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The name Konark comes from the combination of the Sanskrit words Kona (corner or angle) and Ark (the sun). The Konark Sun Temple is a 13th-century Hindu temple, dedicated to the God of light “Sun”, “Surya”. Its shape is like a giant chariot. The temple is known for its exquisite stone carvings that cover the entire structure. Let’s learn some interesting facts about the Konark sun temple which will make you dive deeper into India’s rich history. Also, it will solve all your queries from “where is it” to “where the roots of its history lie”.
Recognized as “the Konark Sun Temple UNESCO World Heritage Site” since 1984, it is the best-known tourist destination in Orissa. Raja Narasinghs Deva-I of the Ganga Dynasty had built the Konark Sun Temple in the mid-13th century. The temple is unique in its architecture. It is the shape of a chariot with seven horses on 12 pairs of giant wheels. There are beautiful carvings on the wall of the main temple which form the Konark sun temple speciality. Then there is the Natya Mandap (a separate structure just in front of the temple). The Konark Temple is also famous as the “Black Pagoda”. The Konark sun temple statues which are carved out beautifully, fill you with a divine experience.
The Sun may be just a star to the world. However, in the Hindu, religion, Sun is worshipped as the god of light. Some of the people of other countries may find it silly or stupid. But there are a lot of reasons behind it. The sun is the source of light and heat. The plants need sunlight for the process of photosynthesis. Without the sun it is not possible to live for the plants. If the plants die, all the other living beings will die eventually. Our lives depend on him totally. Sanatana Dharma describes him as a resplendent standing person holding a lotus flower in both his hands, riding the chariot marshalled by the charioteer Aruna. The Konark temple is said to symbolize the passage of time, which is assumed to be governed by the Sun.
The Konark sun temple resembles the chariot of Surya (Arka), the sun, heavily decorated with stone carving. The Chariot has twelve pairs of elaborately decorated wheels, which make it a beautiful speciality of the Konark sun temple. The 24 elaborately carved stone wheels are nearly 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter. The huge chariot drawn by seven spirited horses. The seven sets of horses represent the seven days of the week. The seven horses are named after the seven meters of Sanskrit prosody: Gayatri, Brihati, Ushnih, Jagati, Trishtubha, Anushtubha, and Pankti. Meanwhile, the 12 pairs of wheels refer to the 12 months of the year.
In Hindu Vedic iconography, Surya rises in the east and travels rapidly across the sky in a chariot drawn by these seven horses. When viewed from inland during the dawn and sunrise, the chariot-shaped temple appears to emerge from the depths of the blue sea carrying the sun. These symbolic works with their deep meanings form the importance of the Konark sun temple.
Two giant lions guard the entrance of the temple. These life-size lions subduing elephants, elephants subduing demons, and horses. At the entrance of the temple stands a Nata Mandir, where the temple dancers performed homage to the god of light. All around the temple, various floral and geometric patterns decorate the walls. The Sun Temple is famous much for its imposing dimensions and faultless proportions as for the integration of architectural skill and almost life-like allegiance to the forms depicted. The Konark Sun Temple Sculptures renowned in the art world for beauty and grace, in tableaux and freestanding pieces ranging from the monumental to the miniature, cover every inch of the temple. The poet Rabindranath Tagore wrote of the Konark sun temple: “Here the language of stone surpasses the language of man.
There are thousands of sculptures including deities, celestial and human musicians, dancers, lovers, and myriad scenes of courtly life, ranging from hunts and military battles to the pleasures of courtly relaxation. Those intersperse with birds, animals (close to two thousand charming and lively elephants march around the base of the main temple alone), mythological creatures. The renowned jewel-like quality of Odia art manifests throughout the temple.
The Konark sun temple has earned fame for its erotic sculptures, found primarily on the second level of the porch structure.The viewer quickly notes the frank nature of their subject combined with an overwhelming tenderness and lyrical movement.
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