Japanese Particles 助詞（じょし）- Which one to use?

Let's learn how to use basic Japanese particles.
2:50 Summary of Particle Functions
4:50 に - Destination
5:29 で - Place of Action
6:07 に - Place of Existence
7:12 が - Things you like
9:25 と, や, か - Noun Connectors
11:31 が - Specific Topic
13:04 が - Subject of Existence
14:08 を - Direct Object
After you watch this lesson, try this exercise on Particles.
れんしゅう - How to Use Particles
• Japanese Particles Pra...
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Learn more about と, や, か
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[@YukoSensei]

Join a mini-course (free) smilenihongo.com/minicoursefree Enrollment for the Complete Package (10 courses) will end in December 2023. Join now for unlimited access. smilenihongo.com/1234567LK

[@cinnarolli]

this is so generous, thank you so much! 💖💖💖

[@KKokichi]

Hi

[@voopu]

You already knew particles were going to be complicated when the thumbnail showed two different にs.

[@pichipichistory3992]

Actually there is another use of に particle.. there is two more hahahaha

[@grlann]

For real :(((((

[@DreamyAbaddon]

@@Simkets Yup. This is so true.

[@Ernthir]

Aaaaaah

[@Capris9x]

Well she could have used に only once, but splitting them in two helps to learn the different ways to use it.

[@danieldeoliveira4868]

I never realized how confusing English prepositions were until someone learning english asked me why it’s “at home” and not “in home” and I honestly couldn’t think of an answer other than “I dunno, it just sounds weird if you say it any other way”

[@miayouredoinggreatsweetie5132]

Daniel De Oliveira correct me if I’m wrong but “home” feels like a place, space, while “house” feels like a thing, so at home and in house 🤔

[@Sicklehead88]

@@miayouredoinggreatsweetie5132 i'm maybe not in the best position to judge (native german speaker), but still i think you're right, since it's the same in german. in german you say "ich bin in Tokyo" (I'm in Tokyo), but "Ich bin zu Hause" (I'm at home). And my explaination for it is that the "in" is only used for specific objects and the zu/at is used when you are talking about something more abstract. Because what is home to someone can be very different. like a house, a city, a country, etc. although i also think that it is not that easy in english since you also usually say "i'm at the shopping mall", which wouldn't work in german.

[@kaleidsbox6915]

@@Sicklehead88 Just throwing in the "feeling at home" idea in addition to your above mentioned "what is home can differ from person to person". I think that "home" is just an idea, a name if you will, that you call a place you have certain feelings towards. Thus it is not something you can grasp/touch/see like e.g. a house. If we on the other hand take your second example "I am AT the shopping mall" into account things get complicated as the shopping mall is obviously existing and touchable. In this case we can maybe assume that the collection of stores is meant as your objective location rather than naming a specific store inside the mall you are currently in, creating again some sort of idea as the location instead of a rather specified one. Just a random thought though. It's late. xD

[@michaels5251]

In my home.....

[@kaleidsbox6915]

@@michaels5251 that would however require the possessive indicator "my" added into the sentence. You could simply do the same saying "at MY home".

[@cluckcluck6494]

14:32 "But of course you'll never eat Kyoto." Godzilla: Konnichiwa!

[@liteshake4855]

笑笑ｘｘD

[@shoyusuki8687]

草

[@Capris9x]

I had that exact thought even before reading the comments LOL

[@MacobstonProductions]

😂

[@mavymagdowney9798]

this is amazing XD

[@danielirvin4420]

One of the fun things about learning Japanese is discovering the oddities of your own language.

[@DreamyAbaddon]

For me it's the particles. I enjoy them.

[@GiveMeBackMyUsernameYouTube]

"I" before "E" Except when your feisty foreign neighbour Keith leisurely receives eight counterfeit beige sleighs from caffeinated atheist weightlifters.

[@mavymagdowney9798]

@@GiveMeBackMyUsernameKZbin ...how long did this take you to write?

[@GiveMeBackMyUsernameYouTube]

@@mavymagdowney9798 About as long as you'd expect it to take for somebody to copy 'n paste it from the guy he stole it from.

[@mavymagdowney9798]

@@GiveMeBackMyUsernameKZbin I appreciate your honesty haha.

[@britishcodfish1472]

I’m glad that you actually touch on the fact that English speakers struggle with Japanese particles just like Japanese speakers struggle with English particles. Most language teachers that I come across never mention stuff like this, and because of that, it can get confusing. It helps put things into perspective.

