Internal Energy

We know about kinetic energy and potential energy, which can interchange when an object moves through a gravitational field, so let's add to that list the internal energy of the object. This gives us a new and comprehensive way to describe conservation of energy. Check it out!
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[@doggis1994]

My textbook had a whole half a page of an unsatisfactory explanation of internal energy. Thank you for your content, it really helped! Can't wait to watch the next one. Thanks again! :)

[@RaghuRam-zd1tn]

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[@raisavante1257]

Why are you this much good to students? Answering almost every comment and stuff!!!! My college teachers usually mock me whenever I'm trying to ask them anything. But thanks to you :) I am able to respect my teachers again.

[@maelaniem.manaytay831]

As a science teacher, I've always read and scan my books before I go to my classroom. But now, Its different already. I only watch your videos😍 Ty prof💛

[@brittniep9219]

Your videos are always so good!

[@lenkaharish6004]

Yes

[@irelae]

Thank you for the video! I was already subscribed, but this video helped me out with understanding an aspect of geography (in particular, meteorology, in which an understanding of how heat and temperature works is critical)!

[@geniusgamer9877]

Could you explain how the individual kinetic and potential energies change with temperature/state?

[@taiborlang859]

I appreciate your ways of teaching, go forward.

[@sportsnewsghanablackstarsq9311]

Lovely presentation

[@dimuthuwijesundara3306]

Thank you. Sir for your clear explanation

[@marxregis]

Thank you sir for the excellent explanation

[@camera1286]

One of the most satisfying explanation

[@sayantanbiswas3954]

I love ur explanation in many science Topics.Its really simple to understood.

[@mohsenhatami3499]

really nice explanation

[@ajinkyadeshpande6271]

thanks for making videos on thermodynamics Im also learning it in class.After it please make videos on periodic table and anamolous behavior of elements.Thanks Sir.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

check out my general chemistry series! plenty of stuff on the periodic table and what not.

[@SalsaKingoftheApes]

How would you describe thermal energy? Is it the kinetic energy portion of the internal energy of a system or body? So we can say that objects contain thermal energy but not heat. Or should we just always use internal energy?

[@movielife1425]

wow i love your videos. i have a question, what does it mean when we say heat energy of a substance is directly proportional to its absolute temperature ?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Well we would not say "heat energy of a substance", that doesn't really mean anything. But temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system, and heat is the transfer of that kinetic energy.

[@alexcrack5442]

Thanks bro, now it seems to me easier

[@sidraasghar5226]

very comprehensive and impressive explanation thankyou so much sir for uploading your incredible videos

[@kptib1988]

Thanks!

[@noname-ig9zd]

very useful and important information in less time thank you so much

[@PunmasterSTP]

Internal energy? More like 'Incredible videos that everyone should see!" 👍

[@jeshwanthcharan951]

Thanks to explained very very well

[@EngGear]

Thanks a lot

[@neelamgupta5174]

very nice sir

[@Srikanth-qr5ej]

Tq u for this video bro

[@astroquantum1993]

Please explain Change in internal energy in PV curve ⚡ ⚡⚡

[@dorodoro8522]

I really appreciate that you have made a lot of useful videos. I have a question. I have study thermodynamic with the book, introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. In this book, the internal energy of a substance does not include energy that it may posses as a result of its macroscopic position or movement. And my professor said, the position and movement mean potential energy and kinetic energy. But internal energy = sum of kinetic energy + sum of potential energy, so I guess macroscopic kinetic energy and potential energy are different from the potential and kinetic energy you mentioned on the video. Please let me know if you see this comments. Thank you.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

yes it's a bit abstract! so the difference is that for internal energy we are looking at the atoms and molecules within an object. they have kinetic energy by virtue of vibrations and rotations, and potential energy by virtue of electrostatic interactions. and this is totally different from the translational motion of a macroscopic object.

[@dorodoro8522]

Professor Dave Explains thank you sir!

