Illusions, delusions and the brain. A Ramachandran lecture on body image and mind body interactions.

This lecture by Prof. V.S. Ramachandran (University of California, San Diego) will focus on body image and mind body interactions.
www.glasgow.ac.uk/index.html?r...
This year's prestigious University of Glasgow Gifford Lecture Series will feature three talks from V.S. Ramachandran, the Director of the Centre for Brain and Cognition and Distinguished Professor with the Psychology Department and Neurosciences Program at the University of California.
Founded in 1887 by the bequest of Lord Gifford, the annual Gifford Lecture Series was established to promote, advance and diffuse the study of Natural Theology in the widest sense of that term. The focus of this series will be 'Body and Mind; Insights from Neuroscience.'
Ramachandran said: "Monday's lecture will focus on body image and mind body interactions, while Wednesday's lecture will deal with understanding higher brain functions through studies of synesthesia and other types of intersensory interactions, including discoveries of mirror neurons. I will also touch on the important deeper philosophical implications that surround these subject areas."
Dr Susan Stuart, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Glasgow said: "It is our great pleasure that Vilayanur S. Ramachandran has agreed to present the 2012 Gifford lectures at the University of Glasgow. Ramachandran is one of the world's leading neuroscientists; he has been responsible for groundbreaking work in the fields of behavioural neurology and psychophysics.
"His work on autism, visual processing, and synaesthesia is truly pioneering and during his career he has carried out marvellous work on understanding and treating phantom limb disorders as well as linking between temporal lobe epilepsy and hyper-religiosity, a field now known as 'neurotheology' or 'spiritual neuroscience'."
Biography:
V.S. Ramachandran is Director of the Center for Brain and Cognition and Distinguished Professor with the Psychology Department and Neurosciences Program at the University of California, San Diego, and Adjunct Professor of Biology at the Salk Institute. Ramachandran initially trained as a doctor and subsequently obtained a Ph.D. from Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. Ramachandran's early work was on visual perception but he is best known for his experiments in behavioral neurology which, despite their apparent simplicity, have had a profound impact on the way we think about the brain. He has been called "The Marco Polo of neuroscience" by Richard Dawkins and "The modern Paul Broca" by Eric Kandel.
In 2005 he was awarded the Henry Dale Medal and elected to an honorary life membership by the Royal Instituion of Great Britain, where he also gave a Friday evening discourse (joining the ranks of Michael Faraday, Thomas Huxley, Humphry Davy, and dozens of Nobel Laureates). His other honours and awards include fellowships from All Souls College, Oxford, and from Stanford University (Hilgard Visiting Professor); the Presidential Lecture Award from the American Academy of Neurology, two honorary doctorates, the annual Ramon Y Cajal award from the International Neuropsychiatry Society, and the Ariens-Kappers medal from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences. In 2003 he gave the annual BBC Reith lectures and was the first physician/psychologist to give the lectures since they were begun by Bertrand Russel in 1949. In 1995 he gave the Decade of the Brain lecture at the 25th annual (Silver Jubilee) meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. In 2010 he delivered the annual Jawaharlal Nehru memorial lecture in New Delhi, India. Most recently the President of India conferred on him the second highest civilian award and honorific title in India, the Padma Bhushan. And TIME magazine named him on their list of the 100 most influential people in the world.
Ramachandran has published over 180 papers in scientific journals (including five invited review articles in the Scientific American). He is author of the acclaimed book "Phantoms in the Brain" that has been translated into nine languages and formed the basis for a two part series on Channel Four TV (UK) and a 1 hour PBS special in USA. NEWSWEEK magazine has named him a member of "The Century Club" -- one of the "hundred most prominent people to watch in the next century." He has been profiled in the New Yorker Magazine and appeared on the Charlie Rose Show. His new book, "The Tell Tale Brain" was on the New York Times best-seller list.
In addition, Ramachandran has an interest in history and archaeology (see his article on the Indus Valley Code).

[@rprasannakumar]

You make every Indian Proud sir,

[@olegdoubko9351]

It’s nice to have a doctor like this, thank you 🙏 very much doc

[@markleslie5074]

This man has dramatically enriched my understanding of the brain and greatly helped me with my epilepsy. The wonderful professor Ramachandran! I would recommend his books like phantoms of the brain to everyone. they are not just educational but very entertaining, funny and extremely fascinating.

