Sense and antisense strands of DNA

In genetics, a sense strand, or coding strand, is the segment of double-stranded DNA running from 5' to 3' that is complementary to the antisense strand of DNA, which runs from 3' to 5'. The sense strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA, which takes the antisense strand as its template during transcription, and eventually undergoes (typically, not always) translation into a protein.
The immediate product of this transcription is a resultant initial RNA transcript, which contains sequencing of nucleotides that are identical to the sense strand. The exception to this is that uracil is used for nucleotide sequencing of RNA molecules rather than thymine.
Most eukaryotic RNA transcripts undergo additional editing prior to being translated for protein synthesis. This process typically involves removal of introns from the initial RNA transcript, the addition of a methylated guanine nucleotide cap at the 5' end, and the addition of a poly-A tail at the 3' end. This deletion process is known as splicing. The end product is known as a mature mRNA. Prokaryotic mRNA does not undergo the same process.
Strictly speaking, only the mRNA makes "sense" with the genetic code, as the translated protein peptide sequence can be directly inferred from this strand. The "antisense" strand of DNA is complementary to the "sense" strand and is the actual template for mRNA synthesis.
Knowing the difference between the sense and antisense strands is important in certain molecular biology applications. For example, in microarray expression technologies, it is important to know which strand is "viewed" on the array. An array can correspond to either strand; however, a single array will be made entirely of "sense" or "antisense" strands.
Identifying the different strands is also important in understanding small interfering RNAs, or siRNA.

[@randolin1]

Excellent. I tend to confuse the terminologies, so thank you for a very clear explanation.

[@sintijajurkevica6256]

Thank you, This was very clearly explained!

[@RobertEmersonDaniel]

Very succinct explination. Thanks.

[@lalabengals]

Much needed. THANK YOU

[@lisavanengelshoven7964]

Thank you so much!!! This really helped me!

[@peterday1985]

Thank you for explaining this, it's very helpful. I think it is an important point that many lecturers pass over too quickly.

[@christinareed3422]

Thank you so much very helpful for my study on DNA strands.

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are welcome! Thanks for watching.

[@lilianavertel9789]

Very clear and complete

[@GeneticsLessons]

Glad it helped

[@LayneSadler]

counterintuitive in that the non-coding sense is the side that pre-mRNA transcribes from

[@ertanaltayli446]

Thank you very much, I appreciate it.

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are very welcome

[@evodebonjour1020]

Thank you very much

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are welcome

[@MultiDrGh]

very clear! thanx bro

[@Vallejofelipe1]

THanks that was great

[@Angela-sn5tb]

Thank you so much!!!

[@GeneticsLessons]

You're welcome!

[@SatishPandu-tk2qr]

Thank you very much terminology is very clear. but small doubt initially when we see a dna, it has 2 strands, both has 5' to 3' directions (in opposite directions). with out seeing mrna synthesis, can we find which strand is coding strand? i mean before mrna synthesis, just seeing double strand dna can we find which strand is coding strand?

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@vuhienanh3787]

exactly what i confused, but not yet now! Tks

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@JESSIESGIRL]

sooooo helpful, thank you!!!!

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are welcome! Thanks for watching.

[@michaelfedorovsky7944]

Spasibo Kolya!!

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@anantkumar3676]

Thanks a lot

[@GeneticsLessons]

You're welcome! Thanks for watching.

[@anastasiagvozdeva1083]

Спасибо за объяснение!

[@GeneticsLessons]

Пожалуста.

[@thewalkingparadox5481]

Sir, can you give me suggestion of books that use term sense-antisense (coding-template) when explained synthesis protein?

[@GeneticsLessons]

This terminology you can find in any textbook.

[@mohammadakhlas]

Thanks for your explanation, it is so clearly...nice video...👍👍👍

[@GeneticsLessons]

Thanks and welcome

[@MunisaR]

I GOT IT,damn. Im reading my research paper about Schizosaccharomyces pombe....too many new scientific words for me. Thanks

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@augusteniyibizi9234]

Although this video did an excellent job in clarifying which strand was which, im having difficulty understanding what the terminologies mean which is the missing link in to which I need to memorize this.

