How to Create a Classical Planetary System

[@gaiusbaltar4850]

Thanks to your tutorial, I was able to create a planet of my own. Now the part I don't get is how to create life. I've felt so lonely these past billion years, you know.

[@henry5636]

I would recommend working through it evolutionarily so add new species every generation. Stuff like asteroid strikes and mass migrations make it more interesting.

[@johannageisel5390]

You can speed the process up if you crash a comet containing microbial life from anouther planet onto the newly created one. It's a bit like making a new batch of sourdough from a sample of your old batch.

[@titiekresmisari3503]

R

[@aa-to6ws]

Easy Tip: Add an Alpha Genesis Civilization: Is a type of Civ. Who especialices in the addition of life to potential habitable planets. You may add super especies or just your predetermined bacteria.

[@DigitalJedi]

Plonk down some basic bacteria and let them make baby for a few billion years. Boom. Complex life.

[@traingang5686]

Still watching these videos after years, thanks Edgar for all of these amazing videos!

[@simondann7371]

A decade later and I am still rewatching this series. Absolutely incredible production, feels like it was produced yesterday!

[@zelda64rules]

According to this, and what I found from Wikipedia: Habitable Zone = 0.95-1.37 AU Inner Limit = 0.1 AU Frost Line = 4.85 AU Outer Limit = 40 AU Planetary locations: Nothing, as Mercury's Perihelion is < 0.25 (too close for closer planet) Mercury = 0.4 AU / ~1.75 (good) Venus = 0.7 AU / ~1.43 (good, but getting close) Earth = 1 AU / ~1.5 (good) Mars = 1.5 AU / ~1.85 (good) BELT: going with largest object therein: Ceres = 2.77 AU / ~1.88 (good) Jupiter = 5.2 AU (only 0.35 AU from Frost Line, possibly causing above) * ~1.83 (good) Saturn = 9.5 AU * ~2.02 (slightly far, but eccentricity takes it within *2 of Jupiter) Uranus = 19.2 AU * ~1.57 (good) Neptune = 30.1 AU * sqrt(2) = ~42.57 (past Outer Limit), so done

[@MyNameIsCain]

I stumbled upon this video, and I am quite glad that I did. Watching your videos I can see you have a very well put together system for your videos, and I wish this channel the best. I can't wait for more videos.

[@dinubreu7477]

Wouldn't the outer limit for the orbit be given by the Hill Sphere of the star? So, for the sun, couldn't there be planets orbiting at much more than just 40 AU? This particularly interests me because the hypothetical Planet 9 is supposed to orbit about 200 to 1200 AU from the sun.

[@Treviisolion]

+Dinu Breu Yes, especially since our sun with only 1 solar mass is speculated to have objects orbiting almost 1 lightyear away.

[@complexemotions338]

+Dinu Breu You are completely correct.

[@enkiimuto1041]

I wish he put the source of the formulas on the description or at least name them, makes it easier to study them deeper or just fact check. This limit on the outer layer is really bothering me, I thought he would use something closer to the hill sphere. Like, is it the outer layer formula here "O = 40 x M" something related to the distance of Pluto (39 AU)? It really feels like it and shouldn't be correct. We have objects relatively of the same size that go farther than that.

[@larrydavison8298]

The outer limit is the boundary beyond which planets neither migrate outwards nor form. In our own system, that's where the trans-neptunian objects start. Which may extend all the way out to the Ortt cloud. The Hill limit is where the Ortt cloud stops. If you can get a copy of GURPS: Space, that's where he got the "Classical" system build formulas from.

[@complexemotions338]

Problem here is that A: the limit in which the migrate is dependent on a whole lot of things like the materiel in the system as well as the number of planets and all sorts of nonsense. Frankly, considering there are several theories currently that speculate the existence of a 9th planet beyond Neptune as well as more concrete examples of objects that exist beyond your limit like sedna: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna as well as other objects like en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(148209)_2000_CR105 and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_VP113 all are objectes that have orbits that take them far beyond your proposed limit. Also the source you're using was released in 2006 which predates many of the discoveries of most of these detached objects by up to 6 years. Also we've found several Exo planets that orbit far beyond your limit. Your formula also fails to account for captured rouge planets, possible objects captured from other planets. Also it's completely possible to have a planet in an extremely eliptical orbit that takes it from the outer solar system to as far as the oort cloud, and this could be caused by a planet almost being ejected but not completely being thrown out. Your system frankly is flawed and doesn't account for fringe cases as well as current modern data that makes GURPs space 4th ed obsolete for proper educational material. Please check your facts in the future. When that thing was published pluto was still a planet. BTW senda is proof that an object can migrate out further than your limit.

