How to determine which strand of DNA is transcribed into mRNA?

The template strand of DNA is read in the 3' to 5' direction. The newly synthesized RNA strand is formed in the 5' to 3' direction; it runs in the opposite direction of the template strand. Hence, if the newly synthesized strand is synthesize in the 5' to 3' direction, the template strand is read in the 3' to 5' direction.
And contra another of his claims, the coding strand is not the strand that gets transcribed into RNA, the template strand does. The DNA strand that is not transcribed is called the coding strand because, except for DNA having T and RNA having U, that DNA strand's sequence is the same as the primary RNA transcript's sequence, since they are both complementary to the template strand.
You don't have to take my word for it (even though unlike our person who doesn't know biology but claims to be a professor from Harvard, I actually do have a degree in biology), here's an undergrad cell biology text confirming what I said ...
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“(1) In contrast to DNA replication, where both DNA strands are copied, only one of the two DNA strands - the template strand - serves as a template for mRNA formation during transcription. The nontemplate DNA strand, although not directly involved in transcription, is by convention called the coding strand because it is similar in sequence to the single-stranded mRNA molecules that carry the coded message. … During DNA replication the base A pairs with T, whereas in transcription the base A pairs with U. Hence the sequence of the mRNA molecules is not exactly the same as the DNA coding strand, in the mRNA contains the base U anywhere the coding DNA strand has the base T.

[@akhilaunni1297]

This is for the first time am hearing and learning biology classes in youtube for a long time..Ur explanations r really nice sir..I really respect and love you from the bottom of my heart.Thanks a lot..

[@GeneticsLessons]

Thanks and welcome

[@maxra42]

Everyone should also read the Text! It is very informative and complete

[@shakirarollege2143]

Thank you so much for your explanation... Lots of love from India

[@rose3590]

Very thoroughly explained.Thank you!

[@GeneticsLessons]

You're welcome! Thanks for watching.

[@sogazelle]

Clear explanations...Thank you!

[@GeneticsLessons]

Glad it was helpful!

[@alexleung842]

I'm confused. The top strand which you label as the template strand also has the sequence ATG in the 5' to 3' direction, so couldn't both strands thus be used as the coding strand?

[@GeneticsLessons]

No. Coding strand is complementary to template strand and has different sequence, but has the same sequence as mRNA. (with one exception that T is substituted with U in mRNA).

[@proudindian6861]

Well explained Thank you! Keep it up...

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are welcome

[@yadiweeks3028]

excellent explanation!! Thank you!!

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are welcome!

[@nickandakai9931]

I'm confused....so the template strand is read from 3' to 5' and you're looking for the start codon GTA (because in RNA from 5' to 3' you're looking for ATG) correct? But in the example strands at the top of this video, both strands reading 3' to 5' have GTA...so what's the difference? Please clarify

[@nickandakai9931]

Also at 8:27 you say on the bottom strand, going from right to left, there is no GTA when there clearly is...starting on the 6th letter from the left (G). Also clarify on this please, thank you!

[@GeneticsLessons]

Do not read template strand - all the "text book" sequences on the coding strand..

[@GeneticsLessons]

mRNA and Coding strand have the same sequence except that in mRNA Thymine substituted with Uracil.

[@patralimazumder7767]

@@GeneticsLessons Okay thank you so much

[@evankuma1537]

amazing, thanks so much!

[@usamajavaid5503]

Hi can you plz label which strand is forward/ reverse coding/non-coding sense/antisense template/non-template

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@yairethcastro7112]

great video thank you so much!

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@ethanruh672]

Great video. Thank you

[@GeneticsLessons]

You're welcome! Thanks for watching.

[@ibrahimmalki150]

I'm confused about how you read the strands to find the start codon because the top strand also has GTA (3rd base-5th base).

[@GeneticsLessons]

You have to read DNA from 3' to 5' or you have to read mRNA from 5' to 3' and you have to check both strands applying these rules.

