Is Time Real?

Check out the physics courses that I mentioned (many of which are free!) and support this channel by going to brilliant.org/Sabine/ where you can create your Brilliant account. The first 200 will get 20% off the annual premium subscription.
Correction: The photo at about 1 mins doesn't show Hermann Minkowski (who is the one I meant) but his brother Oskar. Sorry about that.
In this video I explain why some physicists argue that time does not exist, and what that even means.
You can support me on Patreon:
www.patreon.com/Sabine?fan_landing=true
You can join the chat on this week's video today (Sat, Jan 2, 2021) at 6pm CET or noon Eastern Time here:
talk.conversful.com/c?id=-MPf9wLFMRVHuSmGpa7V
#physics #education #science #philosophy
0:00 Intro
0:23 What is time?
3:37 How do clocks work?
4:19 What do physicists mean with "Time is not real"?
6:57 What might a theory without time look like?
8:43 Sponsor Message

[@dj_laundry_list]

Time is actually a function of the number of comments a youtube video has

[@greensombrero3641]

actually, time is on my side, yes it is

[@rushunnhfernandes]

😂😂haha innovative

[@larryscott3982]

I have time for this. I don’t have time flat earth vids.

[@ThePaulv12]

No only phd graduates from the university of KZbin can say whether time exists or not. Their opinions are unimpeachable. I know it, you know it. We mere mortals don't have the credentials to participate in their high brow exalted ontological and epistemological discussions on existential matters such as time. All we can do is sit back look at them and say, "Man that should be me up there!"

[@eyon150]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/infQfIyXhLdoqJo

[@upandatom]

I want to be Sabine when I grow up

[@nerdomania24]

you can become annoyed physicist at any day

[@EffySalcedo]

😅😆

[@bossoholic]

Physicists UNITE

[@dr.jamesolack8504]

Up and Atom What a coincidence seeing you here, sweetie! 🌹🌹 Continued success with your channel in the new year. Love your "presentation"....

[@ps200306]

It's possible you'll never pronounce Ein-shtein like Sabine. But rumour has it that you (or someone you know) are the expert on pronouncing Fourier, Fermat, Germain, Hermite, Lagrange, Mersenne, and Poincaré. Which makes you quite Legendre ;-)

[@rubiks6]

All day long I've been asking people what time it is and they keep giving me different answers.

[@thewizzard3150]

It's a conspiracy. You got a theory?

[@frankdimeglio8216]

THE ULTIMATE (AND CLEAR) MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION (AND PROOF) REGARDING PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS NOW DEMONSTRATED, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA: TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!! Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=mc2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on what is THE EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Great. MOREOVER, a given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) then sweeps out equal areas in equal times consistent WITH/AS F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is perpetual motion; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Stellar clustering ALSO proves ON BALANCE that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Objects (including WHAT IS the falling MAN) fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), as E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/energy is gravity. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE DOME of a PERSON'S EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The sky is blue, AND the Earth is blue. THE EARTH/ground AND THE SUN are E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS UNIVERSALLY PROVEN TO BE GRAVITY in what is a mathematically unified fashion. E=mc2 IS F=ma. The middle distance in/of/AS SPACE AND the full distance in/of/AS SPACE are NECESSARILY linked AND balanced. MAGNIFICENT !!!!!!!!!! INSTANTANEITY IS thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It is ALL CLEARLY proven. Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. By Frank DiMeglio

[@webgpu]

try asking then what time is it yesterday.

[@MaxDooDat2]

Quack!

[@frankdimeglio8216]

@@MaxDooDat2 THE ULTIMATE (AND CLEAR) MATHEMATICAL UNIFICATION (AND PROOF) REGARDING PHYSICS/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE IS NOW DEMONSTRATED, AS E=MC2 IS F=MA: TIME DILATION ultimately proves (ON BALANCE) that E=mc2 IS F=ma, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (Importantly, balance and completeness go hand in hand.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. NOW, A PHOTON may be placed at the center of WHAT IS THE SUN (as A POINT, of course); AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Indeed, ultimately and truly, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. GREAT. Accordingly, INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/PHYSICAL EXPERIENCE; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=MA. GREAT !!! Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=mc2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Consider THE MAN who is standing on what is THE EARTH/GROUND. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Great. MOREOVER, a given PLANET (including what is THE EARTH) then sweeps out equal areas in equal times consistent WITH/AS F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is perpetual motion; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Stellar clustering ALSO proves ON BALANCE that E=mc2 IS F=ma, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Objects (including WHAT IS the falling MAN) fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), as E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/energy is gravity. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. THE DOME of a PERSON'S EYE is ALSO VISIBLE. (Notice the flat AND black space of what is THE EYE.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. The sky is blue, AND the Earth is blue. THE EARTH/ground AND THE SUN are E=mc2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS UNIVERSALLY PROVEN TO BE GRAVITY in what is a mathematically unified fashion. E=mc2 IS F=ma. The middle distance in/of/AS SPACE AND the full distance in/of/AS SPACE are NECESSARILY linked AND balanced. MAGNIFICENT !!!!!!!!!! INSTANTANEITY IS thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper UNDERSTANDING of physics/physical experience, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It is ALL CLEARLY proven. Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. GREAT. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It is all CLEARLY proven !!!!!!!! TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. GREAT !!!!!!!! BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. By Frank DiMeglio

[@treysonmcgrady4750]

I’ve never heard time explained like this before, this was a wonderful video. That definition makes so much sense, really interesting topic.

[@stevesmodelbuilds5473]

Sabine's great. 😀

[@silentmajority8365]

Too time consuming🤣🤣

[@Murdo2112]

Indeed. It's not often, on KZbin, that you get some great "penny dropping" epiphany, but this was one for me. Thinking of velocity through space altering your angle through time suddenly made time dilation make sense, beyond a simple "ok,if you say so". I now how a simple model of how to visualise what's happening. Outstanding.

[@vladeckk21]

Love this. I may not watch with complete understanding, but I always watch with intense interest.

[@nelsonclub7722]

Time and space are relative. The more time I spend with my relatives the more space I need

[@KibyNykraft]

But one day they might be dead, you are left alone ,and you will miss them... Then you will think otherwise ;)

[@nelsonclub7722]

@@KibyNykraft You must be fun at parties?

[@KibyNykraft]

I don't speak intellectual subjects at parties :) Not relxng enogh

[@nelsonclub7722]

@@KibyNykraft I rest my case

[@obeelektro3668]

Unfortunately you have garnished some criticism. To me your comment shows your wittiness, fantastic humor and great intelligence. Your comment is truly funny. : ) Cheers

[@kenchorney2724]

"Time is an illusion, lunch time doubly so" - Ford Prefect, The Hitchhiker's Guide to The Galaxy.