[@NoelTaylor42]

You know what would be interesting? Building a geocentric system! I wonder if it would ever be possible, but you'd be the one to figure it out. Cheers!

[@BetaDude40]

You'd need a very, VERY massive planet to do that, and unfortunately planets of the size necessary will turn into gas giants, brown dwarfs, or even stars of their own. I mean, you *could* try doing a binary system with two stars orbiting a very large circular path, and the planet in the middle of their baycenter, but I'm not sure if that's stable or good for life

[@thoth7290]

consider: a rogue planet with an artificial light source mounted on one of its moons, which functions as its "sun". boom, no need for an insanely large planet.

[@JamesTaylor-bo8cv]

@@thoth7290 it's less so light that's the problem and more so heat and UV light. UV light(for plants) could be handled by an artificial source but not heat. Whatever machine powers the light would generate some heat but it wouldn't be enough. On a side note it would need to be powered so who knows how that would be sustained with little to no outside help.

[@moemuxhagi]

@@BetaDude40 No, maybe in a Binary system, a rogue planet was caught IN BETWEEN the two stars and would therefore orbit the Barrycenter. It would never experience night, would roast on the spot and would be torn appart by the gravity of the stars, but, at least, for a moment, it would have become the center of the system. And that's one hell of a bucket list done.

[@BetaDude40]

@@moemuxhagi Right, but the planet, if it's caught as you said, would have to enter the barycenter at some initial velocity. The two stars oppose each other in parallel forces, but not perpendicular forces. Therefore, even if the planet approached this system and was somehow indestructible, there would be nothing to oppose any of the perpendicular velocity vectors and it would fly out of the barycenter. If you can make that work in universe sandbox 2 I'll be sufficiently impressed though lol

[@hydralisk98]

I wasn't expecting a GURPS promotion here. Sweet to see

[@kalez238]

Love this video! Just what I was waiting for :D

[@geoffreyentwistle8176]

Dammit, that bit of intense number crunching made me burst out in laughter at 7 AM! Having fun bingeing on your videos - your work is great! :)

[@janthummler3548]

That was massively helpful, thank you a lot!

[@LeFrenchManOG]

Artifexian I love your videos, you deserve so much views and subscribers. Keep doing what you do and you will succeed in no time! Just a minor detail/edit; Often times Gas giants have to form before the star is created because the solar winds from a star would destroy the creating of gas giants. In the early stages of creation, gas giants lack a lot of strength in their gravity to hold all the gases together. If you look up the age of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune you will see that they are older than the sun. They all formed before the sun was the sun we know today.

[@sethr.c1065]

This is perfect! Thank you! I have had a solar system in the works for much of my life, but it's been almost without scientific accuracy like this. It's just been the creative parts such as maps, language, weather, lifeforms, and history.

[@calebfields9529]

i just wanted to see how a star with a mass of 20 would look like and my outer limit is 800

[@Keredx89]

Amazing video as always. Love the fact that you give us such a neatly and clearly formatted guide to worldbuilding. Were you inspired by minutephysics, someone else or was it something you came up with yourself? Also: I am currently working on the concept of a passing brown dwarf with surrounding planetoids messing up our solar system. Could you please make a video about galactic intruders? I'd love it, and I think it is a really interesting concept which can make for a lot of interesting scenario. Once again, thank you for these awesome videos!

[@Artifexian]

Oooh that sounds like a very interesting idea. Ive made note of your idea and il try and fit it in. I can't promise anything but im intrigued :) Thanks for watching. Glad you like what im doing...it really means a lot to know people are watching and enjoying. Yes im heavily inspired by minutephysics. Vihart too. Originally though, Artifexian was meant to be a vlog. i.e. me talking to the camera but my camera presence is awful and I had to find an alternative. Thats when I discovered Henry Reich and Vihart. Thankfully I did!!

[@Benzl9]

Great videos Edgar!

[@Artifexian]

Cheers. You asking what is the fourth edition i mentioned in comments. The guide I used to inform me whilst making this video was "Gurps Space 4th edition". You should definitely pick up a copy...well worth it.

[@eliasminick7726]

Love the video, Edgar. Good job on it.

[@alanthehirsch]

At 0:40 you start creating this kind of map, I want to make one for my own system too. What programme are you using, do you have tips. I don't know how to make one of these but it would be good if I would have one...

[@volcryndarkstar]

Elizabeth Hirsch I don't know what he's using but Adobe Illustrator would do the trick.

[@bemusedalligator]

or microsoft paint. Or a piece of paper and a pencil... It's literally a circle.

[@brunnomenxa]

Space Engine and addons for this simulator/game.

