It's Topical | Will the expansion of BRICS benefit Africa? | 20 August 2023

South Africa to host the 15th BRICS Summit on the 22nd to 24th of August 2023 in Sandton, Johannesburg. In studio tonight, we are joined by Minister of International Relations Dr Naledi Pandor, ISS Founder & Political Scientist Dr Jakkie Cilliers and the digital audience.
For more news, visit sabcnews.com and #SABCNews on all Social Media platforms.

[@PMZEEE]

The problem in africa is that when we say 'benefit', we mean handouts. Other countries mean trade when they say 'benefit'. Lets build products of trade, not a begging bowl.

[@jamludentertainment]

Well, not the South Afican Way

[@kennedy6618]

Africa should learn who are colonizers that vandalized, enslaved Africa for centuries! Value your real friends and stop being a puppet to the colonial power, Now Africa has the best chance to move forward to be an independent nation with help from BRICS NATIONS!

[@AndyFrostTheBoss]

we shouldn't be talking about only south African if African really need to make meaningful decisions we need to make it as whole Africa

[@svetlana7904]

Only UNITED Africa, completely agreeeeeee

[@johnbennett888]

African Development Bank should be part of the BRICS program

[@navneetparmar3632]

Brics have its own new development bank its biggest shareholders are china india and russia

[@kiaora7214]

No they shouldn't. The African development bank is ineffective.

[@kiaora7214]

@@navneetparmar3632 yes indeed, a more innovative option.

[@ntsikaphiri8211]

Brics is the future main challenge is who they bring on board 🇧🇷🇷🇺🇮🇳🇨🇳🇿🇦

[@lwandotame6325]

I'm always impressed by the courage of mam Naledi ever since she took on this challenge of representing our position in this transition

[@jonomozzy2169]

Its utter cowardice and complicity to not speak out about all the heavy corruption within her party and her own immediate structures.

[@jonomozzy2169]

THere is a mass of young south africans that are at record levels of illteracy, after her stint as head of education for all those years.. slow clap, so brave,.

[@lct9031]

Yeah I don't think you know how bad she was as minister of education and she has a degree in education but sheep will follow anyone blindly

[@mansorzainuddin5365]

say YES to BRICS

[@ramatgan1]

It is a great shame that President Putin was not in attendance. However, Naledi Pandor is a excellent foreign minister. South Africa should be proud. Watching from Somalia!

[@svetlana7904]

I am sorry but President Putin will be in a great danger and you know how much the world needs him at the moment... warm regards from sunny Macedonia dear friend, love your comment about the minister, an extraordinary man...

[@Ivan-tm9pd]

​@@svetlana7904😂 I'm actually impressed how a kgb killer manipulates the world in to believing he's thr savior. It reminds me of Trump doing the same in US. This will go down in the Manipulation 101 books.

[@TYRONE-jv6hy]

WE BLACKS IN THE USA, ARE HOPEFUL IT WILL BRING THE STANDARD OF LIVING FOR ALL OF AFRICA..."THE BLACK VETERAN FOR REAL JUSTICE ". B1

[@JP-fu4qv]

It won't you will become a slave to the Chinese

[@GrandSolarEclipse]

It will bring the standard of living up. We are at the end of rulership of our enslavers. Genesis 15:13-14 Then the LORD said to him, “Know for certain that for four hundred years your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own and that they will be enslaved and mistreated there. But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will come out with great possessions.

[@philipzaccheus8398]

Informative information for knowledge seekers one hopes THAT indeed seriously HISTORY should take A VERY OPEN CARD EUROPEANS HAD/HAVE VERY DOMINANT POSITIONS in trade, economy etc i.e. due to COLONIALISM,RACISM ,etc. So for knowledge seekers reflections on such is necessity.

[@shanaazcloete8531]

South Africa has been part of BRICs for 13 years. We still waiting for growth. We still doing most of our trade with the West, so much for BRICS.

[@TonYahu6704]

​@@shanaazcloete8531Patience brother, the west and its allies are doing everything in their power to stop BRICS from success. Tables will turn!

[@apontele6894]

Well come to❤❤❤❤❤ brics in Bangladesh

[@gurugantaal5782]

Abe Saale Bangali tu yaha kya Kar Raha hai 😂

[@lucilla5675]

May thes words spoken come to be fruitful and not one mouth will be left unfed.