[@frankdimeglio8216]

The truth is liberating, as it confers responsibility AND freedom. By Frank DiMeglio

[@KibyNykraft]

@Science Revolution Time has a physical existence in the sense that all baryons are in continuous motion. That is, that is the only existential-cosmological-scientific possible definition of time; motions measured to other motions (relativity). One can of course for the daily life define time as whatever. :) When we say that it takes time to get to another town, what we are really saying is that it needs energy + space to get to another town. (if there was no space(background), there would be no OTHER town)

[@KibyNykraft]

(energy = bound in particles, straight old particle mechanics... Space curvature is basically where Einstein fell off his chair, sadly.. .Before that he did most things very well, being one of the important teachers in the understanding that all is in continuous variable motion)

[@phillipholmes5206]

Time dialation is an optical illusion.

[@julietwochholz9755]

Been studying non-duality. My experience is that it is always now. I cannot move out of the now and into the future (or the past.) Time is a concept, an incredibly useful one, but show me how there is anything but now.

[@Zayden.]

Fossils, rocks, the field of geology, biology, paleontology

[@robertsutherland7378]

The real question is, is how long does now(the present) exist? Assuming it's a time period it should be measurable, like seconds and minutes, if not it doesn't exist and perhaps only the past and present exist.

[@Crallux]

​@@Zayden. The fossiles are now fossiles. Yes they depict what happend in the past but they are now in the state that you can find them, not in the past form. You cannot interact with the past, only with the products of the past that now exist You can also not interact with the future, but you can make predictions of the future according to past events and current state.

[@classifiedtopsecret4664]

I'm talking to you from the future 😱 Far out 👋

[@nathanhittle9457]

"Now" might not even exist!!! The relativity of simultaneity suggests "now" is highly dependent on your position as an observer of events... truly wild!

[@user-kp6js7vp5h]

Dr. Hossenfelder, I've watched several videos about this subject and yours was by far more understandable than the others!!!! Thank you.

[@sageinit]

[Enter Groucho Marx] "Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana."

[@dlevi67]

That was Anthony Oettinger

[@jpe1]

@@dlevi67 I’m confident that all the people reading your comment who know your username and recognize your authority on the topic will have full confidence in your statement, but for the handful who might doubt you, here is a link to back up your assertion that can be used as a jumping off point to research further: quoteinvestigator.com/2010/05/04/time-flies-arrow/

[@Bldyiii]

You people are too smart for your own good.

[@kensurrency2564]

Somehow it’s funnier when Groucho says it. 😉

[@edcunion]

Tally ho Groucho, an old school comedic genius!

[@retiredteacher6289]

I have to watch this again when I have more time.

[@MrGodofcar]

lol

[@AndrewBlucher]

To have more time you will need to go backwards. But she only released the video a few hours ago.

[@jamielondon6436]

We only ever have less time than we have ever had before. ;-)

[@retiredteacher6289]

@@AndrewBlucher Well I was going backwards as fast as I could but a cop pulled me over and said I am going to be doing some time, sometime.

[@retiredteacher6289]

@@jamielondon6436 I used to have more time but it was slipping slipping into the future so fast it's all past.

[@MamaZShaman]

Love your content, delivery, thoughtfulness, and, humor! Thank you Sabine

[@Branpanman]

My favorite KZbinr, by far. My mind is edified and blown every single time.

[@ValirAmaril]

boss: 'you're late again!' me: 'is time even real?'

[@GaZonk100]

haha!

[@Estevaohaeser]

That's a perfect applyance for this information!

[@louf7178]

"OK. Then no paycheck necessary"

[@TheG7thcapo]

I tried this approach before it did not worked well. 🤣🤣🤣

[@gibbsm]

In the US Army you can be late by being 19 mins early, how's that for a time fuck?

[@eleanorpowellfan]

I come here mostly to hear her say "Einstein".

[@michaelblacktree]

LOL

[@hookflash699]

Don't you mean "Ein-shhhstein"? ;-)

[@arthurmee]

Take some German lessons. That should cure your fetish.

[@gordon9995]

Or "universe."

[@thomaspsyy]

She's German, therefore she pronounces it correctly, just as Einstein himself would spell it

[@ronconner8420]

Wonderful video. Liked how you avoid unnecessarily long explanations. Time as an emergent concept is really thought provoking.

[@alainbergeron1675]

From Montreal Canada! Sabine I love your channel. Most of these discussions are way over and above my comprehension, but I still love your video's. Keep up the good work and keep on educating. :)

[@BabyDespair]

I never get tired of Sabine's explanations

[@SkyIsTheLimit68]

I like her style. Easy to follow. Her English is actually excellent, considering that it's not her first language. I have high respect for Sabine. Please keep making these video.

[@frankdimeglio8216]

The truth is liberating, as it confers responsibility AND freedom. By Frank DiMeglio

[@DarkShroom]

@@frankdimeglio8216 who's Frank DiMeglio?

[@frankdimeglio8216]

@@DarkShroom WHY ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS UNIFIED AND BALANCED WITH/AS WHAT IS GRAVITY: Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY are LINKED AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Therefore, Einstein's equations and Maxwell's equations are unified (given the addition of a fourth spatial dimension); AS E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma; AS TIME DILATION proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ACCORDINGLY, Einstein's equations predict that SPACE is expanding OR contracting in and with TIME; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT !!! (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the rotation of the Moon MATCHES it's revolution. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course); AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. THE SUN purely exemplifies time DILATION. INSTANTANEITY is FUNDAMENTAL. Time DILATION proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma. "Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT !!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Let's compare this directly with BOTH a falling object AND the speed of light (c). Great. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Time DILATION proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma. INSTANTANEITY is FUNDAMENTAL to the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience. Ultimately and truly, TIME is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The ultimate unification of physics/physical experience combines, BALANCES, AND includes opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT. It ALL makes perfect sense. THINK !!! The Earth that undergoes time DILATION IS thus represented (ON BALANCE) as what is A POINT in the night sky, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (So, notice that the BLUE SKY IS no longer visible. Think.) E=mc2 IS F=ma. It is FULLY proven. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Alas, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT (AND description) is improved in the truly superior mind. I have truly, CLEARLY, AND MATHEMATICALLY unified physics/physical experience. OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/WITH what is THE EARTH. (Notice the black space of THE EYE, AND the DOME of a person's eye is ALSO visible.) THE EARTH is ALSO blue. Again, E=mc2 IS F=ma. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Time dilation proves that E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma, AS electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It ALL makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. By Frank DiMeglio

[@zoetropo1]

@@frankdimeglio8216 Too much capitalisation collapses an argument.