[@ominous5359]

12:14 is so confusing to me she says yuumei desu but desu means I or me I thought but the way it’s used says is famous and she reads the sentences like at some point she says I want to go to Kyoto like why does she say it backwards other than the way it’s written

[@britishcodfish1472]

@@ominous5359 Desu means “to be” (like ‘am’ or ‘is’)

[@jobelita8129]

@@ominous5359 desu is a respectful word that adds on the end of the sentence. If you are a filipino .. desu is the counter of OPO/PO

[@ominous5359]

@@jobelita8129 I gave up on the language it was to hard and I was to stupid to understand

[@kylestamp3747]

From my limited understanding, verbs on Japanese don't change to fit a subject like English and European languages do, desu in that I guess can technically mean I, you, he, she, it (in this case it is it), we, you (plural) and they

[@theguy2628]

For the people that are still a bit confused about the particles とand や: と is the English equivalent to the word “and”. *But* it means that the words listed using that particle are the only things part of the conversation. So if you were to ask me what I like to do, I would say 「本を読むと昼寝するが好きです。」Which means that I like to read books and take naps, and *NOTHING* else. や on the other hand also means “and”. *However,* it implies that there are other things that could be listed, but you just choose not to. Think of it as the English equivalent of the word “include” but it functions like the word “and”. Using my same example, if you were to ask me what I like to do, I would respond with 「本を読むや昼寝するが好きです。」Which means that I like to read books and take naps, *among other things.* I might have gotten the grammar a bit wrong, and I am by no means an expert at Japanese, but I hope this helps you fellow language-learners! 😅

[@lixp7280]

This is helpful!

[@RosemaryWilliams49fruits]

Yes, but you need to make reading books and taking naps into noun phrases to be able to use the と particle, as she explained that it can't be used with verbs or adjectives. So I'm pretty sure it would need to be 本を読むことと昼寝をすることがすきです。

[@theguy2628]

@@RosemaryWilliams49fruits Good to know 👍

[@Draco1660gfx]

​ @Rosemary Williams the correct formulation of those sentences would be using not こと, but たり/だり and also using のが as well. 「本を読んだり昼寝するのが好きです。」another with たり: 「森を走ったり泳ぐのが好きです。」 the reason for this is that の nominalizes the verb(s) before it, making it convertible to the ～がすきです form. たり/だり (the particle) is used to connect the verbs together, im not too familiar with the specifics but jisho is a good resource for examples. hope this helped :)

[@vonneumann6161]

⁠@@Draco1660gfxI’m Japanese. Rosemary Williams is also correct. It sounds natural enough to me. There are a lot of different ways to say the same time. It’s only a matter of preference

[@veancy7154]

Learning a language takes years; you can't really expect from yourself to master particles after watching a video. So, don't get discouraged if you can't understand it right away.

[@Thisisnotokiwantprem]

Awww that made me feel better ty

[@okaywowlolidk337]

I learned the Partei als within three days, now i know when to use which but still don’t know how to tell the time 👁👄👁

[@okaywowlolidk337]

Particles*

[@morningcavalry867]

You made my day sir

[@reinnyzhel9942]

Sono tori sir!

[@anmananmananman]

As a Japanese, this is difficult. It does not matter if you make a mistake as long as you can communicate. Even Japanese people often get it wrong, and only a few people point it out anymore. On the Internet, there may be many people who point out mistakes because it is a text-only conversation, but in a real-life conversation, some people may not even notice the mistake.

[@lixp7280]

This is comforting to know

[@vvyas8811]

Thank you so much your comment make me feel.relief 😂 particles are so confusing Love from India ❤

[@user-uz8lt5jl7q]

Intelligent remark, this applies almost to all languages and every people I think, but no one would point out mistakes in real life.

[@kelvyiturralde8111]

Yuko-sensei, I can help you with the “in, on, at” reasoning. “In” is used to denote large measures of time. Such as months, weeks, years, and beyond. All of these measurements are general. For location, we use it to denote countries, provinces, cities, and also generally places that you can enter into. You can even say “in the house”. “On” is used to describe specific days in terms of time. This could even be used to reference a specific event. Such as the Ides of March. When someone refers to what happened during those times, they say “On the Ides of March”. For location, this preposition is used for either places you can be on top of. On earth. We don’t enter into earth, and we don’t own earth, so we must be standing on top of it. Same thing with mountains. On the mountain. We cannot enter the mountain, or own it, so we are on it. And “at” is used to specifically denote a specific and small measurement of time such as hours. For location this is used to denote a possessive form of location. “At MY house, at Yuko-sensei’s house, at the local bakery.” All of these locations are possessive nouns in the sense that someone in specific owns them and thus we use “at”.

