How to store data on DNA?

[@ScienceClicEN]

I'd like to make it clear that I don't believe in technosolutionism, in the sense that I don't think such a technology will solve our problems: although it may help, above all we need to be more sober in our relationship with digital technology, and in particular we must avoid storing data unnecessarily as much as possible. We discussed this issue, among others, with Marc Antonini, with whom I co-wrote the video.

[@i93sme]

There are already optimized methods of storage for cold backups way better than DNA. I only see DVDs mentioned while other forms of storage way more dense than them overlooked

[@dalludidalla]

Understandable its also out of your book as far as i know but its nice to see that you open up to different categories just makes your content 10x as interesting

[@sanj-m]

​@@i93sme some of those other denser forms usually require extremely high-tech and expensive equipment like femtosecond pulsed lasers.

[@i93sme]

@@sanj-m same with DNA. A simple PCR test takes ages to perform. And expensive equipment. Plus read and write speed and more. There are already power optimized cold storage solutions but the trade off is speed.

[@sanj-m]

@@i93sme PCR is actually really cheap these days. There are also "lab-on-a-chip" system made dirt cheap that do isothermal PCR amplification. Even the cheapest PCR machine will only set you back less than 1000 US dollars. A femtosecond pulsed laser system will set you back an easy 20,000 to 40,000. Maybe one day, but people won't have those at home anytime soon.

[@whyalwaysmeh]

Am I dreaming or is this a parallel universe? I thought we won't get any videos for the next two or three months. Thank you science clic.

[@KyuubiCore]

My thoughts exactly LMAO

[@ScienceClicEN]

Next one coming in three weeks or so 😉

[@_abdul]

​@@ScienceClicEN 😳 Thank You ❤

[@DeveloperJake]

@@ScienceClicENNice

fr@@ScienceClicEN

[@lucasagua77]

im a molecular biologist, i discovered your channel a few days ago and you are already my favorite channel, please keep up the biology videos!

fr

[@lucasagua77]

reading DNA, as in genomics, its remarkably hard and has many problems, its almost immposible to read without errors, like you said, but it is very fun!

[@Posesso]

Such a tricky request. guy does physics, keeps quality superb, takes time, this had funding... tricky, tricky Whatever, please don't burn Alessandro, Humanity needs him I'm begging you

[@_6-6_]

Was not ready for the fluent baguette in the beginning ! Bien fait 🇫🇷 !

[@riwen0851]

(His main and first channel is french)

[@BYRDE1917]

Yeah, until this moment I genuinely thought he was a brit

[@koharaisevo3666]

@@weplaywax He was born in France.

[@shellybunnii]

@@BYRDE1917lol he actually hires this particular voice actor who is very popular, if you watch a lot of videos like this, you’ll actually hear this dudes voice a lot. Narration like this can’t be done by just anyone. He is a professional

[@mehdux]

tg

[@bitkurd]

My purpose in life is to nourish all the fundamental forces of the world, Science, religion, atheism and mysticism. Thank you for these wonderful gifts!

[@MulengaMwinsa]

Another iconic and momentous video from science clic. Great work brother, keep it up.

[@ScienceClicEN]

🙏

fr@@ScienceClicEN

[@_MdTasnimulKhairTousif-jk5rs]

It makes me want to scream out loud in joy. During my undergraduate course, I was taught about a few bio inspired comuting algorithms, but using bio inspired storage is completely mind blowing concept.

[@herobrine1847]

@revelari5250every new technology is “scary” in some sense. But that’s the fun part!

[@PatheticHero]

And it may kill us all. Great win for the Matrix, and soon AI be celebrating the fall of humanity.

[@bradman19gaming]

@revelariGod is not real. You have held the human race back with this savagery

[@Posesso]

Why there are no ads in your videos? Is it because you want to deliver the ultimately understandable knowledge aport you can? and ads ads just don't do that. So here, an ultimate master piece for a concept that at least could work, instead of some skillshare crap. When it comes to YT, funding, and what the channel does. I think this is the best answer even if delivered with a 'but can be wrong' comment. The beauty in it, the economy of words. Man, you are what legendary will refer to once we are all gone.

[@youramazingvulptexwife4180]

I can't wait for solid state bacteria for data storage!