[@frankdimeglio8216]

@@DarkShroom ABSOLUTE MATHEMATICAL PROOF THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY: Time DILATION proves that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 is DIRECTLY AND FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma. Einstein's equations are NECESSARILY QUANTUM GRAVITATIONAL, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. In fact, the mathematical unification of Maxwell's equations AND Einstein's equations (given the addition of a fourth spatial dimension) proves that ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational IN BALANCE; AS E=mc2 is DIRECTLY AND FUNDAMENTALLY DERIVED FROM F=ma; AS time DILATION proves that ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ACCORDINGLY, Einstein's equations predict that SPACE is expanding OR contracting in and with time. ALL of SPACE is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is, in fact, CLEARLY proven by BOTH F=ma AND E=mc2. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the SPEED OF LIGHT; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY are linked AND BALANCED IN AND OUT of SPACE AND TIME, as this is CLEARLY proven by time DILATION, F=ma, AND E=mc2. This ALSO explains the cosmological redshift AND the "black hole(s)". Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE.) ACCORDINGLY, FULL DISTANCE in/of SPACE, MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE, AND A POINT are all then in BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. GREAT !!! This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, and describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Therefore, I have demonstrated the true mathematical UNIFICATION of physics/physical experience AS what is NECESSARILY electromagnetic/gravitational IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. By Frank DiMeglio

[@rafaboanova]

I really enjoy watching Sabine's videos about complicated stuff. I keep thinking about them after and realizing I don't know enough about the basics to absorb even half of what she said. That's when I get watch other videos about the subject and then come back to rewatch the video and enjoy it even more the second time.

[@schmetterling4477]

Well, you clearly didn't listen as a five year old when they explained the clock to you. ;-)

[@Vlasko60]

That's similar to me. I just keep adding little bits of knowledge/concepts as I can understand them.

[@walshamite]

​@@Vlasko60Exactly so. We're trying to understand how the cosmos works while physicists continue to debate some of the concepts we have hitherto believed were immutable certainties. I guess we're all learning together, physicists and non-physicists alike. If relativity is only a holding theory while we get quantum gravity pinned down, who's the expert?

[@Vlasko60]

@@walshamite "As far as we know is all we can know."

[@FilterYT]

Thanks again Sabine, you bring clarity.

[@dogwalker666]

"Time is an illusion, Lunchtime doubly so" Douglas Addams HHG.

[@primonomeultimonome]

Déjà vu. 😉

[@huepix]

HGG

[@dogwalker666]

@@huepix yes The Hitch Hikers Guide to the Galaxy, written by the late great Douglas Addams.

[@a.randomjack6661]

Stop me if I didn't hear this 42 times...

[@dogwalker666]

@@a.randomjack6661 are you aware of the location of your Towel ?

[@Doodlebird138]

Sabine: is time real? KZbin: 10 hours ago

[@DeElSendero]

After viewing this I'm not sure if you can tell me what time it is but one thing I know for sure and that is you are an excellent teacher! Thank you for this video!

[@philjamieson5572]

Thanks for this exellent food for thought. Mulling over questions like this is very enjoyable and helps me relax.

[@Dr.Shwan.Hameed]

This topic that I have always been waiting for you to explain

[@MichaelDeHaven]

Agreed, I love a good discussion on philosophical theories of time. PBS spacetime has some good ones too. Still, I can't believe you didn't make a more direct "time" joke in your comment.

[@larryscott3982]

When I was about to click on it, I noticed it was posted “1 hour ago”. Now I’m I’m confused. Was it always posted and my arrival was an hour after? But before and after .... well, I’ve returned to a configuration.

[@scoreprinceton]

Great explanation that is understandable thanks Now if I can get people to accept the notion that societal spacetime/natural languages spacetime are all varieties of network configurations but different from the geographical spacetime of the theory of relativity and similar in concept to the Wolfram’s proposed fundamental theory of physics but applicable mostly to abstractions.

[@frankdimeglio8216]

THE SIMPLE, PROPER, FULL, AND BALANCED UNDERSTANDING OF THE SHAPE, FORM, AND RELATIONAL MOTION OF WHAT IS THE MOON IN UNIVERSAL ACCORDANCE WITH THE FACT THAT E=MC2 IS F=MA: What is THE MOON is moving AND not moving IN BALANCED RELATION to the Earth AND the Sun AS a linked AND BALANCED opposite in accordance with the UNIVERSAL fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. THEREFORE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON necessarily matches it's revolution; AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, the shape AND form of the Moon is basically constant or invariant. The Moon is a BALANCED MIDDLE DISTANCE manifestation or form that is in fundamental accordance with the Earth/Sun BALANCE pursuant to the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT !!! Therefore, the Moon is electromagnetically/gravitationally extended AND contracted ON BALANCE in true agreement with the fact that E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravitational force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. By Frank DiMeglio

[@John-rd4sp]

"Do you know what time it is?" "Right now or when you asked me?" - George Carlin

[@ObservantHistorian]

Exactly. When people say to live in the "here and now," that's one thing that never really exists.

[@ObservantHistorian]

@Roger Loquitur What a stunningly shallow and stupid response.

[@ObservantHistorian]

@Roger Loquitur No, but significantly more than you. I made a simple, good-hearted, somewhat tongue-in-cheek quip about the nature of time, and you come back with a nonsensical insulting butt-hurt response. What exactly the fuck is wrong is with you?

[@Primus54]

@@ObservantHistorian: What is wrong with him? Clearly he is a very unhappy individual trying to find some way to enjoy himself.

[@MixMastaCopyCat]

@@ObservantHistorian Wait sorry, I don't understand, what's so insulting about their comment? I found it playful, I'm not sure where the "butthurt" is? I am asking in genuine confusion

[@ThunderBassistJay]

Interesting thought that I've been having for a long time: Time can be replaced by "distance travelled by a photon through vacuum". The speed of light (in vacuum) is absolute and doesn't necessarily have to be expressed in distance per time. Speed itself can be expressed as a fraction of the distance a photon would have travelled through vacuum. In other words, do we prefer frequency or wavelength?

[@fred8281]

So time is a unitless ratio of distance over distance? Implying that distance is a fundamental property, and time is just a useful derivation of that fundamental property? Not a fundamental property itself?

