French and Indian War Era, 1750-1763 | Britain, France, & North America | Amherst & Montcalm

This program covers the French and Indian War period, the years 1750-1763. The French and Indian War began in 1754.
The French and Indian War is a critical period in American colonial history. It resulted in Britain removing French colonies and posts from North America.
In 1750, France had a large trading system with Native Americans that stretched from the St. Lawrence River across Canada, the Great Lakes, down the Mississippi River to New Orleans.
However, the British were entering the Ohio Valley. George Croghan and Christopher Gist were founding trading posts at places like Logstown in Pennsylvania and Pickawillany in the Ohio country. By 1750, France and Britain are converging on the Forks of the Ohio, the site of modern Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The French have built a chain of forts down from Lake Erie in 1753, including Fort Presque Isle, Fort Le Boeuf, and Fort Machault. In 1754, the British send George Washington to assist the Ohio Company in building a fort at the Ohio Forks.
However, when Washington is at Will's Creek, in Cumberland, Maryland, he learns that the Forks have been occupied by the French. He nevertheless presses on. He skirmishes with the French at Jumonville Glen, resulting in the death of Jumonville, a French official. The French and Indians counterattack, defeating Washington at Fort Necessity.
In 1755, the British attempt to take Fort Duquesne at the Forks of the Ohio. Braddock leads the redcoats through the woods, but they are destroyed.
The French and Natives, including Ojibwa, Ottawa, and Huron (Wyandot) warriors attack settlements in Pennsylvania and Virginia.
In 1757, the French general Montcalm takes Fort William Henry on Lake George in New York. An ambush on the retreating British en route to Fort Edward will be remembered in James Fenimore Cooper's "Last of the Mohicans."
In 1758, William Pitt, a British statesman, emerges as a major strategist. He presses for a three-pronged attack on the French, including a renewed effort against Fort Duquesne, a counterattack on Lake George and Lake Champlain, and an effort against Fortress Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island.
General Forbes secures Fort Duquesne, which will become Fort Pitt. General Amherst secures Louisbourg in Canada. However, Montcalm stops Abercromby (or Abercrombie) at Fort Carillon in New York.
1759 is the year of miracles for the British. Quebec falls to Wolfe.
In 1760, the British converge on Montreal. The Governor-General of Canada, Vaudreuil, surrenders.
The French and Indian War in North America is over. However, the Seven Year's War, as it is known in Europe, continues. Britain is sided with Prussia and Hanover, while France, Spain, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony are allied on the other side.
Fighting in the Americas continues in the Caribbean. Britain seizes French Guadeloupe and Martinique. Britain also seizes Havana in Cuba.
In 1763, George III assumes the throne. Peace is secured in Paris. Britain acquires French North America east of the Mississippi. Spain assumes France's western holdings and New Orleans. Britain returns Cuba to Spain, and the sugar islands also go back to France.
Pontiac leads an inter-tribal alliance against the British. Pontiac's Rebellion of 1763 sees many British forts under attack. Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt push back the attacks. However, George III wants peace. He issues a Proclamation of 1763 which forbids white settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
This film was created by Jeffrey Meyer, Librarian and Historian
Music Credits:
"A Ghost Town" by Quincas Moreira
"Dead Forest" by Brian Bolger

[@gr500music6]

This was simply great, Jeffrey. Hard work well done yet again - organizing a lot of data through a focus on sequence and geography. Thanks!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thanks! The theatres are often broken up into different book chapters but they are all happening simultaneously.

[@vanhall8253]

@@JeffreytheLibrariana😮

[@jamesbarton1969]

As usual you bring much clarity to a chaotic situation previously only seen as disparate actions.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thanks for watching!

[@martinadams8877]

i'm from the uk and i have always wanted this kind of history lesson on the colonizing of North America. I have watched your videos from the 1500's to 1763 and i finally understand what went on and i find it fascinating. i really hope you continue with a post 1763 video and i would also love to know more of the ongoing colonizing of the west. well done for this effort and thank you.

[@stefkadank-derpjr1453]

Martin...isn't it interesting. I'm 58 and learned this history in the 8th grade (age 14) I just hate that I wasn't interested then. I just would memorize names and dates....sometimes by wearing a long sleeved shirt and writing a few cheat hints on my wrist. I just recently did a family tree and the "Bolton" side of my family traces all the way back from England to Virginia in 1640! So now of course I have the names of family members and dates and towns where they were living....so of course I have become super interested in this History.