[@TactileTherapy]

Wonder whattll be the cure for the first computer std

[@sicfxmusic]

@@TactileTherapy It all begins when computers start looking for nearby computers in compuTinder.

fr

[@076torikul9]

😂😂

[@juggadaaku4219]

“Hey you brought the hard drive?” “Yep” _inserts finger in the usb slot_

[@Bangin0utWest]

😂😂😂

[@bitkurd]

😂😂

[@sicfxmusic]

Whoever came up with the name "thumb drive" were way ahead. 🤣🤣

[@denissavgir2881]

Your comment has so much potential for inappropriate abuse 😄

[@Dr.Akakia]

Did you bring my data? Me: ah yes i upload them in WC you can download them

[@yogafrogz]

Why does every video on this channel absolutely blow my mind?

[@SuperImPrOv]

Seriously, those pronunciations in the beginning were wildly impressive. Good shit.

[@jamium]

I think he speaks French, because the main channel, ScienceClic, is French. That's why there's a separate narrator to the writer.

[@AThousandSunsinphysics]

As an aspiring theoretical physicist and also who loves biology, especially DNA and genetics, I love your channel. Also you have shown the mathematics of relativity is another W

[@moonfoxarise]

This is so high quality a video that I’m scared of having to make something of this standard once I get to university

[@praneelpathak2911]

I just wanted Alessandro to know that he is currently one of the best content creators on KZbin in the science community. But I think he already gets many comments like that, so I'm going to give few suggestions too: 1. Making complex topics simple by animation and slow voice is your strength. Don't lose that. 2. Try to upload slightly frequent. I know you don't have a large team but still upload the fastest you can. 3. Please do a playlist on the mathematics of Quantum Physics just like your playlist on mathematics on theory of relativity. 4. Please make videos on interesting topics of mathematics too, not just physics. 5. Consider making a video on quantum computing too!

fr

[@Memfyy]

Wow, I keep being amazed by how far we've gotten as a species, all these videos bringing these complex subjects to an understandable level for free is just amazing. Thanks ScienceClic for all the work you put in, your work will alaways be supported ♥

[@osamabinladen6070]

Then we fight each other over bulkshit, and we support capitalism

[@russellsantana]

This channel has to be one of the best on KZbin. I just watched a PBS Nova video before this one and, while perhaps Nova is directed to a wider audience, its content is so much less informative and enjoyable than ScienceClic.

[@NicolasFischer-xt1ns]

I found this video and your channel for the first time. I'm s technical person but not really into biology etc. What a great video! Thanks for this. Very well explained on a low level.

[@TheGalina88]

Having explored Hidden DNA Potential on shirlest, I can say it’s like stepping into a new dimension of understanding. It’s refreshing and empowering. Everyone should give it a try!

[@spectralelements]

Always makes me giddy when I see a new vid from you guys. Feels like a new season of your favorite series just got released.

[@spadeyspacely]

A life long buddy and I have always had long conversations about abstract things. Neither one of us have much education in the topics beyond complete fairytale theory, but we just enjoy imagining the abstract. A handful of years ago started our conversations of wondering how we may get ourselves to walk and experience another planet. In our current form, I don’t believe it’s possible. My first curiosity was whether or not we could “store” and compress the human conscious and how large would it be in terms of fitting it on a medium. Could we create a consciousness, store it, extract it and read it? Next the thought was getting a 3D print machine on to a probe that could “print a body” in a Boston Dynamics manner, and final implementing the extracted conscious into the robot. It’s awesome to think we’re seeing KZbin videos pop up about ideas we’ve wondered about for years, and even experiencing real life abilities of doing such this like storing simple data on DNA. Even with the idea of Neural Link, it would even be awesome to think of booting into the conscious of a mechanism that we put on our planet of interest and control it from a craft we put close enough to contact. Anyway, complete fairy tale stuff, but vids like this open up the sci-fi flood gates

[@gameofquantity96]

One of my favorite KZbin channels

[@ΔημήτρηςΝτζιώρας]

hello everyone! at 4:45 you say that the quaternary uses half the digits used from binary, to repreesent the same numbers, but in reality wuaternary uses four [0, 1, 2, 3] digits to represent a, t, g, c acid bases, rather than two [0, 1] used from the binary. hope you edit it in order to avoid misdirections. always thankful for the video! i m sorry. i didnt understand it at first. now i do. you re right. i leave it here to help someone that may do the same mistake as me and goes to search at comments though. u be good everyone!

[@alessiomasciandaro1022]

This channel's videos will need to be stored in DNA too. Not because they'll become cold data, but because we need to protect the good there is in the internet!

[@Davethreshold]

Have they actually done this on any scale yet? This is TRULY Mr. Spock stuff! I thank Joe Scott for letting us know about this in his latest video!