[@ThunderBassistJay]

​@@fred8281 See this as a thought experiment. We're so used to time that it's hard to imagine a universe without. If there's no such thing as absolute time, then duration may be a useful 'substitute'. Duration can be derived from the distance a photon travels in vacuum. We could give it a unit, or simply express duration in photon-metres. The metre can be defined as the distance a photon travels during an agreed number of pulses from a caesium standard. Again, this is just a thought experiment. 😊

[@Attila_MG]

Dear Sabine, I recently stumbled upon your channel, and I must say that I am truly enjoying your videos and the wealth of knowledge you share. I appreciate your open-mindedness to novel ideas and ways of thinking, especially as a physicist. The video about time, featuring Julian Barbour's work and his book, particularly caught my interest. Since the release of that video, do you have any updates or new insights on his theory? I would be eager to hear any news related to it. If possible, I would also love to see another video discussing the concept of time - if you have the time, of course! 😉 By the way, I just subscribed to Brilliant using your link, and I am grateful for the offer! Thank you for your dedication to teaching and sharing your expertise with all of us. Warm regards, Attila

[@BalancedBlackwood]

I love your subtitle of “Science with out the gobbledygook”! I love watching your videos, especially because I am not good at math and yet I still very much understand you explanations. Thank you for your knowledge. 🙏

[@thwh77]

"The time we take is time that gives us something." Ernst Ferstl (Poet) If you take time for Sabine, you always get real value.

[@geoffreygushue2280]

Yeah, just finished watching one of her "lectures" from four months ago entitled ""Flat Earth Science...wrong, but not stupid". Aaah, no ... it's stupid!

[@JohnHarmer]

Another great video. One point that surprised me though was Sabine mentioning Lee Smolin as arguing for Time not being real. I associate that position more with Carlo Rovelli in his book "The Order of Time". Lee Smolin's "Time Reborn" argues against this position, and if anything comes to the tentative conclusion that time is the most fundamental thing of all. They are both working on formulating Quantum Gravity theories.

[@ThomasJr]

Another magnific presentation by Sabine. Wow

[@shelley-anneharrisberg7409]

"Chairs are not real" - I knew it! Great video, thank you! :)

[@Shifter-1040ST]

Yes, when science proves that chairs are not real and all chairs suddenly cease to exist, a lot of people are going to be butthurt about that.

[@rotorblade9508]

It depends on what you mean by chair 😂 define chair

[@tTtt-ho3tq]

@@rotorblade9508 it also depends in gravity? Are chairs relevant in free-falling space?

[@emceeboogieboots1608]

When she said that I almost fell off my...wait, what!

[@Steven_Rowe]

Meanwhile the curtains were drawn, But the furniture is real. (Spike Milligan)

[@ElonTrump19]

Your honest way is refreshing and reminds me of my Omi. Thank you 😊!

[@robbie8142]

It was nice to see the name Omi as I had a German Grandma who my kids called Omi. She was my beautiful Mum and I regret I was not a better son. I digress. Thankyou my friend! 🤗🤗🤗

[@andrewanderson8559]

A real pleasure to listen to and watch, may she continue.

[@mp-kq3vc]

I always thought that John Wheeler created the the "time keeps everything from happening at once" quote. This video took me on a deeper dive of that statement. Thanks!

[@ericrichmond7296]

"We can stand still in space..." Is that possible other than in relation to our immediate surroundings?

[@a.randomjack6661]

No... every thing moves all the time. Atoms, waves, planets, stars, galaxies, clusters. Time is relative.

[@marsovac]

You could say that you are standing still in respect to the expansion of the universe.

[@nic.h]

Standing still relative to what?

[@Lord_Volkner]

@@nic.h Your own reference frame.

[@Mr.Not_Sure]

Well, if we blow a big bomb in deep space, producing debris moving in all directions in all speeds from zero to some high speed, then for any inertial frame (even for not immediate surroundings) there will be a fragment standing still regarding to it.

[@TheWeatherbuff]

"Time" for another cup of coffee before I watch this again.

[@b5904]

Always time for that.

[@richardkammerer2814]

Good coffee decreases my rate of intake.

[@Aarkwrite]

I love you Sabine! Hilarious and informative as always. Keep up the great work.

[@stoyanfurdzhev]

Of spreading superstitions.

[@RWSCOTT]

thanks for this lecture. Time is a concept I've struggled with for some time, lol. In a general sense whether it's real, more specifically that it might be a property or condition of the material universe that we perceive in a limited way, or misapprehend entirely.

[@musikinspace]

The first 30 seconds are pure poetry.

[@astro_gabe]

I like the new editing! It's very clean and, hopefully, leaves Sabine with more "time" to write her awesome scripts.

[@numbersix8919]

Nice! This channel is such a wonder. Thanks Dr H.

[@mikkel715]

Watching Sabine is a nice time. Mach weiter so.

[@mikewalker7385]

I think we may all be chasing shadows. Trying to discover the composition of a shadow because it's something we perceive. When it is actually the effect of two other things.

[@alexstewart8097]

Above all the effect of the son, don't you think?

[@aaronseet2738]

I've always felt we can't answer these questions, especially dark matter and dark energy, unless we have perspective from the fifth or sixth dimension.

[@neerkoli]

@@aaronseet2738 I don't think we'll ever get an ultimate answer to these questions. At what point can we say confidently that we have found the theory of everything? It could be turtles all the way down.

[@AndreasDelleske]

Sure, consciousness and matter. Now you need to model consciousness.

[@MenacingBanjo]

Is that a Plato reference?

[@johncnorris]

The timing of this video was directly related to my position in space.

[@rashadsaleh4467]

I think this is the best comment I’ve read so far on this video

[@soullyskienin7474]

Thank you. The amount of staggered space around emergent event boundaries is a key to perception defined by gravity creating energy by altering mass and makes me think of a flame.

[@myBestWishes677]

Thanks for this video!

[@algorithminc.8850]

Always time to learn and build ... never forget time for family and friends ... otherwise the cost of that time to learn and build is too high. Great channel ...

[@guybrushthreepwood2910]

Great video and your explanation of time is better than the one I received at my physics class long ago. Any plans to do a video on Wolfram's hypergraphs?

[@dansmif]

I think time is just the name we give to the physical movement matter from one position/configuration to another. Imagine you could isolate yourself in a protective bubble, and then pause the movement of all other matter in the universe. From your perspective you could say "time has stopped" but it would really just be the matter not moving.

[@ayodejiesan416]

Yh, I know,I've thought of this,but then again time is used for interval between events so everything stopping would by definition mean time has also stopped and not just the matter...😏

[@marscience7819]

Here is the way my 7th grade teacher explained time to me. "Say Shanda (my girlfriend at the time) calls you and says she wants to meet you at the entrance to the Hangar (a popular spot adjacent to the local YMCA), and she just left it at that. Would you be able to meet her?" My answer--"No". His response---"Why not?" My answer---"Because she never told me when". His response-----"That's what time is. It's just simply another piece of information to tell you how to meet her. Her telling you 'at the entrance to the Hanger' tells you where to meet, which is basically the same as giving you two numbers for say, latitude and longitude. But that's not good enough to actually meet her, she has to give you a third number. That third number we call time."