[@Rispberry]

To add on, another way to differentiate "on" a place and "in" a place and "at" at place is to think about the context of that place in the sentence. If the place is being described as a 2-dimensional area, where people can enter and exit or move in, you want to use "on". As Kelvy mentioned above, we also use "on" if we are literally sitting or standing on something. For example, "I watched anime ON the sofa" or "I ran ON the jogging path". This 2-dimensional rule usually applies for "in" if we are talking about transportation because we can enter the transport and sit/stand on the transport. For example, "I watched anime ON the train" or "I watched anime IN the train" are both correct. Either way, we understand what you did (watched anime) and where you did it (on the train). We use "at" when we are talking about a place as if it were a point on a map(1-dimensional). For example, "I watched anime AT home" or "I was AT the jogging path." We cannot use "in" for both sentences as you cannot be "in" a home, only "in" a house nor can you be "in" a jogging path. NOTE: While you can be "on" a jogging path, the context changes: "at a jogging path" conveys location only while "on a jogging path" conveys location and action (sitting ON or jogging ON the path). Whether you use "on" or "at" depends on what you want to tell your listener. Finally, if we combine all three ideas into one sentence, we can get "I watched anime while ON the sofa, IN the living room AT home". 1) "on the sofa" because you literally sit on the sofa and cannot be "in" it. 2) "in the living room" because you entered and stayed inside the room (2-dimensional area). "on the living room" conveys the idea you are sitting on the roof of your living room, which isn't what we want to say. "on the living room floor" is an acceptable alternative. 3) We use "at home" because your home is a point-location on a map where you are doing something, and entering or exiting your home is irrelevant in this sentence. TL; DR Context is king and the core idea is getting the nuances of your point across. How you do that is not as important as if you can do that. Cheers!

[@chicxulub2947]

@@Rispberry at = very specific place. in = general place, on = somewhat specific That's what I learned.

[@laurencetamola8857]

I was confuse in this problem as well but you explained it so well thanks

[@raisamagante8495]

@@Rispberry my clue for in is that in IN-side to easily remember it

[@sk_lxr2920]

What confuses me is that you say "In the morning", not "at the morning" or "on the morning" But if you say "in 9am" it sounds weird too

[@yh450]

日本人ですが、このような動画をあげてくださっている方がいることにとても感動しました。日本語を学ぼうとしてくれる外国の方々のコメントを見るとただのリスナーなのにとても心が温かくなりました。みなさん、応援しています！ (ちなみに私は英語の勉強中です😊) I support you all!

[@RosemaryWilliams49fruits]

ありがとうございます！英語のお勉強を頑張ってください！I hope you enjoy studying English, and don't get discouraged!

[@RikoJAmado]

As Serena/Usagi ( Sailor Moon) might say: “this is so complicated! Let’s go to the mall and eat ice cream instead!”

[@sarabjeetsingh3149]

Dang WTH is that pfp

[@humanbean3]

@@sarabjeetsingh3149 a real live human person. quit being such a weeb and ud know people arent cartoons :)

[@SpringySpring04]

@@humanbean3 dayumn bro hamburger cheese

[@zemaculate]

My mother never let me

[@arunguile1654]

"へ" is crying😭

[@sloth5677]

that's what i was thinking!!

[@vicksonloe6641]

5:10 she explained "he" or can be read with "e" that has the same meaning with ni, but only used as destination. If i wasnt mistaken "e" is just used to tell destination right?

[@okaywowlolidk337]

@@vicksonloe6641 no it also marks goal or the recipient of your actions. Kinda like Avery but as a partical

[@vicksonloe6641]

@@okaywowlolidk337 okay lol I'm still learning so idk much

[@user-hx1ob7sl8o]

ぜ、ぞ、よ、ね、ま

[@Wasabs]

When you explained about how japsnese people struggle with english prepositions, i never actually considered how confusing it can be, its weird to think how we can just naturally use those words without even thinking of the meaning but in our brains it just works

[@playerguy2]

Honestly, I'm convinced English is significantly harder than Japaense for speakers of the other language.

[@rodneybulsico7618]

i think the reason why other japanese is having a hard time to learn english because the sentence structure in English is different than Japanese

[@hystericallover5989]

english is still a pain in the side as someone born in a mostly english speaking country. like, which goober decided to bring in silent letters?

[@TheLastCrow5150]

Or "Silent letters, which goober decided to bring?". English is weird as fuck. There's no doubt about it

[@dereenaldoambun9158]

@@TheLastCrow5150 And that weirdness is why I have a hard time to learn this language lol.