[@mister-accomplished]

I also got it💛

[@pratyushraj3916]

Is molecular kinetic energy is same as thermal energy and if not than what is the difference?

[@michaelgalario6655]

@prof Dave, Just want to ask questions for clarification. According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory "particles of matter constantly move". Kinetic Energy by definition is often defined as the energy of an object due to its motion. At a macroscopic level, we identify and differentiate Kinetic energy and Potential energy based on the observable motion of an object. Simply, if it's moving there is KE (energy in motion). Otherwise, PE.(energy at rest). However, at the microscopic level, as per the KMT, particles that make up matter move constantly, and this is where my understanding of KE and PE becomes a bit fuzzy: 1. Considering KMT - particles of matter are always in motion, does Potential Energy form really exists? Hope you could give clarification on this.

[@carultch]

PE and KE are not mutually exclusive. An object will have PE by virtue of its position within a force field, and it can concurrently have KE as well. For instance, if I'm rolling a ball on top of a table, it will have more total energy than if I roll an identical ball on the floor at the same speed. And you can feel this, if you are laying on the floor beneath the table where the ball rolls down onto your head. You will feel a greater impact from the ball that rolls off the table, than the ball that rolled along the floor. While it falls as a projectile, there is no work done on it by a human force to speed it up. All of its new kinetic energy at impact, must come from the trade between KE and PE, as it descends to a lower position in the gravitational field. The KE that governs the temperature of a body, is the internal kinetic energy. That is, the KE at the molecular level, in the reference frame of its center of mass. So two identical objects, initially at the same temperature, will still have the same temperature if you put one of them in motion.

[@abeltamirat3247]

thanks a lot

[@anjaliupadhyay7474]

Loved it 😍😍.more please 🙏🙏

[@shsfluent8606]

nice video

[@angeliemaebonaobra4448]

Thank you!

[@chillandp9040]

Perfect professor Good explanations hope will u explain fluid mechanics

[@erin1569]

I think it'd be easier to understand if the formula at 2:30 was dPE + dKE = dU

[@rassimsimou1594]

Good

[@eromisimo]

Is there thermodynamics playlist because I can't find it

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

No it's just part of the classical physics playlist.

[@xOxAdnanxOx]

he said “ we’ll learn more about state function later “ can anyone plz refer me to any of his vids which is talking about this subject? thank you David and you all

[@zioliam9825]

Teacher , where i can get some exams !?

[@LaggersYard]

Super

[@shivasmart967]

tq sir

[@shamatasnim3312]

I have a question, If a balloon brusts , will it's internal energy reduces?? (Please give it answer)

[@bartonpaullevenson3427]

I would think the "heat content" (I know Professor Dave won't like that phrase) would decrease but the kinetic energy would increase as the gas rushed out, and work would be done by the expanding gas.

[@deepakkumarchandravanshi7363]

Love 💕 From 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

[@oceaness1583]

Hello professor! I just want to know the difference between internal energy and enthalpy and also the difference between enthalpy and the transfer of heat(q)... Please..

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

check the other tutorials immediately surrounding this one in the playlist on enthalpy and heat transfer

[@oceaness1583]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains okay! Thank you

[@oceaness1583]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains what I have understood is that q is the energy transfers that occur between the system and the surroundings, while enthalpy is the heat content that is the amount of heat present in a system which could change during reactions while the internal energy is the total energy( in any form ) in the system. Have I understood them correctly...?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

that definition of enthalpy is not quite correct, check the tutorial on enthalpy

[@johl8027]

Vídeo perfecto y súper claro

[@OVERWATCHfly]

What an absolute legend!

[@ManojKumar-cj7oj]

Your videos are awesome 🌈🌈🙏

[@jatinderbehl3885]

Thanks sir it really helped😊

[@wnampror]

how come video #28 - #33 are private videos? are you uploading them?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

yes one per day!