[@LawrenceMK2]

These values are VERY conservative, but still extremely useful.

[@MRWHO-gt8zo]

What value is very conservative

[@LawrenceMK2]

I made this comment 2 years ago, how should I remember?

[@squintword]

@@LawrenceMK2 Then why reply?

[@princessmaly]

I remembered these videos having very useful and simplified formulas for determining inherently complicated physics in ways that are extremely helpful for artists looking guide lines to paint within rather than trying to actually do science. I haven't been keeping up with your channel for some time but I've been working on this idea and remembered these and have come back to them looking for that, and... ...I'm honestly shocked at how bad the formulas used for the inner and outer orbital limits are. Exoplanets are discovered in the thousands every year so like I can't really remember if there was a clear example of a hot Jupiter that invalidated your short hand for the inner limit, but, my guy, Sedna was discovered in 2004, and her semi-major axis is like 500-something AU, over ten times the 40 we would have gotten here, and that's to say nothing of comets and the oort cloud. My only guess is maybe you meant the distance at which point no sub-stellar body could be a classic uberplanet because the mass involved in such a gravitational dominance would be so large as to require fusion? But if that's the case you're still way wrong, because at around 30AU Neptune's scattering parameter still approaches 1 MILLION, so I don't see why 10AU further a planet the size of Jupiter couldn't still be an uberplanet.

[@Gamesaucer]

So does this 1 to 1.2 AU distance from the frost line for the largest gas planet hold up even if you start to work with highly massive stars? I was trying to randomly generate a few systems with your parameters, but as the stars got more massive, the first planet placed got comparatively closer and closer to the frost line until they're pretty much indistinguishable. Is that still realistic? If not, what would you suggest I do to remedy this?

[@tcvu3463]

I got everything ready and was about to draw it all out (because I had finished the math) but then I saw my frostline and habitable zone were beyond the outer limit and the only thing that came to mind was: "okay, where'd I fuck up" and apparently it's not O=4.0*M but O=40*M. Awesome video, sadly my intellect doesn't allow for me to get into worldbuilding after one watch, I need 2 at least.

[@timothymclean]

I _thought_ those numbers sounded familiar... Go GURPS!

[@NosebleeddeGroselha]

Oh dear this is so much science, I don't think I'm qualified enough to do this, I'm gonna mess it up and my fictional planet is gonna explode. This is so much responsability.

[@davidpo5517]

By definition, an AU is an astronomical unit and is the distance between earth and the sun (i.e. Earth is 1 AU from the sun). So by that definition, from the viewpoint of someone living on another planet, wouldn't 1 AU equal the distance between their planet and their star. If so, then an AU is not a constant unit of measurement, but is determined by perspective. Just an interesting thought, especially if people are going to be using this to build their own system (and then use that system as a world in which to create books, poems, alien planet/species profiles, alien cultures, or anything else that's just plain creative). Maybe you could do a video (eventually) on what other types of units of measurement might arise as a result of living an even slightly different distance from either a sun, moon, or planet.

[@ryuko4478]

AU is the average distance from this and only this eart and the sun, so it's less relative than you think

[@LunoRawke]

My star is called Odin, its a yellow-white dwarf main sequence star(F8V in Morgan-Keenan spectral system) with a temperature of 6210K. It has two planets in the habitable Zone: Tyr and Balder, but Tyr is too toxic too suport life and does not have magnetosphere. I still don't know the distance of Odin's habitable zone or its luminosity, I only determinated its 1.2 Sun radius and it's an F8V spectral type.

[@NikodAnimations]

Watch the 'how to build a star' video

[@ItsRetardedDuck]

one question. in this video you used R for the frost line, but in the star building one R was used for habitable zone. wont this be confusing later on?

[@Artifexian]

If they ever appear in the same video I'll have to change them. The letters aren't important really: they aren't set in the same way e=mc^2 is set. I used R in both cases because the GURPS worldbuilding guide gives the frost line as R and the "Planet Construction kit" gives the Habitable zone as R. Feel free to used whatever letter you wish or use R_frost and R_hz

[@someguyontheinternet2521]

So. im trying to make a system myself and i need a little help with the math. im attempting to make a binary system and i need to know the frost line and the inner and outer limits. if you tell me what details you need for it i will answer. Please help

[@jesserobertson8397]

@@someguyontheinternet2521 theres a vid for that

[@meangreenbean3582]

So you say that you can only place planets orbits 0.15 AU away from another orbit, but what happens when two moon like planets go within this range? Do they instantly implode, even with their weak masses? Similarly, what if I have 2 super Jupiters with orbits 0.16 AU away from each other? Sure, they have crazy masses, but they're safe according to the video. Also, universe simulations like universe Sandbox show that planets can orbit well within this limit. Finally, there are real life planets that also defy this rule. TRAPPIST-1 has two planets that orbit 0.015 AU away from each other. Can anyone please explain?

