Insulin Signalling Pathway | AKT/PI3k Signalling Pathway

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Insulin Signalling Pathway | AKT/PI3k Signalling Pathway

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Diabetes Milletus : • Diabetes Mellitus
Type I Diabetes : • Type I Diabetes Mellit...
The Insulin binds to a membrane-spanning receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). This glycoprotein is embedded in the cellular membrane and has an extracellular receptor domain, made up of two α-subunits, and an intracellular catalytic domain made up of two β-subunits. The α-subunits act as insulin receptors and the insulin molecule acts as a ligand. Together, they form a receptor-ligand complex.
Binding of insulin to the α-subunit results in a conformational change of the protein, which activates tyrosine kinase domains on each β-subunit. The tyrosine kinase activity causes an autophosphorylation of several tyrosine residues in the β-subunit. The phosphorylation of 3 residues of tyrosine is necessary for the amplification of the kinase activity.[6]
This autophosphorylation triggers the activation of the docking proteins, in this case IRS (1-4) on which Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI-3K) can be attached or GRB2 where the ras Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) (also known as SOS) can be attached.
PI-3K causes the phosphorylation of PIP2 to PIP3. This protein acts as a docking site for PDPK1 and Protein kinase B (also known as AKT), which is then phosphorylated by the latter and PK2 to be activated. This leads to crucial metabolic functions such as synthesis of lipids, proteins and glycogen. It also leads to cell survival and cell proliferation. Most importantly, the PI-3K pathway is responsible for the distribution of glucose for important cell functions. For example, the suppression of hepatic glucose synthesis and the activation of glycogen synthesis. Hence, AKT possesses a crucial role in the linkage of the glucose transporter (GLUT4) to the insulin signaling pathway. The activated GLUT4 will translocate to the cell membrane and promotes the transportation of glucose into the intracellular mediumThe insulin transduction pathway is a biochemical pathway by which insulin increases the uptake of glucose into fat and muscle cells and reduces the synthesis of glucose in the liver and hence is involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. This pathway is also influenced by fed versus fasting states, stress levels, and a variety of other hormones.
When carbohydrates are consumed, digested, and absorbed the pancreas senses the subsequent rise in blood glucose concentration and releases insulin to promote uptake of glucose from the bloodstream. When insulin binds to the insulin receptor, it leads to a cascade of cellular processes that promote the usage or, in some cases, the storage of glucose in the cell. The effects of insulin vary depending on the tissue involved, e.g., insulin is most important in the uptake of glucose by muscle and adipose tissue
This insulin signal transduction pathway is composed of trigger mechanisms (e.g., autophosphorylation mechanisms) that serve as signals throughout the cell.

Пікірлер: 45

@rajatbhat7799 2 жыл бұрын

Just commenting to appreciate the efforts and hardworking sir is doing to create these videos, and that too on regular basis, and also in a very good quality, simple manner, adequate length. Thank-you sir ❤️

@hussainbiology 2 жыл бұрын

thanks Rajat for appreciation..

@farahnimeri9163 2 жыл бұрын

I just wanted to make sure I let you know how helpful your videos are. You explain concepts in a way that finally makes it click for me after hours of studying. Thank you so much! Please keep it up! :)

@hussainbiology 2 жыл бұрын

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps...

@eternitystudent Жыл бұрын

Thank you, I was trying to understand the link between PI3K inhibitor alpelisib and hyperglycaemia. Now it’s clear

@okwiraron5241 8 ай бұрын

Wao, what a great Lecture, so impressive and educative. I like the depth of knowledge at molecular leve. Its what makes Science sweet!!

@hussainbiology Ай бұрын

Glad you liked it!

@michaeleisenberg7867 2 жыл бұрын

Hello Shabir! I love your color palette 🎨. 👏👏👏👏👏 Thank you!

@hussainbiology 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for appreciation..Dr Mike

@user-il7yq8zb2u 5 ай бұрын

Amazing

@hussainbiology 5 ай бұрын

thanks Doc for appreciation....

@Pratiksha-711 5 ай бұрын

Please try to upload the aldosterone signalling pathway within 2 days Because my exams are started 😔

@mohamedismail777 Жыл бұрын

Very good brief explanation - I really enjoyed it - Thank you

@hussainbiology Жыл бұрын

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps ✌️

@jjpeacelover101 9 күн бұрын

thank you, sooo helpful!!!!

@jamesgordon8867 7 ай бұрын

I would love to see what metformin & glipizide do to make insulin accepted to the cell

@vimalasuji3209 2 ай бұрын

simply awesome explanation.tq sir

@elahishamas 2 жыл бұрын

Sir love from Baramulla.... 😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍

@hussainbiology 2 жыл бұрын

oh.. Great.. Lots of love

@kshatriyakajal6401 2 жыл бұрын

Hello sir please make the video on the topic of Induction, polarity . 🙏🙏

@huntherrobyn 2 жыл бұрын

Hope you can make video on how T2DM affect insulin signalling pathway

@hussainbiology 2 жыл бұрын

Very Soon

@63065 Жыл бұрын

Really great effort. I m also a teacher at college, sir i want to know how to make these animated videos..

@hussainbiology Жыл бұрын

thanks sir.. Really appreciate ur response

@TheThankfulServant Жыл бұрын

@@hussainbiologyYou didn’t answer the question.

@hussainbiology Жыл бұрын

@@TheThankfulServant I think i had a conversation with thay guy the then.....

@alimamstudying9462 Жыл бұрын

Thank you

@hussainbiology Жыл бұрын

my pleasure

@the_little_moon 7 ай бұрын

Amazing thanks a bunch❤

@troyingram716 Жыл бұрын

I am trying to reverse the type IN diabetic condition. I am hypocalcimic. If I maintain adequate calcium with nutritional supplements my insulin demand will not exhaust my pancreas. If you know about this phenomenon do tell.