[@kbrewski1]

You might not like the next chapter in this history lesson Martin! 😉 😂

[@jonathanlochridge9462]

Yeah, Although a lot of time the detail given is a lot less than this guy gives though. I think having the visual and spacial element of showing the locations on the map with the date makes their significance easier to discern. If it is just dates and events then trying to figure out why they matter can be difficult. Overall, diving deeping can be cool. Although, often studying particular things can miss the geographic and time-based context I did find that kind of thing easier to remember. I remember my middle school papers better than I do the dates and such of events. Interest and showing why something is important is valuable. @@stefkadank-derpjr1453

[@rebeccamd7903]

@@stefkadank-derpjr1453you sound like me. It wasn’t interesting because we couldn’t connect to it. Turns out my dad’s tree goes back to the first Jamestown Europeans, Africans, and Natives. So compelling to understand how this impacts my family now. 🤯

[@Peter86H]

Read Crucible of War, by Fred Anderson, Alfred A. Knopf (2000), for a thorough review and analysis of the war, including the political challenges for George II’s privy council, colonial governments, and the various tribal peoples.

[@Senor0Droolcup]

This channel just gets better and better and better. This video does the best job of using maps to explain why the French and Indian war happened. Marvelous job.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you so much!

[@aloyisiuspeters8913]

After the War, the French also kept the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, just off the coast of Newfoundland, as a guarantee of having good fishing grounds in that north Atlantic area.

[@EdinburghFive]

France did not keep Saint-Pierre and Miquelon at the end of the Seven Years War. France had ceded the island to the British in 1713. Britain ceded the islands back to France at the end of the Seven Years War to allow France to exploit fishing rights it maintained in the Gulf of St Lawrence.

[@lokys936]

Keep going bro 👊 Can't wait for the next episode. :)

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Much appreciated!

[@holahovito11]

@@JeffreytheLibrarian When is next episode

[@btbb3726]

Nice video. Thank You! I live in SW PA. When I visit my friend’s farm some 50mi southeast of me I go through Uniontown and then take route 40 (the Old National Pike) and pass Jumonville retreat, Braddock’s Grave/Fort Necessity, and Washington’s Tavern.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Excellent. I grew up in the suburbs of Pittsburgh. Go Penguins!

[@frankpienkosky5688]

Braddock was buried in the road and the army marched over him so the indians wouldn't discover the burial site and dig up the body and desecrate it....wasn't until the early 20th century and the construction of route 40 that the body was found and moved to its current site alongside the road....

[@dorseykindler9544]

I grew up in Wheeling and used to road bike that section of Rt. 40. Too many interesting historical markers to count.

[@stephenmichalski2643]

👍👍👍Excellent presentation 👍👍👍

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@repost9581]

Great video. I'm 43 and from Hawaii educational system. I know of the French-Indian War, but this ties it all together. This is what youtube was meant to do. Thank you.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@automaticmattywhack1470]

Another excellent video! Why don't you license these videos to high school teachers? You're teaching 11 weeks of information in a 34 minute video.

[@smg-mtg1924]

Let them know! I'm sure the channel will love it.

[@lynnfisher3037]

I don't imagine the schoolboard leftists would be interested in the truth. If only you could discover that Washington was transgender and used the pronoun 'we, them when referring to himself THEN your videos might have a chance.

[@unitedwestand5100]

You're a moron! Here's a clue for you. In Canada this war is called "The 7 Years War.' Regardless of the name it is the same war, and although ignored in this video, involved the same abuse of the native Americans to divide the tribes, and use them to fight their war. Here's another clue; the posted dates. It's an obvious clue that someone has posted numerous KZbin videos, edited for historical revision and Negationism. Do you really want that taught in schools?

[@demonmonsterdave]

If teachers used this they would have to think of nearly 11 weeks of educational activities for their classes, as well as needing to explain all that to the head teacher and higher level bureaucrats. It's a detriment to promotion, almost certainly against "du roolz" and how does a poor teacher feed her family after she is fired for actually educating young people? Not worth the risks. Read the textbooks to the class slowly and only answer one question a week so that you can manage your time and make sure they only know the answers needed to pass "du eggzam".

[@stefkadank-derpjr1453]

100% correct

[@sebastienhardinger4149]

Another fantastic video, thank you

[@bb5242]

Having grown up in Upstate NY and having an ancestor who served in the militia during the F&I war, this war is in many ways far more palpable to me than the American Revolution. I visited Ft. Ticonderoga and the somewhat more touristy Ft. WIlliam Henry as a kid probably every summer. Much of NY State has this living history you can still feel today if you know where to look. I never really understood the battles in that war until I watched this video. I vaguely understood that the French came down from what is today Canada and had those forts but I didn't know how they changed hands and how the war was nearly lost by the English.

[@ajknaup3530]

Jeffrey does the best job of laying out the French & Indian Wars I've seen yet. A foundational aspect of our American history: all of North America.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@phoenix3992]

These videos are excellent portrayals of the slow, steady progression of the British, French, & Spanish colonies, and their inevitable conflicts. I would be very interested in a video like this detailing the events up to, and then during the American Revolution.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

The next installment will be coming out in a week or so. Thank you for watching!