[@ibrahimmalki150]

Nikolay's Genetics Lessons But I thought the whole point of this question was trying to figure out which way is 3' and 5' because that information is needed to figure out which strand is transcribed

[@GeneticsLessons]

ORF - or Open Reading Frame gives 6 variants of reading of 2 strands of DNA if prime ends are known and 12 if ends are not known.

[@ibrahimmalki150]

Nikolay's Genetics Lessons I wasn't aware of that and I'll look into it before I ask any further questions. Thank you for your help.

[@dwaipayandattaroy9801]

Nikolay's Genetics Lessons why do you force the student to yse brain 😁

[@johannacintronsosa4687]

THANK YOU!!!

[@shethelucky1]

can i just ask for clarification, do we use the complementary strand as basis for mRNA?

[@GeneticsLessons]

Sorry, can you clarify your question?

[@kareemmohammed1067]

Can u please tell me why u take AAA ? Should I take any sequence ?

[@GeneticsLessons]

This is just random sequence.

[@Al-ov9qb]

Thanks that’s help Can u help me with this question using the DNA strand below non template provided the requested information. DNA 5’ A T G A A T A T C C G T A G T A G T G C A G T A A T C C C G A T T T T T T C A T A T T G A 3’ a. the mrna strand codon that would be necessary for translations. B. The amino acid sequence that would result from the translation of the mRNA?

[@GeneticsLessons]

Could you please rewrite this problem and questions exactly as in a quiz without stylistic and grammatical mistakes?

[@othnielkassongo4522]

Thank you so much

[@shivisuper]

Thank you. Thoroughly explained

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are welcome! Thanks for watching.

[@shivisuper]

Nikolay's Genetics Lessons is it possible for you to explain paired end sequencing as well?

[@GeneticsLessons]

Not right away, may be later - today I will post a video about how to solve probability and pedigree problems - and then going to proceed with Forensic science and Genetics videos. I think the are many videos on youtube about the topic of your interest.

[@_kunal_5251]

How strands are used in protein sythesis????

[@GeneticsLessons]

mRNA is made using template strand of DNA, and then used as a guide to make a protein chain.

[@sabharabaya9838]

Is it always the 3' to 5' DNA sequence that is transcribed for all genes??

[@GeneticsLessons]

Yes.

[@happyfamily5822]

so your mean is that mRNA use own "AUG" base to recognize which strand is cording strand, then know which strand is template strand?

[@GeneticsLessons]

No, I did not mean that. Ribosome recognize such codons.

[@happyfamily5822]

RNA polymerase recognizes codon, "AUG" on RNA polymerase recognizes "AUG" from 5'-3' or "GUA" from 3'-5'? so the codon is "AUG" from 5'-3' or "GUA" from 3'-5'?

[@GeneticsLessons]

The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and a modified Met (fMet) in prokaryotes. The most common start codon is AUG.

[@happyfamily5822]

Thank you very much for answering, happy Christmas!

[@kidsvideo766]

what mobile molecule carry?

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@sagharzekri8531]

but we have GTA in the sense strand???

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@MohammedAlAli]

Clear and helpful. Thanks from Nebraska, USA

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are welcome! Thanks for watching.

[@antanariva]

You explain everything very well, but you doing determination based on RNA. Ask the same question without RNA. Before it transcription. I understand that it was not your aim, you did very good educational video. But could you answer on my question: How to determine which strand of DNA =will transcribing= into mRNA? It is very imprortant questions when we speak about heterozygous mutation. Thank you.

[@GeneticsLessons]

By methods of bioinformatics - we have databases and we know all the gene sequences - coding and template strand sequences. If we know the sequence of the protein we also can find the DNA fragment that specify it sequence. We also can do total mRNA analyses of the cell and if we know the mRNA sequence we also can find this sequence in a genome. There are many ways to do it.

[@antanariva]

@@GeneticsLessons , ok, but can we predict which allele will be expressed? Which of the two strands will be translated in one case or another?

[@GeneticsLessons]

Sure.Just by sequence of proteins alone or mRNA. We can find a fragment of DNA and tell exactly which strand is template and coding.

[@Isabella-pn6ef]

What about polarity???

