Colonizing Red Dwarfs

[@necrosunderground]

"Look, I'm trying to navigate at faster than the speed of light, which means that before you see something, you've already passed through it. Even with an IQ of 6000, it's still brown-trousers time."- Holly

[@UpperDarbyDetailing]

Incorrect, because the light is traveling toward you.

[@robertkarnick1286]

Interesting how, based on these numbers, the galactic community could closely resemble the way populations are distributed on earth today. Small, low-power settlements (red dwarfs) far outnumber bigger ones, but high-density cities (supermassive stars) still make up the majority of the population.

[@feynstein1004]

Only because of the Industrial Revolution tho. Before that, 80 - 90% of the people lived in rural areas. In undeveloped countries they still do.

[@TheHiddenMarty]

Id love to see how colonizing Brown Dwarfs and also Blanets would look like.

[@davidroddini1512]

Definitely, I hope that one of his patrons suggests it!

[@dravendavis8338]

Blanets? What are those?

[@TheHiddenMarty]

@@dravendavis8338 basically planets orbiting black holes

[@AuntyProton]

Seconded, for brown dwarves. I'm participating in NanoWriMo this year, my main setting is a brown dwarf system.

[@gzbd0118]

Brown Dwarf colonies are a major feature in Karl Schroeder's novel Permance.

[@skynet5828]

Red dwarf civilizations: "I live long, but dim!" Giant star civilizations: "I live short, but bright!" Meanwhile the Black hole civilizations are laughing in the distance...

[@natehigman3987]

And said laugh takes 100 million years to complete.

[@stefanr8232]

You can keep your m-dwarf civilization on a shelf in the petting zoo. However, we will be tossing the M-star into the O-star to keep it shining longer..

[@IONATVS]

@@stefanr8232 if you want to extend the life of your giant star, you’ll have more luck starlifting out all the metals (using the astrophysics definition, ie everything that isn’t H or He) that harm its fuel efficiency and slowly poison it until fusion collapses. And that way you get all those materials for building your dyson swarm too. go ahead and grab some M-stars and pour their hydrogen into the gas tank too, but if you’re just letting the star’s fuel mix get progressively dirtier, a little more of it ain’t gonna have the chance to actually burn before the engine gums itself up and explodes.

[@johnyoung8577]

Or could use brute force to spin up these worlds, delay the locking or bump it up to higher resonance ratios. Ancient astronomers might have liked a clean integer ratio btw day, month and year and maybe precession cycle and throw in pi = 3 for good measure. Just look at clocks & angle measurement units to see what I mean. All these natural unit ratios are irritatingly decimated. Rings could also add effects. Also stellar flares would likely be more numerous and energetic but there are possible countermeasures. Stephen Baxter’s Proxima is set on one of these interesting places.

[@josephburchanowski4636]

Birch planets are the best "planets".

[@Beamer1969]

So in most future colonies Superman is powerless.

[@69Kazeshini]

Humans>>>kryptonians. lex luthor was right

[@davien001]

Your science realism and sci fi topics does make one hopeful and forget the problems of the day, thank you.

[@kingali1606]

Last time I was this early we were just Cosmic Background Radiation

[@Amadeus8484]

"Nobody colonizes a Dwarf!" -Gimli.

[@volcryndarkstar]

What about colonizing a friend?

[@Amadeus8484]

@@volcryndarkstar Aye, I could do that.

[@s.g.3898]

Well played lads, well played

[@Amadeus8484]

@@s.g.3898 NOT THE BEARD!

[@baltictramp9451]

What about fleas?

[@theOrionsarms]

A little bit disappointed, not a single mention manipulation of superflares, because red dwarf produces intense flares and we need to do something with them.

[@massimookissed1023]

Some do. Some seem to be quite quiet.

[@theOrionsarms]

@@massimookissed1023probably those that seems to be quiet don't flare in our direction, point is,if you move in the tornado alley you need to have a plan of dealing with them,if your planning collonize red dwarf, make something about those nasty flares, something useful preferably not only a emergency shelter.