[@jeffreyspinner9720]

I was thinking about this without realizing I was thinking about this as a background process, and I realized we don't even understand what being "real" actually means. So anything after that is already catastrophically unknowable.

[@jamesn7305]

Fascinating as always. The dry humor gets me every time.

[@josephdestaubin7426]

"No shortage of speculation" indeed. The sarcasm runs deep with this one, and is one of the many reasons I love this channel.

[@frankdimeglio8216]

Drama isn't fact.

[@nomchompsky3012]

It is certainly interesting to hear a contrarian view. The problem is that every theoretical physicist wants funding to prove their theories...nobody ever says "Well, my theory's good but the money's better spent testing this other person's theory", do they?

[@frankdimeglio8216]

@@nomchompsky3012 Mr. Paresh Dave has given the following writing the thumbs up. Great. WHY EINSTEIN'S EQUATIONS PREDICT THAT SPACE IS EXPANDING OR CONTRACTING IN AND WITH TIME: Ultimately and truly, TIME is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. INSTANTANEITY is FUNDAMENTAL to the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Time DILATION proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. ACCORDINGLY, the known mathematical unification of Einstein's equations AND Maxwell's equations (given the addition of A FOURTH SPATIAL DIMENSION) is proven and explained. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black. (Notice the term c4 from Einstein's equations.) It is CLEARLY proven. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. This is the ultimate unification of physics/physical experience. It ALL makes perfect sense. I have truly unified physics. Consider THE MAN who IS standing on what is the Earth/ground. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. THOUGHTS ARE INVISIBLE. (Notice that THE DOME of a person's eye is ALSO VISIBLE.) OVERLAY what is THE EYE in BALANCED RELATION to/WITH what is THE EARTH. The INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT (AND DESCRIPTION) is improved in the truly superior mind. Indeed, the ability of thought to describe OR reconfigure sensory experience is ULTIMATELY dependent upon the extent to which THOUGHT IS SIMILAR TO sensory experience. Time DILATION proves that electromagnetism/ENERGY IS GRAVITY, AS E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma. It is ALL CLEARLY proven. In fact, I have also clarified, clearly identified, and corrected the limited notion of curved "SPACE". MY UNIFICATION OF PHYSICS SURPASSES ALL OTHERS. E=mc2 IS F=ma. A galaxy is basically FLAT. Think !!! GREAT. Notice the black space of what is THE EYE as well. It ALL makes perfect sense. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. The Sun AND the Earth are F=ma AND E=mc2, AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. GREAT !!! LOOK at what is the BLUE SKY. The EARTH is ALSO blue. NOW, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. Beautiful !!! Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This explains F=ma AND E=mc2. ACCORDINGLY, the rotation of what is THE MOON MATCHES it's revolution. It is fully, CLEARLY, and consistently proven. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY. By Frank DiMeglio

[@nomchompsky3012]

@@frankdimeglio8216 what kind of bot are you?

[@frankdimeglio8216]

@@nomchompsky3012 It is generally recognized that I have mathematically unified physics.

[@taco_nut8681]

I'm in love with Sabine! Your incredible.

[@KutWrite]

A fun exploration. I think the subject is at least as much philosophical as scientific. Love your dress, Sabine!

[@tommyvictorbuch6960]

From the perspective of a frog: Time is fun, when you're having flies.

[@fixups6536]

This frog is eating time flies.

[@dr.jamesolack8504]

Tommy Victor Buch Wish I'd thought of that.....good one, Tom!

[@YanivGorali]

Haha (We need awards for youtube comments)

[@ishworshrestha3559]

Ok

[@jorgepeterbarton]

Fun is time when you are having frog. Said the fly larvae at some later date

[@BojanBojovic]

I believe there is no better way of organizing and explaining something but to have a German person to do it. 🙂 What a channel, Sabine is just incredible.

[@adityanarain9428]

Oh no you Germans, please don't bring race here

[@3rdPartyIntervener]

Worked well for the trains, too.

[@Joseph-fw6xx]

Very smart people

[@davidhess6593]

Adolph would agree with you.

[@BojanBojovic]

@@davidhess6593 First of all it is Adolf, and second get bent with your nationalism!

[@beatricechauvel8237]

Brilliant video, as usual

[@stonecastle858]

Love your work Sabine - is there a theory for how entropy can manifest without time?

[@cornells.1727]

Excellent question! Does electromagnetic radiation exist? Without time the answer should be now, as it is a dual field "moving" with the speed of light... i.e. it covers a certain distance in a unit of time... without time, it would be either everywhere in space or it wouldn't move, it would be frozen.

[@cornells.1727]

* Answer should be no is what I meant.

[@mitchellmedford6731]

I've been thinking about the reverse. What if time is an emergent property of entropy?

[@stonecastle858]

@@mitchellmedford6731 yes, that's sort what I'm getting at. i.e. their interconnectedness

[@Tnowion]

as soon as i could properly think (i think at the age of four) i wanted to know everything about this. about reality, origins, manifestation, blablabla. i have almost finished my physics b.sc. and still have a lot to learn but people like in this video have done so much work for me already and you bring it directly to my doorstep for free. you are basically a knowledge shortcut. i love your channel. thank you for filling my heart with this and giving us the literature hints and everything.

[@TheSwiftCreek2]

properly think vs remember. consider newborn babies have very little frame of reference for the world they're dumped into, know no language, and figure out who is safe, who loves them, how to speak the language, etc. etc. for all you know they think much more before they start dumping to long term memory than afterwards.

[@Tnowion]

@@TheSwiftCreek2 i remember a lot from before 4 years old. i definitely started to fill up storage before sorting stuff ^^

[@wittysparks6787]

1. time can be defined as " interval between two events " 2. Any change causes birth of time. So change is time.

[@adarwinterdror7245]

Does this work with the origin of the universe? I mean, if the universe was static at first and then something changed and so - time started. If this was the case, maybe one can say the universe before the big bang was unstable. But doesnt instability require time first? So what came first? Time or the change?

[@wittysparks6787]

@@adarwinterdror7245 Yes, Universe was static first, and then something changed, and time started. Unlike with many other systems, where we assume system moves towards more stable position, universes was already in most stable condition, without any change or time. But for some reason, which no one knows, universe became unstable, caused change and time together.