[@curtisblake261]

Bravo on the series! I'm sure many viewers like me watch the videos with preconceived notions, family lore, and genealogy in mind, and we don't want to skip anything. Well done.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you! That means a lot to me.

[@kathyastrom1315]

This is excellent! I’ve been learning more about this war since starting to research my family genealogy. I found it that a 6th great grandfather Daniel Goodwin had enlisted in Monckton’s New England militia and fought at the capture of Ft. Beausejour/Cumberland and then was stationed at the renamed Ft. Monckton, where he served as a messenger to nearby forts when needed. I also appreciated seeing Louisbourg highlighted on the map. The brother of an 8th great grandmother (different branch of Grandma’s tree than Daniel), William Pepperrell, had led the force that captured that fort in 1745. He was made a Major General in 1755 and had raised forces and trained them as the 51st Regiment of Foot alongside Shirley’s 50th Regiment. These two regiments were the ones defeated by Montcalm at Ft. Oswego in 1756. Pepperrell died in 1759.

[@MrAtsyhere]

My Ancestors would have likely known your ancestors having been from Connecticut and settled in the area under Col Winslow in Kings County. The Home they built there in 1761 is still the (Quiet Garden B&B) I have worked with a Rolly Astrom for over 30 years. A fine guy (Canadian Swede)

[@kubhlaikhan2015]

Did you retrieve that information from military records? I would love to do the same but although I'm British my ancestors in this conflict were French. Perhaps the names, origins and destinations of deportees is recorded somewhere? Mine went to New Orleans via Haiti (I think). If anyone knows of accessible documentation please post.

[@EdinburghFive]

@@kubhlaikhan2015 If your ancestors went to Louisiana via Haiti it appears they may have been among the group that left Nova Scotia with Joseph Broussard (1702-1765), also known as Beausoleil. Technically this small group of Acadians left Nova Scotia willingly and after the closing of the Seven Years War. They are an anomaly amongst the rest of those deported.

[@dwaynestach7651]

Well done..! Living in western PA, I knew some of this.. but, seeing it laid out on a map in a timeline was very informative and entertaining....!

[@smujer1]

Very informative. Loved hearing more details than I learned in grade school. Thank you.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@carlcotton1753]

very well done! Thank you

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@edwardtoner]

Brilliant, keep em coming👍

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

More to come!

[@markmarco2880]

What a brutal time. Thank you. And thank goodness for the Age of Enlightenment.

[@ronfroehlich4697]

Fun fact: in Pennsylvania we pronounce Dubois as "Doo-boys", North Versailles as "north Versayles" but we apply French pronunciation to Duquesne rather than call it "Dookwesnee".

[@ajknaup3530]

Pennsylvanians: practical as always ( :

[@johns3106]

Another fun fact…Duboistown (near Williamsport PA) is pronounced “du-BOYS-town”. I grew up nearby, and always thought it was “weird” that the more western town had the emphasis on the FIRST syllable “DOO-boys”. You just never know about those Pennsylvanians…

[@ronfroehlich4697]

@@johns3106 That is definitely kind of weird. I'll keep that in mind if I'm ever passing through.

[@Squatch_Rider66]

Great presentation about how all localized conflict affected the international control of North America

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you, sir!

[@richardcompoe9778]

I'm French Canadian and I am very proud of my nationality

[@c39v26]

You should be! A very hearty people!

[@MuffHam]

There's a mod for Mount and Blade Warband where you can play (The French and Indian War).

[@Richard-fv7rq]

Absolutely fascinating and so well put together, thank you.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@MaverickSeventySeven]

Excellent as usual!!! So comprehensive!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@Jesse-cx4si]

These uploads are more accurate and informative than most schtuff on the “history” channel, et al. 👍 I even find the, at times, somewhat dry delivery to be relaxing. ☺️ Keep ‘em coming, JtL!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you, friend!

[@cyrusparker6725]

Nicely done. Especially the concise use of maps and 'zoom out' for visual context. Our 8xG-Grandfather Archelaus Dwinell died in with Mass Militia on Abercrombie's disastrous 1758 assault on Ft Carillion. Would be glad to add some actual video of the Lake George /Lake Champlain area for brief edits if you'd ever like.

[@donofon101]

A touching ancestry moment at 26:00 when Wolfe's forces round the Gaspe down to Quebec. One of my 4 grandparents was a Collins and directly descended from Wolfe's navigator and aide de camp. Sir John Collins accepted a land grant near Kingston Ontario and his name lives on due to a notorious prison at Collins Bay.

[@Smitty753]

Great video I'm from Pittsburgh PA and me and learned about the French and Indian War it's a nice refresher and goes more into detail appreciate the video

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

I grew up in the North Hills area myself. Go Pens!

