Infinite Universe?

Explains the difference between an Open Universe, Closed Universe, and Flat Universe. Also discusses the expansion of space-time.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

To see subtitles in other languages: Click on the gear symbol under the video, then click on "subtitles." Then select the language (You may need to scroll up and down to see all the languages available). --To change subtitle appearance: Scroll to the top of the language selection window and click "options." In the options window you can, for example, choose a different font color and background color, and set the "background opacity" to 100% to help make the subtitles more readable. --To turn the subtitles "on" or "off" altogether: Click the "CC" button under the video. --If you believe that the translation in the subtitles can be improved, please send me an email.

[@plasmaballin]

I like the space travelers' reaction when they find that they live in a closed Universe.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

If you liked this video, you can help more people find it in the KZbin search engine by clicking the Like button and writing a comment. New physics videos are coming soon. Please subscribe if you would like notifications when they are ready. Thanks.

[@Tman0003]

What do you use to animate?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I use a program called "Poser" from Smith Micro.

[@mikee839]

Eugene ..... well presented for physics newbies such as myself ..... i also enjoyed that all of the space travelers were "hot chicks" .... nice touch ...... yeah yeah yeah ..... i'm a butt head lol seriously ........ i enjoy the channel

[@KevinShapouriDJJohnnyQuid]

Ugh feminazi you just asked for a double standard.._. Just enjoy the content..

[@ZoeTheCat]

Eugene Khutoryansky Do you think that it is possible for all three solutions (Open, Closed, Flat) to all independently coexist in a multi-verse? Our "local" Universe is looking pretty flat, but I think if it fits Friedman-Walker et al...it probably exists. I realize we cannot ever know the answer to that question, but my personal belief is that it's true.

[@Mysoi123]

You deserve the title of Richard Feynman for an online educational channel. The perfect combination of animation, physics, philosophy, and excellent illustration has made you one of my favorite channels on KZbin, EugeneKhutoryansky.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliments!!!

[@luisabramson4957]

Awesome explanation!!! That lady's voice is sooo soft and mellow, that you can almost chew and taste her words. Very elocuent and easy to understand. Congrats!!!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@mikefallopian3191]

Those space chicks were bored shitless with each other after 300 years but they know they have to keep cruising around the universe together... f o r e v e r . . . .

[@jorjiang1]

don't worry, forever is a time loooooog enough to allow the particles in side the spaceship come together and form a dildo just by their stochastic movement

[@rustybolts8953]

Those women don't look flat to me!

[@KsenIzNN]

I love how you explain difficult substances in simple terms. It is truly a talent! Great job, keep going!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment. Yes, I plan to keep going and make lots more videos.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You can help translate this video by adding subtitles in other languages. To add a translation, click on the following link: kzbin.info_video?ref=share&v=IFdfrtzo4SY You will then be able to add translations for all the subtitles. You will also be able to provide a translation for the title of the video. Please remember to hit the submit button for both the title and for the subtitles, as they are submitted separately. Details about adding translations is available at support.google.com/youtube/answer/6054623?hl=en Thanks.

[@abhishekchourasia3945]

Eugene your videos are eye opening and leave the mind thinking about the subject for days...Thanks for educating so many people with such wonderful illustrations and easy to understand language and analogies.

[@TheACG22]

This is such a cool channel!

[@er.sumeshghatane7158]

I guess the man making these video is Albert Einstien himself. I mean look at the imagination put in these videos. I am the big fan of this channel.

[@mraccident]

Where can I join this space mission crew?

[@ashutoshpandey7965]

kutta

[@5Dmaxx]

You missed the take off.

[@matejhromin2925]

Hey, whats the name of thr cartoon character on your profile?

[@joeyjojojnr58]

please keep making more videos!! I am really enjoying them :D i like how sometimes you pause which lets me think about what you have said and visualise it.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

joey jojo jnr Yes, lots more videos are coming. I am glad you enjoy them. And I am glad to hear that you like the pauses, as this is something that some people sometimes complain about.

[@mannouriscy]

Great Great Great!!! Thanks Eugene! Another perfect video from you! I look forward to your other science videos! Also your animations have improved A LOT!!! Thanks again!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment. New physics videos are coming soon.

[@tabamal]

Thanks for your effort.. I like the music, the animation and also the accompanying text

[@sohamzemse]

Wow. I appreciate your work. this was much awesome as your past videos too.

