Immune Booster #5: Infections and the gut microbiome with Rafael Polidoro

From the American Association of Immunologists 2024 conference in Chicago, Cindy and Steph meet up with Rafael Polidoro to talk about his career, the research of his laboratory on how the gut microbiome modulates the local and systemic immune responses during infections.
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[@RafaelPolidoroBio]

I really like that guy, very bright and handsome 🤣

[@wolpumba4099]

*Summary* This episode focuses on how gut microbiota influences the immune response, particularly during infections like Malaria. Here's a summary of Rafael Polidoro's insights, including timestamps: *Rafael's Background:* * (0:26) When did you first become interested in science? * Rafael discusses his early inspiration, initial choice of biology as a challenge, and growing passion for infectious diseases. * (3:38) The story of how he switched to basic immunology after a successful period working on vaccines for Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi. * (4:59) Landing in a lab at a pivotal moment in the study of innate lymphocytes like Gamma Delta T cells, a turning point in his research focus. * (7:59) Joining Patrick Brandon's lab to work on NKT cells and learning CRISPR techniques, further diversifying his immunology background. * (8:50) His move to Indiana, joining Nathan Schmidt's lab studying gut microbiota's influence on Malaria, and his initial skepticism towards this field. *Gut Microbiota and Immune "Distraction":* * (11:53) Rafael criticizes the term "hygiene hypothesis," proposing "immune distraction" as a more accurate descriptor for immune system challenges in modern environments. * (13:17) This "distraction" concept highlights how simultaneous responses to different stimuli (e.g., allergens, pathogens) can result in unforeseen immune outcomes. *Microbiota, Tolerance, and Malaria:* * (13:31) Explanation of his research on contrasting responses to Malaria infection in mice from different rooms - linking susceptibility to a strong gut-localized tolerogenic response influenced by microbiota. * (13:55) How Malaria disrupts the gut barrier, permitting bacteria (even in SPF mice) to translocate to the spleen and exacerbate the tolerogenic environment. * (14:43) This process suppresses the critical germinal center response, leading to inadequate antibody production and allowing for parasite immune evasion. *Translational Potential and Future Research:* * (15:04) Applying his findings to potentially improve human health. Testing Larazotide Acetate, a drug initially designed for Celiac disease, as a way to reduce Malaria severity. * (17:16) Discussing how understanding gut disruption can inform vaccination strategies, particularly for oral vaccines that depend on robust gut immune activity. * (18:47) Plans for future research include testing Larazotide Acetate in diverse disease models and potentially applying the "immune distraction" concept to enhance vaccine efficacy. *Additional Takeaways:* * (25:59) Rafael's message for young scientists: persistence in research is vital, struggles are universal, and finding support networks within and outside the lab is crucial, particularly for foreign researchers. i used gemini 1.5 pro to summarize the transcript

[@brunochristiano84]

Congrats 🎉 🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