[@thattimestampguy]

Collision Course The French And Indian War 1754-1763 0:29 1750, Britain 🇬🇧 France 🇫🇷 and Spain 🇪🇸 all hold land in America. 0:56 40,000 French and some 1 Million British subjects. 1:52 The Ohio River 2:30 Colonial Pennsylvania is growing. 3:11 The French have seen English settlers moving West. 4:17 The Ohio Company headed by Christopher Gist 4:55 The Delaware and Shawnee move west and join The French side *Before The French & Indian War* 6:14 Spring 1753 France starts building forts in Ohio River region 6:55 November 1753 George Washington claims they are trespassing on English territory 8:18 April 1754, May 1754. May 28th 1754 Washington’s 1st battle 9:06 June 1754 Fort Necessity is built 9:37 Albany Congress provides a precursor to Continental Congresses to come. 9:47 July 3rd 1754 Washington Surrenders. Acknowledges his assassination of Ju Monville *Britain’s Response To France’s Victory* 10:30 11:44 _The Carolinas and Georgia are not involved in The French and Indian War because they are too geographically distant from the conflict in Ohio Great Lakes region & [New Brunswick] Canada_ 12:20 Britain 🇬🇧 captures 2 French Forts in Canada, and 12:44 *French Diaspora* the British deport the French from the lands. 13:39 French and Indian Raids. 15:22 15:44 Quaker Pacifism erupts as warfare violence enters Pennsylvania 16:16 Fort Oswego & Fort Bull of Central New York *The Seven Years War in Europe* 17:23 Britain 🇬🇧 & Prussia & Hanover 🇩🇪 vs France 🇫🇷 & Austria 🇦🇹 & Sweden 🇸🇪 & Spain 🇪🇸 19:23 The Siege of Fort William Henry 20:22 Montcalm burns Fort William Henry 21:12 Louden OUT, Abercrombie in. 🇬🇧 *Spring 1758: Britain’s 3 Theater Front* 22:00 Ohio -🇬🇧Forbes Central NY - 🇬🇧Bradstreet Nova Scotia - 🇬🇧Amherst 25:25 The French burn down Ft. Duquesne because they lack a sufficient defense to defend it. 🔥 🪵 25:55 General Wolfe 🇬🇧 reinforces the British with an attack in Nova Scotia. 27:50 Amherst consolidates captured French Forts *The Triple Attack on Montreal* in 1760 28:55 Murray from Quebec, Amherst from Lake Erie, Haviland from Northern New York *The Caribbean Sugar Islands* 🏝️ 30:40 Britain 🇬🇧 capture Guadeloupe & Martinique 31:18 The British capture Havana after a costly battle. 31:23 February 10th, 1763. Great Britain 🇬🇧 makes concessions to bring peace amongst European powers. 32:30 Pontiac’s Rebellion S1763 *War Debt is Staggering; No More Westward Expansion is what the king decrees* 33:21 Proclamation line of 1763. Encouragement of cooperation with native tribes.

[@johnking6252]

Excellent presentation. It put together some elements that were left hanging in my understanding of the conflict. Much appreciated thx. 👍

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thanks!

[@nancychandler3673]

This is so interesting. Looking forward to filling in the gaps of my own family history. Thanks for this!!

[@MrLemonbaby]

Very well done Jeffrey. I read some years ago that the British, at the end of the war had a choice, to keep the sugar isles or Canada. It was seen by some in Britain that if Canada was the choice, thus removing the French and Indian threat, there was no way the colonists could be forced to remain east of the Appalachians. The astonishing increase in the colonial population, the expansion westward and... well, the rest is history.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@DonaldKDever]

The aerial view helps us to understand. Great work 👏

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@The5thGen]

Very interesting and easy to follow.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Much appreciated!

[@joshhoffman1975]

Really great series, highly informative, and brilliantly presented, thanks! 😃🤗

[@dubcheeseburger]

great work

[@HemlockRidge]

Wonderful and informed video. As an amateur military historian, my knowledge of The French and Indian War was lacking. You really filled in the gaps for me. Thank you.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thanks for watching!

[@mikemitch3425]

I just watched all the videos in this series! I love it, and I want more! Are you going to keep going forward on the timeline?!?!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Yes, I am going to keep going forward!

[@noelpope1270]

Well researched , informative and Very Educational . Great 👍 Job .

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you so much!

[@michaelpenney9692]

Nicely done. My compliments.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@Djb5live]

Amazing job. New subscriber!!!!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@peterfeltham5612]

Very educational,and so informative.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Much appreciated!