[@MrHappy3feet]

I love your videos so much, great combination of physics and animation. Thank you!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment. I am glad you like them.

[@alishan_Usmani]

Hi I've seen your comments today 7years after you've commented . I'm from future. Writing this to you not of present you but you 7 yrs ago. 😂😂

[@bartkwezelstaart9306]

Great video once more. You're always able to take out the essence but still be quitte educational (at least, for me as a high school student ^^ ). Awesome visualisation!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@PiznesPiznes]

Thank you Eugene! It is a pleasure to watch your videos!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you like them.

[@Zeneeka0405]

I absolutely love your videos! I'm so much looking forward to more!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. More physics videos are coming soon.

[@NICEFINENEWROBOT]

To fear (not: to shun) God is the beginning of wisdom.

[@rthorarensen]

Best video I have seen explaining the shape and size of the Universe.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Ragnar Thorarensen Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@sharanaujla5356]

The best of the best explanation and visualization!

[@concretecubes]

great illustrations! really lets me get a better concept and understanding of a possibly infinite universe.

[@CuteSceneChic]

Love this channel. Seriously, the visuals are good. The voice over is easy to listen to, and I also like having the subtitles on the screen. However, that music is extremely distracting. Maybe lowering it or putting on a different track such as a gamma wave binaural beat, something that helps the viewer stay focused. Other than that, i love this channel, keep up the fantastic work. :)

[@garamiglm2026]

Thanks Mr Eugene. Wonderful set of videos. Awesome.

[@luajimbar]

This videos are just amazing. Eugene, earth needs more people like you! I love your channel. I however, would love to be able to show it to my parents and other people that do not speak English. Is there anyway I can add subtitles here in youtube so that other people that speak only Spanish would understand? Regards

[@Trollimo]

I was having a group project, and my computer automatically started playing this part loud volume lol 2:18. I didn't notice it until everyone was just staring at me, since I was wearing noise cancel headphones lmao. But I love your videos though, this is one of my favorite videos, and I've probably watched this atleast 4 times already?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

I am glad you like my videos. Thanks. Sorry about sudden increase in the volume of the music.

[@alfonshomac]

very good videos. thank you for your effort.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad that you like my videos.

[@alfonshomac]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky no, no, Thank You, *High Five

[@kennyliljegren2667]

Very good infornation miss.Greetings from sweden

[@mrbreakybee]

Don't be shy Eugene, and go further. Please try to make a video explaining how the decoherence on quantum level occurs. Something about quantum vacuum fluctuations would be great as well. I'm sure you understand it pretty well. Definitely one of the best explainers here on youtube. Everything is so clear. Just a pure scientific essence of our reality.

[@mageshg1938]

Thanks for your effort. Even though I am not able to contribute financially, I feel gratitude and immense sense of appreciation and love and respect to you :)

[@VinciSciTech]

Your efforts sees in your video. i loved it. thanks for this beautiful presentation !!

[@babakvelamkon]

I need to take a month off work and sit at home watch your vids . You r just simply amazing. any time i watch any of your vids i feel chill . Thanks

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+babak plus, Thanks. I am glad that you like my videos.

[@KutadguB]

Brilliant, easy to understand and not boring also (that is hard to find these 3 come together in one). Eugene you can build a website and start a community. Im sure there are lot of people who want to help and make it bigger. I am one of them too :)

[@decadence6418]

Hey,awesome animation video helped me alot!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it.

[@HakonSkjold]

Mindblowing work as always! I can tell your animation skills are improving for each upload as well. Keep them coming, Eugene :)

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment. Though, I thought that my most complicated animations were in the video on Thermodynamics, with all the moving particles that had to interact with one another. Making the animations for the video up above was much simpler by comparison. But, I am glad you liked it, and yes more videos are coming. Thanks.

[@HakonSkjold]

Eugene Khutoryansky This might not be as complicated, but I really like the details of the starship and the people :) You state that "If the density of the universe is high enough, space-time can completely curve into itself to form a closed universe." As the "sphere" is expanding, the energy density decreases, right? Would that imply that a closed universe eventually will become an open one? (provided it does expand obviously) In that case, since a finite number of stars and galaxies existed within the closed universe, the number of stars/galaxies in an open one must be finite as well. And since the stars/galaxies in our own flat expanding universe is finite, the energy density must also decrease and turn it into an open one. Is that inevitable or am I completely wrong?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Håkon Skjold Whether the Universe is open, closed, or flat depends on the ratio of the density of the universe to a parameter called the “critical density”. Although the density of the Universe is decreasing with the expansion of the Universe, the “critical density” is also decreasing with time. As a result, a closed Universe can never turn into an open Universe, even though its density decreases with time.