[@bisrathabtemichael7375]

BRICS should be completely independent from any current international financial institutions. The investment of institutions like IMF will dilute its effectiveness in reducing the unfair and negative impacts the current financial institutions have on developing countries. We have suffered enough through their so called sanctions when trying to mind African affairs based on African culture and belief. Be completely independent.

[@navneetparmar3632]

BRICS is more like asian since its 30 trillion economy 18T chinese 4 T indian , 3.2 billion people 2.8 are indian and chinese and these two are biggest enemies of each other ,😂 Whats even future of this group

[@RicksPhatPharm-vw2lb]

"independent" = digital currency and "African culture" when there are Arabs and Christian nations on the continent. No BRICS is not the solution for South Africa, it's clear it's time for African culture to unite, so ask your brother's and sisters in USA,EU,Asia,Arabs states, South Africa & South America to go back to Central and North West Africa and demand that that Nigeria stops rejecting reunification. Then you can Join BRICS and do as you please on your piece of dirt, after be what South Africa looks like 30 years later. Africa has no say in what happens down south anymore! You blame Colonialism but Nigeria is part of the problem.

[@jahmala5336]

Dr. Naledi Pandor, thanks for always speaking out on behalf of the people of the world.

[@maseratifittipaldi]

As long as African leaders do not just sell raw materials to the larger BRICS partners - to enrich themselves and their cronies. We need to establish value-added industries. As far as South Africa is concerned, we should strive towards self-sufficiency. Education, training and de-politicization is at the centre of this.

[@nofalelias]

As long as they get fair prices for their raw matrial , why not ? also must not have an corrupt african goevrnments

[@juhantoon6524]

To this direction, as a start, KICK OUT the companies from the imperial colonist countries that are now operating in Africa.

[@xolisasukwinimangali6325]

And hiding millions on their couches and getting rid of the Cancer called Corruption simple as that

[@angrysocialjusticewarrior]

There is no such thing as self sufficiency in the world. There is no single country that has everything it needs, trade will always be integral to human survival.

[@angrysocialjusticewarrior]

@@juhantoon6524 Bad idea. That is like shooting yourself in the foot just to show your enemy that your gun is real. A better idea is to just renegotiate the relationship with those companies to make it more beneficial to the African country.

[@pastordalzell]

All African Leaders must come together and protect all of Africa's Assets. All the countries who has pillaged and those who keep pillaging the Continent must now be made to pay Royalty of 5% of their annual budgets. (Metaphysics)

[@SonOfTheSoil834]

Rediculous question indeed .If Brics itself benefit us and it’s expansion strengthen it ,then why it’s expansion wouldn’t benefit us 🤷🏾‍♂️

[@qinminwan5835]

United Africa will become super power and world factory probably in 300 years time. Africa continent is huge to get the act together is a BIG challenge but not impossible.

[@giftdeity7497]

South Africa is making big time History

[@romanussaal712]

My R100- 0000 exchange to US dollar will destroy the value of the Rand ...Makes me poor again ...What is that...Minister Pandor you are one of favourite Minister but please call a spade a spade the US dollar is creating poverty...

[@kenricwalters3424]

BRICS MUST CHARTER THE PART TO GO FORWARD AT ALL TIMES AND PARTS IN TIMES SIR BLESS,,

[@sibutabulelwa]

Informative thank you SABC

[@dalidalii9871]

Mama naledi panda deserve to be our next president period but exclude her self from thieves I can't help my self I love her so muchhhhhhh

[@lct9031]

and why do you think she will be a great president? Did she make the education system better when she was minister of education?

[@jessrealfortune6648]

Why because she sold us out to the Chinese and Russian. We must boycott the Chinese shops.

[@morrisdyer9560]

The expansion of BRICS will lower the cost of doing international trade within the block, since they don't have buy dollars. South Africa think that it needs the Western colonialist but it doesn't.

[@svetlana7904]

Lovely people, planet neeeeeeed you

[@johntipeti4597]

fantastic! this is what the world and most of its citizens want. a world of no racism but cooperation over confrontations. no petty squabbles of rubbish but advancement for all. true freedom for all peoples. the rejection of colonialism the rejection of unipolar hegemony. the rejection of backhanded blackmailing of sanctions and weaponization of the euro and us dollar. well done brics. great success for south africa as the host also!