[@ancxxx]

thank you :)

[@preciadojorge]

This dude is amazing - genius

[@ged1064]

Professor Ramachandran is always worth listening to. Found him first in Doidge's book about plasticity.

[@danielandrews9904]

Learning a lot from this top neuroscientist

[@calthmlikiseethm704]

Those with a thumbs down clearly have a phantom brain... These discoveries are astounding..

[@ogungou9]

No, they have a phantom logic, it's call paralogic reasoning and sophism.

[@Grapevine1999]

More likoly they have alien brains. Per Ramschandra definition of alien limbs

[@beerj1992]

24:52 shinieerrrrrrrrrrrrr....rolling r's like no other :)

[@M4xlos]

gotta love this guy, never speaks in front of the mic

[@DataWaveTaGo]

drumeff They have fitted him with a lapel mike so it seems the sound crew are not monitoring it - it is likely not even going into the audio mixer.

[@SpiritMolecule]

this doctor is absolutely INCREDIBLE..

[@forwatchingstuff3899]

I wish all lectures were recorded and available online

[@mbala1965]

Heard about every one of these conditions in earlier lectures by Dr. Ramachandran, but not a bit less amazed than I was the first time.

[@AshwiniKumar]

you motivate me to choose neurology for my medical residency .

[@AvonaStar]

V.S. Ramachandran's experiments with the brain absolutely blow up interpretations of the self and related philosophy. As a transgendered person, this lecture (and others) brought up so many wonderful questions!

[@sbklein]

Like hell they do. I doubt he could even offer an internally coherent definition of the "self".

[@AvonaStar]

Hello! It's been 9 months since I watched this so I might be misunderstanding; however, I believe that my point was that his experiments destroy many types of interpretations of the self. I don't expect Ramachandran to provide coherent definitions or interpretations of his experiments (although he does of course). My point was that his experiments change how we should think about the self, as in what happened in the experiment and the results for the subjects. For instance, the hidden hand experiment where either a fake hand or table were used as substitutes for the real hand. It seems quite obvious that this challenges ideas of what the self is. This is what I meant when I said that his experiments "blow up interpretations of the self".

[@sbklein]

Far from obvious to me. Can you explain?

[@AvonaStar]

The subjects in the experiment would experience the table or fake hand as though it were they own and would show signs of stress when the table was approached with the hammer. This seems to indicate that they saw the table as a part of their body. What is a part of one's body and what is not a part of one's body is pertinent to the question of selfhood. What is a part of the self? Most people assume that their body is a part of themselves, but the experiment shows that things such as the table can be made to feel as though they're a part of the person. So the experiment changes how we think about selfhood, eg. it is more fluid than most think.

[@sbklein]

This phenomenon has been known for 100 years. For example, it long has been known that holding a tool (e.g. hammer) in one's hand often is felt as by the holder as a extension (or even part) of his/her body. But, while the phenomenon suggests limits on what can be taken as aspects of self, the demonstration says little about what the "self" that is experiencing the illusion of ownership actually consists in. Rama is high on demonstration-driven rather than theory-driven research. This is sadly true of much academic psychology. We are captivated by a clever demo, but the theoretical motivation for the flashy exhibition is weak or lacking entirely. Psychology as currently practiced (by most, not all) is a science primarily in the sense of "method = science" -- thereby mistaking a necessary condition for a sufficient one. Rama's research may have tangential relevance to the question of "what a self is", but its lack of conceptual depth is sadly emblematic of psychological "science" today.

[@lesfatalspicards]

Wonderful lecture and content!

[@AmarDamani]

One of my favorite speaker ever...

[@627pts]

Ramachandran has published over 180 papers in scientific journals . He has been called "The Marco Polo of neuroscience" by Richard Dawkins and "The modern Paul Broca" by Eric Kandel.

[@msginca]

I've seen this a couple of times … I'm downloading it now for my phone.

[@cseguin]

I loves me some Rama . . . I contacted him via email once with a question about my 'condition' . . . he responded right away - but, unfortunately, without an answer to my query . . . he told me to drop by if I'm in California and he'll run me through a battery of tests to see if he can solve my question . . . . maybe, one day, I'll take him up on that . . .