[@jamesmather7896]

So I hear two things on physics channels occasionally that seem contradictory to me: if you fall into a black hole (and survive) you “go to the end of time” due to insane levels of gravity warping spacetime. 2. Hawking radiation means black holes evaporate - presumably this happens within “universal” time (as in: the black hole expires before the end of the universe). So do you theoretically go to the end of time or to this point? I presume at the surface of an event horizon you could see the universe visibly age behind you? Would you see it end? What’s happens here time-wise? 🤔

[@JoniWan77]

I kind of like how in most languages terms regarding time and terms regarding distance are closely related or derived from each other, because there is no other frame of observation time can properly be compared to.

[@bkrharold]

This reminds me of an incident years ago, when I was hanging out with one my friends. We were both very high on hash and having a discussion about the nature of time. As we pondered the question, we were approached by a stranger asking, "Do you have the right time?" We both burst out laughing, much to his surprise.

[@nathanielhellerstein5871]

Once two hippies, high on hash, were standing at the corner of Haight and Ashbury. Suddenly an ambulance rushed past them, lights flashing, sirens screaming. The two hippies turned their heads in unison as the ambulance screeched around the corner in front of them and hurtled down Ashbury. While their long hair was still waving in the wind left by the ambulance, one of the hippies said to the other, "Man, I thought he'd *_never_* leave."

[@rickh3714]

@@nathanielhellerstein5871 The hippies names were David Oppler and Ed Ffect. I knew them well.

[@Aerxis]

Clever, at the end she thanked us for our non existent time.

[@emergentform1188]

Awesome, thank you Sabine, you are brilliant, beautiful, and an incredible teacher of the abstraction and wonderful.

[@burdeninmyhand]

Years ago (around 2016) I've personally arrived at the possibility that in a physical sense (maybe at an astronomical level) the concept of what we call time, or the variable "time" may just be a redundancy, and that maybe only the positions of objects alone (its configuration) ultimately define "complete state". That day, I arrived at those conclusions all by myself, but asking two fundamental questions that Sabine here named "what is time?" and "what is a clock?". Also that day, fueled by those thoughts I did a google search to try to find some physicist that did research on "timeless physics", and I found some of them, maybe the most interesting of them being Dr Julian Barbour (also named here by Sabine). Maybe the most interesting part of all this is finding out that the nature of time isn't as studied as other topics in science, like again, asking "What is time?" and "What is a clock?". Like Dr Barbour points out, maybe the most interesting, deeper thoughts on the nature of time were written by Isaac Newton in his Principia, and maybe Ernst Mach also had ideas such as Barbour's, and it's interesting also to compare all this with Einsteinian's notions of time embedded in his own theory

[@johnstonewall917]

Dr. Hossenfelder, thank you again for directing my thoughts in a new direction,

[@PauloSilva-cl3gv]

I can say it's a good time when I receive this channel's notifications.

[@simonhough5622]

Hi I love listening to you it helps me figure out stuff . Time is only relevant to the individual, really time can be measured, reflected on its effects can be seen ! Etc time might be called a force but if that is true we should be able to control it. Omg go back or forward in time ! Lol good luck with this corundum.

[@Harlem55]

The problem with this is that it is more likely that quantum mechanics is more likely the incorrect theory because it breaks down much sooner than does GR/SR. Rather- If we presuppose that Gravity = Energy (as GR proposes with the equation E=MC^2), then it follows that gravity directly causes time because gravity causes motion. e.g. Time is the measurement of motion in space (ultimately caused by gravity) because you can't move in space absent the ability to move in time.

[@richardkerner5817]

Quite often we don't know what to do with our time. But time always knows what to do with us.

[@frankdimeglio8216]

DREAM EXPERIENCE IS/INVOLVES TRUE/REAL QUANTUM GRAVITY: In dreams, BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE is invisible AND VISIBLE in BALANCE. This is why we are able to UNDERSTAND so much about the human body. (There is no outsmarting the genius of dreams.) In dream experience, it is you AND other than you are IN BALANCE. (Dreams balance being AND EXPERIENCE.) Dream EXPERIENCE is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. (It is, OBVIOUSLY, real OR ACTUAL EXPERIENCE.) Importantly, dream experience GROWS/increases. SO, E=mc2 IS F=ma. Ultimately and truly, TIME is necessarily possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=MC2 IS F=MA. By Frank DiMeglio

[@skaruts]

I'm interested in seeing where Barbour's proposition goes. I've been rather skeptical of time being more than a ethereal concept born of our subjective perception of movement, given that we measure it arbitrarily based on the movement of something of our choice (particles). I can easily imagine the universe being nothing more than a perpetual moment, where the past and future are not only irrelevant, but exist only in our minds, as only we can record a model of the present for later reference, or compute a model of the future based on present and past factors. So I suppose this is gonna be interesting either way. What I'm interested in knowing, though, if time is not a tangible thing, then what exactly causes gravity. As far as I understand it, without time, gravity is still mysterious.

[@KibyNykraft]

See the article Mach.pdf ("Gravity and Mach's principle") from february 2012 for a starter, but yes there are some open questions. That does not mean there aren't decent attempts to resolve it. See also the video Relativity without Doppler effect by Lori Gardi (Fractal woman in KZbin), which is partially relevant.

[@KibyNykraft]

To assume that time is a mystical universal arrow force is just as pointless and outdated as believing that we need a god to be behind the evolution of organisms in nature

[@8897johnson]

I just love your videos

[@stevercarter5317]

I’ve been watching for some time. Mostly because I enjoy seeing you.

[@Kj16V]

Gonna discuss this with my boss when I'm inevitably late on my first day back to work.

[@josephososkie3029]

Yes. That’s a very good idea.

[@thepetyo]

You talk the language I understand. It is a rare today. Thanx.

[@altogethernow]

I’ve asked this elsewhere: does time assign a direction to gravity? In other words, is gravitational attraction a constant regardless of time’s arrow? In even more words, is the relation between time passage and gravitational strength reversed if time’s flow is reversed, or does this explain why entropy always increases regardless of time’s direction.

[@andregomesdasilva]

As far as I'm concerned, gravity is totally reversible in time, just as 99.9% +- 0.01% (just a joke) of the whole physics. What makes objects goes towards the center of mass instead of the opposite, is just a matter of probability (entropy). As the initial configuration has less entropy, the final configuration is extremely likely to be the center of masses going towards each other.

[@altogethernow]

@@andregomesdasilva thanks for engaging. I suppose I'm imagining some fanciful outside force pushing time backward instead of seeing reversal as more of a statistical likelihood in an eternal universe cranking out chance events. That's probably where I'm going wrong.