[@stephanieparker1250]

Fantastic video. Packed with info, clearly explained, well researched.. I loved learning about the cooperation between organizations. Thanks!

[@beabzk]

This was a very good video as always. It has yet again widened my view of the world. Thanks for maintaining such a quality. I would also like to point out that your voice is so comfortable to listen.

[@kwezicanca3698]

As a South African very grateful for a quick release... Love your videos dude

[@lucasinatur]

?

[@pandemichypnotic387]

@ScienceClicEN Can you make a video about why mathematics works at all and how it has developed and will continue to develop? To this day it is still no mystery to me how such a language comes out of nothing and is so precise, or how the rules were established. Good Video!

[@adamelalfy06]

This channel is amazingly captivating. More uploads will be awesome!

[@iphaze]

What if DNA is the result of already achieving a way to preserve data from an ancient past? We are the result of something that wanted to preserve itself - or a part of itself - long, long ago.

[@rjfd5028]

My thoughts exactly. As I just wrote this, a thought popped into my head. What if the so-called 'Alien Grays' are our future selves, as it's already been propagated, trying to find a reset point. That's not my belief, but it's a thought. Another line of thought is that AI has always been, and we've only re discovered it. Every time, it gets closer to whatever the endgame may be. Maybe too much knowledge leads to a point of where creation meets creator and it can only implode creating a void or black hole.

[@SorakaOTP462]

Imagine if somehow information was already stored in everyone's DNA but we just don't know how to read it yet. The moment we uncover how to read it it'll give a repeating message that will say "Hey Earthlings, your life is meaningless but congratulations for cracking the code. I'm just letting you know that you're all fucked and there is no afterlife".

[@Soupy_loopy]

Finally, an optimistic point of view! And everyone else is always expecting the worst outcomes.

[@herobrine1847]

Yes that message is encoded in “AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA”

[@maucazalv903]

1. 2:22 that's a lot less of what I expected- 2. 8:03 being fair because of the very short space they could allow to have a lot of copies and still be more space-efficient

[@ganashkumar3140]

The concept is good. We have to wait for the technology to be developed in a similar way to how we evolved from vacuum tubes to semiconductors that shrunk the size and time.

[@cuongnguyenuc1776]

This is very amazing!! A whole summary-like lecture is represented in this video!!

[@1miykael41]

One of my favorite channels on this planet, please make more content

[@Caniac5337]

Well, looks like I just found my favorite channel

[@Autrone]

Very interesting video, I found it in my recommendations and I'm getting hooked! Also I've thought about it, is it possible to store the data in a specialized eu/pro-karyotic cell? The only thing the cells need are food and water (or maybe even sunlight/whatever chemical they need, if you picked autotrophs), which is most probably cheaper than electricity. I reckon that the data should be stored in plasmids (ring DNA). (There is good research that proves that plasmids are a very good mode of data storage). And those plasmids should be stored in a big and heavily-protected bioengineered organelle only with DNA polymerase seldomly fact-checking those plasmids. Other than that, this speciallized cell should be allowed to do its daily functions, metabolize and all. I don't think that we can bioengineer specialized cells like that in this point in time, but I hope that I will live long enough to see it come into fruition.

[@ag3575]

S-tier video on a fascinating subject, thank you

[@sahit87]

Great video! I have what could be a very dumb question. Would used plastic polymers be a good raw material for synthesising artificial DNA or at least making the shield capsule of the artificial DNA?

[@ahgversluis]

Love your stuff, and your music!

[@kieranhosty]

the computer science is extremely straightforward, but the biochemistry... I have mad respect because I have no idea how to keep track of all of it. Synthesis and Sequencing must be extremely complicated! Edit upon finishing the video: man I'm kinda wishing I went into Biotech for my course, DNA computing sounds awesome! Though if we run an AI such as a GPT on DNA substrate, will it really be right to call it artificial? (I'm not getting involved in the debate on whether the current systems are intelligent, I personally strongly doubt it.)

[@shantanuaphale3966]

Incredible presentation ❤❤❤

[@justp303]

Every one of your videos is top quality. Thanks!

[@mgord9518]

"And a speed roughly equal to an internet connection: 100kB/s" That's insanely slow by modern standards, most people's internet (at least in the US) is 10-50x that speed. It's certainly promising, but still needs to jump another order of magnitude or two before it's practical.

[@dalludidalla]

Wouw octave and alessandro never disappoint ❤️👍🏾 go on !!!!

[@o_o-037]

While I love your space & physics videos, this is an interesting change of pace.