[@CRange-bh3tb]

Ur videos are excellent!! As a history major, I truly appreciate your detail.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@jeanculot7095]

Great video except one cannot speak of Canada before July 1, 1867 (foundation). It was from 1791 that Upper-Canada and Low-Canada (Quebec) were founded. Upper Canada was the primary destination of Loyalist refugees and settlers from the United States after the American Revolution, who often were granted land to settle in Upper Canada

[@EdinburghFive]

Yes you can indeed talk about Canada before 1867. During the French regime in the 1600s and 1700s the area along the St Lawrence in New France was referred to as Canada and the French born there were known as Canadien (Canadian).

[@Martinit0]

Great work!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@shawngallagher6815]

Amazing video, thank you!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@truaxe815]

Great video overall. Would've liked to see more smaller skirmishes get mentioned like Battles on Snowshoes and the Raid on St. Francis.

[@That_Guy_Outside]

These really are just fantastic. Thank you so much!!!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@msmeltzer1]

This summarization was excellent. Really loved it. I only wish you could have added a bit about the Rangers and their involvement. Good Stuff.

[@brucemooney1277]

As a French Canadian with ancestry dating back to the 17th century in the St-Lawrence valley, I feel biaised towards the French and its a pain to watch haha

[@JAllenIsaac]

Incredible content; great work!

[@johnmagee8272]

Excellent. Thank you.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thanks for watching!

[@StooTV]

Excellent summary and I loved the maps! Cheers from Montreal.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you! Canada is a lovely country.

[@josephbrosk4384]

Excellent story-telling! I live in the area of Lake Ontario/St. Lawrence & know these place names well. Your presentation is superb. Thank you!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you! That means a lot to me.

[@EdinburghFive]

Excellent video. The map is a little bit inaccurate. What is known as Prince Edward Island was French territory, as was New Brunswick and Maine to the Kennebec River. The Acadians who end up in Louisiana do so in the 1760s, after the close of the Seven Years War with the largest group arriving there in the 1780s. The deportations of Acadian continues until the end of the Seven Years War, taking Acadians not only to the other American North American colonies but also to England and to France. Fighting continues across Acadian/Nova Scotia throughout the remainder of the Seven Years War. A substantial British force and ships remain at Halifax in 1757 and prepare for an assault against Louisbourg in the spring of 1758.

[@nancytestani1470]

Incredible..so good. Watching the last of the Mohicans brought all this forward. Really interesting.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you for watching! Last of the Mohicans is a great movie.

[@brianfergus839]

Fascinating - well done! Those shots of the trees though lol : )

[@CraigDOrsay]

Thank you for including Annapolis Royal.

[@petergreen379]

Your channel is, in my humble opinion, the finest expression of history and presentation of an historian on the internet Any of your videos is time well spent. If you are ever in the Niagara Falls area please let me know - I'd love to arrange an appearance for you (Niagara Falls, US side).

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

I appreciate it! Thank you for the invitation.

[@chrisw9474]

Really nice job here

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@jnlaf]

Very enjoyable and nicely done...

[@richardduplessis1090]

Very informative and very interesting.

[@edwardlulofs444]

Very good, thanks.

[@wingng4048]

Good job 👍

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@raymondmerchant988]

I lived in Johnstown, NY I loved the history of Saratoga, Saranack, Lake George, and Mohawk Valley. It's a beautiful area.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

It's pretty up there. Lake towns have so much to offer.

[@kentpaynter1350]

Excellent job. Only 1 complaint. I think you should just leave the map showing and forget those random pictures. They were very distracting for me. Thanks for the hard work!!

[@marshfilm]

Great stuff! I live on the border of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. I can practically see Fort Beausejour from my house. Fort Cumberland was always called Fort Lawrence (in my lifetime), I'm assuming I'll learn about how that happens in one of the next instalments.

[@EdinburghFive]

You may be a bit mixed up - Fort Lawrence was always called Fort Lawrence. Fort Beauséjour was renamed Fort Cumberland after it was captured by the British. Fort Lawrence then became redundant and it was destroyed by the British in 1756 to keep it out of the hands of French troops, and Mi'kmaq and Acadians militias.

[@1rwjwith]

Real History…this is what should be taught.

[@susanschaffner4422]

Very good. Nothing like having maps to refer to events. I love reading, but your presentation gives clarity.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@kbrewski1]

I have to admit, I didn't remember or never knew that young Washington lost those first battles in the F&I War. Maybe he learned lessons in those defeats that helped him lead in the Revolutionary War. I always wondered why the English with their superior Naval power didn't immediately move to block the St.Lawrence Seaway to stop any French shipments, food, resources. Seems to me they could have shortened that War quite a bit more. The interesting thing about viewing this overview is you can see how the Northeastern colonies would have become more cooperative with each other and self reliant on their abilities to defend their territories, and trained in battle. So ironically, fighting for the English Crown against the French and Indians only helped them realize "why are the English an ocean away telling us how to govern, pay taxes to, etc". The colonists were ready to become self sustaining. And the Southern colonies, who weren't really involved in the F&I War, were doing just fine with their tobacco and crop plantations, and their slave trade, and thus later those Southern colonies were less enthusiastic about breaking away from England and declaring Independence.

