About the Etruscan language

[@metroplexprime9901]

I'm just hoping that, as we x-ray and digitally unroll more scrolls from the library of herculaneum, we eventually find a copy of Claudius' guide to Etruscan history and language.

[@RCSVirginia]

To @metroplexprime9901 That is exactly one of the things that I have been wishing for. If not a Herculaneum scroll, a papyrus wrapped around a mummy would do nicely.

[@golDroger88]

If you're waiting for Neapolitans, you're waiting in vain. They might have 10 rosetta stones in their museum's inventory and they wouldn't know lol.

[@vitordelima]

The church destroyed most of ancient history but they may have something about this in their libraries.

[@FreeManFreeThought]

@@vitordelima Really, it was time that destroyed the history, not any organisation. Think about how many movies, books, heck even video games from the past centuries, decades, and years have been lost: even with modern technology and people trying to preserve as much as possible. Now stretch that over 1000's of years. It's actually a miracle that so much has survived! Each of the works that we have are either miraculous survivors (like the dead sea scrolls), or they have been copied and recopied for centuries, and if any one of them was not copied before the media deteriorated beyond use; it was completely lost. Conspiracies are fun, but entropy is the real enemy.

[@vitordelima]

@@FreeManFreeThought OK, Meyer.

[@frankrault3190]

You always manage to go deeper into language subject, weaving them in a fabric of contexts that make me watch from the first minute to the last! My sincere compliments!

[@torturachina6452]

I LONGED for a video like this about the Etruscans. Thanks a lot Julie

[@JuLingo]

Thank you! Happy you've enjoyed it

[@Kurdedunaysiri]

Are you Êzidî ?

[@torturachina6452]

@@Kurdedunaysiri I wish

[@Abeturk]

Numbers Count your fingers from right to left … 1 > Bir (ber) = ~per / ~pre > (~first) 2 > Iki (ekki) = ~add-itional / ~extra 3 > Üç (uch) = ~up / ~top point 4 > Dört (thuert) = ~thrust / ~ poke > …..by(forefinger) 5 > Beş (pesh) = ~face / ~front of / ~ahead > (thumb) 6 > Altı (alter) >(başaltı)= under (underhead) > (anti-thumb) 7 > Yedi (jettuw) = ~eated / ~enough / ~ended up 8 > Sekiz (sahgis)= ~coerces / ~stuckes / ~gives difficulties 9 > Dokuz (towgess)= ~satiateds / ~fullests / ~their peak 10 > On (aun) = ~main, / ~basis / ~origin 0 > Sıfır (sfur) = ~pitch 11 > Onbir = eleven 12 > Oniki = twelve 13 > Onüç = thirteen 20 > Yirmi (Jigirmae) 30 > Otuz ( autoss) 40 > Kırk (Quareq) 50 > Elli (Alley) 60 > Altmış (altmush) 70 > Yetmiş (jetmush) 80 > Seksen (sahegsan) 90 > Doksan (towegsan) 100 > Yüz (juse)= ~surface / ~face / ~page 1000 > Bin (ming) = ~mount / ~ride on / ~board on

[@patronpatron]

@@JuLingo Ezt ön ismeri, Kedves Hölgyem?: MARIO ALINEI, Etrusco: una forma arcaica di ungherese

[@sojolly]

Another great video Julie. Your grasp of languages and your interest in them is similar to my interest in electronics and electromagnetism. Thanks for translating another language to understandable content.

[@Gezira]

A notable characteristic of their culture is that in funerary paintings and sculptures women and men are depicted as equals, at the same height and in the same dimensions. Then the famous Etruscan smile of the couple.

[@anonimoantropomorfo5710]

Etruscan smile is the archaic Greek smile.

[@Gezira]

@@anonimoantropomorfo5710 didn't know that, interesting, thank you.

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@anonimoantropomorfo5710nope, the Serbian people actually respected their wives, they were equal. This is vinchan civilization of Serbia

[@frostflower5555]

The couple looked North African.That's why I believe in the sea people theory.

