Human Genome Project & The DNA Molecule Explained

In this lesson, we will learn about the human genome project and the structure of the DNA molecule. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and is the building block of all life on Earth. DNA consists of a phosphate backbone and a series of four nucleic acids. These are Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine. These four genetic letters determine the structure of genes on the DNA molecule, and these govern how proteins are made in the body and how the body functions and grows. The human genome project mapped the nucleotide bases and the genes in the molecule.
More Lessons: www.MathAndScience.com
Twitter: / jasongibsonmath

[@shafikahomayara4372]

This video really blew my mimd. I started my university and my major is Gemetic Engineering & Biotechnology. So I came here. I am completely BLOWN AWAY. I am really loving these amazing things everyday!

[@paulatlin9067]

You have the ability/talent to simplify complex topics which allows the average person to comprehend...thanks

[@MathAndScience]

Wow, thank you!

[@realaira6110]

A real teacher 👏👏👏

[@lukeandrew3335]

One of the best educational channels on YT, thank you.

[@MathAndScience]

Wow, thanks!

[@Financeification]

I love his videos for the same reason I love Richard Feynman lectures, multi-layered and simple descriptions with enough of what I already understand to introduce new details. Good teachers are gold.

[@MathAndScience]

That is the highest possible complement I can get! He’s one of my idols.

[@danab172]

Thanks for mentioning. I looked him up.

[@hasinahmasud5503]

You are a good teacher I learned more from you in one video, than from my online professor in 5 weeks. Thank you

[@HassanMNasir]

You’re the best KZbin teacher I’ve ever met😢🙏🙏🙏

[@averagejoepratt]

Very good presentation. I learned more from this video than probably any other I’ve watched about DNA

[@razalasreficul6902]

Thank you, Jason! I'm a biology student who's been following you since high school, and whether it's physics, maths, chemistry or biology, your teaching skills are unmatched. You are simply an amazing educator and communicator, and I wish you the best!

[@shango6164]

You Sir have a wonderful gift of communicating and making the complex easy to understand. You are very engaging. Thanks for sharing.

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you!

[@mathewdaly9142]

Your videos are awesome, please never stop.

[@MathAndScience]

Thanks, will do!

[@abbaquantum431]

Fascinating. Well presented. Marshall Nirenberg would be proud. I would encourage high school students to major in chemistry and study at university and PhD programs to contribute to this marvelous field of DNA bio-chemistry.

[@shamimsharfi2755]

Great video; a very complex topic made so easy to understand. Thank you.

[@dayhaysuper3639]

keep making these videos, I learn so much more than I did in school.

[@donnakelley1202]

I came across this KZbin video quite by accident. I have wondered about this topic for a long time, and couldn't begin to figure out how to find more information, on a level that I could understand. Most teachers talk way above my level that I feel totally overwhelmed before I even get started. You did such a good job of explaining the basics that I didn't feel like a dummy. I still am way below the average young college student learning this, but I'm not as dumb as I was before I watched this video. I have so many questions. I want to learn more. I will be looking for more videos from Math and Science. Thank You.

[@renejacques8288]

I love chemistry. Your work reminds me of that passion. I don't think my college chemistry professor explained the subject as well as he found himself in academic probation, so I heard, because too many students were failing. I love research. I didn't know there were so many unanswered questions in regard to DNA.

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you very much! Yes so many unanswered questions!

[@anilsalpekar8466]

Meaningful living is a lifelong learning process. Thanks for your easy to understand presentation.

[@joedasilva134]

I was able to understand the chemical bondings because I had watched the video on the periodic table. Sickle cell anemia was named after the shape of the red blood cells which resemble a sickle . Thanks for another great video . May the force b with u !

[@MathAndScience]

Thanks and also with you!

[@bellardosilacan3432]

Bravo sir ...nice and so informative explaination ...you are a brilliant professor..

[@MathAndScience]

So nice of you!

[@premkumar9608]

The info you collect and give us is just class. Thnks jayson

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you!