[@benodell3420]

Excellent!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@mikebacherl2490]

This video gives a step-by-step, into detail of Early America's history in chronological order. It's easy to follow and understand...better than my early text books on this subject was for me many years ago. Teachers of this subject (and history buffs) should learn and incorporate this information into their own personal studies! Let American Kids learn about the true history of our Nation!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

I appreciate the nice comments!

[@QuizmasterLaw]

This is really excellent and should be part of middle school curricula in North America.

[@davidkuder4356]

A Masterful Job. During the 250th anniversary years of the War, the Pittsburgh region made a big deal of its commemoration with a series of events and festivals beginning in 2004. I was part of a team of living historians and reenactors representing the various colonial and native participants on the British side. I portrayed a colorful western Maryland frontiersman and organizer of the Ohio Company of Virginia, Col° Thomas Cresap, Maryland Militia. So good to have an elegant summary of that defining period in pre-Revolutionary American history.!!

[@RD-jd3yh]

Excellent.

[@kbrewski1]

Other than the Last of the Mohicans theatrical motion picture starring Daniel Day Lewis, which I thought was well done although obviously romanticized and heavily simplified (but good scenery), do you have any other film recommendations or probably better, historical documentary recommendations that are on DVD/blu ray that lay out the history of the F&I War?

[@frankpienkosky5688]

so... was Monroe's retreating force savagely attacked as shown in the movie?....or just harrassed by the indians as i've heard in other accounts?

[@kevinpresley3136]

Thank you for a very informative video.Not much talk about this war.A very crucial time in our history.This eventually led to the Revolutionary War with secured our independence from Great Britain.And the rest is history.

[@jasonbrown372]

And the rest is genocide.

[@frankpienkosky5688]

@@jasonbrown372 Amherst gets the credit...(or the blame)... for giving those smallpox infested blankets to the indians....even if there's no hard evidence he ever did it

[@benjaminrush4443]

Continues on with a Good Story. Thanks.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@dreonphlatamus]

Awesome story telling voice / so the Librarian tone is no problem ;)

[@jamesbinns8528]

Thank you so much!

[@David-wk6md]

Good stuff Maynard

[@jmdjohn1931]

Fantastic!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@Morgs914]

Spectacular video (except for your pronunciation of Schenectady-near my hometown & Fort Carillon). Going to look for more of your work!!

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

I'm a Pennsylvanian, so I saw the "Sch" and assumed it was a German "sh". I have since learned the Dutch say "sk". I am working on the Revolution now, so I know now how to say "Schenectady" and "Schulyer".

[@Morgs914]

@@JeffreytheLibrarian haha all good and honestly shouldn’t let it be. Thought you might like to know.

[@treelimb3338]

This was wonderful. So well explained and laid out. Really helped me give insight to some family history. There was a family of Germans who settled in Pennsylvania 1748. The family and a neighbor’s were killed by natives March 24 1756. Very nice to have more context to the time period. Of course one little dude got away and grew to have 12 kids, lol.

[@Research0digo]

Thank you.

[@jonathanlochridge9462]

Great video. Really detailed and visual. I also like your videos about 50-year periods. I would love to see 1-2 videos covering the periods between the revolutionary war and the civil war. Seeing the founding of various cities in the early western expansion could be very illuminating.

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you! I am currently doing the Revolution. It's in the works, and it will take some time. But it's coming.

[@jonathanlochridge9462]

Cool! I am about the take a college level US. History course. So, I am getting started on learning extra. I love history but so far I have studied more world and ancient history. I have studied the early colonization a bit more. And have read biographies of a lot of major figures like William Penn, Benjamin Franklin, and others. I am particularly curious about the patterns of settlement. And I am hoping to maybe make a paper focused on the history of a single city in the US. and how it ties into broader earlier American history. As city history is one of my favorite types. I actually work for an urbanist KZbin channel. So, I hopefully might be able to repurpose some of my school papers. And use that as an extra motivation to go even deeper. I am heavily considering going deeper into the history of Pittsborough. Or Fort Pitt. I have also considered studying the non-Canadian french colonies more specifically Such as Lousianna and trying to tell how much of an impact they made on Ohio. Studying the french perspective of the "7 years war" also seems like an interesting idea. Although, Since I don't speak french that might be a little difficult. I might be able to find translations. I have also been looking for information about the particular tribes involved in the war as well. I am not 100% sure yet though. @@JeffreytheLibrarian

[@jonathanlochridge9462]

Doing the revolution is really cool too! Your approach gives really good visuals. A lot of time the same atlas pictures get dug up whenever someone is discussing the time and map based elements of these events. So this presentation made things a lot more clear. @@JeffreytheLibrarian

[@BIG-DIPPER-56]

EXCEPTIONAL ! ! ! THANKS ! ! ! 🙂😎👍

[@JeffreytheLibrarian]

Thank you!