[@Zarcondeegrissom]

yeah, another reason for an array of spectrum specific mirrors in various Lagrange points. was mentioned eons ago in one of the colonizing episodes. oh, also wasn't red star a broad term for many kinds of stars old and young, hmm, need to rewatch this vid. I could think of 2 simple reasons red stars could be 'quiet', however, I think it's down to earthbound observations so far and as Isaac pointed out lack of time-tested understanding of them. I doubt it's due to any specific quiet 'artificial' red star that's actively being maintained (heavy stuff star lifted out as fresh stuff is put back in, thus keeping it on an anti-flair leash of sorts), or a ring of many orbiting special partial spectrum mirrors reflecting the bad stuff away from the orbital habitats and planets around that star (potentially deflecting flairs away from earth observation by confidence possibly).

[@theOrionsarms]

@@Zarcondeegrissom stelar flares do not occur in the rotational axis of a star (polar region), so if a star is aligned with one poles in our direction we have the impression that doesn't flare or that a flare is more weaker than it is in reality , but the idea of shielding a entire stars neighborhood from flares is a brute force approach, I think that would be preferable manipulation of the magnetic field lines in such way that the flares can occur only in a direction where is no planet or something else that can be damaged, and if you can control where it happens you can use that energy in a practical purpose.

[@TechnoMinarchist]

You just gotta give them lots of gold and not talk about how short they are.

[@colonelgraff9198]

The last time I was this early Red Dwarf was on BBC

[@KillAllCops88]

Great minds. I'm only 30 so I caught it in on Netflix

[@rojaws1183]

@@KillAllCops88 You are never too young or old to appreciate Red Dwarf and Isaac Arthur.

[@jimmywrangles]

Last time I was this late the BBC was on a red dwarf...see what I did there?

[@gantulgaganhuyag717]

Hey man, just came by to tell i admire you! I recently heard on one of your videos that you said you had speech impairment in response to comments both good and mean. Just want you to know that you are a great soul and i really really like to put your and John’s event horizon videos just before i go to sleep! Very informative and curiosity provoking topics very imaginative! One of my daughters is slightly speech impaired and called names in class, i showed her your videos and she really like your smooth speech and making the impairment even as an advantage! She is much more positive now and working on her speech case! Thank you Isaac your long time although silent subscriber!

[@raidermaxx2324]

hey bud! just wanted to let you in on a relatively little known youtube secret~ if you are trying to have a comment "seen" or read by the channel's creator, and its sizable channel with alot of comments and subs, if you put a hashtag at the end of your comment, for example- #silentsubscriber or whatever it can be anythhing, that hashtag will "float" the comment to the top of the pile, when a creator is reading his\her own comment section for a video they uploaded.. so maybe if you wanted to let him know or someone in the future, something thats important to you, and you wanna make sure they see it, hashtag all day, just like twitter lol.. anyways take care, and tell your daughter she's awesome and can one day be an inspiration to other people's kids herself, if she stays positive and keeps rolling.. peace! #hashtags4thawin

[@gantulgaganhuyag717]

@@raidermaxx2324 Thanks man!

[@elilastnamington9808]

The one we’ve all been waiting for

[@Rose_Harmonic]

The Thursday one!

[@annoyed707]

This 'dwarf' episode still only counts as one.

[@matthewcote4991]

Finally!

[@maan7715]

Best way to do is let a cat on it evolve into an intelligent humanoid species. Seen it in a long running BBC documentary!

[@Splaccemttv]

Cann you go more into detail or list the documentary youve peaked my interest 😂

[@kungfuchimp5788]

😆😆😆👍

[@Drew_McTygue]

@@Splaccemttv he's referring to the show red dwarf. The red dwarf is a ship, the cats that lived on it evolved over the course of 3,000,000 (I think that's the right time period) into a human that roller skates around the ship and acta like james brown

[@_Muzolf]

Fun fun fun, on the sun sun sun.

[@19mazze81]

Sorry but cats are purrfect and they have reached purrfection and will not/can't evolve any further 😸

[@Glasher1]

You can skip to 22:00 for the actual "Colonizing Red Dwarfs" portion of the episode, unless there is going to be a part 2.