[@msginca]

This man is awesome.

[@420MusicFiend]

Love his talks and the book by him I have. Him, Marc Lewis and Oliver Sacks are my favorite neuroscience/neurological authors. I'm not including Sam Harris because his books are not solely about the brain. Thanks 4 posting!

[@627pts]

I AM GLAD you all are enjoying this one too ;)

[@BankruptRecords]

one of the most brilliant minds of our time needs more views

[@prakashamrit3106]

THANX ALOT RAMACHANDRAN SIR,VERY NICE LECTURE

[@moribundmurdoch]

More lectures instead of the ads for the university please -- this is good.

[@rgrs]

I have seen his first Ted talk of 2007. He is grrrrrrrrrrrrrreat..

[@ImpakaWarrior]

Posted on my birthday. Great present.

[@murrkimbai]

love it!

[@thankyoumrsg6590]

loving this in 2020

[@hayatgulhenna7279]

Very interesting

[@IanHollinhead]

Excellent Research! You should see " WTF Bending A Mans Mind. " Such a genius movie.

[@justinschwartz5384]

Pure Brilliance! That was mind blowing!

[@kathrinm3742]

Pure Genius, watched online a few days ago. I couldn't believe it.

[@monaalei1917]

Incredible studies

[@aniccadance13]

Brilliant mind🌟

[@yanpinghuang608]

thank you !

[@ritchiepeyton]

I so wish the preambles were edited out of uploaded video lectures.

[@kylepreston317]

The mirror neurones make me wonder, have you ever felt pain watching someone get hurt? For example watching a bone break or a punch to the face, all of which may make you wince. Maybe that is why we get those sensations

[@kylepreston317]

Also maybe the reason we have psychopaths is due to a lack of these mirror neurones, thus not giving a 'real' sense of empathy

[@vijayanodukkathil2693]

Yes; that is the exact reason for psychopathy.

[@enter_me]

@@vijayanodukkathil2693 empathy is well discussed in Manfred Clyne's 'Sentics'

[@josephcoon5809]

At the highest abstract level, the brain processes information by comparing historical information with current information. When executing tasks, millions of bits of information is processed despite a fraction being necessary to execute that action. Every portion of the brain is trying to be a part of the solution because they need to activate to receive resources. This high level of synaptogenesis created numerous extraneous and superfluous connections. After repeated executions, the connections that are common across every execution is reinforced while those that are different are pruned. This is why when you learn to drive a manual transmission by using the tachometer as the triggering indicator when you first learn, but after months, you trigger based off the pitch of the engine. While learning, you consciously focus on the tachometer, but your auditory cortex is still processing all the sounds going on at the same time. After months, the auditory cortex prunes everything except the common stimulation of the engine pitch. This is why you are able to conduct a conversation about neuroscience with your passenger while high frequency gear shifting during rush out traffic on a roadway you have traveled for years. Subconscious activation is the result of optimization which allows neuronal groups to activate from the lower energy levels of network node adjacent neuronal groups. When first learning a skill, information is routed through the prefrontal cortex for conscious execution. This is a high energy requirement process which is why the brain can burn nearly 20% of your WHOLE body’s caloric usage. This is also why decentralized forms of government is far more efficient than centrally planned governments. The more complex the society, the higher level of resources the executive branch of government becomes. Smaller, culturally homogeneous countries have far less complexity than a far larger culturally diverse society. It is a poor form of rational discourse to compare a population of 10 million to a population of 350 million, and it is even worse still when you add in cultural as political diversity.

[@Iksvomid]

Have You ever felt pain seeing someone happy?

[@03Kabbotta11]

Every human, my good sir.

[@olegdoubko9351]

Thanks 🙏

[@NikolaRupev]

This made me wonder. With the development of mechanized prosthetic limbs in recent years that also include tactile and temperature sensory extensions would it be possible to apply such techniques to improve the overall acceptance of the arm as part of the self image and to improve the amputee's ability to perform daily tasks with the cybernetic appendage. The surprising inanimate object empathy experiment with the table also begs the question of our ability to seamlessly infuse inanimate objects to our self image. Perhaps cybernetic enhancement is much closer than we think and much less psychologically intrusive than sci-fi and cyberpunk books suggest.