[@TheLastCrow5150]

@@dereenaldoambun9158 Well thats starting to really play with the language. Nobody actually talks like that. I'm a native English speaker, and Japanese gets a little easier to use everydayw. Reading books has helped quite a bit. Not just for learning the kana but for getting the hang of sentence structure and vocabulary too. The kanji is going to take me years to build up and understand

[@richter8937]

日本人目線からこの動画見るの面白いですね！

[@nickinlondon4644]

The most difficult particle is 'de'. This has so many different uses, which are not mentioned in this video! I would love a video explaining ALL the uses of 'de'.

[@arkach3733]

Nick in London easy

[@Ahn-mu3db]

You need to get the book Japanese the Manga Way it covers a lot of them. That book is awesome!

[@nebelung1]

Of course the destination which an action takes place, which our Sensei described. I think the other common use of it is like 'using' whatever it stands after... so carでTokyoにgoing to... I'm going to Tokyo "using a"/by car.. 車で東京に行っている

[@Revaldie]

agree,they can use for tool too ! it's very overwhelming that particle i need to read many times lol

[@shibari_4869]

で“de” 1. Means ex.) I go to the restaurant “by car”.「”車で”レストランに行く」 I eat curry “with a spoon”. 「”スプーンで”カレーを食べる」 2.Material ex.) This chair is made “of wood”. 「このイスは”木で”できている」 That group is composed “of young people”. 「あのグループは”若者で”構成されている」 3.Scene,Location ex.) I bought souvenirs “at the shop”. 「お土産を”その店で”買った」 I’m poor at speaking “at meetings”. 「”会議で”話すことは苦手だ」 4.Cause ex.)He took a day off “because of high fever”. 「彼は”高熱で”一日休んだ」 “The typhoon caused” the sign to fly off. 「”台風で”看板が飛んだ」 5.Subject of the action ex.)We worked on this issue “as a team”. 「”チームで”この問題に取り組んだ」 Do not act “alone”. 「”1人で”行動しない」 6.Limit,Scope ex.)The stock will run out “in 5 more units”. 「在庫はあと”5個で”なくなります」 Everest is the highest “in the world”. 「エベレストは”世界で”一番高い」 7.Aim ex.) I visited Japan “for sightseeing”. 「日本には”観光で”来ました」 8.Condition ex.) That boy is running “barefoot”. 「あの男の子は”はだしで”走っている」 She danced “with a fancy appearance”. 「彼女は”派手な姿で”踊った」 I wrote as much as I could think of. I am still aJapanese student, so my English is poor, but I hope this will be useful.

[@suzanner8473]

I think 'wa' and 'ga' are by far the most difficult for non-Japanese to master - 'ga' has a lot of different uses, which depend on both grammatical function and context, so when to use 'wa' vs 'ga' or vice versa can be very tricky, whereas 'de' and 'ni' have very limited specific grammatical usage rules are a piece of cake in comparison. Her explanation is really really amazing - what a great teacher! The visuals really make things clear!

[@richardm6985]

check the video on 'ga' by cure dolly, on youtube... ga is not related to wa... ga is in every sentence in japanese (sometimes hidden), it's crucial to the logical structure of sentences, it's roughly analogous to 'is', but 'wa' simply indicates a topic... whenever you see 'wa', for example "kyou wa", it doesn't mean 'today is', it means 'as for today'.... so, you might think 'kyou wa atsui desu' means 'today is hot', but it actually means 'as for today, (it is) hot'... the actual sentence is "kyou wa (tenki ga) atsui desu', (as for today, (the weather) is hot) but in japanese they leave out subjects a lot because they love implying things with context rather than saying them explicitly. it's misleading for this video to say 'ga' is used to indicate things you like, ga indicates EVERYTHING, it's just often left out in other sentences whereas it's a practical necessity when you're using something as specific as 'i like ____'. tada!

[@richardm6985]

for an example of a sentence using both wa and ga: watashi wa [coffee] ga suki desu we think it means ' i like coffee', but it actually means 'as for me, coffee is like'able' cure dolly uses a well known problem: when people learning japanese hear 'watashi wa unagi desu' said to a waiter in a restaurant they think it means 'i am an eel', but it actually means 'as for me (it is) eel'.

[@isabellag6220]

@@richardm6985 thank you so much!

[@richardm6985]

@@isabellag6220 i got 99 problems in japanese but 'ga' ain't one :P

[@owihinape]

@@richardm6985 i love you so much thank you

[@michaelhoffmann2891]

Yuko Sensei: why can't I use "in home"? Englishspeakers: we don't know either! ask the Angles, Saxons, Romans, Vikings, Normans, French, ................