[@trendyboy1539]

Mean Green Bean 2 super jupiters will not form so close to each other... instead they will collide to form a single extra super jupiter and derbies will form its moons.

[@bemusedalligator]

these are very general rules that usually work most of the time. There are always exceptions, there are always weird things that can go on.

[@daniel_rossy_explica]

I know that this is an ooooold video, but i found a nice creative contraint: based off our solar system, the mass of the star should be like 99% of the total mass of the system. Given that, you could build a system taking into account how much mass you do still have to distribute among the planets, asteroids and the like.

[@v10lentv10let]

Hey Edgar, I know this is a super old video, but this is really the main place I feel it's applicable. The orbits you plot using the most massive gas giant as a starting point, would you also be able to substitute these orbits with asteroid belts instead of planets? Would there be a limit on where or how many asteroid belts can form? Your input would be greatly appreciated. And if anyone else happens to read this comment and knows a better place to ask him this direct, please let me know.

[@MattexFilms2006]

Question about the units of measurements: I'm assuming the values like the frost line, inner and outer limits and habitable zone are measured in AU. What is the solar mass, luminosity, diameter, temperature and life measured in? I'm the guy making the multiplayer game, posted in your /r/worldbuilding post.

[@Artifexian]

Ah very good. Yes all distances are in AU. The mass, luminosity, temp, life etc is all relative to the sun. So a lifetime of 0.6, for example is 0.6 times the suns lifetime. Similarly, a diameter of 1.2 is 1.2 x greater than the suns diameter. And so on Am very sorry about this...should have made this explicitly clear.

[@MattexFilms2006]

Artifexian No problem, I used the diameter of the sun to workout the diameter of the stars I'm generating in KM and AU.

[@Artifexian]

Yes, put in values relative to the sun being equal to one and convert them into Km afterwards. Worldbuilders tend to use these relative equations because they give as they give a feel for whats happening. Like, saying a star's mass is 3.978x10^30 kg is correct but can be a bit meaningless. On the other hand saying a star's mass is 2 (2x that of our sun = 3.978x10^30 kg) is a much easier figure to grasp. If you get me.

[@Sabersonic]

I thought those equations and numbers sounded familiar. I assume you used Fourth edition for the world building example?

[@Artifexian]

Yes I used the fourth edition. Its a great guide :)

[@Sabersonic]

Artifexian That's what I thought. Though now that I think about it, would the calculated Goldie Locks Zone allow multiple habitable planets since there's increase support of the idea that both prehistoric Venus and Mars had water on their surfaces if not oceans? That, and it would have been nice if GURPS had mentioned that particular equation when it came to building a habitable star system....

[@Artifexian]

Sabersonic Yes for starters the habitable zones inner and outer limits are at a 1.43 ratio so even without trying very hard you could squeeze two worlds in there. Hell you could even put two worlds in the one orbit if you make use of lagrange points....perhaps more.

[@CristianGomez-yu8gp]

Nice profile pic

[@enkiimuto1041]

The main gas giant I have is around 11.1, but that makes the 1.4~2 rule go as far as 5.55 AU, not even close for an habitable zone on a 1.2m star.

[@NikodAnimations]

It is possible to have dead, cold rocks between your earth analog and jupiter analog

[@_Aly_00_]

Do asteroid belts need to follow the 0.15 AU distance from planets rule? Is the 1.4 - 2 rule a hard limit or could I say put a planet say 2.7 away and it would still be stable?

[@t.k.abrams4720]

How did you decide that your world needed to orbit at 1.44 AU?

[@YouberChannel]

Can there be 2 Habitable planetary system without them Orbiting each other?

[@wiggy5700]

Please do a video on geocentric systems.

[@kokocreates4166]

So this is a really late comment, but I've been trying to follow along with Artifexian old build and informational videos, so I can build my own world to do some spec. Bio in. I must've missed Build two, can anyone tell me what video it was?

[@milindgavhankar8913]

please make video on binary habitable planet system rotating perpandicular to orbit around star

[@rowan1016]

how do you know what type the planets are (terrestrial, gas giant, etc.)

[@dionemoolman]

Generally, the orbits inside the frost line are either terrestrial planets or rocky asteroid belts, and the orbits outside the frost line are either gas giants, icy planets (like Pluto but bigger) or ice belts. You can sometimes have gas giants in the inner system or terrestrial planets in the outer system if you have planetary migration, but that tends to mess up the orbits a bit so only do that if you need one there (like a habitable moon). Just use the Solar System as a guide and you can’t mess up. But this only works for classical planetary systems, so if you’re making a weird system go haywire (just make sure you have a logical explanation for why each planet is where).

