I think the sea level is way lower tens of thousand of years ago, might not even require boat. May be the use ski instead when straits are frozen, ski can travel faster.

Big help in my on-going effort to understand the matter of slavery from the time the constitution was ratified up to the time that we went to war over it. THANK YOU!

Great job as usual

it's interesting to note that the Mayflower Pilgrims left Leiden, Netherlands during what is now called the 'Dutch Golden Age", a time of vibrant culture and learning. Rembrandt himself may well have passed by some Pilgrims in the streets as he grew up in that time and location.

wow, thank you

I think McClellan was guilty of treason. Stalling, failure to pursue the enemy. McClellan wanted the presidency and he thought his prolonging the war would be to his benefit in an already war weary north. His platform was to let the south go and split the union with no concern for any slaves.

Hey Jeff, thanks for the high quality vids. Wondering if you ever have plans to tackle the Chatanooga and Chikamauga Military battles?

Terrific work!

That population thing if you live in a town of 700 people and you go to a town of 9,000 people that's a big town if you go if you live in a town of 700 people and you go to a town of 16,000 people that's a big city

I must have heard/seen half a dozen descriptions of the combat at little round top. It wasn’t until your video that I finally understood what happened. You have a gift Jeffrey. Amazing documentary

Please tell us you’re going to continue this series? This is outstanding work! Please finish the first day and then do the second and third day. You have given me and us a new understanding of the battle. Thank you Jeffrey!

Lieutenant (later Captain) Marcellus Jones’ Company E of the 8th Illinois Cavalry Regiment was picketing the Chambersburg Pike on the morning of July 1 when he saw a strong force of Confederate infantry begin to cross Marsh Creek about a half mile to the west. Jones borrowed a carbine from Sergeant Levi S. Shafer and fired a single shot at a mounted officer, who might have been Colonel Birkett Fry of the 13th Alabama Infantry Regiment. Jones apparently missed. There is a marker for the first shot west of town.

The 16th of September is 'English Thanksgiving Day' when we thank God those po-faced puritans left us in peace.

Thank you for researching, creating and posting this. I just stumbled on it. Very nicely done.

on the other hand ... the english were there .

When the cs brought up the 61 guns to shell the nest....looking at the graphic...only 3 to 4 batteries had open field of fire. Or was the forest " woodlots' like at gettysburg. Very little underbrush and saplings thus making the federal line in the nest much more visible to the gunners and exposed to the ordnance? Or was duncan field much much larger at the time of the battle? Oh ....or did they just give em hell regardless ? I havent studied this battle in great detail yet so please forgive my ignorance.

Did you say that the English at Jamestown in the 17th century gave birth to slave labour? The first recorded instance of African slaves arriving in what is now the continental United States occurred in 1526, when Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón attempted to establish a colony in what is now South Carolina. Whilst England absolutely and very shamedly benefitted from inter-African conflict by exporting POWs as slaves, their dominant source of labour until then was indentured servitude which, unregulated was akin to slavery of the poor and mainly Irish.

For "Popular Soverienty" in Utah read "Mormonism". And Mormon Utah was a slave territory.. While rare, Mormons had slaves. In c1850 there were non Mormon legal capture of Indians for slaves and Indians did it too. Mormons passed a law forbidding it but the Mormons also were placing Indians under the control of Mormons while simultaneoulsy killing the occasional "legal" traders of same. Mormonism clalimed a territory of some 350,000 sq miles but they were nippped in the bud on that front but they did establish Mormons in Many places like Genoa, in eastern Oregon, (thus the Mormon Land Pirates of the Bundy fiasco there and at Bunderville, and Blanding Mormon polygamy towns) attempted one at the north end of Baja but that resulted in the Oatman Massacre.

13:25 "Washington, unlike Julius Caesar, eases temper instead of inflaming them". Well, Washington was at the forefront of a just born country he extensively fought for. And he was held in high consideration by soldiers and burocrats alike. Caesar instead was at the endline of a 600 years old, decadent and corrupt oligarchy which had no intention to share any merit nor wealth with anyone. In fact that same oligarchy declared Caesar an "enemy" before he actually turned on them. A better parallel would have been between Washington and what Great Britain thought of him. Most likely a traitor and criminal just like Caesar to the Senate of Rome.

Very naive to extend slave catching to all the States of the Union. This virtually brought the institution of slavery everywhere across the Union and would have further widen the division between the "North" and the "South". Would be also interesting to add data about European immigration to the various US States throughout those fateful years.

Considering how emphatic Lincoln was about not interfering in slavery why did the South secede anyway?

Excellent explanation of what happened step by step --- Debbie

What a fantastic presentation. Your channel has become one of my favorites

Excellent presentation.. let all pray the US people never fight amongst themselves... never revolt and divide again... and reasoned politics guide through...

Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, were essentially the American/Anglo version of the Conquistadores. I'll take responsibility for that.

Burnside, like many other Generals during this war, should have been charged with war crimes and waste, fraud and abuse of life and resources.

Lord Jesus Christ has himself chosen the Greek language or couldn't He choose another language. He is God and he guided Alexander the Great to spread out the Greek language and literature and civilization to the most known world so to be expressed more deeply and efficiently the mysteries that the Holy Spirit explains to the world. He is not co-operative with the Luck or Symptoms.