[@huihui666]

You can. It's informal speech lmao

[@michaelhoffmann2891]

@@huihui666 not really. Even informal speech would rarely if ever have a native speaker say “in home”. Unless it’s with a possessive particle like “in my home”.

[@huihui666]

@@michaelhoffmann2891 yea, It does sounds unnatural.

[@michaelhoffmann2891]

@@huihui666 Another exception might be "in-home", i.e. hyphenated. Such as "in-home appliances". But that's stretching it.

[@ADeeSHUPA]

@@michaelhoffmann2891 uP

[@capnkirkie1]

Yuko Sensei always posts exactly what I need! Needed a good particle refresher and this was perfect. 本当にありがとう！

[@yoyoman_blue6485]

Bro Idk KANJI!!

[@yoyoman_blue6485]

But i know you said arigato

[@geeverghesethambi7542]

👍🏻

[@let_me_out_indonesia]

@@yoyoman_blue6485they said I'm very thankful

[@bari3175]

@@let_me_out_indonesia Oof i thought it was "Thank you very much" lol

[@nae9301]

Let’s be grateful that all these informational lesson by Yuko Sensei are FREE😳ありがとうゆこ先生！

[@claes3327]

nae it’s ゆうこ先生

[@tylermustardloooser386]

ありがとうございます、先生

[@educacionespecialchannel3756]

Are there ads on these videos?

[@blueguern]

ありがとうございます。De and NI have had me pulling my hair out. Great video.

[@user-rr7cp9sz1n]

She really lays it out quite nicely doesn't she? Valuable video!

[@DanksterPaws]

I had the same problem with the Accusative case vs Ablative case in Latin when talking about prepositions. And I’m so glad Latin has taught me the distinction because it’s pretty much the same stuff here

[@raimuchibenshin9577]

I fully understand this lesson but i can't seem to process it lol

[@mathew2378]

Maybe because we are stupid xd

[@kaehi4264]

try writing it down!

[@iamalthaea]

And maybe try making more sentences using the same sentence structures :)

[@itsonlymel7594]

I started studying japanese in 2016, when i was 14, at that age I didn't understand a lot of things (even in my native language, spanish), I stopped studying after passing the JLPT N3 at the age of 17. Now I'm reviewing everything and everything is much clearer now, thank you for these videos!!!

[@re_nforce]

The issue with Prepositions for Japanese learners weirdly made this so much easier to digest

[@marukomax8688]

Thank you, sensei. いつも ありがとうございます。

[@kohanei1787]

That lesson was really useful! ありがとうございます！

[@captenarii3938]

I appreciate your lessons Yuko-Sensei!

[@preciouss_amjad2206]

本当にありがとうございました色々説明するのにありがたい先生。。

[@latoyalatty9299]

This lesson was extremely helpful.Your explanation is easy to understand, I’m better able to use particles. Thanks!

[@firingsquadgeneral]

14:33 “you will never eat kyoto or drink kyoto” Is that a challenge?

[@dokvald]

This was super helpful, Thanks!

[@thomascrossland3548]

ありがとうございます

[@Redrumm]

I have never understood Japanese particles as well as I do now after watching this video. Excellent explanation Yuko-san!!

[@SteveSilverActor]

This is one of the best lessons I've seen on particles. Thank you!

[@Fridtjuv]

An insanely informative video. Thank you!

[@user-pg3to7im3j]

I've been struggling with this for a long time, this was super helpful!

[@DevilDwarf165]

So, this lesson explained to me how intricate languages in general can be at their core. Beautifully explained, I think I finally know the difference between は and が !

[@krustyk98]

I love this video so much! So much good information in 17 minutes and I understood all of it. Yuko Sensei ありがとうございました！

[@EclipsePheniox]

Thank you, this makes understanding particles so much simpler

[@ruchirrawat8804]

i was expecting some new sort of japanese technology when i read "japanese particles"

[@minhtetpaing1695]

Thank you so much sensei for explaining patiently and clearly.This lesson is so helpful to me.

[@adils3778]

Thank you for your lessons

[@DANGJOS]

This was amazingly intuitive, thank you!

[@YouTubeLate]

This easily goes to my “Important Stuff” playlist.

[@SkyFly19853]

Just what I need.... Thanks for making it easier to understand the Japanese grammar. 🙌🙌🙌💯💯💯

[@NaK-R]

Mr. Tech Guy me too ive wanted this instead of phrases

[@SkyFly19853]

@@NaK-R Yes, indeed.

[@kaneko11]

Sensei you are great! Thank you for the lesson.