[@martinisreb9502]

@@EugeneKhutoryansky You appear to be the only content creator that makes educational videos and supplement your material by answering insightful questions in the comment section. God bless you, Eugene. Never stop doing you. 💯

[@teslathejolteon8007]

I love these videos, it goes from scary existential music to party music from 2002!

[@maikv750]

I'm already looking forward to flat-universers

[@alezzanik8166]

Hello,awesome video!! nice job :) I need to ask something though,how is it possible to violate the euclidian geometry with a sphere when the euclidian geometry apply only on flat surfaces?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

alez zanik A two dimensional being living on the surface of the sphere wouldn't necessarily start out knowing that the surface is not flat. Therefore, if he started applying Euclidean geometry, he may eventually run into problems.

[@TheGermanFabian]

Thanks for the new awesome video.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You're welcome. I am glad you liked it. Thanks.

[@scottgastauerjr4445]

I love the reaction at 2:08 🤣 detail deserves a sub 🤙🏼

[@aghaanantyab]

i think our universe is "close universe" like a balloon, there are other universes out there. we can travel to another universe through 4th dimension of space. imagine an ant live on a balloon, he thinks that he can only move forward, backward, right, left. but he can jump to the other balloon through 3rd dimension (up and down)

[@juangreen8194]

aghaanantyab the latest measurements by cosmologists indicate that we live in a flat universe with a 96.4% certainty if I remember correctly. But as stated in the video we could be looking at a very small portion that looks flat to us.

[@DrCrazySymbols]

aghaanantyab The 4th dimension is time. If moving through time means that you can move between universes, then we are constantly travelling through universes.

[@BCGARAGE853]

Hey what's the music towards the end of this video? Have subscribed too. Love this type of format

[@GaryKildall]

Simply wonderful! !!

[@ELBMohdKaifuddinKhan]

Loved your channel

[@e-vox1737]

Hi Eugene, your videos are definitevely clear and helpful in understanding Reality! What about choosing a more elegant music? In my opinion the beauty and harmony of the content should be supported by good vibrations, more than such noise..Anyway, you're doing a very good job!

[@jamesbentonticer4706]

Living in a finite universe poses paradoxes like, what happened before it or what's beyond the edge? But a universe spacially and temporally infinite takes care of these problems. We probably live in an infinite universe.

[@nicholasgonzalez]

Good work!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@martijnbouman8874]

Interesting subject and, as always, very enjoyable to watch. Is there a reason you assume that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic? Without that assumption there should be much more possibilities.

[@MrMetlen]

great video, thanks!

[@cdfgh1111]

The narration reminds me of the old USA Network show NIGHTFIGHT that came on late Saturday night and early Sunday mornings...wayback in the 80's

[@marlenecrowe3609]

Interesting and informative video. Keep it coming

[@viniciusfernandes2303]

Thanks for the video!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@johnstevens8720]

More videos please! I share all of yours on my fb

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

More videos are on the way. And thanks for sharing my videos.

[@DanielKrogh]

So the theory of a closed universe, the only way that could be possible is if you were to travel in a slight angle, like going around the world. it feels like you are going straight, when in the reality you are actually going in a slight curve, meaning that you would eventually return to the same area you started. but then again if the universe is like a planet (a sphere) what would be outside of that sphere?

[@rodrigoappendino]

Maybe doesn't exist an "outside"

[@bloggervista]

Thanks to eugene you are really doing great work for science and for mankind..keep up with your great work..liked + subscibed waiting for more videos...thanks a million

[@olgashuttleworth7454]

I like the music from 3mins 20secs. Is it from a game? Thanks for the vid :)

[@KevinShapouriDJJohnnyQuid]

Brilliance spawns brilliance just as the universe expands (they say now it's retracting, but I digress) so does my mind thanks to intelligent individuals such as yourself. I am in debt to you for the knowledge gained. Namaste.

[@DriesduPreez]

Mind-blowing stuff.

[@sameerkhnl1]

Thanks. Great video! I've been wondering for some time that the speed of light is not the cosmic speed limit after all?

[@ominous-omnipresent-they]

Light is electromagnetic radiation, thus, lightspeed represents the finite speed at which information can travel. It is the cosmic speed limit as far as we can tell.