[@hassanrehman7769]

Thanks sir! But i thought the sum of potential and kinetic energy is called mechanical energy.

[@Corrupted_kiddo]

I am doing homework right now and I am so tired and the words are getting djejjdneknejfjekfkjejdj and it is due in tomorrow *help*

[@harshvardhanmankotia6492]

Same here bro 😕

[@avnigupta9040]

So is internal energy dependant on potential energy

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

yes and kinetic

[@tyrmyrmidon2846]

Thank you! also nice tat, what is it?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

check out "ask professor dave #3", i explain everything!

[@xerostat8961]

No comprehension check dis time?

[@ruqayaqays4069]

Thank you 💙💜

[@adarshkaran6611]

👍👍👍👍👍👍 Awesome Professor!

[@whoopnoop4043]

What’s total energy then? I thought kinetic + potential energy was the total energy

[@bmzaron713]

Yes, this is confusing since there are two versions of the same equation. You are looking at it from the chemistry standpoint but I have seen him talk about it from the physics standpoint, where basically the system is treated with a different sign (+ or 1) depending on if you are in physics or chemistry

[@rishikandimalla]

internal energy is total energy on a molecular level.

[@whoopnoop4043]

Thanks guys

[@BUJUNDUMEDIA]

can you help difference between heat and enthalapy

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

enthalpy is essentially equivalent to heat energy if a system is held at constant pressure, if not there is a component of pressure-volume work that must be accounted for

[@mister-accomplished]

Where are laws of thermodynamics I couldn't find that!

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

check the classical physics playlist

[@LaggersYard]

Helped me

[@qbslug]

so a bent bumper has greater internal energy than a straight bumper?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

i think so, yes!

[@qbslug]

for that to be true molecular bond potential energy would have to be negative and i cant figure out why it is negative

[@Rhannmah]

I'd say that the internal energy of a bent bumper is higher after a collision, as it accumulated much vibrational energy(which increases its temperature), but that energy dissipates to the environment after a while through heat transfer and goes back to equilibrium in its bent state.

[@qbslug]

I considered that but surely some of that energy went into actually bending the bumper also - maybe some bonds were removed or distorted. Do you think the bent and non-bent bumper have the exact same energy at the same temperature?

[@soot5676]

straight bumper and bent bumper have the same energy. lets say energy of bumper is U. hammering the bumper increases to 2U(heat). bumper losses energy(sound+vibration+cooling) afterwards and goes back to U

[@sergiopol3506]

Сергиопольь

[@nikhilkumarsingh3743]

perfect sir

[@popcorrnn]

Unsatisfying, you could have added a simplified definition of Internal energy

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

This is as simple as it gets, bud.

[@shailamalkani7570]

@@tharunviswanathan8766 HAHAHAHAA

[@shanthala1345]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains ikr!

[@NarenRamesh]

@@tharunviswanathan8766 lmao

[@privateconfessions7821]

Please make video for period 3 elements for A2 students

[@keremmamedov]

YEAH, THİS İS PROBEM FOR ME

[@vedityaig3676]

Sir what is meant by Molecular configuration? And What type of energy produce when we heat a system? Options: Kinetic energy due to molecular motion/Potential energy/thermal energy Please can you tell me 😇☺🙂

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

well it's thermal energy, but that's a type of kinetic energy

[@natnaelgirma8606]

does internal energy change in isothermal process?

[@siddhitajane5337]

No ..it is zero b coz it is temp dependant

[@carultch]

For an ideal gas, no. For a real gas, yes. There is an effect known as the Joule-Thompson effect, where irreversible expansion of a gas with no heat transfer, will cause some flavors of gas to increase in temperature, and others to decrease in temperature. Most gasses decrease in temperature from this effect, but a select few will heat up (e.g. helium). For an ideal gas, internal energy is exclusively dependent on temperature, and has no dependence on pressure. For a real gas with non-zero a JT coefficient, there is dependence of internal energy on temperature. This means that you will have some heat you have to add to the system in an isothermal process, that doesn't strictly equal the work done by the system.