[@srijoykanjilal5903]

先生、ありがうとございます 🙏

[@AzraelChiron]

I really appreciate this video. I started using Rosetta Stone to learn Japanese but it doesn't explain what particles are let alone when and how to use them. It was a great source of frustration. Then I found this video and now it all makes much more sense. Thank you!

[@HorsesArePeople2]

"I still don't know why I can't say 'at Sunday' or 'in home'" Yeah me neither and I've been speaking it for over 20 years

[@ryanreyes6440]

Or when u can say “I’m on the bus” but not “I’m in the bus” but when speaking about cars you say “I’m in the car” and not “I’m on the car”😂😂😅

[@ChespinCraft]

@@ryanreyes6440 I’ve never thought about that lol 😭 that’s horrible

[@softerthanshadow]

This was so helpful! 先生ありがとう

[@johnromelvivas6599]

Nice lesson! I love it

[@cameroncrump7696]

2:02 Being an english speaker myself i also have no idea why i cannot say "at sunday", or "in home" to be honest

[@raimuchibenshin9577]

Is English your first language? English is my second but i also have no idea why i cannot say those words too lol

[@cameroncrump7696]

@@raimuchibenshin9577 Indeed, it is my first, to be honest prepositions are not even something we go over when learning English and this video is the first ive heard of them. English sure is a strange beast

[@NoName-sh5xe]

I don't have an exact answer but it is chalked up to "It just sounds weird". It would be much easier to use the same for all but that is simply not the case. Besides we have a culture of bashing peoples grammar. *sigh*

[@davidh9844]

In a way you can. Do you have a sick relative who needs IN HOME care? AT SUNDAY'S meeting, we talked about going to Osaka. The paradoxical use of what seems to be totally illogical words we call "idioms" I need to be ON TIME or IN TIME. Nope, if you break it down, it is totally illogical and impossible to physically place yourself within an imaginary concept.

[@JonathanAnimate2]

I guess we use in-home as an adjective for a function, like we would interior, exterior.. in-home. Maybe for like a utility, like lights, heating, security etc. But it's rare.

[@RosemaryWilliams49fruits]

Prepositions and particles can definitely be really difficult. Your explanation is really good and I wish I had seen a video like this when I was first starting to learn Japanese over 15 years ago now. I don't know if anyone answered your question/has been able to help explain why we can't say "at Sunday" or "in home", but I wanted to try to explain it here with some examples. The basics are that "at" is for pinpointing a specific spot, physical or not, while "in" is using a boundary or border to tell the listener where something is based on that boarder, but it doesn't give a specific location. "In" is vague about where the object is, and defines it's location based on what is around the object, not based on the specific spot the object is currently at. We can say, "at 3 o'clock", "at the store", "at the park", and "at home". "at" is like taking a pushpin and sticking it into a map. it points to a very specific spot. That spot can be big, but it is a specific place, known to the speaker, and possibly known specifically to the listener as well. In contrast, to "at", when using "in" as a place preposition, it's referring to somewhere, metaphorical or physical, that we can describe visually using boundaries. So a country has a physical shape we put on a map, with boarders, and when you are in a country, there are trees, buildings, and other things around you that also create physical boundaries. Here are some more examples of in; "in my life", "place in time", "in the woods", and "in the ocean". For "in my life" and "place in time" we can draw out a time line, a visual representation that clearly denotes the start and end, which tells us that the where in question lies between those two points, it is within them, not outside of them. "in the woods" and "in the ocean" you are surrounded by the trees, bushes, flowers, etc that make up "the woods", or by the water that makes up "the ocean". Being surrounded by something, and existing specifically in reference to being surrounded by it, requires the "in" preposition. While we can say "in the ocean", we can also reference specific locations in the ocean, such as "at the bottom of the sea". "at the bottom of the sea is not a named location, but a specific known to the speaker, and possibly the listener, named location, versus a location based on being relative to two or more things like "in". So why can't we say "in home"? Home is metaphorical, but, it doesn't have a specific shape we can define, because it is different and dependent on the individual speaking. A person could feel at home in a cafe, or at the zoo, or on a train. to be "at home" is a feeling of peace and comfort specific to the individual, and thus "home" is an extremely specific location, and it is not dependent on or relative to 2 or more known boundaries. We don't use outside points of reference to define "home". So, again "at" is referencing a very specific, unnamed point in space or time (24 hour time specifically). With "at" we are pinpointing something. While "in" is referencing a more general location that is relative to 2 or more boundaries, and possible to describe by visually representing said boundaries. In does not give a specific location like "at", but a general location between two or more points of reference. While we can't say "in home", because "home" isn't actually a place with boarders we can visually define, we can say "In my house", or "in my home country", because houses and countries both have borders to use as reference for defining the space something can be in. I hope this explanation makes sense and is helpful!