[@arthur2305]

Loved it !!

[@matthewjohnson3037]

Great video!

[@salsavv9890]

Excellent video.

[@dougdouglas3945]

Love your videos and the way you explain things so I can wrap my head around some wild and crazy stuff. Mucho appreciado. But I have to say the choice of music sometimes is...kinda grates my last good nerve. For real, tune it back and tone it down maybe a notch or two. Not trying to be a d**k but had to say it. Anyway, again, for real thanks for all the work and all the videos, for real!

[@MrCmagik]

Could you make a second video about paralelle universes for each model of universe ?

[@Komati]

Awesome video! Dat music though.

[@MajedZR1]

I love your videos!

[@shockme156]

Great video,thank's

[@TemmyTube]

Wonderful video. I never quite understood the case were the Universe is shaped like a saddle. Where does the endings of a saddle go? If they just continue as an asymptote wouldn't it make the saddle point a unike point? Or is this just taking the anology too far?

[@shaminoranger8588]

Something I've always wondered is why do we assume that the universe is expanding when we observe red-shifted galaxies in general? If two galaxies are in separate regions of contracting space then observers in each would observe the other as red-shifted. Relatively, they could conclude that the space between their own galaxy and the distant galaxy is expanding and that this appears true for the universe in general. But rather than one big expansion caused by a yet unclear force, why could it not instead be many points of contraction associated with a less mysterious force: gravity? Wouldn't both options produce the same observation of red-shift bias?

[@KhantNPi]

Shamino Ranger because, let's say you have a box. there is something in it. you can't open it. but it smells like an apple. You see no sign that it cannot be an apple. so, instead of assuming that it is some kind of mysterious object, you assume it is an apple for now, even thought you are not perfectly sure. you are still skeptical about it and keep searching for better evidence.

[@KhantNPi]

Shamino Ranger because, let's say you have a box. there is something in it. you can't open it. but it smells like an apple. You see no sign that it cannot be an apple. so, instead of assuming that it is some kind of mysterious object, you assume it is an apple for now, even thought you are not perfectly sure. you are still skeptical about it and keep searching for better evidence.

[@gorkemvids4839]

Maybe universe-sphere is expanding because density drops while galaxies draw away and galaxies draw away because universe is expanding which explains exponential expantion

[@edwinjones1000]

A closed universe would make this observable universe a mere quark in the overall size of existence.

[@Mrosen7542]

Thanks a lot. I have a question. If we assume we live in either a closed or open universe and it is expanding, then the the local universe we measure will appear to get flatter and flatter, right? That means we may never be able to tell if the universe is open or closed. The only thing I can think of is where our instruments outpace the flattening of the local universe or we can look out far enough but is that possible if it is expanding?

[@jettmthebluedragon]

I wonder as well maybe the universe is finite but the cosmos are not 😐I can’t say for certain but if the Big Bang happened it would be like we are at it’s center if the universe was not caused by the Big Bang then we are not at the center but rather a random place ware this planet formed also the Big Bang model only explains the observable universe but what about the entire cosmos 🤔like what lies beyond the CMB 🤔? If light can only travel at a finate speed?🤔

[@jkinkamo]

Does expanding space (more space to consume) mean expanding time (more time to consume)? Or do we see the expanding universe due to the slower time we see on far away galaxies?

[@noem1977]

Perfect. Voted and subscribed.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@YellowKazooie]

thank you for these videos :D

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

You are welcome. I enjoy making them. Thanks.

[@LendriMujina]

Could you please put together a playlist for the music your videos use, or just list them somewhere? I like the songs, but don't know where to find them on their own.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

The music for this video was made by Nekoprism. You can find his website by typing "Nekoprism" into Google. Thanks.

[@suricata22]

Great video and perfect explanation

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Guido Damonte, thanks for the compliment. I am glad you liked my video.

[@amodelamateria]

ok i need the soundtrack. very nice channel you got here.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment. The music was made by Nekoprism, and you can download this music for free from his website. The names of these songs are "Angel's Mercy" and "Death Trance." This second song is a remix of music from the 1990 video game "Phantasy Star II."

[@amodelamateria]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky thankyou very much!!! B:

[@vitakyo982]

One of the girls seems so bored of space travel

[@pronounjow]

When you see nothing but empty space for practically an eternity...

[@ArtWorld006]

@@pronounjow But how can anyone bored🤔😑😑😑

[@drunkinmaster1]

Awesome video! Where did you source your music from, particularly around the 4:00 mark?

