have been observed to have has a global influence on climate and this is an indication of the energy release from one of these largely unobserved, volcanic sea floor events. Rift zones are present all over the earth and they represent lithospheric plate boundaries. These gaps in the lithosphere are characterized by molten mantle material exuding into the oceans. All along these zones, hot mantle is protruding out and eventually cooling as it contacts ocean water. As it exits the mantle along these cracks, the forces pushing it out are so significant they push apart the rifts and move the lithospheric plates. Consider the energy in these immense forces and then translate some of that energy into heating the ocean which in turn drives the climactic processes. It’s akin to thousands of small El Nino and Hunga Tonga events contributing energy into the ocean on a constant basis. Also note that the rifts underlie Antarctica. That is what influences melting in this region. The rifts are proximal to the Arctic and Greenland and subsequently influence melting there too. In previous episodes you also have displayed a firm belief in the notion of CO2 influenced climate change. It’s possible your attention to Hunga Tonga will permit you to experience an epiphany wrt to the primary drivers of Earth’s climate that are apart from the sun. Hopefully your attention to this latest volcanic event will enable you to become less atmospherically biased and more attentive to the geologic forces that are at play in the ocean floors. James Kamis proposed the theory that encompasses what I write about and much more. His theory is entitled Plate Climatology and his site is www.plateclimatology.com/. Cheers Nick

[@xblahblahblahblah]

Interesting comment 👍

[@xblahblahblahblah]

Very interested indeed. I followed your link and have been surprised by the lack of research in this science.

[@LynnK2000]

I had to double check that I was still subscribed because I totally missed this video when I saw it in my recommended today. Then I checked your channel and saw I'd missed all your videos in the last 2 weeks too! KZbin really needs to step up their recommendations game, I'm missing QUALITY content here 😤

[@YouTube_is_full_of_trolls]

Earned my subscription with your generosity. Well done sir! P.s the quality of information was great as well

[@thes7754]

after the incident, i was waiting for your video. there is a lot of misinformation about this out there like people claiming it was a "bomb test" and stuff

[@antonyjohnson4489]

Fascinating insight, and very well explained. I certainly learned something from this video👍

[@twothreebravo]

I've always been fascinated by super volcano eruptions and having all of the observations related to this eruption available really helps put those eruptions into a perspective that we never had before. Thanks for adding another fascinating facet to it with these meteotsunamis.

[@michaelh13]

Your enthusiasm and curiosity is contagious

[@sarahnaimi5084]

That was very informative. Thank Simon ^-^

[@Freepalestine.Laurie]

New subscriber, I enjoyed the video and your approach to science. Thanks a lot Simon! From 🇨🇦

[@e1123581321345589144]

I did not know meteotsunamies are a thing. We truly live in a fascinating time where we have access to such large wealth of data

[@amanrubey]

I really loved the video and the animations used. You won't believe but in my childhood I used to have visions like the animations shown in the video. Thanks for making it true ❤️

[@juice8292]

I just came across your channel!! Well done ❤️ enjoying from Conway, NH, USA ❤️🙏✌️

[@debosmitaghosh8276]

Simon, I see your book on the shelf and I am sooo excited for it to arrive next weekend !!😀 😄

[@-TruthHurts]

Thanks for the situation assessment as well as the sweater choice, both of which are very interesting.....

[@andyhartley]

Did I see a book in the bottom right corner with your name on it? Did you write a book? Is it out this week?

[@MrThelemonrose]

I FOUND THIS MEGA COOL but also double points for spreading awareness on the subject, hopefully a lot of us can donate!

[@JoeCreator]

Great vid Simon

[@bhuvaneshs.k638]

Video suggestion: followup to this... What would have happened if toba volcanic eruption of 1810s occurred now

[@MolisiDelmar]

Hello Simon, we are mostly okay here in Nuku’alofa. I had the chance to observe some of these fluid dynamics 1st hand as I was able to view and film the eruption from my lounge window, now we have the internet back online it is very interesting to learn a little more about what happened. Thank you for the video.

[@susanne5803]

I was expecting you to talk about the gravity waves' concentric rippling caused by the Tonga eruption. Your reaction - science plus relief donation - seems okay to me. Thank you for the video!

[@MarlonSouzaXD]

Science is amazing! I was intrigued about everything in the video, including how your hair went from tidy to chaos at 9:38.