[@issieglore2447]

Finally someone has a clear explanation ...

[@RosemaryWilliams49fruits]

@@issieglore2447 glad I could help :)

[@Ayden1083]

Very helpful. Thanks you!

[@anthony.geoo13]

This was very helpful. Thanks sensei

[@dekidgrim6184]

Thank you Yuko Sensei for this particles lesson. I know those particles and it's function, but I sometimes forget. I'll come back here whenever I forget those particles. Is anyone like me?

[@elliottwoods5636]

yo dawg why's your hair asymmetrical?

[@crimsoncrimsoned609]

I think an easier way to think of the location based particles could be like this で marks what's used に marks the placement (in time/space) へ marks the aim (whether that's actually where they went)

[@zeph313]

ありがとうございます. This was a big help

[@gigahiyaman3590]

こうやって学んでるんだ…凄い。

[@fourthpanda]

Thank you for this wonderful refresher before I start my Japanese 300 classes!

[@mr1880]

I'm not an english teacher nor do I have any qualification other than being a proficient native speaker, but I'll share my thought process regarding the preposition issue you were talking about to see if it helps at all, although the actual reason is most likely due to nuances in the language as it evolved over time. The word "on" is only used to specify a date, or an occasion such as an anniversary or holiday. Since these are all proper nouns, using the word "in" has the connotation that you would be physically within the bounds of something, as if you were to say "in paris" or "in a box". To avoid this connotation, we instead use the word "on", but as a synonym to the word "during", and so the connotation changes. In this case, I think it would be better to view months as the exception. Months are collections or groups of days, and since they are collections, they act like containers, therefore being able to "contain" days within their bounds; like I mentioned earlier with the paris/box example. Since months behave this way, they avoid the connotation that they are physical objects and a synonym for the word "during" is not required. As for "at home", the biggest thing you need to know is that "home" is not necessarily a synonym for house. "Home" is an abstract word that doesn't require a physical object to be tied to it, and is instead a nondescript location. If you were to refer to the house you live in, you would use the word "in" because, going back to the previous example, it can contain things. The word "home" on the other hand is the location you live at, and not the house you live inside. As an example, say that somebody were living under a bridge. That person would not have a house to go in, but the would have a home they could stay at, and most of the time if you were to ask someone like that what that place was to them, they would say it were their home. Despite this, the term for these people is still "homeless", which is very misleading as to the meaning of the word. I may not have done the best job explaining, but I hope that I was able to share my insight and experience as a native english speaker.

[@hanschapman755]

Thank you for making these free ; they’re amazing ,genuinely.

[@oshanmaduwantha]

ありがとうございます❤

[@pikapikaachhu]

Thank you for explaining the particles!! I’ve got my Japanese finals tomorrow and I feel ready after watching this vid ^v^ !

[@YukoSensei]

Final Exam, がんばってください。😊

[@necromancer147]

did you pass?

[@pikapikaachhu]

@@necromancer147 Yup I got a 48.5/50 💃💃

[@necromancer147]

@@pikapikaachhu Congratulations!!!!!!

[@shiningsilence13]

my general advice for the koohai when i'd be hanging out in the study room was: "when in doubt, leave them out." this is why i could never be a tutor.

[@pault207]

Very clear, thank you so much.

[@verlax8956]

"my brain has stored enough data about these prepositions" -brain

[@wrouey]

i know that this video is already two years old but, i still really appreciate it!! so easy to understand! i feel like ive learned so much in the span of just one night!

[@YukoSensei]

Glad it was helpful!

[@ramchandragaikwad4488]

Very useful indeed. Thank you.

[@xiaolingsundberg9469]

I just started taking the Japanese language in college. I am a native Chinese speaker, and when I was learning English, I felt the prepositions were confusing but not to the extent of that Japanese. Particles are definitely the most confusing part. But thank you for your extensive explanation for the Japanese particles that were covered in this lesson.

[@mauricedeschamps1968]

Hi, Yoko. One question. When I express Subject like I or You, using ～は. Is it particle to make Subject or the other? How is the concept of Subject in Japanese?

[@miles3638]

moe y The subject particle in Japanese is が. When you express 'I' or 'you' using the は particle it is the 'topic', which is what the sentence is about, so you could actually use both and say something like '私は私が食べている' which means 'as for me, I am eating'. No one would actually say this though because the topic and the subject are the same in this case, both are me/I. So we often don't include the subject, which is makred with が, and just say '私は食べている' which is 'as for me, (I) am eating'. If the topic of conversation is also obvious, we usually omit that as well, so we could just say '食べている' to mean '(I) am eating'. Hope this helped.