[@andregomesdasilva]

@@altogethernow ok, if we try to explain it this way (external force), the general relativity would be a much better model. Gravity is not a force, it's actually the path that a particle will go though while moving in a certain reference. If you consider this, if I'm mistaken, a particle traveling though space will lose energy when interacting gravitationaly with another body (ie, it will lose energy while going though that gravitational field). Therefore, by moving towards the gravitational center of mass, the total workable energy will be reduced. Therefore, the entropy will increase. Now, consider that the particle is probably never under just one body's gravitational field influence: at any moment, lot's of different bodies will influence that particle. Considering the time doesn't exist as per itself, the only thing that remains is the multiple interactions of each body with the particle. The particle will be influenced by the body 1, then with the body 2 and so on. The final direction the particle will follow could be the highest probability among all possible directions, and each interaction, and the interactions will decrease the total workable energy at the end. But now again, this is a stupid explanation, because entropy is a macro phenomenon. You probably cannot use a single particle to describe entropy, it has to consider lots of particles interacting together. The statistical result will tell about the direction of time.

[@ThomasKundera]

I really appreciate your work, thanks for sharing. Anyhow, how could "time" be less real than "space" as space-time vectors are mixing space and time in SR and GR? Even if those theories are "approximations", that relation seems solid. So even if at a higher level time is non-existent, so are our 3D space dimensions (maybe being some mixing of other stuff?). But hard for me to think only time is out of that...

[@Justwantahover]

Without time, space can't exist for very long.

[@gregmellott5715]

This is likely how this got started in this science. Einstein stated that anything moving at the speed of light would cease to pass time. (A basic part of special relativity.) Anyway, from what I understand, all notable particles fail to actually reach lightspeed, short of light itself, which is deemed to be pure energy (emitted when an electron (usually) is releasing energy to when it moves energy to a lower-level orbit around a nucleus of an atom). The slower speed of particles makes sense, as it is likely that the energy in a particle needs to follow something of a self-interacting internal path to remain stable and persist as a particle. To better explain this let's notice the huge expansion of the universe that at first was in such a short period of time during the "Inflation Period" that was due to the fact that its contents was not only nearly pure energy, it was also at a very intense energy level as this also slows down time in that the rate that things can interact is much slower than in empty space. (Maxwell noted this before Einstein when studying electromagnetic energy emissions, and put a factor in his formulas to address it. This effect parallels gravity's behavior and may be the cause of its existence. Though it was only relating to the pure energy nature of electromagnetic radiation.) Anyway, the new universe eventually started to generate lumpiness in its intensity that was effectively caused by what gravity lensing does. Where the energy gets apparently "bent" in its path when compare to an outside observer due to higher energy intensities on one place causing its relative speed to slow down part of the energy flow relative to the other next to it, yet farther away from that more intense area. When the lumpiness got strong enough it could eventually cause the formation of the basic particles needed for matter; since the flows near the very high intensities could cause the energy flows that cause a particle to exist that flow inward toward the intense area's center into a pattern that was (at least somewhat) stable enough to persist as a particle that our science can relate to. So, if one looks at what the source of this universe must be, assumably an intense point of pure energy. Therein, time is none existent. And similarly, all the energy that makes up what we can note, is some of that energy moving at the speed of light, though to be sustainably existing, it will need to have internal flows in a stable enough pattern to keep it held together. This is when time enters the scene. Since we now can note interactions between these particles and its larger conglomerations and use that to measurable how fast things relate to others. And then even use that to relate to situation we presently cannot see, and determine fairly accurately what state an interaction is in. Though it must be understood enough (and we have enough info on a prior state) for it to become predictable.

[@gregmellott5715]

For what it is worth, another factor gets in the mix when dealing with the speed of light. It has been noted by analyzing precise clocks orbiting in space that the speed of light is determined the most by the nearby mass. When it a low orbit the surface of the spinning earth has a stronger determination of light's speed that the earth as a whole. Thus, the propagation rate of gravity also gets effected. Frankly, this opens up a whole new question of how gravity escapes from a black hole. I have to suspect that there are internal turbulences inside the event horizon that can arise from the intense gravity there effecting the energy flows that are still lumpy enough to generate ~rips~ in the mass generating flows that come apart to generate mass generating flows that make paths for gravity to escape and others for stuff to be gathered up by the black hole. Anyway, I wonder how Hawking's radiation can get energy back up to the event horizon so it can get released. This process may happen due to the fact that gravity is generated due to high energy intensity areas which give out mass properties. When such an area meets the propagation of a gravity field it could be so attracted to its pull that it leaves behind area that are less intense, though still expressing mass. This process may have a whip tip like flow that throws that which is left behind in the opposite direction. This then gives a path for gravity to flow away from the black hole's center at a speed that is less than the general in-fall rate that is defined for the gravity of a black hole's noted mass. This effect could then propagate and generate something like a tube to the surface. [For some reason this is sounding like the description of the covering angel (=messenger) Lucifer in his Eden before he left his initial station and fell to (be?) earth (=firm). That also described a breast plate of precious stones for what that's worth. Imagination food at minimum, anyway.]

[@pietkraan1429]

Time is a measurement of change. Nothing more, nothing less. If nothing changes, there is no time.

[@johnmqueripel2367]

If nothing changes there is no existence, so I guess no time either.

[@pietkraan1429]

@@johnmqueripel2367 so we agree. Time is an interdependent technical means of measuring the longevity of change. Not the intensity.

[@pietkraan1429]

@@NeverStopRockingAQ dubito ergo sum

[@Skibbityboo0580]

Everybody already covered how awesome this channel is, and how great of a teacher she is, but can we all just take a moment to admire her fashion sense? This lady is always to the 9's!

[@misterphmpg8106]

why dont people ever comment on the looks of male scientists?

[@larryscott3982]

@@misterphmpg8106 Reasons

[@larryscott3982]

Whether it’s Chanel or blue jeans.

[@Skibbityboo0580]

@@misterphmpg8106 Lol, go visit the comment section on SpaceTime, there is plenty of that there too! Anyways, I was simply saying that she dressed very nice, and she does!

[@henrycgs]

@@misterphmpg8106 ikr? sabine gets a LOT of weirdos in the comments.

[@Robinson8491]

I discovered yesterday that time has an inversely proportional relationship to momentum: you could say one is the opposite of the other, or their mutual product is a constant You can figure this out by studying the gravitational blueshift of the photon and comparing it to a classical pendulum in the similar circumstances Still working on it

[@mfphonepics]

The more time I spend with Sabine the faster time travels!

[@pompeomagno5916]

Time is ticking away the moments that make up a dull day

[@lightfoot9485]

So you run and you run to catch up with the sun but its sinking!

[@hypothesesnonfingo8374]

@Julian P. *"you're older" *"Shorter of breath"

[@eraser9812]

I love you and your channel, you are the hero we need!