[@harshsuman5536]

I guss only if the body map on the brain can mapped manually.

[@sivamshakthi]

I am a mediator and have come now to understand that in conflict resolution it is essential to address the self and the qualia to get to the root of the dissonance. swami Krishnananda in his talks has said about how the self generates an emotion which gives rise to thoughts and that transforms into actions and so these layers have to be peeled to get to the cause. this talk on qualia fully endorses what I have been thinking about and coupled with astavakara gita's norm that the self has to be the observer, I think it makes sense to realise that the self is the reason for the emotion, thought and action and self is the reason why the history of vengence that swami vivekananda spoke about can be laid to rest by dwelling into svabhava or natural self.

[@harshsuman5536]

Hello sir. Do you mean ego when you mention self?

[@rapportlebon4823]

I am enjoying this talk. What a knowledgeable person. I will be listening in parts and look forward to learning.

[@johnb8854]

*The Downside of human reason, is the presence of DOUBLE LOGIC in the human GENOME, adversely affecting ALL human functions, including Analytical Processes !*

[@kristinaplays2924]

What about tinnitus? If I'm understanding tinnitus properly, the noise you hear is the frequencies which you're deaf in, and the lack of stimuli in the brain causes it to create a phantom sound in those frequencies. Of course you can't use a mirror to trick the brain into not hearing it like you can with a phantom limb, but I've noticed that the noise changes if the pressure in the ear changes. So maybe it's not hopeless? If we can put some kind of pressure-sealed lid on the ear and figure out how the pressure affect the noise and then retrain the brain that it's actually quiet?

[@haveaseatplease]

Hi Kristina, I'm a bit late to the game, but you are on to something, in fact Dr. Mandell has developed a self therapy which is rather successful to get rid of tinnitus. You can have a look at this video (please also read the comments under the video): kzbin.info/www/bejne/nHfGlICZipKipcU

[@rpsingh9152]

Voice should be more louder so that we can hear properly while driving.

[@GoldieTamamo]

Hmm. I wonder what sort of implication this mirror neuron finding has on my apparent ability to simulate feeling tendrils, tentacles, tails, snake torsos, insect chitin, and the like... The logistics are rather confusing. Am I feeling things elsewhere? Things that existed formerly? Is there an entire simulated construct-world in my mind that I am able access and play with at leisure? Have I practiced the skill of deliberately deluding my brain into rehashing various prior tactile experiences, and learned to piece them together into a patchwork quilt illusion of alternative bodies in alternate places? Like, I can grope alien breasts in my mind, or feel giant isopod legs from some kind of parasite, enclosing around my arm. I can 'feel' myself resting on moist, grassy earth, outdoors. I can recall being hit in the head by a cabinet door, and feel like it just happened. What are the outward limitations of such phenomena? What if I try to empathize with things that aren't human-shaped, that don't move according to a human body plan? Could I reverse this phenomena and cease "empathizing" with how a human body would feel and move altogether, paralyze my body, and go on with the impression of moving an entirely different, phantom body?

[@genuinepenguine]

The lecture starts just after 7:00.

[@marvinchester]

Poor videography. Camera tracks speaking lecturer, rather than showing the chart being spoken about.

[@chiccorealo]

so AMAZING..i'm sharing~!!! on FB...

[@susanlafayette7313]

Any indulge you do tor recreation it's important that you are spiritual and you should be grounded spirtuality and with all your needs and human rights and a open unconditionally love and well-being and follow your maker with no negative energy

[@user-kh4ts2ec1r]

Where is his "tomorrows lecture around 10 min. He said he would do one tomorrow on the frontal and the idea of god or w/e

[@MasonTorrey]

I wonder if there's such thing as learned depression... if it could be helped with training the brain rather than anti depressants..?

[@caitlynmetseff6133]

+Mason Torrey You should read stuff on learned helplessness and optimism by Dr. Martin Seligman, he pretty much has dedicated his life to proving this concept.