[@sohambiswas6472]

What a wonderful presentation and explanation !! Doesn't matter if the video length is over 40 minutes. Honestly, I would love to continue listening for as long as hours if this kind of explanation is provided. I am a young researcher in bioinformatics, just started my science career in research and I wish during my college days, anyone could teach me like you. I wholeheartedly admire the effort and patience you have put to make this video and make it easier to understand the fundamentals of DNA molecules to others.

[@Albertmars32]

Thank you for doing what you do, Jason 🙂

[@NokuphumlaBebetho-sw8xn]

Magnificent man now that you've explained the topic about human genome project and DNA I hope you can explain RNA too

[@baraaktail6860]

This channel is reallllllly astonishing!! Plz continue the great job

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you!

[@bbulliard]

You are a gifted world class teacher! I’ve always wanted to understand Dna and chemistry. Fascinating thing about periodic table and why it’s layed out in that order. I don’t remember my teacher explaining the table and what it means like you did. Many thanks. I think you should be called SMDT (supreme master dna teacher). .. bob

[@MathAndScience]

Really appreciate it!

[@mehmetberisha3681]

It was great .Finding functions is the greatest challange

[@jamestanny849]

Another quite interesting video, great work and as always explained in detail!

[@MathAndScience]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@tresajessygeorge210]

THANK YOU SIR...!!! It is very INTERESTING...!!!

[@MathAndScience]

So nice of you

[@ChannelSRL1]

Outstanding! You are a very gifted teacher.

[@andrewjustin256]

It is a spectacular job_ biology!!! Thanks a lot! Keep up the good work!

[@MathAndScience]

Thanks, will do!

[@R.N.M-]

I just don't get it how some people can find this hard to understand? It's just as easy as breathing when you are dead IMO... Jokes aside, i could actually understand some of this without having a clue about it 😃 Awesome teacher! I'm actually assembling a homemade periodic table shelf for my collection as i watch this 😀

[@jjohnson67sg]

Outstanding presentation! Well done and well explained. I feel like an expert on the subject now.

[@rubi588]

I swear to god if I ever win the lottery I’m giving you a bunch of it for putting your time, expertise, and passion into these videos

[@MathAndScience]

Sounds good to me!

[@drumtwo4seven]

Nice 👍 Deoxy ribonucleic acid From memory

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you!

[@daniellitton4764]

I wanted to comment but I see so many others already said it. So...great job. You're awesome.

[@pamelaforth7820]

Thank you! I always wondered what it was all about.

[@rajendramisir3530]

Thanks for sharing your research. I learned a few more new things about the DNA molecule. It’s amazing to realize that every animal has a unique genome. It is interesting to think that the human evolutionary process used the phosphate as the backbone of the two DNA spirals. I liked how you explained the hydrogen bonding between A and T and that of C and G.

[@MathAndScience]

Appreciate the nice words! Glad you liked it!

[@chanpol321]

amazing ability to teach and explanation in simplify easy to understand. thanks

[@MathAndScience]

Glad it was helpful!

[@chloethomas5509]

Brillant educator!

[@Mirror601]

I love this teacher ❤❤

[@tariqrimi]

Excellent presentation.Thanks

[@MathAndScience]

So nice of you

[@timdernachn9851]

You're great at explaining things! I learned so many things from this video just when I thought I knew everything😄 In terms of somehow editing/repairing damaged base pairs to prevent or cure a given pathology, if there are X trillion cells in the body, how would that DNA fix be applied? It's impractical to edit the DNA in every cell so would the medication just target the organ or structure containing the cells responsible for producing the relevant proteins? Eg with with sickle cell anemia, the DNA within haemoglobin producing cells in bone marrow(?) would be targeted and corrected?

[@Trag-zj2yo]

Great information and if you get help with production this could be a premier channel

[@pralayghosh2013]

Thanks s lot for sharing your profound knowledge with me. It was very interesting

[@MathAndScience]

My pleasure!