[@chanal341]

Translation bangla

[@miguelboniol6483]

Are thermal energy and internal energy the same?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

no internal energy can include other types of energy!

[@rajasaurus3229]

Yo

[@methane385]

Internal energy depends on your frame of reference Just saying.....

[@carultch]

By definition, internal kinetic energy is taken in the reference frame of the center of mass. If you start with two identical bodies at the same temperature, putting one of them in motion doesn't change its temperature. The internal kinetic energy is still the same.

[@saqibmehmood6113]

LOVE FROM PAKISTAN.

[@ameerraja6409]

please tell characteristics of internal energy

[@gameisthemedicine4672]

it is a state function, sum of ke and pe , a measure of a system's ability to do work didn't you here it

[@Mohammad_Adil_Ramzan]

👍👍👍

[@miraitowal4224]

So objects with higher internal energy are hotter?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

hmmm, not necessarily, since some of the internal energy is potential energy, which can relate to intermolecular attractions, which doesn't relate to temperature, but internal kinetic energy does relate to temperature. so i guess we would say not always but often? higher thermal energy means hotter.

[@mohamadhanan5706]

i fucking love you

[@vigneshkamath164]

Please can you help me with the idea of potential energy? When you heat a substance, the potential energy in the system increases (I got this from my Physics Textbook). You say that the potential energy is the chemical bonds and the intermolecular forces (I think...), but surely you are breaking these bonds to change state from solid to liquid, and liquid to gas, and therefore you will reduce the potential energy in the particles? Which one is right? When you heat a substance, does the potential energy store of the particles increase or decrease? Thanks.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

hmm, well the kinetic energy definitely increases. as for the potential energy i'm not too sure! i think it might depend on the phase change. i suppose it might increase as well, particles further apart, more potential to travel towards one another, like gravitational potential energy. tough to say!

[@lostinmyimagination1562]

I dont know where yall come from, but here where I live we learn this in our second year of high school (grammar school) in physics and this is considered easy (students must know this in order to get a passing grade a D for example)

[@johnballs1352]

Dunning krueger alert

[@brittniep9219]

Okay... the u.s. and many other countries don’t have physics as a required course for multiple reasons that aren’t good reasons but a country and its society must value education for it to be well-funded and respected. This is not the case in the u.s. as a whole. Plus, a less educated society means a more compliant and unaware society. The less we question, the better.

[@yunushrp5222]

i need an hour to understand this 4 minutes shit god my brain is braining so hard

[@letsstart8843]

Nice

[@tamilmovieposter9470]

Super bro

[@jacobdonnarhiantalleyanput8186]

Predator. X.

[@zakirmohammed9662]

Pro dave can I have this lesson in somali language?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

i don't speak that language!

[@araitol3935]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains understandable

[@rippen526]

His eyes looks like that of ranbir kapoor😁

[@arlettemunoz3639]

my book says that "if we restrict our attention to ideal gases, then the sum of the kinetic energy of the molecules is equal to the internal energy of the substance." is this true?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

hmm i think so! because we ignore potential energy (interactions) for an ideal gas so that would leave just kinetic energy.

[@mr.x963]

Our jesus is here to help student

[@AnamRehman-de2zu]

Who 😂

[@derlymorales6639]

make video in spanish plis

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

i don't speak spanish very well! and that would be a lot of work. some people have submitted spanish subtitles for some of my content, and i would love it if more people did the same thing for all of my content, and in any language.

[@simonmacek9009]

or maybe you should learn english. it's not like you will need it. more than he will need spanish

[@Spokkkky]

Professor dave can I get other ways to share my doubts like whatsaap hike hangouts etc . . . Email isn't very efficient

[@wg8798]

Thanks a lot.........

[@zulfqarali5665]

Bkwas