[@Drew_McTygue]

Fascinating topic! The stars that burn the longest. Red Dwarf is also a hilarious show

[@KaawSauce]

Living around a red dwarf star sounds smegging awful.

[@gudmunduringigudmundsson9287]

Red Dwarf is my favorite tv show. I'm hoping they make more series.

[@davidmurphy563]

It's cold outside Theres no kind of atmosphere I'm all alone, more or less...

[@Ag3nt0fCha0s]

...goldfish shoals nibbling on my toes...

[@andrewashby70]

... fun, fun, fun! In the sun, sun sun!

[@BlizzardofKnives]

Beat me to it :p .

[@harrislive5079]

It's a Smegging Garbage Pod!

[@DrewBorrowdale]

damn it i came here to do just this lol

[@themoxcast]

"Don't give me the Star Trek crap Kryten, it's too early in the morning..."

Isaac has yet to answer the important question, is there a Silicon Heaven?

[@ReddwarfIV]

Of course there is. If there wasn't, then where would all the calculators go?

[@VainerCactus0]

I came looking for Red Dwarf references :)

[@leokrupp4442]

*_G a z p a c h o s o u p ! ? !_*

[@davidweikle9921]

I love listening to the latest episodes of SFIA after a 12 hour night shift.

[@jaywaii3187]

Checking comments for jokes about a certain BBC sci-fi comedy. Was not disappointed.

[@harrislive5079]

I wonder if Isaac Arthur is a fan

[@VainerCactus0]

@@harrislive5079 Either call him a smeghead or say something about smoking kippers and see what happens.

[@stevenpilling3773]

I've been fascinated with these stars for a long time. From Stephen Dole's classic book from the Sixties, I learned that rotating diurnal planets are possible around stars of type M2 and upwards. (That means that Lalande 21185 is a possible target!). However, the vast preponderance of M dwarf planets would necessarily be tidal locked. From studies of stars like Trappist 1, it becomes evident that these solar systems tend to be very compressed, allowing for multiple worlds orbiting with stability in the thin life zones. This is because they are so deeply imbedded in their star's gravity well. For that same reason, moons should not be expected. If a living world is tidally locked, it would experience a perpetual hurricane at its "sun pole" and windy conditions as a rule as cold air was drawn from over the terminator. Nor would such worlds have perpetual daylight. The sunlight is so weak that an overcast could create an effective nighttime. Thus, there would be periods of darkness, only at irregular intervals! The greatest challenge to such planets would be solar flares. While the likelihood of a planet taking a direct hit from one is relatively small, it would invariably happen over time. Defending such a world from such incidents would be a prime concern for any colonists. For myself, I think that most of these planets will be deserts with little air and heavy icecaps on their farsides. Extensive reclamation efforts will probably be necessary for even the best of them. But, as you mentioned, there are so many of them that they can't be ignored. Planets of the small stars will serve as the "whistle stops" for commerce between the larger and richer suns with better worlds and resources.

[@christophercarr5865]

I like this setup: A red dwarf with a brown dwarf orbiting in the habitable zone, and another brown dwarf a bit farther out. The habitable-zone BD has a roughly Earth-mass moon. The second brown dwarf ought to provide a civilization with plenty of building mass.

[@yakarotsennin3115]

There's a Sci-Fi novel called Coyote where life is found on a moon of a Gas Giant. I wouldn't see it as far fetched to think that possible for Brown Dwarfs to have planets. In your setup though, it sounds like that habitable moons is going to be quite warm since Brown Dwarfs emit light as well as Red Dwarfs. Research indicates that some Brown Dwarfs emit Red/Infrared light until they cool more. Would be interesting to see the characteristics required to make such habitable moons possible.

[@Dampfaeus]

Me: Hears the word "Mass Effect" Also Me: alright, time to prepare for our Reaper Overlords \o/

[@rommdan2716]

Oh no!! The Vorcha have been adoctrinated!!!