[@MusaKokola]

Stand up together to make different decisions

[@user-jk1rg1lv1n]

درودبرشما دوستان خوب متشکرم ازلطف شما سپاسگزارم

[@clevelandbrown7176]

What goes around comes around America so glad petrol dollar is dead tired of this unfair currency

[@nomasontogumede7090]

I like what I am hearing forwardever and backwards never!! 👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾

[@arivaldomona8310]

But of course, BRICS is the future and a balance in all directions of the Entire Planet! My Mammy always says - One more Voice gives you the opportunity to know the both sides, and you'll always have an alternative from your with an extra!

[@georgekline513]

The QUAD is a security alliance of US, India, Japan and Australia. You ought to know that Minister.

[@vivekmehla9879]

Who misguided you that Quad is a security alliance?? It's just an economic alliance.

[@gurugantaal5782]

​@@vivekmehla9879True

[@juhantoon6524]

Hahaha...an economic alliance that talks about security, military exercise with no take on free trade agreement or tariff negotiation. Who are you kidding? LOL@@vivekmehla9879

[@rudolphmaziya9665]

Sophie tends to sound more like a government spokesperson than a journalist

[@svetlana7904]

This is historic program, well done and please, please keep promoting truth and honesty as the only way to freedom... so glad that I can comment, we, ordinary people in Australia, think migrants have no chance to comment because ALL media have turned off for comments living people totally voiceless and disrespected... Even ABS radio and TV stations that are meant to be voice for ordinary people, Aborigines and migrants are constantly TURNED OF for comments which is unseen SHAME

[@chickz-fm5sh]

Anything is everything #itsbetterthendoingnothing 🎉

[@sandralester9706]

I love the old America! Africa get all the evil ppl out of your continent. Africa can be the most powerful nation in the world stop letting the bullies run the world

[@amalikmakandal2636]

Viva the BRICS to chase the western vempires

[@zithulelesidwellntshudu7064]

Summits of this caliber must have significant impact on unemployment reduction through in investment

[@ramennaidoo162]

China has its footprints embedded deep in most African countries, as it is China holding one of its largest trade fare in South Africa. Chine will have to abide and play by the rules laid down without trading secretly with rogue countries in the African continent.

[@harshpatel7250]

That's exactly what India's problem is 😂 , he's dictator .

[@innocent4583]

Clear introduction Sophie Mokoena, veteran international journalist. the people get it 🙂

[@arivaldomona8310]

What's the order and the basic needs of Brics+ for other countries be added?

[@clementgavi7290]

'Will the expansion of BRICS benefit Africa?' Synergy in its anatomic sense, is the gathering of different cells for a commun objective, the fight against a disease. In this perspective, the expansion of BRICS can benefit Africa if expansion preserves the internal coherence and the vision of BRICS. For instance let's imagine an expanded BRICS where the participant members gather and consider the issues of fertiliser and cereals and tell themselves, they are in a world where often, too often millions in Africa face hunger crisis and decide to do something about in terms of proactive and reacive solutions. Imagine an expanded BRICS where its state members having looked at seas and oceans transformed by Africans fleeing despair, into graves and decided they will make BRICS an atmosphere of hope where human fulfilment for all is a sacred law. BRICS in this persepective can benefit Africa. If BRICS expanded becomes the idea of hospitals for children built in each country or in countries in need of such infrastructures and called it 'BRICS for blooming childhood', where a network of doctors from countries of BRICS chisel into practical reality, the ideals of the BRICS. Hospital for children in Congo, Zimbabwe, etc called BRICS for blooming childhood, will certainly benefit Africa. The expansion of BRICS benefit Africa, because they can make it a source of practical answers to problems, needs, requests of the peoples, in a genesis of mutual benevolence. Although they too may organize BRICS games from time to time, but not only excel in organizing games.

[@SH-bw5fx]

Someone tell me : Is the creation of an alternative economic platform to currently existing western dominated financial system a competition ?

[@maseratifittipaldi]

My feeling is that it is a political competition - where ego's play a large part.

[@smoothoperator9845]

It’s an alternate basket 🧺 of options. As the saying goes don’t put all your eggs 🪺 in one basket 🧺

[@katarinakrajna4911]

❤️👍👏

[@user-fy4em8tv6x]

Its huge pressure because you dont have control of the resources...In poloitics you have no friends or enemies, only interest ...