[@Jess-nz7be]

Mason Torrey Yes research cognitive therapy it's where you train your brain to unlearn poor self esteem and relearn how to be a functional person, by repeatedly training your mirror neurones you can unlearn depression as it were but like most languages, in how if you learn them at a younger age you are more fluent, the same goes for training the mind not to be prone to depression and anxiety which is why it's important parents and care systems are made aware of helping children form healthy attatchments

[@Suave007]

Hi I'm desperate to figure out how this works for my own arm, it's completely intact, it's just numb what feels like in my ulnar nerve but I really don't know for 6 years already. I have a24/7 spasm and it's waiting desperately to just be untapped again

[@321alison]

Why are there empty seats? Why wasn’t I told? It’s only a 7 hour drive. 😕

[@idoon1]

interesting..

[@testrabbit]

Very important weapons application

[@lokeshparihar7672]

lecture by dr. Ramachandran starts at 7:08

[@rprasannakumar]

yeah that's true .......

[@Itsjustareading]

wow...............

[@kristinaplays2924]

I've yelled ouch when I see others get hurt when I wasn't expecting it. (Like seeing someone hurting their elbow on accident.) How does mirror neurons react in psychopaths? I'd imagine the pain receptors don't fire?

[@Arch-AnglGabriel]

No. They don't, I personally can relate to that unless I feel it would benefit the person. So maybe sociopaths sort of have control over it. Genetic born psychopaths probably dont have any mirrior neurons or the capacity for it. Same with some forms of autism

[@susanlafayette7313]

The poinsettia sets a point and is red as in read the point do we get all the points

[@JohnClark-gi5gt]

Wow

[@eddieking2976]

V.S. starts speaking @7:05

[@testrabbit]

It surprises me that no one has attempted to transfer awareness of whole people into an anthropomorphic automaton

[@navneetbharti8424]

Dr ramachandran should work on how neuroscience effect a person's life with daily practices of caste, creed, and religious hatred discrimination in india, and suggest some medicine for kill these dailynero disease.

[@umaneelakantan9327]

With deep respet n indeed curiosity.. i sm trying to figure out why this video says : A Ramachandran... His other lectures n talks say his name as : VS Ramachandran or V Ramachandran. _/\_ Kindly excuse my curiosity but do revert to me about this detail..

[@rodneyleon3645]

12:55 phantom limb

[@5xmasterx548]

damn that's crazy

[@chuggyy]

Ramachandran starts at 7:00

[@julienlapointe3053]

I love academic lectures, but HATE the looooong introductions for the speakers

[@prashanthm4641]

1:12:32 I hope it worked for the lady!

[@flowgood123]

the real question is what is the american medical assoc. doing to elemanate the brain connections in the first place??? maybe blocking mineral asorbtion caused from medications? just to play around with the human body.

[@nikhilpoker]

@19:17, I can FEEL the doctor?!?..ah ah.. hahaha :D

[@George4943]

At 58:56, the scientific method explained. *It needs to be verified before **_you_** believe it, but we think it's right.*

[@mwnDK1402]

+George Steele Yeah, because everyone believes that they do everything right. But we can't trust them to have come to the right results and conclusions without actually verifying it.

[@ashleytaylor994]

Same with the shape of the earth. People believe we live on a globe without testing it. Water always remains level proving we live on a flat plane

[@mangtasyo9088]

its very interesting....but what about man with penal amputations...can they still experience orgasm....which part of the body is responsible for such...just asking

[@suspicioustumbleweed1356]

Considering some people can without any physical stimulus, it's probably possible.

[@hunglikehuang]

The feet. They can stroke their phantom penis by stroking their feet.

[@neddyladdy]

Suspicious Tumbleweed* Nuts !

[@bindon8581]

Is the homunculus model discredited? Are the brain nucleons associated with the arm stuck? Obviously all pain is created by the brain, depending on input; a hand is further away than the neck, say, so the synapsal information is enhanced, hence the pain feels stronger. The homunculus model is being promoted for sleep paralysis by Rama and Jalal, so this is important. From personal experience, I'd say it was low thyroxine in some cases i.e. chemical. Rama is saying the associated hallucination of an intruder is at the temporoparietal junction caused by the hard-wired homunculus. This may be correct, I'm not in this field, but it would be an effect, not the cause, if it's a chemical imbalance. A chemical imbalance wouldn't explain the relief of pain Rama's patients feel, of course. Finally, If the brain is creating a model of itself, it must be creating a model of the outside world. Therefore, so called reality must all be a product of the brain. It's obviously not a one-to-one mapping but each normal human brain must be picking up similar qualia: for example, spectators all go up at the same time when their team scores a goal, if they're paying attention.