[@milton5417]

This was such a good introductory video. Great job!

[@effervescentreviews2385]

This was sooo helpful thank you sooo much yuko sensei!

[@Robin-xh2py]

Instead of romaji, you should give the meanings of each word. That would be very helpful and will also encourage us to read in Japanese instead of Romaji.

[@DreamyAbaddon]

Yeah, nobody actually uses Romaji.

[@nebelung1]

I mean just as an example, she has written down all of these for the word お寺... the kana おてら, the romaji otera and the English translation temple... I don't know what more you are looking for really

[@lindavel43]

@@nebelung1 True. I just ignore the romanji. She is already putting free content as Japanese classes are expensive in my city.

[@toyaji6568]

It makes sense that we have two にs Just like how we have 2 legs and , 2 knees.

[@koreukii]

oh god why

[@casserol2202]

sasuga tensei san

[@ilityouup4202]

Awesome video! ありがとうございます

[@lindavel43]

Thank you for this clear explanation.

[@judyjudy729]

How about "へ" ? I always learned, どこへ行きますか" help!!!😢

[@dmanzawsome]

The way you explained ya is a little confusing to americans, when you say "for example" that can mean a lot of different things based on context so we don't know what you mean. People think of for example as 例えば when you say it like that.There is an american concept of etcetera or etc which is very close to ya. etcetera implies a many other examples that you did not mention similar to ya.

[@sofea4780]

from what i learnt in school particle "ya" is just like a comma, like apple,strawberry and watermelon. "ya" usually partnered with "nado" .. like, "apple ya strawberry nado watermelon desu." I'm sorry I don't have hiragana keyboard .. You can learn more in other videos..hope this will help ! 😋

[@caitlinmanansala9883]

@@sofea4780 my sensei taught me the same thing.

[@jaycee330]

@@sofea4780 But "ya" is used for an open-ended or incomplete list (apples, strawberries, and such...), otherwise, you use "to" for a definitive list.

[@jaycee330]

Example: "ringo ya ichigo ya taberu." I eat apples, strawberries (and other fruits)... "ringo to ichigo taberu" I eat apples and strawberries (and no other fruits).

[@CatherineTaylorT]

This is so clearly presented and super helpful!!!

[@sm1purplmurderedme583]

this is so helpful omg, ありがとう 😭❤️

[@goldenheart3887]

の: Am I a joke to you?!

[@raimuchibenshin9577]

@Razorback73 の, i didn't.

[@Times1065]

のとはとへ

[@david_ga8490]

"No" looks like a pretzel

[@xXPlacidoXx]

In minute 12:47, Can I replace は for の? So, the sentence will be 日本の町はきれいです？is that a right sentence? Hope you can help me and thanks for the video

[@AztecPride150]

Yes its correct it means Japanese cities are clean or beautiful

[@MattRBX]

ive tried to learn japanese from many things and many youtubers and youre the first to actually upload the content relevant to me liked and subbed keep up the good work

[@Branish636]

Wow very informative. Thank you 🎉

[@jocelinecortez2803]

No se si sea el único comentario en español, pero estoy aprendiendo japonés a través del inglés sin entender del todo el inglés 😂😂

[@jocelinecortez2803]

@@user-is6ux3sj2t que suerte, es mejor aprender un idioma sabiendo bien otro, sino te pierdes mucho en la explicación... no hay tantos videos explicando eso en español, por eso hago el intento de entenderlo en ingles.

[@artirajput4790]

??

[@alguienqueexiste396]

@@user-is6ux3sj2t hola puedes pasar tu discord?

[@klaso]

Thank you for a very good lesson

[@hombredediciembre]

Thank you, teacher. 🤗

[@azrielthegodprince3822]

That balance of the English language with her ancient and voice is ....... . . . . . . . . too かわいい why couldn't i have her as a teacher in school... I may of actually focused

[@ruzinus_]

2:01 There is no reason. That is just how it is.

[@killuazoldyck9929]

That analogy with prepositions is great.

[@maxgiantbanana7344]

ありがとう、先生！

[@kieracoco]

This lesson is very clear, thank you!!

[@infinitymotivation7160]

ありがとございます yuko先生👌❤️

[@JairoMorales123]

Thank you you explain things very well 🙌

[@trumplostlol3007]

Very good lesson. Thank you.

[@linhly8307]

Thank you so much for this lesson

[@resignurdrnk7535]

you're an amazing teacher. This video is super informative, concise, and fun.

[@SLorenziify]

Excellent explanation. I will watch all your videos from now on! ありがとうございますゆこせんせい。