[@bisrathabtemichael7375]

I think it would be a big mistake if the expansion of BRICS and countries allowed in is not included in this meeting.

[@harbinger6562]

Hi Naledi Pandor🩵🇿🇦🌹👋

[@MrXolaX]

Brilliant episode

[@shondmichael1363]

To all of the African countries... Don't you get it yet? There is extreme political and economic power in the unification of Africans into one nation. A unified Africa would yield the largest influential control over BRICS and the world. You have the most material resources and human resources. Many of the common people support it. Your leaders and your military can literally change history for the next 2000 years overnight; if they have the courage.

[@Ivan-tm9pd]

That is really difficult to do. The only way is a major internal war like Mao Zedong did in China. All those tribes in Africa won't follow one leader. It will be the biggest achievement in human history if done without bloodshed.

[@christyag1177]

Haters hating against India and China won’t understand the ancient civilizations and delicate diplomacy these two countries have.

[@jonye7511]

That's why they are rivals in Asia competing against each other for economic influence in the surroundings countries.

[@thembimaseko9600]

Not haters per se will poverty be eradicated it's been ten years since South Africa joined Bricks.

[@irispillay2216]

And haters of Christians. They just burned 30 churches down and killed hundred of Christians in India. China must still take accountability for releasing the covid virus which killed millions of people. What are they planning next to depopulate the world. I think most people died in India and China. The countries with over a billion people each. What do we as South Africans have in common with countries that do not know how to spell freedom! And please keep us out of digital monetary systems. We are free to do with our money as we please.

[@SeeLasSee]

South Africa will require 5-10 years of demonstrated capacity to maintain order and a stable electricity supply before foreign investors will take chances. So the sooner the better.

[@liveinwisdom3610]

One of the top companies, in the world, Amazon, has just built a head quarter SA, which is the only head quarters, outside of America. You idiots just say anything, and parrot what you see on social media. Despite SA being a dumpster, is still get lots of foreign investment.

[@serogolemogole2685]

No i beg to differ, SA can fix most if not all of its energy supply problems in no more than 6-9 months, and that without the involvement of ipps

[@marabunya]

Lies. South Africa doesn't have energy problems. We have corruption problems. Remove the tender system and viola, Eskom is fixed over night!

[@smoothoperator9845]

What’s your quantitative analytical proof to affirm this stance?

[@sjaw100]

The foreign funded NGOs in S Africa are certainly very vibrant based on the loaded questions aimed at Minister Pandor! The refrain of common values get flagged all the time. What values? Hegemonic overthrow of legally elected governments, unilateral sanctions and closed-door arms-twisting frequent resorted to by the so-called beacon of Democracy or the Surveillance State that eavesdrop on foreign leadership unpunished!

[@nattyp7801]

Africa is the Future…….will have the largest economy in history.

[@alvinbingham999]

Education must be mandatory for the African youths. Build more institutions of learning for all Africans.

[@philipzaccheus8398]

Informative information for knowledge seekers by listening to the narratives ACTUAL enhencing knowledge far better in the end result.

[@philipzaccheus8398]

Informative information for knowledge seekers dares make one of the MOST important and serious DICHOTOMY is the to note Earth Planet is the new narratives divided into two Global Parts NORTH and SOUTH. The etymological DICHOTOMY historically defines the real colonial structures existing there cultures, languages etc are very EUROCENTRIC together without doubt bearing the former colonial Mighty Might.

[@bhekisibiya917]

May be BRICS is going to relieve us from shackles of rating agencies and AGGOA. This is the opportunity that global South can prioritize infrastructure development.

[@svetlana7904]

I hope aistralian ordinary people will wake up as well and join BRICS so corrupted government and war monger as american puppets and vassals will stop sacking our blood tooo

[@ayandasigxashe7198]

So no comment on BRICS currency or gold back BRICS currency 🤷‍♀️🤔?

[@chisomahamba379]

They are not the ones to make that decision, it’s the BRICS heads of states (officials) will make that decision and determination in the meeting whether it will happen now or later.