[@Sumerian_Tamil]

Initially without knowing anything, now as well in similar position, I was contemplating the ATCG acting as transistors resonance at play, any combination any string with lumped masses, ( reminds me Sir C V Raman effect aswell affecting) with what characteristic frequency and resonance at work.. to do any, ...this goes well to start with to examine my body mind approach.. in net we do vibrate with music, electric shocks, mechanical shaking etc.. I should watch more and more.. may be for one year..and then see..

[@wilsonagbanu1310]

My name is Wilson I always watch you on youtube thanks your video is as helpful as those of Africa, I am subscribed,

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you Wilson!

[@mukongemmanuelmusibe1642]

Thanks very much I'm working on a project to determine the motion of DNA from the department of theoretical Physics. I wish to ask if DNA test they use to proof relationship between humans means both people are having same base sequence?

[@User-74891]

Thank you. Very interesting.

[@MathAndScience]

Glad you enjoyed it

[@xyzxyzxyzxyz636]

Thank you!

[@yuusufliibaan1380]

Thanks 🙏🙏 happy Friday

[@MathAndScience]

Same to you!

[@kalalukamwangala4698]

This is great .

[@alangamer2017]

Thank u but have quesion,if the hyrdogen gets a electron from the other side then what does it get from its side? How does it stay with its side?

[@sharinaross1865]

Good teacher.

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you! 😃

[@fahimkhalasi4115]

nice biology explanation sir

[@MathAndScience]

Thanks so much!

[@douglasbuchanan2973]

TRUTH GOD SCIENCE ALL TOGETHER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Thank GOD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@pashtun7468]

Thank you sir

[@conocimientoexpandido]

Thanks. I would appreciate if you spend more time talking about the actual technologies and how it was done rather than the basics of DNA

[@gerryjvsoftware2135]

Great series of videos. I have a Question about the Hydrogen bonds of A-T & C-G. In he fist example of the H-N bond of the A-T molecules u say N wants 3 extra electrons. It already has 2 extra from the 2 adjacent carbons so needs 1 more. U say it gets this from the H (of the T molecule). However this H is bonded to a N which is bonded to 2 C so it seems to me that the H already has it's extra electron. Perhaps this is not the case but what bonds the H to the N if not a shared electron? So why would this H want another electron when it only needs 2 (1 extra )? Why does it bond to the N In the A molecule?

[@danab172]

It would be a breakthrough. I would love to see such a remarkable change. Of course, I wish there were other changes too though... socially and environmentally. We need a new world collective consciousness.

[@User-74891]

I have got some supid questions: In what part of the body the DNA is located (or it is in every cell of the body)? Does DNA code change during the life of a human beeing? Do I correctly understand that the DNA molecule of all people has the same components (A, T, C, G) and difference between people is determined by the sequence of the DNA components?

[@leonardkipngeno519]

I felt like adding this great text from the bible here,Jeremiah 32:27,It is written, "Behold I am the Lord ,the God of all flesh: is there anything too hard for me? "May this verse be a great gate open to the wonders of the creative power of our God.

[@janicecarter7487]

Thank you

[@Semtex777]

Will you add biology in the paid courses subscription ?

[@aayushgaming4751]

Nice 😊👍

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you! Cheers!

[@ericboakye844]

I really understood woow😲 .danke schön

[@zorosryanolemyan1955]

Explain very simple way

[@estheressandoh9569]

Great

[@josephfriday2661]

There had to be a prototype sequence. For example I would suppose the prototype would have a séquense for brown eyes and the sequence for blue eyes is a mutation. Since there is many physical differences in humans, it must have been difficult to determine the prototype?

[@judeangione3732]

Wow, thanks for demystifying how the bases pair up. I thought it was magic. LOL

[@xBoLtiCuS]

Your videos are going to pay big dividends hopefully 😂

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you so much and take care!