[@averybingham4108]

Every since I took thermodynamics I always felt there was a strong relationship between what we call time and entropy. One can never measure either "thing" only the difference from one state to another, and both quantities always increase. I have read arguments against the connection between time and entropy claiming that ultimately at local entropy can decrease but time will continue to move forward It seems more consistent to think of time as an analogy of a measure of net entropy. We can fool ourselves into thinking that if local entropy of a system decreases this proves it can't be related to what we call time since time never decrease, but the net entropy of the system always increases, and the entropy of all the particles involved in the process always increase as well meaning at the particle level time and entropy move in the same direction just like the closed system level. I guess I will have to read "The Janus Point" and see what Barbour thinks.

[@REDPUMPERNICKEL]

Me too.

[@gethnoble4316]

This is the only english-language youtube channel I watch, I love it!😊😊😊

[@NKernytskyy]

PROOF that Sabine is gorgeous: Nature is beautiful, physics is the language of nature, physics is beautiful. This woman is beautiful, this woman speaks physics. That makes physics twice as beautiful as nature. So this woman is twice as beautiful as any other woman. Hence, Sabine is gorgeous. Q. E. D.

[@digger411digger411]

That seems a bit circular.

[@NKernytskyy]

@@digger411digger411 when talking about women, logic typically vanishes

[@pokeman123451]

i cringe Q. E. D.

[@NuntiusLegis]

For me, part of her attractiveness is her seriousness, the denial to smile constantly, which women are trained to do in patriarchy.

[@digger411digger411]

Being a sapiophile, I am highly attracted to intelligent women. Geekiness is sexy to me. A pair of plastic-framed eyeglasses is to me what high heels are to most men. Talking about black holes and quantum entanglement is to me what talking dirty is to most men. Go figure.

[@ASLUHLUHCE]

Is it correct to say that time (and mass) emerge from timeless (and massless) particles/fields bumping around, resisting acceleration?

[@lsdap1969]

If they resist acceleration wouldn't it mean that they already have mass? And if they do they're already subject to the effects of the time dimension

[@MusicalRaichu]

I would have thought that to speak of acceleration already assumes time exists. If it "emerges", it does so because you've already assumed it.

[@naotamf1588]

yeah, also: the resistence they experience is proportional to the passage of time. this way the overall energy of the given system remains constant, due to friccion it divereges more into the time axis.

[@frankdimeglio8216]

@@lsdap1969 Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. TIME DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ("Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.) GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. (Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=MC2 IS F=ma.) "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense, AS BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand !!! (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=ma. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. The Earth is ALSO CLEARLY then E=MC2 AS F=ma ON BALANCE !!! GREAT !!! By Frank DiMeglio

[@sandbach7195]

i loved every second of this.

[@whatitmeans]

Recently I ask on mathstackexchange of examples of compact-supported functions on the time variable and it happen to be a really hard question: classicaly time is a parametrization on a 3D world (R^{n+1} way), but spacetime in Relativity gives works it like a 4th dimension (R^{n} way), and finally nobody find an example (only compact-supported functions in the space variable where given). Later, at least for scalar differential equations (1D), I find that no Lipschitz ODE could stand finite duration solutions (so no linear theory like QM will fit), so if I want to model something like everyday phenomema which has an Ending Time, no linear diff. eq. could work (think in the Euler's disk toy as example, sound tells you that indeed the disk have stop moving). As example, y'=sqrt(y), y(0)=1 will stand the finite duration solution y(t)=1/4 (2-t)^2 h(2-t) with h(t) the Heaviside step function, so indeed it becomes zero from its own dynamics and stays there forever after. Even so, sometimes finite duration solutions could rise from the diff. eq. of making the change of variable of taking the reciprocal of the solution of another diff. eq. that behaves like having finite time blow ups. So maybe all the confussion is because we are using the wrong modeling tools, since to having phenomena with ending times we must consider non-lipschitz differential equations.

[@artyomfomenko2232]

Hello, editor! Change in editing is noticeable. Apart from visual content, pacing has been changed significantly. It became waay too dense. Please add some pauses (up to 3-4 seconds at least). Preferably, after some of the crucial points to let them sink in Other than that, the improvements are great!

[@nomanvardag1]

Simple explanation of a complex question

[@omarbriones2453]

Hi, Professor Hossenfelder. Thanks for sharing the video. I think special relativity needs to be updated to include energy. The current equation does not include energy. I speculate "slower time" at the speed of light just means the photons, which move as a wave and are massless, expend less energy as they move through outer space, which is nearly a vacuum, and thereby take "less time" to get to a destination than larger objects that do not behave as wave functions do. That is, although the mathematics say time is slower at the speed of light, I think the interpretation needs to include the change in energy of the photon as it travels from one point to another. So, in my opinion, the "slower time" is due to the photon having to expend less energy to get through spacetime than other, non-wave function objects, do. In other words, one second, as measured by a clock, would not change under any circumstance in the universe, but a photon can move a farther distance in one second than other, non-wave function objects do. (I'm not a scientist of any kind.) Why didn't Einstein think about energy-space-time? Isn't it true that at each point in space-time, there's also energy? I wonder whether in quantum gravity, there's just energy-space, and in general relativity, there's just space-time. Maybe at the moment before the big bang, there was mostly energy-time because space was very small. I'm convinced that changes in time result from changes in energy, and energy is more fundamental than time. Without a change in energy, there's no change in time.

[@ianmclean5541]

“She blinded me…with SCIENCE!”

[@skydivekrazy76]

"Thanks for your time..." I'm not stoopid, I see what you did there?

[@larrygraham3377]

Thank you once again for wonderful discussion on the subject of time. I believe that the reason its difficult to define what time is ... is because we are trying to define it in terms of itself !!! All of us need to start thinking outside of the box before we are able to see the forest and the trees instead of not being able to see the forest because of the trees.

[@lysergidedaydream5970]

"when did time begin" Well, uh, it Yeah

[@vhawk1951kl]

Do you understand that to "define" is to limit? Can you limit time? Less "about" time how do you *experience* time *Now* how are you experiencing time that is not something about which you need to chatter like a monkey or dream as if you were some dreamer? This from the organ grinder- not the monkey typing this: Time is Breath. True, not true, find out for yourself ;never take anything from anyone.I experience myself here, now can I get away from breath? - you tell me- Is it only this breath or is it the next breath? - Find out for yourself.How to experience it *completely* without words no inside words no outside words no words at all? Can you keep the dreaming machine still(Absolutely silent)? that is a matter of fact for you, is it not?

[@Scapeonomics]

I've heard time best explained as the dimension that you must traverse to convert potential into action (and vice-versa). There must be a smallest increment of time, a "tick-rate" of the universe, and by this reasoning, a discrete, quantized distance over which you can travel in a quantum of time.

[@schmetterling4477]

Why are you telling us that your hearing is bad? We don't care. ;-)