[@daltoncook209]

I could easily see a series set on an oceanic tidal locked world with moving seasteads just sailing in and out of the dark and night sides for some kind of day night cycle. Not terribly practical but possible

[@Rose_Harmonic]

About that last comment, I'd expect civs around large stars to conduct star lifting to extend the life of their star and possibly use that mass to either use fusion to heat their distant worlds that would otherwise cool down over time, or to make new red dwarfs to create additional habitable zones in a newly made multistar system.

[@stefanr8232]

Lifting off of large stars would make their life shorter.

[@Rose_Harmonic]

@@stefanr8232 One of his first videos is about star lifting. Aside from gaining huge amounts of mass to work with, you also increase the star's life if you leave it enough hydrogen to work with.

[@yakarotsennin3115]

@@stefanr8232 PhiliChez is correct, Star lifting decreases the star's mass, thus slowing the rate of fusion. The slowed rate of fusion leads to a longer lasting star, with Red Dwarfs lasting so long because they are fully convective so all hydrogen in the star is available to the core (where fusion takes place). Stars that have radiation zones do not have access to the hydrogen in the outer layers, significantly shorting their lifespans.

[@abnormica]

Ah Covid time. I can't tell you how often I've seen a new Isaac Arthur link pop up and think "oh yeah - it's Thursday!"

[@mastring1966]

I would wonder what the effect of the radiation from the red dwarfs seeing as how all the planets would be very close to them.

[@michaelault7389]

I had wondered that as well, aren't these types of stars known for emitting really hard X and Gamma rays?

[@therealanyaku]

Love that you are putting down the "they'll all be tidally locked" mantra.

[@MartinCHorowitz]

I was expecting the first in a series of shows on how to colonize British Sci Fi, this was totally different.....

[@s4098429]

It would have been nice if you discussed thermal convection systems while examining ‘eyeball’ worlds. Venus is almost tidally locked yet it’s dayside and nightside have the same temperature; it’s thick atmosphere moves heat from one side to the other. I wonder if a global ocean, or a thick atmosphere, can move heat around an eyeball world so that the dark side doesn’t freeze.

[@SkylerLinux]

I mean sure if you want to live on a rock, but I'm pretty sure if we're to colonise Dwarf suns we'd do it in spacestations. So it don't matter about habitable zones or tidal planets. However that said, you video was way more in depth than I've ever seen. The bit about the elliptical orbits was amazing, and the first time I've heard that.

[@annoyed707]

Nebula's content is not to be confused with nebulous content.

[@PeterSwinkels]

What do you consider to be nebulous content?

[@itsover9008]

@@PeterSwinkels How to basic?

[@murderedcarrot9684]

Maybe it is possible red dwarves host planets with a spin and either a different core that produces a stronger shield so it’s atmosphere can survive the stars activity.

[@peterxyz3541]

Forgive the joke Red Dwarf (BBC) joke: this is the SMEGgiest episode so far!

[@jamie59685]

I really like how you linked a future episode and a date, to a future episode coming up. That made me excited for the upcoming Feb show. I'd make it a regular feature personally

[@CreativeWorkflowHack]

I am so happy your channel exists :'(

[@david_martin_per]

"Dyson Swarm up!" as a motivation motto.

[@cyborghobo9717]

What if internal friction created by tidal forces depends on density of planet ? So there is a chanse to find not tidally locked planet around red dwarf .

[@Pyxis10]

It may be white light, but it will light things differently, throwing the shades of color around you off somewhat. Tidal locking also works in reverse if the sattelite orbits faster than the primary spins. The biggest problem I've got is the pre main seqeunce problem. Red dwarves are hotter in the pre main seqeunce than on the main sequence, for about a billion years the qater would boil off before it calms down. Leaving a 1000 bar atmosphere of mostly oxygen. I've also red arxiv articles stating that it at least plausible for oceans to distribute heat in such a way that it could keep the water from all freezing on one side.