[@collie8]

you just never disappoint us, great topic

[@dadoge28]

Why is the background music so good like listening to it at night hits different

[@erasamus1057]

may i suggest an animation of the newly discovered ghost resonance in the sps of cern, I'm not sure if that is fitting for this channel and i understand based on the trampoline analogy but i love the way this channel animates phenomenons

[@Redtoad1234]

Seems like a good way to preserve stuff for future generations in case society collapses but not much else. An interesting advertisement by the French state.

[@ursibar7837]

Still I hope that DNA storage comes soon

[@oryxchannel]

Well done. A fine catalyst for my AI research assistant and I.

[@hugoballroom5510]

Indexing/metadata and extracting seems to be a bigger obstacle than encoding the data. It would be great to have a series on what's involved with that. For example, does reading the DNA damage it at all?

[@Fran-or3lt]

In my DNA I store the information required to construct a fully functioning alcoholic.

[@Tom_Quixote]

The end result of four billion years of evolution, countless forefathers fighting and dying for a chance to mate and pass on their precious genes.. only to create an advanced being that ends up as a slave to the excrement of yeast. But don't get me wrong. I like a drink, too.

[@224SS]

Thanks a lot for the all beautiful people's hard work. Scienceclick 👍

fr

[@AnonW]

This was so well explained even a 5 year old would understand it.

[@tongyizheng4289]

Nobel prize of education to you!👍

[@KazeKamiFooDjinn]

Storing the data this way sounds cool! Accessing it will also need to be put in place for quartey comms. Every communication cable would have to have four threads plus multidirectional communication. So, a minimum of 8 threads even with fiber optics.

[@ashenzenden]

scienceclic video LEZZ GOOOO

[@DaddyRaiden]

Can't wait for the day I'll no longer need to go to school bc everything I want to learn can be easily written to the DNA of some artificial redundant cells inside of my body and there is a method for altered DNA-reading proteines reading out that info and starting off a hormonal exchange to my brain, so I can use it whenever I want.

[@AluminumOxide]

This is like quantum computing of data storage - a massive leap!

[@mrt6012]

I love you Alessandro 💕

[@Kwauhn.]

Is there any research into similar molecular data storage mathods that don't rely on DNA? It feels like it would be easier to control a material specifically designed for that purpose instead of retrofitting functionality onto a pre-existing material like DNA, since evolution created DNA for a very different purpose.

[@ScienceClicEN]

Yes researchers also work on other synthetic polymers with more bases than DNA.The big advantage of DNA however is that it won't ever become obsolete, because as long as there will be life on Earth we will have tools to read DNA.

[@Kwauhn.]

@@ScienceClicEN Ahhh! That's a really clever way of fool proofing data storage. It's the kind of thinking that's in the same vein as nuclear semiotics, the design of the Arecibo message, Voyager's golden record, etc.

[@DanOC1991]

How does this compare to the current go-to method for cold data storage of using magnetic tape? If we found a way to use a quarternary tape, would DNA be better than that?

[@ScienceClicEN]

It would be much more compact and stable over time probably

[@harishthethird]

Bro has completed physics

[@AverageAlien]

Somehow I've lived life without realising we now have the ability to do this in the real world

[@thatisabsolutelykooooge2211]

Good lord another great video

[@OIII-IOOO]

gives new meaning to thumb drive

[@obiwanjacobi]

You can store it for thousands of years... If they know how to read it by that time. If you extrapolate the progress of technology in the past 50 years and how fast old tech is 'lost', the problem is not storing the data, but storing (documenting) the mechanism/technology to read it back.

[@ScienceClicEN]

According to the researchers that's also one of the key advantages of this method : as long as there will be life on this planet we'll most probably have machines to sequence DNA

[@imeltasidjawa1857]

Really can’t stress enough the impact that Hidden DNA Potential on shirlest has had on my life. I’ve been more motivated and focused than ever. If you're looking for a change, this is where you should start!

[@Chris.Davies]

DNA is great for biology - and it is fundamental to evolution - which is something that is very bad indeed for a storage system whose purpose is perpetual error-free storage. This makes DNA a silly thing to encode information on, unless you are alive - in which case, groovy! DNA is tremendously difficult to preserve, and its access time is frankly, terrible. There will be some amazing developments with DNA in the future - but not for data storage in computers. One of the great things about the advent of AI will be to greatly assist humans in managing and working with large data sets. And in this way, build up a lot of metadata, which makes the data actually useful.

[@Exterior_product]

amazing. thanks for video

[@RafaCB0987]

Such a cool technology

[@jimmycsays]

Same type of drive Lucy created at the end of the movie.