[@luyandasogayisedyandas2226]

Only when the action is taken to serve everyone equal in terms of high employment, basic services, equal and proper education for all that I will recognize the success of bricks summit

[@svetlana7904]

Will take decades but at least started:))) its amazing, beautiful suffering african people are waking up...

[@milomilo417]

SABC is subliminally focusing for a long time the foreign currency reserves of the BRICS in dollars. Stare at the figures now, later all those dollars will disappear, just like the buyers of American treasury bills are disappearing.

[@warrenevans2265]

Very intelligent

[@normantan7796]

Brics benefits the LGBT, as they adopted their colors on their logo. Well done. Who is the person choosing the colors and who approved the colorful LGBT logo?

[@user-gf2qj1wb6i]

Brics❤

[@Mufombi]

Watching from the terraces ready to laugh when this BRICS thing collapses.

[@qinminwan5835]

Next year I reckon BRICS will call as B11 . Therefore further expansion is only number change.

[@jonasavelinosouto4590]

Today with new members call BRICS +

[@deepaklangar6036]

QUAD consists of India USA Japan Australia, not Canada.

[@MrRollinsb]

Every where there is collaboration between Afrika, and the rest of the world. There is always problems with economic success. Who takes the lead, to make sure Black is given a fair share of the pie. This question is asked simply because of the state of many black communities across Afrika. The evidence is their state wide.

[@mnguninkosiyabo3216]

Clear development Program on Agri, infrastructure, Techonlogy, Scince & Innovative, Energy and Social Security

[@stewartclive9157]

Hong Hong Hong

[@warrenevans2265]

Leader

[@josejoaquim4928]

I am trying very hard to be optimistic about this BRICS 'thing', but, it's kinda hard China has being in the Africa continent for a while, there isn't that much tangibly development besides politicians of the countries in Africa dealing with China benefiting from this relationship with China (look at Angola,there is no tangible evidence of development by China,even though Angola,was China biggest investmentcountry Africa for few years nothing to show for it),BRICS countries are corrupt and not known for Human Rights,Democracy and rule of law, so, how can a sensible person expect any real tangible outcome this partnership for the people on the ground, I am fund it hard to be optimistic...

[@sugartem1]

Before this BRICS WE Afrikans need to come together and trade with our currency each of the 54 or 56 afrikan countries then we can talk about BRICS

[@HMMamunHossin-uh1eo]

Bangladesh want to join this group really is a great decision of world

[@neermalapillay8016]

People first especially young people jobs skills

[@felixantoineclaudemoracami1723]

My wife as a common SA citizen has been waiting for a document (apostile of birth certificate) from DIRCO for two years, is this normal? How many times should she have to travel to Pretoria for nothing?

[@maseratifittipaldi]

We tried to get a simple answer to a simple question from DIRCO for many months. Had an automated reply declare that their "data-base is full" . I don't know if this means they do not attend to their e-mails.

[@Bbb-ml4gb]

Common citizens how? I applied for my son last year it took less than a month it was out

[@thembimaseko9600]

Go back home why begging a falling country I wish I could know better and move somewhere.

[@thibz1910]

🌟Pandor,Black excellence

[@jonye7511]

Nice upper class british accent.

[@lct9031]

Are you happy with what she did with our education system when she was the minister of education?

[@user-jk1rg1lv1n]

درودبرشما

[@leeroysherratt881]

Scramble for Africa p2

[@polysporin8332]

If the resource wealth of African countries is not sifenend off to the west in unfair policies, then the continent can develop, industrialize and grow out poverty and move toward the middle class. The fastest growth of the middle class is in the global south , while it is shrinking in the west. BRICS Developing the global South just makes sense, as it will become the future markets.

[@user-bu4ow2he4w]

Brics!

[@dpndnipd1914]

Developing economies must ask themselves the question that how many countries have positively benefitted from IMF & Wolrd Banks loans??

[@harbinger6562]

I'll be back 🩵😇👋

[@shanaazcloete8531]

Why does Pandor and Ramaphosa act like we joined BRICs this weekend. SA has been in BRICS for 13 years, what have we achieved economically?.

[@SeeLasSee]

The BRICS group is a talk shop but it has two very important countries in China and India. Of course small and medium countries should try to join them since it offers a chance to be part of their the conversation. These countries typically join whatever groups that they can. The high growth shine of the 2000s has come off of all BRICS members with the exception of India. There will be no USD/Euro alternative currency. The member countries do not agree on a single monetary policy in any sense and they don’t even remotely share the same needs in monetary policy. Still I am happy RSA hosts this summit after years of pandemic. The world is changing fast, but not in the ways BRICS members or even the G7 imagine. Political classes have become ossified in most places.