[@lotusnaturals1897]

When will you cover asteroid belts?

[@NikodAnimations]

My K-type star called Aimes is so small and dim that the habitable zone is less than half the distance of the solar system's. And the main gas giant orbits at 3.4 AU, which is not that much further that our solar system's asteroid belt. What's interesting is that I may have accidentally made three potential spots for asteroid belts. Edit: nvm I'm stupid about asteroid belts

[@electricpants8196]

I'm making a star of 80 Jupiter masses (right on the edge), but for some reason the habitable zone comes after the frost line? If you're wondering, I did all the maths correctly. Also, if the habitable zone comes after the frost line, does that mean the system is uninhabtable?

[@NikodAnimations]

As indicated by the maths, that is impossible. Frost line is 4.85xSQRT(L), and habitable zone is SQRT(L)

[@zethicalyt2406]

Toure Voice has Broken The Speed Of Light It Can Escape A Black Hole

[@gfdfdgfdghgdhs234]

so how far will the outer limit be if the star would be type O?

[@gfdfdgfdghgdhs234]

***** so i could make a gigantic solar system using a O type star? AWENSOME! THE BIGGER THE BETTER

[@gfdfdgfdghgdhs234]

***** i don't care about life in my solar system! the bigger the better!

[@gfdfdgfdghgdhs234]

***** happy building!

[@gfdfdgfdghgdhs234]

***** i already made a planet called "Pinwheel B" but i have no ideas should my star be k type or g type or b type

[@electricpants8196]

If you're going for habitability, choose either K-type or G-type (K-types would be more ideal for life than G-types) stars. If you're going for system size, choose either G-type or B-type stars (They have the largest outer boundries of the 3 types of stars you described).

[@LaurenceBrown-rx7hx]

Did you get the outer limit estimate from Pluto?

[@NikodAnimations]

I now have an idea for a very dim red dwarf, around 0.32 Mₛᵤₙ. There are five rocky planets, and two "gas" giants. My habitabke planet orbits at 0.118 AU, and is the second fron the star. The reason it doesn't crash into the planet in front is because of a resonance with that planet.

[@aidanbutler8406]

Do they have to be logarithmically spaced?

[@NikodAnimations]

Yes, that is mentioned in the video

[@andrewpinedo1883]

They don't HAVE to, but most planetary systems do have logarithmic spacing for the planets.

[@aidanbutler8406]

@@andrewpinedo1883 thank you

[@CanadaSlasherX]

my inner limit is my frostline because I picked a mass of 0.8 so how does this work

[@vincentcleaver1925]

Any ideas on how to create star systems as we find them, as opposed to classic *solar* star systems?

[@cedricburkhart3738]

How many habitable planets can go around the same star? 🤔🌍🌍🌍🌍🌍🌍🌍🌍🌍🌍

[@s-nonymous0273]

Depends on the mass of the star itself; this has been done in Bad Astronomy blog.

[@QuakerStarGaming1912and2004]

My star stats. Mass in Solar Masses: 2.4 Luminosity: 7.2x 1 sun Diameter: 1.776 million km Inner Limit for Planets: 0.24 AU Outer Limit for Planets: 96 AU

[@QuakerStarGaming1912and2004]

+QuakerGaming Updated; Mass in Solar Masses: 2.4 Luminosity: 7.2x 1 sun Diameter: 1.776 million km Inner Limit for Planets: 0.24 AU Outer Limit for Planets: 96 AU Frost line: 13.01 AU Inner HZ: 2.549117494 (2.55 AU) Outer HZ: 3.67 AU Lifetime 1.776 billion years 2.09 AU 2.95 AU (Home) 3.9501 AU GAS GIANTS 14.01 AU 20.17 AU 40.15 AU 73.47 AU Quite stable, eh?

[@xoran4863]

+Quakermapping Your star is a A star, a little bigger than Sirius. These stars explode after 1 billion-ish years, which is too fast for life.

[@Ligerbee]

here are mines Mass ( Solar ): 0.6 Lumosity: 0.0000018622 Diameter: 0.68522298949 Surface Temperature: 0.77262077452 Lifetime: 3.58609569093 ( 43.0331482912 Billion years ) Habitable zone ( inner ): 0.688

[@NikodAnimations]

My star: Mass: 0.32 Mₛᵤₙ Luminosity: 0.01 Lₛᵤₙ Habitable planet semi-major axis: 0.118 AU

[@NikodAnimations]

​@@Ligerbee 0.6^4 = 0.129, silly!