[@andrewvanmeter7377]

Love your channel. I have watched all your videos

[@emmanuelgoldstein319]

tidally locked planets might make for great heat engines

[@mxv456]

Awesome that you went through the tidal locking formula! Explains a lot of things I've always been confused about

[@ghytd766]

Dude, you are a bit of a HERO to me. LOVE your channel. I originally clicked on the "how to inhabit the sun" expecting to get some cheap entertainment but wow, was I wrong....all laws of physics remained intact ! This is simply great science, and great thinking. Wish I had people like you to talk to, I'm stuck in a social circle where people think the universe is 6000 years old and dinosaurs floated on an ark 4000 years ago in a world wide flood.

[@technologicalsingularitywi7734]

Year 2120 type 1 civilization Year 3100 type 2 civilization Year 3156 very first interstellar colony Year 1,000,000 type 3 civilization Year 1,000,057 colonization of Andromeda galaxy Year 1,000,528 matrioshka Brain

[@stefanr8232]

Andromeda galaxy is 2.5 million light years away from Milky Way.

[@andrewsartscalemodels]

Love your videos mate. I have learnt so much. Please keep them coming!

[@wcollins7557]

This is my favorite type of SFIA episode. Hard facts and science about an interesting topic, delivered in about 1/1000th of the time it would take me to struggle through researching it by myself. When I am ambitious, I can pause the video, look up formulas that I haven't used since high school physics, and work out for myself some of the stuff that Isaac has explained. This level of understanding will never let me do the work of a degreed professional, but it feels good to actually understand something for myself. I have met a lot of people that seem 100% dependent on other people telling them what to think about any human endeavor that relies on science and engineering, and I am thankful not to be in that position.

[@empxthy1831]

I’m new here and I hope you know I will be falling asleep to everyone of your videos becuase nice voice and good things to talk about

[@Shuhister]

This is weird... How he could make a video about red dwaf's planets and not mention a Trappist 1 system at least once? Most of his talks are speculation but we definitely know something about red dwarfs's systems...

[@sab1751]

Another very stimulating episode. Thanks team SFIA. I must say that the binary planet around a red dwarf is a very thought provoking concept I had not thought of in terms of providing a more more earth like environment around a red dwarf. I find emsuch cool storytelling ideas when I come here. And that's on top of all the cool science and knowledge.

[@badrabbit957]

Loved it Isaac! Very interesting as always :)

[@charlesjmouse]

Always excellent, thank you. An issue with planets that doesn't seem to come up much is in relation to their intrinsic longevity. As a rough guess our planet has about 500 million years of habitability left before the sun cooks it and so it is assumed orbiting a more long lived star would be better... ...but it also happens that our planet's tectonic activity will probably grind to a halt in about 500 million years as it cools, and we'll likely loose our magnetosphere around the same time for the same reason. The loss of either of these processes will likely render the planet uninhabitable regardless of what the Sun happens to be doing and the same would be true of a similar planet orbiting a red dwarf. Smaller planets would be worse off, Mars, and larger ones may take longer to reach the same fate but in comparison to the life of a star not by much. It's also debatable if a rocky planet significantly bigger than Earth would be that suitable for our kind of life anyway. About 5bn years would seem to be the upper limit of habitability for any planet, regardless. I'm afraid I don't count 'artificial' habitats as being a long-term option as they will always rely on maintenance, which itself relies on maintainers, which by definition can only ever be a fleeting occurrence. In a nut-shell the kind of star a planet orbits is of little to no significance as long as it's benign enough. That leaves us with G and maybe K-type stars as our only reasonable option... at least until discovery finds the holes in our theory.

[@danielpirela1225]

Praise the Red Sun! Isaac Arthur and savior is here!

[@vincentcleaver1925]

Covered a lot of territory! Including busting up red dwarfs by convection; been a while since we covered defining and *redefining* as opposed to drilling down on something we've already looked over a few years back...

[@huzash6977]

I'm writing a book about a civilization around a red dwarf, as I assume they would be potentially the longest lasting civilisations, and this was very helpful.

[@cwdiode4521]

We did winter on Venus, springtime on Mars, and summer on Jupiter. What about autumn?