[@kgapholasegadimanebethuel3873]

We are Russia and Russia is us, anyone who says anything to the contrary is out of his or her mind...

[@lgomomo]

This week the demon of imperialism will leave the African continent from Cape to Cairo😅😅😅 Amen RA!!!! A gift to the world...THOR will return...arise my people!!!😅😅😅

[@theresaobrien3909]

India & China uplifted themselves!! Why can’t AFRICA

[@HERRUTUTT]

NOTHING THESE POLITICIANS OR SO CALLED LEADERS DO WILL BENEFIT THE PEOPLE AT THE BOTTOM THE PEOPLE WHO NEED HELP THE MOST

[@Ivan-tm9pd]

True local governments are to blame for the slow progress of African countries

[@africanamerican466]

Why is no one from the black American community ever invited to global events when we have a trillion dollar plus economy of our own?

[@jrkr7357]

This is the school's exam question. Nobody can answer it ...

[@ThePhillyspade]

​@@jrkr7357I can, participate and be involved in politics in your own country first. When Obama ran and black people voted they flipped the democracy like no one havent seen since the 60's but he left and now yall all are back on black Twitter not paying attention or voting etc. We don't exist again but they profit from our trillion

[@AfricanNewsChannel987]

No leadership, plus the goal is to keep black america degenerate uneducated and ill informed. We have a trillion dollar buying power but who do blacks spend their money with?

[@dalidalii9871]

Thank corona and suction for bricks

[@TreyJones-kp9hk]

What are tangible benefits we have from bilateral relations with the Western Countries?

[@Aan_allein]

Nothing. Leave us with your anti-western block

[@thibz1910]

What are the tangible benefits we hv by having bilateral relationships with the west?tht should be your point of entry..

[@maseratifittipaldi]

Exactly. South Africa should be free to do business with anyone at anytime - not be restricted by "rules" of ego or pride.

[@judajuda5553]

More Over what voice do the Diaspora require to resonate this frequency of a seat at the table without any oppressors included with akwoledgment of colonialism ?!#&@9999.9

[@esahm373]

Unfortunately SA is the weakest economy (by far) within BRICS. If SA really wants to be relevant, they need to be more than just a junior partner of BRIC. SA needs to fix its own house first before entering the multilateral / international stage.

[@theresaobrien3909]

China competing with the US. Everyone likes to ride the back of the AFRICAN TO GET WHERE THEY WANT TO GO😭

[@stewartclive9157]

Which thieves will benefit?

[@cape2838]

Please improve your layout , it's very unprofessional. Guests put their bottle on the floor... Also the chairs and layout. Learn from international news channels such as al ja zeera or cgtn

[@lubowantate9922]

17:21

[@zimyouth2716]

Russia and China have been friends with Mugabe and now munangagwa i guess Zimbabwe benefited from the relationship.

[@michaelmhlanga9367]

I'm just imagining how it wil be pronounced when some members are added or it will be renamed from scratch 😂😂,,though it's a gud ldea to add some few members

[@hildahserame6700]

BRICS Plus. That's my suggestion.

[@emmewebbn4380]

*hong hong hong*

[@HERRUTUTT]

ALL THESE MOVES IN MY OPINION IS ABOUT WHO IS GOING TO CONTROL THE RESOURCES IN AFRICA AFRICA DOESNT BENEFIT FROM NOTHING THESE WARMONGER DO AFRICA HAS TO UNITE AS ONE COUNTRY OR CONTINENT AND MOVE AS ONE THEN WE CAN BECOME POWERFUL AND DEMAND RESPECT

[@Sky-dv8mj]

Mxm

[@maseratifittipaldi]

This is a praiseworthy sentiment, but first African leaders must get their own house in order. We also have some "warmongers", megalomaniacs, thieves, looters, flatheads and bullies as leaders. Leaders must first learn to respect the people.

[@ManteMumty]

Having resources without market is like having stock in your shop without customers. Demand and supply is basic pillars of economics

[@romanussaal712]

I dont know how much is $650-000 billion....