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

drunkinmaster1 The music at about 4 minutes into the video is a remix of background music from the video game Phantasy Star II. The remix was made by NekoPrism. The other song in this video (the one at the beginning at the end) is another remix made by NekoPrism from a different video game.

[@drunkinmaster1]

I thought that sounded familiar. Seemed to fit the theme nicely. Your quantum mechanics video rocks as well. I've seen the Dr. Quantum videos already, but enjoyed how yours went deeper into detail about the particle rotation. Too bad we never had these illustrations in school.

[@dd-vz7wy]

Thank you 👍🏻

[@CulusMagnus]

If we live in a closed universe, could the universe flip open all of a sudden due to the expansion of space and thereby the density decreasing? Maybe connecting to some neighbouring part of the universe which is otherwise closed off from us

[@brightstreet9045]

Luved this thanks - thinking it out

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks.

[@trappist8895]

Keep them coming, Eugene!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

More videos are on the way. Thanks.

[@mrboni5]

Just take a look at the atoms, they are circular, cells are circular, and the earth is circular taking that into account and that can lead to the belief in a circular universe or the thory of the orange shaped universe with continous expansion and contraction

[@samuelmarak6062]

What the progeny of man,animal & plant look like ? It's obvious.So also we can understand the shape of the universe assuming the atoms,planets &stars to be it's progeny!

[@MatthewGraham027]

Question: Since we do not know now if the universe is flat, how will we ever know? Since the only way (it seems from the video) to know if the universe if flat or not, is to observe it from a larger perspective; aren't we limited? Even if we could move at the speed of light, we would still need an incredibly massive distance to observe the universe; maybe so large that it isn't feasible. And with space expanding, won't even our ability to see be diminished over time?

[@jjbipod4355]

Okay. I dont typically comment. However, in my efforts at finding lucidly explained videos over physical concepts finding fruition here, I can recommend these videos by this uploader to perhaps be as good as they may come anywhere else. I gained a lot in that you repeat concepts often, that help with reinforcement.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

+Jj Bipod, thanks for the compliment about my videos. I am glad that you like them.

[@antonioaadantas1053]

Eugene and team: Your videos are really epiphanies! Thank you for share.

[@chuckles6886]

I know how this comment is apparent but this video simplifies the theory down yet keeps the information well done

[@mekingtiger9095]

No mention about the "Critical Mass" thing and how it might affect the expansion of the universe in the future according to its shape, though?

[@m77dfk]

Nice eclectic background music.

[@Matthew00049]

would like an explanation as to why a high density universe causes it to be closed and spherical and a low density universe causes an open, saddle shaped universe

[@private4714]

I love this music video

[@tfwoods3]

Who are these space chicks?

[@ronaldderooij1774]

Pixels.

[@communitycollegegenius9684]

Horrible feminist misandrists. I don't see myself being represented. I'm triggered and I'm suing.

[@ishworshrestha3559]

Uii

[@Turtle1967A]

Top 10 You Tube channel of all time right here :)

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks for the compliment.

[@rameshrangiah7503]

Hi Eugene, it is awonderful video but can you please reduce the background music volume or take it out.

[@apexbro1353]

excellent videos man!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Thanks. I am glad you like my videos.

[@KennethRothey]

All kingdoms have a law given; 37 And there are many kingdoms; for there is no space in the which there is no kingdom; and there is no kingdom in which there is no space, either a greater or a lesser kingdom.

[@jessrevill1852]

I like the music.

[@eternal_psy]

Very interesting!

[@ashokkumarmishra9687]

Very nice and simple explanation.....thank you very much...... just have a question how the scientists predict universe at its boundary whether it's sphere or saddle or flat shape.... and as you have explained the universe's expansion is centered at galaxies, so does it mean galaxies doesn't exert gravity on each other....

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Galaxies do exert a gravity on one another, as all objects with mass exert gravity on one another. Also, the Universe has no boundary. In a closed Universe, it would have no boundary in the same way that the surface of a sphere has no boundary. In an open or flat Universe it would have no boundary because it would go on forever.

[@ashokkumarmishra9687]

Eugene Khutoryansky you are right... I mean to ask if universe is a sphere say of radius x then what scientist see when they will see at the point x+1.... Like earth, which is like a sphere is surround by atmosphere and then space.... Like that if universe has a shape what scientists see beyond that shape....