[@SchgurmTewehr]

Yes, it is actually really amazing! Sad that it also had and still has its victims. Thank you for the explanation.

[@Thesanathani]

Thanks for enlightening us on a new phenomenon

[@michaelazarov2065]

7:38 That's basically me telling my friends about stuff i learn from youtube

[@mertle451]

Good explanation!

[@FragmentJack]

I’ve watched videos talking about the volcano and tsunami but not the atmospheric effects. It’s nice of you to also donate to the relief in Tonga.

[@skaboosh]

reminds me those weird californian dew attacks from a couple of years ago

[@kolio4917]

You pronounced tonga beautifully!! Thankyou!! How ever it is nuku a lo fa .... the capital of tonga

[@vas4739]

Not “just” amazing but THOROUGHLY fascinating! Now, that info added to it any microns that are logistically fluidic!

[@LouisHansell]

Re: the meteotsunami @6:54. It struck the islands in the Caribbean BEFORE the ocean wave struck the west coasts of the Central American countries to the west of those islands. The atmospheric shock wave traveled faster than the oceanic wave, so it reached the Caribbean islands before the oceanic tsunami did.

[@analisafunaki9681]

Thank you, very informative. My son lives in Tonga and was there while it was all happening. He loves science. Im sure this event will further trigger his interest in the topic. Amazing! #livingscience

[@MiguelGarcia-xx7we]

Hi Simon, maybe you could do a video about soil degradation and its effects on climate change. I feel like that’s a topic that’s not talked about enough. Anyway, keep up the good work!

[@pseudophd1073]

Good on you for donating the sponsor money Simon

[@jasonmiller6181]

I was expecting clickbait with this one, very happy to be wrong. Fascinating video.

[@djudju8047]

Didn't know Tonga was ihit by a tsunami. Thanks for the video, it was interesting.

[@EdwinWade]

Really good video and amazing to witness. I live in NY, and around 2am, it was a quiet night, nothing happening really, all of a sudden I heard a wind gust so powerful it made my house shake like a 65 mph gust of wind. Then there bizarre weather temps just fluctuating up and down over the next few days even for January…I still can’t believe a volcanic eruption kilometers away was the cause of it. Whoa! (Won a sub👍🏼)

[@ihavefallenandicantreachmy2113]

Is it "My Funny Valentine" or "My Metric Valentine."

[@glennifer1225]

2am New York time is not when the pressure wave arrived. More like 10am.

[@icared4338]

This is not volcanic Mother Nature thing, this is man made claim for dropping a bomb on volcano

[@dogzebra2708]

Seems that it could possibly be a common occurrence in the overall scheme of things considering the number of years that volcanoes have been erupting that we not observable, hence never noted or recorded. We've only had the ability to observe and photograph anything for a short period of time, compared to the length of time that volcanoes have been erupting. So while it's impressive to be able to observe and record these things there should be an asterisk to any claim of it having been an *unique event.

[@TheR971]

The severing of communications with these tiny islands is uniquely scary to me. I don't really know why but modern communications are so central to me and my lifestyle that it is basically unimaginable to be in such a catastrophe and unable to communicate with anyone outside (or even look up survival tips lol).

[@spencerblum4637]

I’m currently a junior in the meteorology program at Florida State University (Go Noles!). I’m in an intro to atmospheric dynamics class now but I have to take atmospheric dynamics 1 and 2 in the upcoming semesters. What advice do you have about doing well and studying for those classes?

[@Thesanathani]

Amazing indeed

[@MoisesSolisLordOfAll]

Greetings from Colima, Mexico.

[@lightningwingdragon973]

So what your saying is that we PURPOSELY detonate Yosemite so we can all live a little bit longer.

[@meagain7669]

How amazing I hope the sailing ships were fine

[@Smonserratm]

I live in a town that ocasionally gets large meteotsunamis. The biggest I've seen (3-4 m) almost dried up the port, then flooded everything around it. Our word for this phenomenon is 'rissaga'.

[@CoryDAnimates]

We do love our recording sensors

[@kevinmarrs3372]

Sulfurous acid (H2SO3) not sulfuric (H2SO4) when water and SO2 react

[@mattmcguire1577]

From memory the atmospheric pressure wave from Krakatoa went around the globe some 7 times. The tsunami it created even reached England but by then it had shrunk to only a couple of inches high.