[@GeneticsLessons]

Transcription always go from 5' end to 3' end of the mRNA. On the template strand of the DNA it is going to be from 3' end to 5' end.

[@imenehk2221]

I love you!

[@MayorT]

I thought in mRNA, Adenine is matched with Urysole not Thymine with Urysole

[@GeneticsLessons]

There is no such base as urysole. In mRNA thymine substituted with uracil.

[@sublimetrance]

But the top strand does have a GTA...

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@eachoneteachone35]

(Info given on One parent strand) 5'- TAC- CCA- GGC- AAT-CGC-AAA-CAT-TGG-TCA-ATT-3 (Determine Nnucleotide of other parent strand): 3'- ATG-GGT-CCG-TTA-GCG-TTT-GTA-ACC-AGT-TAA-5' (Determine mRNA that corresponds to the other parent strand): 5'- UAC- CCA-GGC-AAU-CGC-AAA-CAU-UGG-UCA-AUU-3' PLEASE SIR. CAN YOU CONFIRM IF MY WORK IS CORRECT.

[@GeneticsLessons]

Correct.

[@eachoneteachone35]

@@GeneticsLessons THANK YOU SO MUCH, SIR ❤. I forgot to ask if I got this part correct as well. The tRNA anticodons for each of the mNRA codons are?: 3' - AUG- GGU-CCG-UUA-GCG-UUU-GUA-ACC-AGU-UAA-5' The correct amino acid sequence when the mRNA is translated is : Tyr- Pro- Gly- Asn - Arg- Lys - His- Trp- Ser- lle

[@GeneticsLessons]

No, tRNA is wrong the first one 3'-UUA-5' the anticodon position "U"is wobbling so can be multiple variants of the tRNA for each mRNA codon.

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@Jonathan-rf5cp]

"the coding strand is not the strand that gets transcribed into RNA," The coding strand IS the strand that gets transcribed into RNA. You and whoever you were having a disagreement with are actually on the same page conceptually. You just misunderstand the use of the term "transcribe". "Transcribing" means to copy something, and in this case, the strand being copied is the coding strand. The template strand is *used* to create this copy, but that doesn't mean that it *is* being copied.

[@GeneticsLessons]

OK, thanks for notifying.

[@pal9981]

Thank u very much u cleared my doubt ..god bless u

[@JapaneseChefHELLYEAH]

Jonathan you aren’t using the word “copy” correctly though. A copy isn’t being made, it’s a complimentary mRNA sequence. A copy is used synonymously with duplicate which it is not. So the template is NOT used to make a copy. It’s a complimentary sequence and saying copy makes you’re explanation not really make sense or at the very least very confusing.

[@rasmitajena9397]

I am confused and not understanding..........

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@mario222283]

Knowing that this isn't a complete gene When you started looking for ATG , why did you look for it in one direction (from left to right) , the same as for GTA you only looked for it (from right to left) If you looked for ATG (from right to left) you'd have found it , but in that case there would be a bigger part untranslated (five prime)

[@GeneticsLessons]

Because Gene can be in 3'-5' direction only - and mRNA only can grow 5'-3' direction only.

[@mario222283]

Yeah , I know that But in the video 5' and 3' aren't determined ... we're the ones who are supposed to determine them And we did after finding ATG So if we chose "the other ATG " both of the ends 3' & 5' would have been reversed

[@GeneticsLessons]

I just chose the one that gives the longer run...

[@mario222283]

So if I'm asked a question like that I should choose the one that gives the longer run ...is this how it always works ? Because l'm having a test in a week

[@GeneticsLessons]

If the correct answer only one - yes. For example one variant give you a run of 100 nucleotides till you hit a stop codon - another 3000 - (100 nucleotide run - is too short for a gene) so you have to choose the second variant - this is how genes a searched - too short runs are excluded by computers.

[@dwaipayandattaroy9801]

First strand after C C there is GTA

[@rohithftw2187]

Aynu?

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@_kunal_5251]

Hi sir

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@rahimouabdou1662]

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[@GeneticsLessons]

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