[@dia.a.3283]

Hi l have a question in math, what is the number if you divided by 2 you will get a rest with 1 and if you divided by 3 you will get also a rest with 1 and you continue to divide by 4, 5 and 6 also you will get a rest with 1 but when you divide it by 7 though the rest is 0. Please can you solve this problem by algebra or similar arithmetic methods? I really do appreciate it. I am not interesting in answer but the method I mean how to solve it!!! The answer is 301

[@realaira6110]

Kun fayakuun... Allah Maha Pencipta❤

[@kn9ioutom]

ELECTRONS LIKE MOLECULAR GLUE !!!

[@Cicnavi]

Hi, there's something confusing about the linking of atoms. You go into detail how N wants 3 connections to be stable and you show how it's connected to 2 already and there's 1 free. On that same connection you show how on the other side there's H and it wants 1 connection and that's why they bind. But here is something you skip and it's confusing me - that H already has connection(s) on the other side. Why doesn't that make it "full"? In the case of N or O we take into consideration their current bonds but for H we don't...?

[@timhowell6929]

Yes I saw the same thing. Atoms on the left side of the periodic table (primarily metals) are electron diners, while those on the right are electron receptors. In a oxygen-hydrogen bond, the bond is covalent, meaning the share (co) outer (valent)electrons. However this sharing is not always equal, oxygen and nitrogen have more influence over hydrogens lone electron than hydrogen does. This creates a situation where hydrogen has a more positive charge and the other atom (nitrogen or oxygen in this example) become slightly more negative. A hydrogen bond occurs where there is a slightly positive hydrogen attracted to a slightly negative atom like oxygen.

[@Vort_tm]

So essentially your question is about Hydrogen Bonding. Why does the hydrogen of 1 molecule even interact with atoms of another molecule when it's already bonded? That's a very fair thing to be confused about and without going too far into it, the answer is Quantum Mechanics. Dun dun dun... (I had about a paragraph more typed out when I realized why am I trying to explain here when jumping over to wikipedia would yield a much better explanation than a youtube comment ever could.) But to at least answer your question by pointing you in the right direction, Hydrogen Bonding is what you should read up on. Just FYI it's one of those topics that you can read a paragraph about and have a decent understanding of, and then get a PhD in as you continue to research electrostatic interactions (which is to say, it's above my not-PhD-having level). There's a lot of ongoing research into how to put it into use. (Just watched a Veritasium video on substances engineered to imitate a gecko's ability to cling to surfaces, and that's all based on Van der Waal's forces, which are similar to, but weaker even than Hydrogen Bonds.)

[@Vort_tm]

So... I hadn't watched the whole video when I replied to this. Just another note, but his explanation of Hydrogen Bonding in this video is... not good. If I didn't know better, I'd also be super confused. He's talking about them wanting another bond when they sort of don't. The fact that they are stable molecules proves that. All of those N and O already have 8 valence electrons (via single bonds, double bonds, and unbonded electron pairs) and the H already has 2. I think he's oversimplifying, and I still haven't finished watching the video, but yeah, his explanation of Hydrogen Bonds is pretty lacking. Like I said, check out Wikipedia, but the long and short is that hydrogen bonds occur between molecules. No molecular/covalent bond occurs, but rather a weaker electrostatic attraction (that we call hydrogen bonding, but again, it's a weaker sort of bond that you can better think of as an attraction) occurs between those atoms on different molecules when they are in close enough proximity. A decent analogy would be to think of two magnets; the magnets (covalently bonded molecules) are attracted to each other (hydrogen bonded) without reforming bonds and becoming part of each other (just don't try to tell someone that hydrogen bonds are magnetic.).

[@trevorbates8972]

The next step forward here is to learn what part the biological, Higgs Field, plays. Just as in atoms, it is a measured, electrical, imploding force, which dominates all cellular behaviour. As it becomes stable it nullifies the imploding force until, for one moment in time...measured in nanoseconds, all implosion is lost and the cell's components burst apart, only to be recaptured with new vigour and electromagnetic, nervous, strength, instantly. The place-marker of this naked Higgs Field in the Periodic Table is zero...but that's another story.