[@brianfox771]

A youtuber named Soane Gallaher has been posting Tongan videos of the damage. It looks like some islands have had to be evacuated and abandoned because everything was destroyed by the Tsunami and the ash contaminated the water. The entire country has either been severely damaged or destroyed.

[@stl1321]

I think they are now saying 2 explosions, the initial eruption and then the sea falling into the lava below and then blowing up.

[@arturovicidomini3903]

Hallo Simon, thank you for this wonderful work of explanation. I have a question. I have been watching carefully many videos about the explosion from the space. In some of these videos you could clearly see a second circle of clouds forming at the same time and at limits the same size of the explosion at, according to me, around 3000 km away east. I am sure you can see it too. Is there any explanation for this kind of phenomena? Thank you for your answer.

[@kelduck8851]

It's a cyclone.

[@PaulFerzoco]

I think the fact that we can actually measure it is more amazing than the fact that it actually occurred

[@Theres_No_PlanetB]

Finally put notifications on a channel.

[@tommywilson2984]

Part of the Island fell down into the Caldera that the island sits on the edge off that caused Tsunami

[@shaneroffey5638]

This video is the first I've seen of a volcanic erupton! Damn nature, you scary!

[@fredriks5090]

Relevant question; How big of a meteotsunami would the Hiawatha crater explosion have created, and for reference,- how big would the Chicxulub one be?

[@lama-chan]

I have seen reports of it being detected here in Poland on a mountain peak called Kasprowy Wierch.

[@rockyBalboa6699]

The reason we don't hear much from Tonga is bcoz the island is a symbolic country with most of it's people and politicians residing in Australia or New Zealand on foreign aid.

[@matthew_ferguson]

I'm curious if the pressure wave was able to cause waves in other bodies of water. I'm in Minnesota so the first thing I thought of, did this cause a wave in Lake Superior? I would imagine if it could cause one in the Caribbean, it could cause it in Superior as well?

[@AC-vr4gz]

@0:43 the plc in Africa where the shockwave came in from all directions. 😂

[@flygirlfly]

Could this be a factor in 'rogue waves'?

[@hgbugalou]

Combined with La Palma (and its very high so2) output I am not so sure there will no be no cooling impact. Its not going to be major but measurable for sure.

[@ShionTheConquer]

This happened on my birthday~

[@SS-bz9bq]

That shockwave pattern looks somewhat like a single heart beat on an ECG

[@albertaowusu1790]

Amazingly scary.!😨😱🙆

[@CottoNeo]

Krakatoa is proud of Tonga right now, Krakatoa shook and deafened the entire world.

[@nanin152]

I was in Valparaiso Chile that day, suddenly all our mobiles started ringing. Yes it was a "Tsunami" alert due to this Tonga volcano 🌋 Police didn't let anyone to enter beach for rest of the day... Good that it just ended with minor tsunami 🙏 Thanks to this technology for letting us know hours before the tsunami . In Peru, lack of alert lead to few loss of lives.

[@hypercomms2001]

Impressive, but I suspect this is not the first time this sort of thing has occurred, but I suspect a similar thing might have occurred with Krakatoa, but clearly then it would have been hard to observe what we can see now.

[@hypercomms2001]

The reason why the internet cable was broken was not because of the tsunami, but because of the travel of underwater volcanic debris that traveled that far it severed the cable.

[@HappyQuailsLC]

I re-played what he said after saying "pressure gradient" and I can't make out what was said.... he also mentioned something like "metio tsunami" and I have never heard of such a thing before.

[@RonniMo]

Look up "meteotsunami"; essentially a kind of "false tsunami" created by extreme weather as opposed to geological activity like earthquakes or eruptions.

[@heatherjoy479]

A week ago get it right last Saturday

[@renegade2171]

What was the other explosion to the right of it that happened a split second before the fact

[@kelduck8851]

Cyclone.

[@tinnagigja3723]

Dumb question incoming: Is there anything interesting that happened in the antipode area when the wave bounced back? Like, was there some guy somewhere in Africa who suddenly felt his ears pop when a pressure wave hit him from all sides at once?

[@MermaidMakes]

I can tell you that the day of and the whole week of the eruption, I felt an immense pain flair up. I get flair ups with my chronic pain on days the weather is bad, when the pressure drops, and I pay attention to that sort of thing because I have to plan my days around it. It’s anecdotal but I thought it might be interesting. I wonder how many people felt it without even connecting the dots.