[@melkorgidauglir9597]

Okay, how do you fill in the empty spaces?

[@ijijijijijiji]

The how could the sun hold 2 light years of stuff

[@rayrerej9630]

How do I create a planetary system with fewer than half a dozen planets?

[@rachelb.684]

in roche's limit, is r the radius of the planet in earth radii or the radius of the sun in solar radii? and when you calculate the density, is it in solar units or earth units?

[@NikodAnimations]

IIRC, in the moon video, r is the size of the larger body, so I think that this applies here too

[@marcelosilveira2276]

is it possible to hous 2 different orbits inside the same habitable zone?

[@tantaloss8682]

Wait, how'd you get the habitable zone?

[@eldattackkrossa9886]

see "how to build a sun", also by artifexian :) i wasn't able to link it in this comment but it's on his channel

[@tantaloss8682]

@@eldattackkrossa9886 thx, mate.

[@taylorswiftie1204]

how do you calculate orbital period? my planet is 96% the mass of earth and has a moon that is 0.8% the mass of the moon and just under 200,000 miles away, and one similar to phobos and 500,000 miles away.

[@NikodAnimations]

Go to the hot jupiter video. There will be a section on Orbital period

[@NikodAnimations]

It is The Cube Root of (a^3/m) a is the semimajor axis m is the mass of the star

[@ft4088]

When did you make your planet? did i miss a video or something?

[@user-jr7ww2gf1h]

Irritable Jon Syndrome he was talking about the habitable world that he referred to as premade in the video

[@lEGOBOT2565]

Did I do this right? Star: Ficvalon Mass: 0.8 Solar Masses Luminosity: 0.512 Solar Luminosity Diameter: 733291.989 mi. Surface Temperature: 5162 K Lifetime: 17.47 Billion years Age: ~ 7 Billion years Habitable Zone: Inner: 0.67976467 AU Outer: 0.9802922 AU Inner Orbital Limit: 0.08 AU Outer Orbital Limit: 32 AU Frost Line: 3.47037750108 AU

[@ender_scythe2879]

+Eric Williamson That's the same as my Aksan star!

[@ender_scythe2879]

Aksan lives in a little galaxy. Where does Andal live?

[@ender_scythe2879]

Interesting. Aksan is in a new tiny galaxy with a small black hole that has 50,000 solar masses. The galaxy is extremely new with only 30 stars. 29 of which are it's own. The other star is a captured white dwarf. The galaxy's formation is by a outlying black hole of a galaxy got shot out along with stellar material and a white dwarf. The galaxy's star list is: Mx17 (including white dwarf) Kx3 Gx4 Fx1 Ax3 Bx1 Ox0. Most of the stars are main sequence, the only exception being the white dwarf. The galaxy's farthest star is Eemtas lying 1.87 Million AU from the center. The Galaxy has enough stellar material to create 14,083 1 solar mass stars.

[@ender_scythe2879]

I think Aksan is a K0V star.

[@ender_scythe2879]

Do you know the specifications for your galaxy? It would be nice to know the other side of the spectrum.

[@ansyngamer3922]

If anyone's still in the comments I'd like to know how you get the orbit in the habitable zone for your specific planet. Does it have anything to do with the density? Any help would be appreciated.

[@johannageisel5390]

You can choose it. If you want your planet to be warmer, put it more towards the inner border of the habitable zone; if you want ti to be cooler, put it towards the outer border. Then you can use the 3rd Kepler Law to calculate the length of your year from the radius.

[@johannageisel5390]

Oh, but keep in mind that the luminosity does not decrease linearly. Try this to see the habitable zone and its "center" in terms of luminosity.: www.desmos.com/calculator/ysxryt38vs

[@Ema_Not_Emma]

I'm having a massive problem here. When i create my star's inner limit and habitable zone, i keep ending up with the entire habitable zone outside the inner limit, so no planets could ever be habitable. These are the units for my earth and star: star; .72 solar masses, .2687 luminosity, .7841 solar diametres, 8.9714 surface temprature, and 2.2734 solar lifetimes. earth; .5184 solar radii is the optimal spot for water, and is located at 122% that. I calculated the inner limit at .072AU (15.4756sR) I could be making a giant ass rookie mistake, but i'm basically having a nervous breakdown because i can't figure this out. Anybody willing to walk me through the process, i thank you greatly.

[@johannageisel5390]

Everything is fine, dear.. The inner limit means: Go no further in than this. If your habitable zone is OUTSIDE the inner limit, then it's exactly where it's supposed to be. You'd have a problem if your habitable zone was WITHIN the inner limit. ^ ^

[@Ema_Not_Emma]

@@johannageisel5390 i'm sorry, i meant outside the outer limit.