[@vakibs2]

+bin don The brain can alter the chemical imbalance of hormones by thinking. In other words, low thyroxine could be the effect, not the cause. The neurons in the brain work by electrical as well as chemical transmitters. As the brain rewires itself, both of these change. The pharmaceutical industry derives most of its profits from pain and anxiety medication, so it is at great threat from alternative therapies based in neuroplasticity.

[@mindvolution]

Wonderful comment! This is the future of scientific understanding about human brain, the mammalian brain, and consciousness.

[@GOffUnit]

Rama starts talking @7:05

[@theautodan7095]

Longest introduction ever...

[@ikaeksen]

When i cut my hair, do i have phantom hair then? ;)

[@UofGlasgow]

🤔

[@akshaysoni792]

But hairs doesn't have sensation like other organs.

[@bhimraochikte5899]

yh but in your phantom body.....

[@vlonp]

maybe the fetal position makes us develop the hands in front of the face and then the neck in our brains connectivity

[@bobleclair5665]

does a virus or bacteria have a conscious,it’s been here on earth longer than humans, it can mutate according to environmental conditions

[@MGTOW_Modality]

OMG!

[@MGTOW_Modality]

Was his patient Alex really a preadolescent girl?

[@nathandestaart]

Oh my gosh, so many philosophical problems I have with his statements in the first few minutes of his lectures, I can't.

[@sbklein]

Most psychologists are philosophical idiots. Their idea of philosophical engagement is to situate a quote from a well known philosopher at the start of their article. really quite pathetic. While philosophy seldom has answers, they, unlike psychologists (mostly academic posers), at least recognize the questions that need to be asked. I am an academic psychologist (and not proud of that fact).

[@Iksvomid]

@@sbklein I'm proud of you being an academic psychologist. You surely must have a lot of answers! Like that one!

[@oliverutriainen2837]

I'm worried for him, he seems less lively... :/

[@jamesconner8275]

+Oliver Utriainen He appears to have some physical problems. He appears very stiff and I noticed at the end of the lecture he had problems lifting a glass of water to drink. His hand was shaking. He presents Parkinson's disease symptoms.

[@coreycox2345]

I suspected the same after seeing his hand shaking in a different video, James Donner.

[@tombombadil3185]

A remarkable scientist in a field of charlatans!

[@MrTonyInchpractice]

can't hear. pity.

[@digitalpenink]

Where does religion fall within this topic?

[@minderbender4412]

Austin Gallaher-

[@wiselonewolfkol512]

7:09 for fucks sake

[@tenzinsoepa7648]

like a true Indian, he jugaad.

[@michaeldunham108]

The person moves the hidden hand because the spirit body is detached and the spirit hand is exposed. Why will the world not admit that the human spirit body is detached and is called a neplium and ends up in sheol after you die. It is in your head but happens outside the body.

[@michaeldunham108]

This guy does not know or understand how the mind or thought works.

[@robertbrothers2099]

+Michael Dunham That doesn't fit well with the water on the face thing--no idea if there is accuracy to that claim-but it probably doesn't have to do with the phantom limb sensation.

[@NurseMeeks]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/oZS1aWCJpp2XkM0 to get to why you clicked the link leading here

[@MrRyanmcmahon]

His use of language is a bit misleading. The brain does not construct self/body image/or consciousness. It should be clear by now that the brain is only processing information, it is not the source of information. The human body as a whole is individualized consciousness within the field of infinite consciousness. As the ancients have said, we are self reflectors and possibly co-creators of universal living mind.

[@MrRyanmcmahon]

It is nit passively observing and collecting, it is processing. Color is a good subject to think about. I tend to agree with the color work of Goethe. As for consciousness....schwaller delubicz and even Plato state that consciousness creates and evolves form, not the other way around.