[@lindaeasley5606]

While all of this was going on ,my colonist ancestors were living in Virginia ,South Carolina and Massachusetts

[@GeraldM_inNC]

There's a lot of reconning of history that is connected with this war. Great Britain was all in on the war once it started, but was totally opposed to getting into the war in the first place. GB had informed the colonies in no uncertain terms that they were not to expand past the Appalachians, because that would cause a war with the French and Indians and Britain did not want such a war, knowing how expensive it would be. But the colonists defied the British government and started expanding over the Appalachians into the "West" (as it was known then), provoking war with the Indians, and the French were allied with the Indians. The British could have elected to tell the colonists "You're on your own" once the war broke out, but they didn't. I would love to hear more about why Parliament decided to back the colonies, there must have been a lively debate. Anyway, the war practically bankrupted the British government, and at that point the government told the colonies: this war was all your fault, and you need to be taxed to restore the mother country's finances. The colonies regarded the taxes as tyranny, but the British government was 100% in the right; the forbidden expansion into the West had caused Britain's financial crisis, and the colonies ought to pay. Of course, this placed the burden of taxation mainly upon Massachusetts and eastern Virginia -- regions that were not at all involved in the westward expansion. So naturally the Bostonians and Virginians and the other cities of the eastern seaboard saw this as unfair, and of course it was. In retrospect, it would have been better for the British government to have told the pioneers: "You're on your own; if you want to fight the French and Indians for the west, do it yourselves without our help." That's what I would have said had I been an MP at the time. Another point hardly anyone knows about today is the cause for the pioneers moving ever further westward. People assume that it was forced by increasing population, but that was not the main reason. The real cause was that farmers -- especially the Germans -- refused to spend money on fertilizer or to rotate crops. Within 30 years each of their farms was worthless. But they figured that in the long run it was cheaper just to ruin the farm and walk away, moving west to virgin land that could be purchased for next to nothing -- never mind that Indians were living there. They continued to do this generation after generation. The government lamented this. The scientific community lamented this. But the pioneers were so set upon this lifestyle that the government couldn't stop their clamor for virgin land, which ushered in the Jacksonian era and the wholesale genocide of the Native American tribes. All because the farmers refused to rotate crops or spend money on fertilizer.

[@jamesbinns8528]

Indeed. And the need to tax the colonies a wee bit put them in an uproar, and hence the American Revolution. If I'd been an MP I would have voted with you!

[@GeraldM_inNC]

@@jamesbinns8528 It was punishing the innocent along with the guilty. The cities of the Eastern seaboard were being forced to atone for the sins of the pioneers, who came from totally different ethnic and cultural roots.

[@billwilson3609]

You're wrong about the German settlers. They were a smart industrious lot that purchased better land for farming and stayed there. The ones that moved a lot generally were squatters that cleared then farmed poorer land and left when forced out by the new owners who purchased a huge tract of land from the colony. The natives didn't mind the squatters since they started showing up soon after the first colonies were established as escaped indentured servants and colonists upset over the best land being owned and reserved for the wealthy. The squatters made deals with the natives to acquire land and were a source of trade goods obtained from smugglers that made more money by bypassing the colony administrators who wanted all trade to go thru them. They were left alone as long as they didn't try to take more land without payment and stayed out of the tribe's designated hunting grounds. That changed once the colonies began selling huge tracts of land to speculators that resold parcels to colonists and new settlers that wanted nothing to do with the natives.

[@GeraldM_inNC]

@@billwilson3609 I am referring to the pioneers who crossed the Appalachians to the West (as I stated clearly), and you are referring to the first wave of settlers east of the Appalachians. It is fair to say there were two different mentalities among Germans during the late-18th/early-19th Century. There were the stable/industrious Germans who remained in the county their ancestor originally settled, many of whom are still there to this very day. But then there were also those who refused to practice crop rotation or use fertilizer, and burned out their land in a generation or two. I am not making this up out of my imagination, as you clearly are alleging, but in fact it's that you just haven't done the reading and research. The U.S. government, the agricultural scientists and the rulers of the eastern cities were extremely critical out of the pioneer mentality. To the pioneers it made financial sense not to farm correctly because virgin land stolen from the Indians by the government (and sold to speculators) cost less in money, time and effort than farming one's original land correctly. The PA Germans typically moved to Ohio, then Indiana, then Illinois, then Iowa, and finally Washington/Oregon. The public demand for virgin land was enormous, and so the government cleared out the Indians as if they were merely cockroaches. I could provide you the scholarly citations for all of this, but since you obviously don't do any scholarly reading or research what would be the point?