[@johannageisel5390]

Try this one: www.desmos.com/calculator/ysxryt38vs Although I don't know whether it uses exactly the same formulas.

[@appa609]

literally just a rescaling of the solar system.

[@flinko99]

How did you come up with the values for between each planet

[@ryuko4478]

Tangle randomly

[@shanemcgrath5089]

Hey can you do a star system with at least 4 habitual planet's.

[@ryuko4478]

I don't think that's even possible

[@ender_scythe2879]

+Shehab Omran I might be, but the planets would probably have to orbit each other. (think quaternary star system with all 4 stars orbiting each other)

[@ryuko4478]

+ender_scythe Thx, I didn't notice it

[@ender_scythe2879]

Yeah, such a system would unstable most of the time, only stable in a few infinity places.

[@Omnigeek6]

4 in a single-star system is very difficult. First of all, you can only fit so many planets in a single habitable zone and keep the system stable. With a 3:4:6 or 2:3:4 Laplace Resonance you should be able to fit 3 in the habitable zone with the innermost in an Earthlike orbit and the outermost in a Mars-like orbit. 3:4:6:8 or 2:3:4:6 might be possible, but there'd need to be a huge difference in greenhouse effect and it would be unlike that all four planets actually had habitable conditions. If you relax the requirements a bit you can definitely fit four in there though. Long-period binary stars like Alpha Centauri should have stable habitable zones around both stars which could fit two planets with the right orbits. If you include dwarf planets or moons it's easier. All our giant planets except Neptune have moon systems about 1/5000th the mass of their parent (Neptune is special because when Triton got captured it collided with or ejected any regular satellites Neptune had). If 0.1 earth masses (a little bigger than Mars) is the minimum to retain water vapor in the atmosphere, planets of 2 jupiter masses and up should be able to sustain habitable moons. However, orbital real estate is limited; too far out and the moon loses tides providing internal heat and the protection of its parent's magnetic field. Too far in, and the moon gets fried by its parent's radiation belts. A gas giant probably couldn't sustain two or maybe three habitable moons (and fitting two superjovians in the HZ without them perturbing each other's orbits too much might not be possible). The L4 and L5 positions of planets much lighter than their stars (for a sunlike star, basically all of them) are IIRC stable until the object at the trojan point is about 10% the mass of the planet, so a gas giant in the HZ could support two earthlike bodies (they'd technically probably be dwarf planets under the IAU definition) at its trojan points. However, another large object nearby can make the trojan points unstable, so this probably means only one gas giant in the HZ. The last possibility is that a gas giant at the inner edge of the HZ could create stable resonances which multiple large objects could occupy without interacting with each other because the gravity of the giant completely dominates the neighborhood, like how there are other dwarf-planet sized objects in a 2:3 resonance with Neptune besides Pluto. For a giant Saturn's mass or heavier Earth-sized worlds should be stable in resonances, although I don't know how many there could be.

[@thenaturekid3739]

what is the frost line

[@noahgeller2861]

How are these formulas determined?

[@timothymclean]

Science, I assume.

[@javasea8097]

using the solar system

[@hunterivey7729]

They are based off the things seen in nature and are determined by working backwards

[@francislelievre5172]

4:24 "Most of the formulas here have been taken and adapted from GURPS role playing guide..."

[@AshtonSnapp]

Not sure if I am doing this correctly.

[@enkiimuto1041]

Same, the 1.4~2 rule kinda broke on my system.

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

OK someone check if I did this right because I don't know but if I have a star that's 0.91 solar masses would it's frost line be at 2.28072475890858 AU

[@Xx_BoogieBomber_xX]

Yeah that's right.

[@celtofcanaanesurix2245]

+Gertrude Smeetheens thanks

[@miggs8075]

just round down it

[@NikodAnimations]

Holy 🐄 that's a lot of decimal places

[@dracorex426]

Damn. With a star at 0.6 SM, it's basically impossible to fit two planets in the habitable zone.

[@ninreck5121]

is a solar system with more than one planet in the habitable zone possible?

[@AshtonSnapp]

Nike reck Possibly.

[@electricpants8196]

Yeah, just look at ours. Earth and Mars are both in the habitable zone. :)

[@volcryndarkstar]

ThatOneSerperior Venus too. It's just having a little greenhouse fever at the moment.

[@jasonlewis4438]

Volcryn Darkstar Little is an understatement...

[@LawrenceMK2]

Most certainly!

