Interhalogen Compounds | Explained by IITian | Jee Mains, Advance, NEET, BITSAT & AIIMS

Hello Guys, Interhalogen compounds are one the most important topic for Jee Mains, advance, NEET, BITSAT, and AIIMS. Generally, Passage-based questions are asked in the examination. Let's Start the topic:-
The halogens react with each other to form interhalogen compounds. The general formula of most interhalogen compounds is XYn, where n = 1, 3, 5 or 7, and X is the less electronegative of the two halogens. The compounds which are formed by the union of two different halogens are called inter halogen compounds. There are never more than two types of halogen atoms in an interhalogen molecule. There are of four general types:
AX- type : ClF, BrF, BrCl, ICl, IBr,
AX3-type: ClF3, BrF3, (ICl3)2,
AX5-type: ClF5, BrF5, IF5,
AX7-type: IF7.
Interhalogen are all prone to hydrolysis and ionize to give rise to polyatomic ions. The inter halogens are generally more reactive than halogens except F. This is because A-X bonds in interhalogens are weaker than the X-X bonds in dihalogen molecules. Reaction of inter halogens are similar to halogens. Hydrolysis of interhalogen compounds give halogen acid and oxy-acid.
NOMENCLATURE
To name an Interhalogen compound, the less electronegative element is placed on to the left in formulae and naming is done straight forward.
Properties
Some properties of interhalogen compounds are listed below. They are all prepared by direct combination of the elements although since in some cases more than one product is possible the conditions may vary by altering the temperature and relative proportions. For example under the same conditions difluorine reacts with dichlorine to give ClF with dibromine to give BrF3 but with diiodine to give IF5.
Structures
The structures found for the various interhalogens conform to what would be expected based on the VSEPR model. For XY3 the shape can be described as T-shaped with 2 lone pairs sitting in equatorial positions of a trigonal bipyramid. For XY5 the shape is a square pyramid with the unpaired electrons sitting in an axial position of an octahedral and XY7 is a pentagonal bipyramid.
ClF3 IS HYPERGOLIC
Hypergolic means explode on contact with no need for any activator. One observer made the following comment about ClF3 :
It is, of course, extremely toxic, but that's the least of the problem. It is hypergolic* with every known fuel, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured. It is also hypergolic with such things as cloth, wood, and test engineers, not to mention asbestos, sand, and water with which it reacts explosively. It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals-steel, copper, aluminium, etc.-because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. If, however, this coat is melted or scrubbed off, and has no chance to reform, the operator is confronted with the problem of coping with a metal-fluorine fire. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes."
It is believed that prior to and during World War II, ClF3 code named N-stoff ("substance N") was being stockpiled in Germany for use as a potential incendiary weapon and poison gas. The plant was captured by the Russians in 1944, but there is no evidence that the gas was actually ever used during the war.
Summary
All Interhalogens are volatile at room temperature. All are polar due to difference in their electronegativity. These are usually covalent liquids or gases due to small electronegativity difference among them. Some compounds partially ionize in solution.
Interhalogen compounds are more reactive than normal halogens except fluorine.
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[@ravikishor2640]

Flourine is too small to be a central atom, Iodine is too big to be as a substituent. Therefore, Central atoms:- Cl,Br,I Substituents:-F,Cl,Br only. Helpful?

[@The_Success_Catalyst01]

In ncert ....its give I-Cl is red solid( alpha form) or brown red solid(Beta form) but 28:31 lemon yellow solid.

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Sir very nice teaching no doubt.... But sir the COLOURS of the compounds as mentioned in the NCERT are different from those you told ICl is ruby red or brown red not what you told Please sir do notice and reply By the way, AWESOME LECTURE 👍👍👍👏👏

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Sir, there is a doubt. In thermal stability lecture you said that higher the polarization, lower is the thermal stability... And in inter halogen you told T. S. order as IF) ICl) IBr. How this can be explained.. Plz reply.

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Video topic starts at 4:00

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For IF5 , why the structure Is square pyramidal? If we apply Bent's rule, lone pair should be equatorial. If we apply modified Bent's Rule the lone pair should still be in equatorial position as 90 degree angles are available at both places. Please help Sir!!

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Sir you said lower members are generally colourless and higher are coloured. But if you check NCERT , XX5 and XX7 are given as colourless gases/liquids. Pls explain why ?

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Colour of ICl is ruby red not lemon yellow ...... Please make correction about it....

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And you said IF is very unstable and hence it shows disproportion reaction. But while explaining thermal stability, you said IF is the most thermally stable. Can you pls reply how ? If a compound is highly unstable how can it be thermally stable at the same time ??

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IF is very unstable according to ncert and ICl is red solid. I don’t know if i will ever see your videos from now on

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Why Interhalogen compounds are more reactive than halogens? Infact u told that ICl has dipole moment and hence exists as solid in comparison with br2.

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halogens family including oxidesof chlorine and its reaction,hypohalous acids and reaction with tricks

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Sir in the place of AX we can take any other compounds like IF

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Sir bonding between ClF3 is stronger than BrF3 or ICl3 then why not it exist in solid form ? Or why it exist in gaseous form?

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Sir... your vedio has cleared my all doubts regarding the topic INTER HALOGEN COMPOUNDS.. but can you please explain about PSEUDO HALOGENS

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Sir what about reactivity order among inter halogen compounds....?

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Sir you have given example BrCl in +1 O.S what about that structure? Plsss!

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highly electro negative elements are written on right hand side . But what about NH3 ( halides of Nitrogen group) PS. fascinating !

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Sir ClF,BrCl3,IBr3,ICl5 exist krate hai ya ni Plzz do reply

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how do we compare reactivity of different interhalogen compounds??

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Clf3, If7, clf3, brf3 reactivitu order

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Sir please chek hybridisation does not takes place in diatomic molecule .it is also mentioned in ncert.dont misguide the students