[@CubicApocalypse128]

Maybe Autumn on Earth: Undoing Climate Change

[@fluffysheap]

Autumn on Earth would be the far future where Earth loses its ability to support life. A sad episode but one that deserves to be covered. And hopefully we'll be able to prevent it by then (terraforming techniques up to and including moving the whole planet!)

[@MrMonkeybat]

The biggest challenge might be that Red Dwarfs as far as I know are all variable stars. With unpredictable flare periods when they become much brighter emitting more radiation. I have read contradictory articles about this some saying that the flares are intense enough to sterilize a habitable zone planets surface with radiation and strip away its atmosphere with solar wind. Other papers saying that the flare radiation is just powerful enough to help build up the Ozone layer so its no problem you can sunbathe during a flare. Orange dwarf stars are big enough to be stable though but still with a lot less UV than the sun so an ideal place for carriers of the ginger gene like me to settle. But maybe a negative consequence of less UV might be that things left outside get mouldy more.

[@sneakyking]

If this does not have a smeg head reference I am gonna get mad.

[@KarlRosner]

Another great episode, thanks! Just a thought, I doubt any modern organic style human civilizations will ever really care about longevity of stars when planning ahead. That kind of forward thinking only would apply to immortals who wanted to last until heat death or damn near close. I guess that if you were determined enough a red dwarf could give you enough time to research possible ways around heat death, build a few thousand long term research civilizations around those stars and break up the work between them. That way you maximize 'Eureka ' moments and provide peer review.

[@EvelynNdenial]

im betting bio-humans get outnumbered by uploaded and AI people pretty quickly once the tech is there. faster to copy AI's and they live longer too so bio populations just wouldn't keep up not to mention the other advantages digital beings would have that would lead to their success on proliferation.

[@toomin2316]

Could tidally locked planets still have plate tectonics?

[@mpetersen6]

Good question. I think it would depend a lot on just how large the terrestrial planet is. Venus is almost the size of Earth and I think that school is still out on whether it has Plate Tectonics as we currently understand it. But Venus does have or seem to have another possible means by which it is shedding interior heat. These are the large carona structures which would seem to be similiar to Earths Large Igneous Zones. And if these coronas are linked to Mantle Plumes and the crustal plates shift around then it would seem that there should be chains of eruptive zones ala the Hawaii Islands.

[@kungfuchimp5788]

Excellent start to Thursday morning.

[@seraphina985]

Having an atmosphere and an ocean would presumably not only delay the tidal locking but help to moderate the extremes even if the days were fairly lengthy also. Such a planet would have a significant amount of fluid one of which namely the water boasting a high heat capacity and a high enthalpy of vaporization. Which makes it rather handy for absorbing lots of heat and dumping it elsewhere. We see this on our own planet temperatures tend to be a lot more moderate in areas close to the ocean which are not too arid as a result of terrain or similar getting in the way than in inland or arid areas of the same latitude. Both from the warm surface currents and the fact that humid air dumps a ton of heat as it begins to cool too due to the condensation of water vapor.

[@IC1101-Capinatator]

Orange Dwarfs are where it’s at! Perfect for planets,and they’re long living stars! (Also,add a gas giant to the system for asteroid protection)

[@tobyweston-author9034]

really enjoyed this one, loads of info! thanks for keeping the top quality content coming!

[@baroqueguitarist5673]

If you put the "that's all folks" skit looney tunes ends there cartoon with randomly at the end of a video it would be so funny. Love your work, your voice and subscribed. All the best

[@andrewfox4789]

RIMMER: So, Kryten, you've heard of this "Inquisitor"? KRYTEN: Only as a myth; a dark fable; a horror tale, told across the flickering embers of a midnight fire, wherever hardened space dogs gather to drink fermented vegetable products and compete in tales of blood-chilling terror!! RIMMER: A simple "yes" would have sufficed.

[@tariqahmad1371]

At least I know what stars I can use for a long lived matryoshka brain. ALL HAIL THE GOD COMPUTER!!!!!!