[@TheMilkreator]

I made a system using this, its called Glass-3256H and has 15 planets

[@Ligerbee]

I made a system to its called 5AX.00w system and has 6 planets in it and I recreated it in Gravity simulator

[@aarontoussaint8364]

1 AU=149 Gm (Gigameters)

[@hgfggg1]

Is it possible to have 2 planets in the habitable zone?

[@Artifexian]

Yes. At least for me anyways, the math frequently produces 2. Also...lagrange points!

[@hgfggg1]

Artifexian Hurrah! I always like systems where that takes place.

[@Eurasian_]

+Artifexian How about 7?Would the sun of the system be very large of the 7 habitable planets to be in the Goldilocks Zone?

[@NikodAnimations]

There could be two habitable planets in the solar system, depending on if you count "able to sustain microorganisms in caves" as "habitable" (and, well, believe that there are microorganisms on Mars)

[@jimsonnevado9783]

minute physics style video

[@Vsmovies100]

I ended up getting the frost zone (94.5 AU) outside the outer zone (56 AU).

[@Vsmovies100]

Never mind, I just put the dot at wrong place. The frost zone was at 9.5 AU.

[@Artifexian]

From the numbers you've stated I figure your star has a mass of 1.4 solar masses. i.e Outer Limit: 40 x M = 56 AU; therefore M must be equal to 1.4 solar masses. If this is true then I think you have just miscalculated. Frost line = 4.85 x sqrt(L) L = M^3; therefore L = 2.744 4.85 x sqrt (2.744) = 8.03 AU I get the frost live at 8.03 AU and the Outer Limit at 56 AU

[@Vsmovies100]

Wow, I am impressed. Let us assume that you are right (Which I think you are), is it then okay if I place my greatest gas giant at 10 AU from the star?

[@Artifexian]

Viktor Su̥tɑmiɽu Yes. Its outside the 1 - 1.2 AU I suggest in the video but the 1-1.2 AU range is not based in hard science rather its a creative restraint of sorts. Feel free to bend the rules slightly in this regard. 10 AU should be fine. Imo anyways.

[@jasonwatts3920]

Why must the Largest Gas Giant go there? Can other planets be further than it?

[@ryuko4478]

Yes, the part about the biggest planet being close to the frost line isn't hard rules

[@ryuko4478]

@Irritable Jon Syndrome You sure are irritable. He said "Why must the Largest Gas Giant go there?" and my answer was "no; the gas giant doesn't have to go there", well my answer was "yes" but that was because I was answering the second question which was basically the opposite of the first, used for clarification, and the second question didn't have a "why". "it isn't hard rules" is a typo of "it's not a hard rule" as in; the gas giant being the closest to the frost line/star isn't a concrete rule but rather a reference. I couldn't find anything about the largest gas giant forming close to the frost line or being the closest to its star compared to non-terrestrial planets, and Artefexian just asserts it, how I understood it is that he was trying to emulate *The* Solar System. If you have any sources that talk about it please send, I am open to learning. People who assume the stupidity of others based on very limited data just to make themselves feel smart sound more stupid to me but that's just me, and at least I am not asserting (or implying through condescending questions) that anybody is stupid here.

[@ryans2318]

An M star would only be able to have 1 planet

[@NikodAnimations]

It could work with more. Proxima centauri, for example, has 3, and that's just a smaller one. My star is 0.32 Mₛᵤₙ, and has 7 planets, and it works just fine.

[@33ev502]

Lol When i crunched the numbers my star's outer limit was 3.2 AU and the frost line was 3.4 AU

[@ender_scythe2879]

+РоБокинГ That's one tiny star at 0.08 solar masses! The frost line is really at 0.1097430 AU (rounded), but a star that tiny wouldn't support gas giants/ice giants.

[@kelceyclark7378]

So instead of a country I could build my own empire of solar systems! I'm not joking about this,this is a real dream of mine!

[@munafmanjara5561]

My star is a B2 star

[@jonassmith7707]

AEIOU!

[@450aday]

i do not think your numbers are good. You can easily stick an earthlike planet 1000 AU from a sun-like sun. Assuming the world is not perturbed by nearby stars or planets it will just go round and round for uncountable years. I recommend you check out universe sandbox 2, and just save yourself some time. It does have some bugs, but it will get you in the ball park much better.

[@CompactStar]

but he mentioned he'll make "Other Planetary Systems" at the end of this video

[@wiggy5700]

Please do a video on creating geocentric systems.

[@lllStanlll]

You can't make a realistic geocentric system.

[@Scifiideas]

Loving it, as always! Another episode shared @ scifiideas.com We're catching you up!

[@alvcanonigo5717]

....

[@cantoninacanton]

I love worldbuilding

[@danladell3686]

It's 7am i got 100 subcibers thanks for 100 subscibers 1