[@MrRyanmcmahon]

***** Physical object do exist but their origins and source are in consciousness. Physics are energetic consciousness wound up in specific frequencies to such a level they become dense(physical). The entire process is still promulgated by the non material. We see this in cymatics and sound. This is why all form dies, and all bodies are dissolved back into their origin or source. This is easily seen in nature, all all forms disintegrate and we see new forms come from new bodies in seed. Just like all sound comes from silence and when sound ceases, it returns to silence.

[@MrRyanmcmahon]

***** Yep plenty of science to substantiate. The laws of electricity, light ,and sound. But even more compelling is the common sense of simply watching forms/bodies decay. Using the flashlight analogy is touch because when studying light via vortex math we see the light cone (hence why our retinas are cone shaped as well as piezoluminescen cells). we see the cone of light even though we know light squares itself inversely. How is this conundrum possible? We must learn a deeper discernment, meaning the light cone exists to our human perception here in the physical realm but is actually inversely squared. So light is omnipresent and is perfectly still. Our perception is what appears to see light as moving. Check out the work of Walter Russell and the cubic wave form or Rudolf Stiener the light course, it is well worth the study.

[@MrRyanmcmahon]

Untrue,

[@Jess-nz7be]

Without the mystic shit the whole proccessing other information ain't far fetched duh it's called learning we process it and retain it that is how memories are formed

[@abdulkarim-gk9eq]

Strange way to give speech.

[@awarenessconsciousness5934]

Where is this dude now a days? Like Michael persinger he was there but never seem to have a grip on consciousness manually. Humans fail and never enter the kingdom... (?)

[@gerardjones7881]

He's confusing correlates with causes. The mind forms the brain.

[@GoldieTamamo]

Sidestepping ontological assertions! Blasphemy!

[@screentake01]

What makes someone transgender? a transgender person is focused on body image so is their brain wired as a transgender brain? is there any research done on this because it would be great if science can correct this before the child is born and then doesn't have to endure the pain and suffering from surgical procedures and mental anguish.

[@larryskwarczynski9386]

dummy hand/face learning = dummy religion; dummy politics; dummy politician / brain imagery/metaphor tendency over-riding critical thought ... hmm ... vs critical comprehension

[@zes7215]

no such thing as havx to sx or not, say/can say any no mw, and no worry no matter what, can no emo turmoil for that or violencx, can do anyx. no such thing as attnx or not or fear sweat about thoes

[@SatyanarayanaNaik]

indian politician cannot evaluate a person rightly.. padma bhushan for a world. renewed psychologist at par with no intelligent achiever in india. dr ramachandra should have been bharath ratna

[@Abc-tx5hy]

"brain ratna?"

[@johnstrange2214]

And they go on,and on and on ,and on about their accolades not hardly a word about the subject,frauds and plagerist knaves.

[@austingallaher5475]

Most of the people watching this talk will not realize that Ramachandran is repeating theories about phantom limbs that he advanced in the mid 1990s, theories which were disproved by neuroscientists in Europe such as Herta Flor in the late 1990s. Most of his ideas about phantom limbs have been completely discredited and he has not been part of the research in this area for more than 15 years. It is rather unsettling to see him talk about his theories as though he is in the vanguard of research on phantom limbs.

[@mrjosh452004]

Do you have any recent resources for this? Herta Flor has recognised Ramachandran's treatment in this writing psych.unl.edu/mdodd/psy498/phantomlimb.pdf.

[@mrjosh452004]

He specifically said at 59:00 that his research has been entirely internal, and it requires further scientific studies to be confirmed. I don't see how that is representing himself as the "vanguard of research" if he acknowledges and encourages the necessity for his science to be replicated and studied from alternate points of view within the scientific community.

[@xDMrGarrison]

You know? You can complain all you want but the fact is that this man is making the world a better place and educating thousands of people. Whether his information is 100% accurate or not doesn't change that fact.

[@EpicArtAcademy]

Austin Gallaher i somehow doubt that since a leading university invited him to speak on these subjects they must be confident of his credentials and his history with the resrarch of them. if what you say is true i would assume even further research since those you mention has been done and support his findings. afterall even science has various phases of acceptance and subject to continued scrutiny.

[@mindvolution]

It is recurrent in history that forward-thinking and innovative scientists have always been disregarded and discredited by their more conservative peers. Unfortunately, and as paradoxical as it may seems, hardcore conservatism has always been present in the scientific community on all levels.