[@GeneticsLessons]

Coding strand, + (plus or positive) strand, sense and nontemplate - base siquence is the same as mRNA (except that T-U substitution). The second, is noncoding strand, - (minus or negative) strand, untisense, and template - is complementary to the mRNA and first strand. You may memorise only one set of names for one strand (coding) and all the rest would be opposite (coding-noncoding, sense-untisense positive-negative and so on) :-)

[@monkaydgoofy2059]

Unrelated to the vid but i wanted to ask u something For my project I sequenced the Dna of 5 patients and tested for mutations in 3 genes. No exonic or splice mutations found. However all 5 of them had a deep intronic variants of a single base substitution in the same exon in the same gene. Can u tell if it's significant or where can I learn more about similar cases?

[@GeneticsLessons]

Any substitution can be significant, cause introns contains also regulatory sequences. you may be on the brink of discovery.

[@monkaydgoofy2059]

@@GeneticsLessons right now I don't have enough knowledge or understanding regarding this. I'm doing it for my Master Thesis. How can I mention this in Results? I'm planning to do more research abt this in the future.

[@GeneticsLessons]

If you don't have enough knowledge or understanding about a particular topic, it is important to be honest and transparent in your reporting. In the results section of your thesis, you can state that further research is needed to fully understand the topic you are discussing, and acknowledge any limitations or gaps in your current understanding. For example, you could write something like: "The results of this study suggest that [insert finding here], but further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and potential implications. This study was limited by [insert limitations here]. Future studies should address these limitations and investigate [insert questions for future research here]." By acknowledging the need for further research and outlining areas for future investigation, you can demonstrate a thoughtful and rigorous approach to your research, even if you don't have all the answers yet.

[@monkaydgoofy2059]

@@GeneticsLessons I will. Thanks man. I'm grateful for ur existence.

[@munirahamir18]

THANKYOU SO MUCHH!!! :)

[@GeneticsLessons]

You are welcome! Thanks for watching.

[@sabrinadavidov624]

For the first time i undersrood the meaning of sense and antisense

[@evanhughes6952]

Nonsense!

[@tengkunursyahadah3271]

where are the promoter region located ? on sense or antisense?

[@GeneticsLessons]

+miss kitchen travel Promoter region is double stranded fragment. Regulatory proteins bind to the groove. When we are saying that promoter sequence such and such - we are talking about consensus sequence on sense (coding) strand of DNA.

[@tengkunursyahadah3271]

+Nikolay's Genetics Lessons but when we talk about the rna polymerase that bind to the promoter is on the antisense strand right?

[@GeneticsLessons]

+miss kitchen travel Right. RNA polymerase binds to Antisense (Template) strand of DNA.

[@tengkunursyahadah3271]

+Nikolay's Genetics Lessons thanks for helping me out😃

[@SatishPandu-tk2qr]

i mean coding strand is always 5' to 3', but below strand is also has 5' to 3' direction in opposite direction. how to find coding sequence just by seeing normal double strand dna?

[@GeneticsLessons]

Yes we can tell - using bioinformatics tools. You can use www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ website and such programs as BLAST. Bioinformatic tools can predict genes especially using homology to the known genes.

[@SatishPandu-tk2qr]

GeneticsLessons Thank you.

[@giorgifilippo]

Great question Satish, I still cannot find the definitive answer. This makes me think it is not trivial! Your answer Nikolays seems to confirm this. If I understand the bioinformatic tools search in both strands for some known gene pattern, the one strand with the highest score wins. Since RNA polymerase obviosly can't do the job this way (but it does!) there shuld be a coding somewhere at the beginning of each strand. Is this coding still unkown? Thank you so much!

[@hamidhussain2064]

Good

[@anantkumar3676]

Sir u make it so easy for me

[@GeneticsLessons]

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[@salihahkhan3065]

Thank you! When I got to virus it’s + /-

[@atheeralaa1056]

If The dna dont have u !!! ,, then how the sense strand has the same sequence as the mRna ?

[@GeneticsLessons]

+Atheer Alaa Listen to the video - I have said same sequence with exception that thymine is substituted with uracil in mRNA.

[@GeneticsLessons]

+Atheer Alaa In fact, thymine is also called 5-methyluracil. The only difference between these two bases is presence/absence of the methyl group.

[@atheeralaa1056]

+Nikolay's Genetics Lessons i never thought of this before , thanks , u have deep mind