[@C104-k5m]

The last time I was this early Helium wasn't a thing

[@727Phoenix]

The instant I saw the title my brain generated an image of an asteroid with newly-arrived ruddy faced little astronauts setting out to build their new world :-/

[@ColdHawk]

That makes me think of the movie Phantasm...

[@727Phoenix]

Angus Scrimm and his dwarf army on Eros433 awaiting the arrival of NASA astronauts... Hmm, a sequel would need to resurrection Angus as a biomechanical horror. Doable.

[@jonathanhensley6141]

We need a series dealing with Dyson swarms living around other stars

[@traitorjoe8778]

Red Dwarves could be a good NPC edition to one's Isaac Arthur based D&D campaign.

[@goatkiller666]

I'm not sure if this question is exactly related to this video's topic, but watching the video prompted me to think of the question. So, here goes: If we assume we are up in the K2 range, at least, and can reasonably consider doing large-scale star-lifting projects. An since red dwarfs are going to outlive larger stars by trillions of years. Let's explore the feasibility of taking a yellow dwarf star and starlifting all of it's mass to a series of red dwarfs. A cluster of red dwarfs comprised of what was once Sol could remain pretty close together (the two alpha centauri and proxima centauri trinary system is an example... where the distance between the starts is measured in AU and not light years). I don't know about the population density question.... would it be better for humanity (measured in number of humans, maybe not quality of living) to be concentrated around the few yellow dwarfs instead of the many red dwarfs? But if we're already speculating on how "life" might continue around iron stars in a nearly heat-dead unversel operating very slowl... is anyone looking into this? For all I know, siphoning off 40% of our sun's mass drops it below some threshold and it explodes because... some law of physics I don't grok. Thus, I'm asking here.

[@TheReaverOfDarkness]

That's a very cool idea! Perhaps a planet in an elliptical orbit around a class M star could be tidally locked and still generally temperate! I figure they would need a very strong magnetic field in order to hold a protective atmosphere on the scale of billions of years. Do you think it's possible for a planet like this to have a higher iron content than Earth? I had an idea a while back for an exotic habitable planet: it could orbit a star that doesn't warm it, or even be a rogue planet. But nearby is a supergiant or hypergiant star, bright enough to warm the planet. I think some of these stars can have habitable zones greater than 1% of a light year away, perhaps semi-stable stable for as much as a few million years. While that doesn't seem like a great distance, there are places where the stars are so close. Perhaps other bright light sources other than stars, such as globular clusters, could provide the light for a habitable planet.

[@sciencerscientifico310]

Planets in the liveable zones of red dwarf stars aren't necessarily tidally locked. They could have orbital resonances akin to that of Mercury or Venus, where the planets spin

[@SeminarChauffeur]

I wasn't interested in this topic at first because any habitable planet around a red dwarf would be tidally locked, until I learned that Mercury, despite its proximity to the Sun is not tidally locked, and apparently its rotation is influenced by Venus. So yeah, now I am interested if there could be a similar arrangement of planets somewhere out there that could also force a tidally locked planet to spin.

[@bimblinghill]

I thought this was a particularly good episode. Great graphical explanations of tidal locking.

[@NielsC68]

Two minutes ago? I'll take it over two days any time. :)

[@louithrottler]

This dude reminds me of that Family Guy joke about how every idea possible has already been done by the Simpsons. Must be hard for other channels to come up with anything original to cover that Mr Arthur hasn't beaten them to already.

[@massimookissed1023]

That was a South Park episode. Then Butters points out that the Simpsons got _their_ ideas from the Twilight Zone.

[@louithrottler]

@@massimookissed1023 I'm sure that's as you say but it's been a running joke on Family Guy over the years too

[@ZephLodwick]

The twelve dislikes come from life around red dwarfs who don't want their planet colonised.

[@Paul-tr8bk]

New here someone mentioned this channel in Anton Petrov's comment section. I'm assuming the dislikes are for his speak impediment. It's really jarring to listen to him talk like that but, I'm trying to give him a chance

[@mikeoxsmal8022]

@@Paul-tr8bk Disliking a video because the creator has a.speech impediment is very dickish ,if you struggle to watch because of the speech impediment don't watch it

[@alfredsutton7233]

Wonderful program Issac. Thank you for your continuing contributions, educating and entertaining me every Thursday. ❤️❤️❤️

[@RodrigoTechador]

Is there any theoretical way under known physics to overcome tidal locking, thereby making a planet more hospitable to life?