[@rizanz2108]

This teacher is a Photon!

[@kpk547]

The goal to sequence the genome heated up in the late '90's when a private group led by Craig Venter (an Elon Musk type innovative thinker of that time) from Celera Genomics tried to finish the sequencing of the genome ahead of the non-private human genome project. This challenge was the added push needed to propel the project over the finish line

[@MathAndScience]

Interesting!

[@jasonwiley798]

Everybody's dna is different. So mapping our DNA, while a major accomplishment, only maps a generic DNA . I wonder whose DNA was actually used . We really have mapped only that person' genome. I'm sure mine is very different lol.

[@timhowell6929]

Not as different as you might think. 99.9% of all human dna is the same. Our differences arise from that remaining 0.1%.

[@lon9540]

Too much detail on the helix, wish you had given a more broader view of the genome project and explain how the information can help with eradicating diseases.

[@sxmmii_gxchaa774]

Thankkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk you

[@MathAndScience]

Welcome!

[@angundrugilbert8469]

I like your presentation. You're good teacher.

[@DF-te2vm]

3 billion base pairs, but the interactions of these pairs, if ever known, could be billions, trillions or more ???

[@annhargrove4920]

IF WE KNEW ALL OF THAT, WE COULD RECREATE A MONSTER.

[@tallswede80]

more people listen to you than the university professors, therefore, the market has spoken.

[@davidfinn6903]

So where does the graphene hydroxide with the synthetic mRNA that bonds to our broken or split DNA strands affect our immune system in response to a pandemic vs our natural DNA makeup that works perfect? Is replacing our DNA software with synthetic version mRNA why spike proteins are clotting so many people with wrongful sequence bonding?

[@edgotsis]

There is a typo: it is Adenine, no Adeine. Just an n missing...

[@MathAndScience]

Doh! Thanks.

[@anikettripathi7991]

Those who have understood DNA they could easily understand omnipotent capabilities of infinite consciousness. A code /Software that makes hardware . It's not possible in science. In science we need hardware first. So thankfulness are inevitable after realization. All our intelligentsia and ego's of boasting disappears.

[@MusicalGeniusBar]

Let longer = better;

[@MathAndScience]

Thanks much.

[@CarolynOsborne]

The other innovation we will need is to stop basing insurance companies' denials of payment for healthcare on "preexisting conditions."

[@aboalighazali9597]

Isn’t that enough to believe in the creator? All knowing all mighty.

[@jamespfrancis776]

👍🌷❤👍

[@lakhbinderjitsingh7795]

I got my sample of DNA look like spring things I eaten it thinking like fruit from the omnipresent GOD ok

[@annhargrove4920]

Impossible

[@abdullahiabdi3213]

Allah yahdik

[@Andre_XX]

7:32 You meant a carbon atom, not molecule. 12:22 The Human genome project sequenced not one molecule but the 23 (paired) in a human cell. Copying errors are not always bad. If there were no copying errors, evolution would never happen!

[@MathAndScience]

Yeah misspoke on the atom. Sorry! And yes should have mentioned about the copy errors but wanted to stay away from evolution as it wasn’t the focus on the lesson. But great points!

[@Andre_XX]

@@MathAndScience Not a problem! I am just amazed at the broad range of topics you cover!

[@aboalighazali9597]

It’s so disparate to see only thousands watch these types of educational videos while stupid and silly videos are watched by millions or even billions!!!

[@ddallgood1383]

Ecclesiastes 1. There is nothing new under the sun, God created us this way. And we allow for-profit corporations to experiment on us, knowing they truly know nothing about the games they play.

[@prasunkumar7334]

Your vedio content is good. You explained every topic very clearly.but I does't like your animation that relates your topic

[@user-yz2ti9lp9m]

More DNA manipulation to achieve a preconceived conclusion 🤷‍♂️