I love your videos. Thank you

Spain's legacy in North America Between the 16th and 19th centuries - that is, for more than 300 years - the Spanish crown ruled almost the entire American continent. And despite the length of this dominion, the Spanish presence in the current United States and Canada has fallen into a strange - no less regrettable - oblivion. An especially notable forgetfulness among the Spaniards themselves, who are unaware of the immense footprint of our ancestors in those lands. And it is that, at its moment of maximum expansion, between the end of the s. 18th and early 20th centuries. XIX, the Spanish territories comprised more than half of the current United States. The current North American states of California, Nevada, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Kansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Alaska were Spanish possessions that were part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The same was true of the southwestern part of British Columbia, within present-day Canada. In Alaska, the occupation would be limited to some commercial factories that would later be abandoned.

The Spanish Navy was the most powerful in the world from the 16th century to the end of the 18th century and continued to be a world-renowned naval force well into the 19th century. Or did you not hear about the counterarmada of 1589, with Spain's decisive victory against the British, which led to the collapse of the British navy and the discrediting of Sir Francis Drake, the pirate who died of dysentery a few years later on Spanish lands in Peru? Don't just read news and books written by British, French, and Dutch.

Once again, what a wonderful summary of these key events that we should probably all have learned in school... and, together, we'd only get reading a number of history books. I love learning history this way. I can only imagine how tense the interactions must have been between these southern slave hunters and the northern abolitionists. And, if Spain had discovered gold in California, I wonder if California would still be part of Spain today.

Had not Jefferson Davis's father-in-law, President, and General Taylor not died, the Civil War might not have happened. But the American ideal that set forth our nation into rebellion against the CROWN haunted the "given" of slavery at the birth of a nation premise that "all men are created equal"; that we have given RIGHTS by the CREATOR, of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. This haunting would purge President Lincoln a decade later.

9:11 a lot of people think it ridiculous to imagine a civil war fought over abortion and immigration and every single one of us, liberal or conservative, is against slavery through forced bondage and we all like to say ‘we would have freed the slaves’ and the concept of slavery itself is so morally horrible and socially unacceptable that we can’t even contemplate the idea of being or empathize with a confederate soldier. However if we went back to 1850 and explained to them the issue of abortion and also told them that millions of foreigners will be allowed to settle in the nation and also will receive public funds (at a time when there was debate over whether or not public funds could be used for literal disaster relief) both the followers of Seward and Calhoun would be up in arms united against us the very same way we would all unite to fight slavery. The issue of slavery, abortion, and mass immigration have more in common than one would suspect; they are all questions of fundamental rights given, or taken, by virtue of birth as well as questions of who or what makes a person an American and to who will the inheritance of the nation go to.

Great presentation about the failed effort to compromise. Does make me wonder why the reparations crowd wants non slave states/territories to participate in that scam.

Great stuff Jeffrey love your voice inflection

You've quickly become my absolute favorite channel on youtube. You're videos are so clearly explained and the visuals are simple yet informative. Thanks! Keep up the good work!

I am so glad I didn't live thru that era. Imagine having to watch a neighbor being dragged away and not being able to do anything. Great video as usual!

Calhoun always looked like he was getting ready to shoot you.

Cairo, IL is pronounced "cay-ro," like the syrup Karo.

This whole series is extraordinarily good--the combination of maps and of coordinating events at different locations along the calendar, not to mention your clear and well-paced narration, have made yours a must-visit site!

The unexpected speed with which California filled with young men settlers and developed toward statehood in the wake of the gold discovery - a phenomenon precluding slavery - alongside California's legacy of nonslavery due to Mexican abolition, was the second of several fatal hammer blows to the Slave Power, which already was behind the curve and simply could not adapt. No way could the plantation potential of central California catch up to the speed of gold. The first blows were the railroad and the telegraph (a low bandwidth internet), both of which destroyed boundaries and augured a near term future of speedy change. The third blow involved the political futility of trying to compensate for the "loss" of California by forcing slavery into the Louisiana Purchase. The enraged voter reaction manifest in the 1854 midterms, the anger of Northern voters facing denial of the immediate West, exposed the Slave Power as a political zombie.

Let's cede Texas to Mexico and make Texans beg for readmission to the union.

McClellan was such a horrible general, we could have crushed the insurrection right then and there but he hesitated and didn't pursue the defeated mob across the Potomac.

Great job as always! I really like the use of primary sources such as newspaper clippings (and also the daffodils, snow, and other timeless scenes). Re: the Fugitive Slave Act and the frictions it introduced, here in PA near the Mason Dixon line there was an altercation in Lancaster County known locally as the "Christiana Riot." I'll bet there were other similar things in other places that are now mostly commemorated by little more than roadside signs but tell interesting stories.

This video clearly illustrates in detail exactly what caused the Civil War - the inability of Americans to agree on the future of slavery. It was the catalyst that led to war. The South seceded because of its perceived exestential threat to their economic well-being, their culture, and their literal way of life. There is zero question as to why they wanted out of the Union (the economic powerhouse that drove their economy - slavery).

Not completely objective.

Didn’t know this part of history in our nation’s western expansion Wonderful visuals

Great job! Wonderful visuals and a significant part of history I wasn’t taught in school