[@virutech32]

yeah u can either brute force the spin issue by putting thrustors or lights sails on atlas pillars or an orbital ring. but its probably just easier to use a swarm of mirrors to keep the planet evenly lit

[@ACoroa]

But Isaac, tidal locking is confusing because a planet can't be tidally locked to its moon and its star. How would this play out if the earth and the moon were in orbit around a red dwarf?

[@DecepticonLeader]

Definitely not first, definitely not last. ^_^

[@r0cketplumber]

If some worlds have a 3:2 resonance like our Mercury, they could have an extended biosphere but with two hot poles in the east and west where the sun lingers overhead at noon, in addition to the cold poles at north and south. Glaciers pushing from the north and south might drain into living lands in the middle, then onto the hot salt flats where the rivers would boil dry.

[@VincentNajger1]

Did anyone else have the trumpet intro to 'Red Dwarf' play in their head when they saw the Notification drop?

[@massimookissed1023]

Well I do now!

[@johncnorris]

I'm curious if there are theories about how a Teraforming civilization might be able to alter the angular velocity of a planet to better meet the needs of the biosphere and solar energy production without ripping the planet or moon apart in the process.

[@virutech32]

spin isnt really necessary for planets to stay livable. you can just use a swarm of mirrors to evenly light n heat the place but if you really wanted you could always just use regular thruster/solar sails attached to atlas pillars or an orbital ring to keep the place spinnin

[@Zebred2001]

Would it cause a diplomatic incident if, when we make contact with a civilization on a planet around such a star, our ambassador snickers when he finds it actually inhabited by red dwarves!

[@alan2here]

Red sun at night, shepherds blah blah, red sun in the morning too, you're colonising an exoplanet. It'd benefit from yellow/purple algae/slime living in the water bodies, and yellow/green foliage on land, just to balance things out a little. Yeah that'd be nice.

[@AlfredPotterGuitar]

I am so early! I have waited for this video topic. Love red dwarfs.

[@chunkydurango7841]

They love you back

[@Niggleblade1986]

Well done 🙄

[@daisiesofdoom]

Sometimes this channel would be more than I could ever ask if it had only the video and soundtrack.... But all that knowledge, all these visions Isaac brings to life here makes me believe that everything will turn out alright...

[@GiordanoBruno42]

Ooh this topic seems like it will be really important going forwards

[@marxug1]

Excellent point about the imagined and erroneous red lighting around red dwarf stars. This visual has long bothered me in space art and sci fi. Think incandescent light bulb, people!

[@eclipseslayer98]

For April Fools this year, I want a video where it's just the intro, and then the outro. That would be amusing.

[@Fox420]

nothing like falling asleep to the sound of funny voice science man tbh. keep up the good shit Isaac

[@timothy8428]

The light that burns half as bright burns twice as long.

[@Sonofdonald2024]

Before I start watching do you discover the lack of atmosphere on the planets and the likelihood of goldfish shoals?

[@Highlyskeptical]

Terminus should be set up around a red dwarf or black hole. Then use time to work on reversing entropy with a gaia-esque AI like in Asimov's "The Last Question", or go through black holes to white hole energy rich big bangs in another universe, adapting to its physics. Also save knowledge of humanity to shorten any future dark ages. And have adaptable begin to end of time Seldon plan, mind probes.

[@crazya3466]

Fabulous so let's find a close star and build some dyson bands around it for energy.. cA

[@kffire12]

Now this is shooting for the stars

[@thiagom8478]

I am tempted to make the obvious observation. One serious downside of those stars is that Superman will not have powers if his Kriptonian parents send him to us while we are living up there.

[@SockyNoob]

It'd be kinda hilarious if we could somehow push the solar system back when the sun becomes a red giant and then push it very close when it becomes a white dwarf lol.