[@billwilson3609]

@@GeraldM_inNC Nobody knew where to cross the Appalachian Mountains until Daniel Boone discovered the Cumberland Gap in 1769 then finally began to enter Kentucky after Boone and his men chopped out a trail in 1775 that became the Wilderness Road. His settlement was the first west of those mountains. There they fought with various native tribes that were using Kentucky as an uninhabited hunting preserve. The pioneers got the same reception once they entered western New York and Pennsylvania. Most of North America was a giant forest that stretched from the Eastern Seaboard to the Mississippi River. The pioneers had to clear out trees fast for farming so used them to erect structures and fencing then plowed around the stumps. All they had for fertilizer back then was bird, animal and human manure along with the wood ash created by burning tree branches and bark. I don't why you insist that all those pioneers were German. A huge number were poor Scotch-Irish and English colonists that were used to living out on the frontier and fighting off raiding bands of natives. Some had the habit of farming out their section of land then moving on west to repeat the process. Most of them were squatters that had become used to being ran off every three to five years with their hovels being reoccupied by another family of squatters if no one was present to keep them out. Others stayed and used good faming practices yet lost their land to bank or seller after droughts ruined their crops so had nothing to sell to make the payments. Others acquired their land and gradually improved it using crop rotation and growing alfalfa as a cash crop. German immigrants began flooding in around 1830 with many going to Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Many were experienced farmers that did well by using best practices. A good number were skilled tradesmen that did very well out on the frontier by providing superior products and services. A good number went to Texas right after the territory became a republic. The first ones that came wrote back home saying theses Americans are idiots. Many don't know to or care to raise crops correctly so are happy to sell their land for cheap before the bank or lender takes it away from them. Their tradesmen aren't much better yet get by since they're the only ones available in their regions. One can set up shop here and steal away their customers by simply doing a better job than them.

[@frankpienkosky5688]

It's Baden, (PA)....not Boden...just a mile down the road where I routinely get my morning coffee...the Logstown portion of Aliquippa today is across the river from where the large indian village used to be....

[@p1dru2art]

I love this history and I also get a kick out of the pronunciation of champagne

[@simonestreeter1518]

Thanks for this. I would have liked a little more on how the war ended in Europe, and what the ramifications of the treaty would end up being.

[@Rowlph8888]

European section of 7 years War, is wide and savage, but The changes in the status quo are not monumental, except for the act of the late emergence of a new Russian Czar, who pulled Russia away from attacking Prussia, who then Managed an unlikely Survival, resulting in them becoming the Clear dominant of the small German states going forwards, which was the clear catalyst for a unified Germany a century later. *Britain leaving France with the sugar plantations, enables French elites, "enraged" by the catastropheof this war to focus most of the proceeds into updating the French Navy and enables effective support of the colonists in the war of independence later, along with Spain.Without this error, the French would never have been able to mount an effective support in the war of independence would have been won by the British easily… Then when they became industrialised a few decades later, they would have steam powered Gunships, only 2 of which was Enough to bring Imperial China to its knees in the opium Wars.This would ensure that there would be no War of Independence in the Next few centuries as Britain would keep the secrets of industrialisation, far more covert, due to the need for national security following the failed uprising.

[@simonestreeter1518]

This is interesting, thank you. I would argue that the British did not keep the secrets of industrialization, quite the contrary. I have a book from the 1920s decrying how the Anglosphere was giving away the secrets to the East, in fact. I'm not sure which war of independence you think has been prevented for a 'few centuries' but the real control has gone to a superstate of fintech industry that is not supportive of national sovereignty for any nation. Or nearly.@@Rowlph8888

[@zipperpillow]

Braddock: "Wow! Getting shot really hurts". Washington: "Whew! Am I really lucky or what?"

[@chestersleezer8821]

My very great grandmother's family were killed by the Indians during the early part of this War with only her and one older sister taken captive. She later married my very great grandfather who fought at the Battle of Trenton (on the side of the Hessians). So I have very deep roots for that time of American history.

[@donofon101]

Flaw at 17:00 ... The Seven Years War is the more neutral term. The French and Indian War is an American designation.. but there was a war in Europe of "the Austrian Succession" ...whose participants were not all too interested in distant settlers and natives.

[@EdinburghFive]

Your timeline is a little mixed up. The War of the Austrian Succession took place from 1740 - 1748. The French and Indian War started in 1754 and becomes part of the larger conflict the Seven Years War, 1756-1763. For Britain, its efforts outside of Europe were part of an important strategy to weaken France by taking away its colonies and the wealth that flowed from them.

[@skpjoecoursegold366]

getting the blow by blow...................now I understand.

[@theeardrafter]

WAY too many ads on this wonderful educational material