[@Crawsome_Crustacean]

Imagine someone sending you a protein just for it to decode to a rickroll

[@SanmaySR]

Man that's the funniest thing I've ever today

[@KNGALDO1]

Now we talking, Woooo!

[@Nxck2440]

I wonder if this could be a new way of visualising natural genetic mutations. Give a bacteria a plasmid encoding an image of something, then grow the recombinant clones, allowing it to mutate over generations. Then sample the genome over time and decode the resulting image. How long before the image gets corrupted? If the protein resulting from the image code turns out to be useful, this could be really cool way to watch evolution in action.

[@rg807]

Please do a follow-up with analysis on the impact of quantum computing on DNA storage.

[@Bobcat9]

Did you say @0:44 that the quantity of data is "several Trillion GB ?" I understand that's an estimate of course. Why'd you number them "several" and not "a few" or "a couple" or "tens of, hundreds of" ?? Why _several?_ Do you mean "several" as in less than 10? Let me offer a comparative context: If I had a dollar for every discrete piece of data which ~estimates to "several trillions," how much more or less than _several trillions_ would it beif I had a dollar for every dollar in the US National Debt? Which is now officially over 34 Trillion. Does this mean we have 2x 3x 4x more debt in dollars than we do in discreet quantum of data? I'm just trying to get a sense of how relatively larger or smaller these two numbers are, which are both in the Trillions.

[@ReginaldCarey]

Can you sequence the dna without changing the archive? You’ve got to take a sample and put it in a reader. I don’t think the process is benign.

[@whyalwaysmeh]

So we are living data centers.

[@bitkurd]

I’m a walking hard drive 😅 according to Michael Talbot and his book “the holographic universe” the entire universe is encoded in a single atom in your body

[@M_1024]

Self-replicating data centers.

[@belleviebernardo6369]

What are you using to create that clean that animation ?

[@BooleanDisorder]

Could we synthesize "dna" with even more base pair types that doesn't exist in life? Or similar

[@ScienceClicEN]

Yes! Some researchers work on synthetic polymers with more bases than DNA

[@SynthRockViking]

This is awesome 😵

[@benjaminbeard3736]

Considering how they sequence it would you have to rebuild the DNA every time you went to read it?

[@ScienceClicEN]

Very good question! At the moment they store millions of copies of each file, and sequence only a drop of the DNA each time, so most copies should remain in the capsule.

[@benjaminbeard3736]

@@ScienceClicEN ok, that makes sense. It's not like it would take up much space. Thanks for the reply. Really interesting video, I enjoyed it quite a bit.

[@Elias_Halloran]

sounds promising enough.

[@Lalitakumari_9934]

Better then Google Drive

[@NaveenKumar-sv9mk]

Who else need a video on Quantum Computing?

[@meryembl8846]

"bro i lost all my documents !!" "dont worry!" *licks usb port*

[@skun406]

So to see a file, I would have to file a request several days prior, to let the techician sequence the strand (opening the vial, exposing the storage to elements). How much energy does this sequencing use, anyway? Less than a hard drive?

[@carlodave9]

We should reserve the phrase “playing God” for this stuff. DNA is the foundation for life for a reason. Such an elegant and versatile design.

[@calebmydood6249]

Are you going to do more general relativity/gravity vids in the future? Maybe a video that talks about the influence that gravity has on the whole universe? I also dint completely understand how objects get trapped into a masses gravity. Like how does an apple actually start moving? It had to be out of the gravitational field at some point, so how did it enter a masses gravity?

[@zobanpreetsidhu3746]

Literally magic

[@vinniepeterss]

love this❤

[@azertyuiop432]

Allez ! Univ Côte d'Azur

[@tobaidi]

This is fascinating stuff! I wonder How wpuld quantum computing come into play if any?

[@Aditya-tt2jz]

Nice one bro. What about next topic ???

[@ScienceClicEN]

It will be about space, calculations, and movies, but I won't spoil it yet ;) It should come out in three weeks!

[@Aditya-tt2jz]

​​​@@ScienceClicEN Yep , waiting for it. And I wanted to know how you create these videos ? - From India.

fr

[@elektrode4585]

@@Aditya-tt2jzbelieve there’s a making-of video on their main channel although it’s in french

[@angelguerrero2890]

This could be used for artificial connecting flesh and machines for a better connection with nerves

[@Low-addition1987]

the name "thumb drive" is getting real recognition

[@PodishettySai]

Please make a video on 3 body problem