[@ozwasp]

Mount Pinatubo also helped reduced the increase of CO2, through Iron fertilization of the oceans, helping sequestration of CO2. Perhaps the Tongan volcano will do the same thing and perhaps we can reduce the atmospheric CO2 levels using the same technique?

[@BLACKHAWK4949]

I'd like to know what would happen if this happend on land...

[@marquisdehoto1638]

Shouldn't the extra SO2 also cause acid rain? And does those atmospheric tsunamis also occur at other eruptions of volcanos? It was so interesting ^^ Didn't know those effects existed and that this "simple" eruption cause a lot more than the wave.

[@Pojo771]

True, SOx emissions cause acid rain. We've regulated those and reduced those ( Kyoto protocol) decades ago and seen a reduction in acid rain. This may cause rain to be more acidic somewhere, but I don't imagine it would be significant. I'm also not an atmospheric scientist

[@marquisdehoto1638]

@@Pojo771 I thought the same. Maybe it's not as bad because it's a rare event and not like factories that emit it all the time. Or the amount is still less.

[@YouTube_is_full_of_trolls]

The way I understand it... no, because the amount of release doesn't seem to be significant on a global scale... a large part of the explosive nature was due to the interaction with sea water... but like this other person said, I'm not a climate scientist... just what I gather from watching a bunch of videos about the eruption

[@pattheplanter]

The injection of the SOx into the stratosphere/mesosphere is the difference, acid rain comes from lower in the atmosphere. The Tongan volcano plume reached up to 55km (35 miles) and the majority of it reached 35km.

[@icared4338]

This is not volcanic Mother Nature thing, this is man made claim for dropping a bomb on volcano

[@pappyodanial]

Unprecedented in over 4 billion years I think not

[@20131]

@SciManDan this is a nice proof of the round earth, 4:50

[@idraote]

The Tonga eruption clearly shows how unprepared we are in the face of any kind of natural event. After days we still have little to no information about the situation in the islands. Of course, they are in the middle of the Pacific, but wasn't this a globalised and interconnected world? It seems our ""interconnection" hangs by a thread or, in this case, a submarine cable.

[@h.dejong2531]

Most countries have a lot more redundancy in their communications infrastructure. Tonga has 100,000 citizens spread over a bunch of islands. That means 1. connecting them all is expensive 2. there's a small tax base to pay for expensive projects like undersea cables. So they were relying on satellite phones as backup. That works in most cases. This eruption took out both the main link and the backups.

[@emiliehans5225]

Would have liked a good, visual explanation for the meteotsunami. Wikipedia isn't helpful either.

[@SoloSailing77]

During the Pinatubo eruption, I remember watching a scientist claim that it caused the same damage to the ozone, as one thousand years of manmade pollution. I never bought that one, but I am sure they do some serious damage.

[@jjreddick377]

I feel like this should have been bigger news.

[@isikeliwalls3715]

Just as Tonga announces that Bitcoin will be introduced by November a natural disaster happens to wipe out all sevices and internet. That’s gotta be some bad luck

[@philipcallicoat3147]

December,,25 ,,2022 .... The continent of the US is in the midst of a cold wave that has engulfed it with sub zero temperature s and massive power outages.... 🥶

[@RoughAndWretchedRAW]

May not have ever seen it before but it has certainly happened before. Krakatoa for one. Nothing new under the sun.

[@deniawilly9509]

Whys does it point to an island but the explosión happened in the ocean .. and why is it that the satélite pointed at an explosión for the first time . Probly if you look closly you would see that something went down hit the Reef and exploded. I'm an islander I see the difference

[@kelduck8851]

The island was on the edge of a large cauldron, so just the edge of the volcano. We have weather satellites JAXA -Himawari 8 that is in geostationary orbit above the Pacific, it takes an image every 10 minutes, it and its predecessors have been doing it since about 1977. So yes it could have happened for the last 50 years or so and we would have a picture. The images have a resolution of 0.5 kms, we have cargo ships over 600 m. There are thousands transiting the Pacific daily. With your islander eyes, how many cargo ships do you see in the image? The missile would need to be bigger than a cargo ship to be seen.

[@juice8292]

😂😂😂OK OK OK ❤️ WOW....AMAZING 😳 I FINALLY GOT A CHANCE TO SIT AND LISTEN WOWOWOWOWOW