[@ivanakurc]

​@@anonimoantropomorfo5710Etruscan is origin Serbian tribes, best soldiers ever. A lot evidence i have, language, Serbian cyrilic script, Serbian culture and more. Also Alexander the great is Serbian, not greek. Greek no exist during period of Roma empire

[@KeithPrince-cp3me]

In my book on the Etruscans it suggests Etruscan and Rhaetic were related citing the words Zinaki and Tinaki. In the recent paper on the most comprehensive sequencing of the DNA of Otzi the Ice Man, who died in the Alps during the copper age, c. 5,300ybp, it firmly established a descent from a population in Anatolia. Btw, he also had the gene for male pattern baldness and had a very swarthy complexion, darker than most people around the Mediterranean today. I understood our word "plough" was derived from Rhaetic, "pluwa", their wheeled design of ploughs, making them easier to use, a great idea copied by Germanic speakers.

[@victorsong8416]

Mario Alinei (10 August 1926 - 9 August 2018) was an Italian linguist and professor emeritus at the University of Utrecht (Holland), where he taught from 1959 to 1987. He was an Etruscan scholar and linguist. He has found some interesting stuff and language relationships, that many find disturbing and vehemently deny - even without the proper credentials, research and knowledge - like the ones Alinei actually had... Some non-Italian people who don't know even three Etruscan words but called themselves "linguist" have called him a "crackpot", in spite that he was an EXPERT Etruscan linguist and was a professor at one of the most prestigious universities of the world for 28 years... Virtually all of his detractors do not have anywhere near Alinei's credentials, his knowledge, nor the decades length and breadth of his research.

[@krunomrki]

I have heard about prof. Alinei. There were many etruscologists like most famous Massimo Pallottino and Luisa Banti. Among linguists dealing with Etruscan language one of most prominent was German dr. Helmut Rix. And one of capital books on Etruscan material culture and art was written by Otto Brendel ("Etruscan art"). Otto Brendel (born in 1901 in Nuremberg, died on 8 October 1973).

[@jozsefviragh9191]

He stated the relationship between Etruscan and Hungarian.

[@VankoPlinkov]

Yes, most of words can be read theough slavic languages

[@ivanakurc]

​@@krunomrkiEtruscan is origin Serbian tribes from Balkan and little Asia, Lidia, Likia, Thrace, central Serbia, all of them is Serbian

[@ezzovonachalm9815]

@ivanaturk Etruscan were Albananians !

[@sourovdas7883]

3:00 No Herodotus was RIGHT! As an indian i can confirm that we all have farms of massive gold digger ant so that we can earn and feed ourselves.

[@wardafournello]

Herodotus clearly states that what he writes was communicated to him by people he met. He himself does not take a position on these mythical elements.

[@vitordelima]

Sus.

[@dukeon]

🤣🤣🤣

[@ninadgadre3934]

@@wardafournelloi personally admire that about Herodotus. He preserved the mythology and folk legends surrounding the stories, which are as important as the actual story itself! If only every single author was as honest about the questionability of their sources but maintain their role as a ln honest scribe

[@ianhills8980]

Herodotus never said there were ONLY ants in India !

[@a.ham.9856]

Keeping in mind that this is the act of a friend - 1200 BC is 'twelve-hundred', not 'twelve-thousand'. 12,000 BC would be very old indeed for a large-scale Mediterranean culture.

[@petarpan455]

SERBIAN CIVILIZATION LEPENSKI VIR 9500BC

[@stevenjosephson8522]

@@petarpan455 There are groups with archaeological visibility even older than that, but at 12,000 years they did not have the scope and size of the Etruscans, nobody did.

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@petarpan455Lepenski vir - 12000 years old culture

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@stevenjosephson8522not true. Etruscans are people of Balkan who used vinchan letters ( oldest European civilization, the centre in Serbia), called themselves Raseni.

[@petarpan455]

@@Greensanctuary-c4w kzbin.info/www/bejne/nX-3koCvirWZeZosi=wJ5W5Y4cWhsyrHQC

[@igortrutanow775]

Thank you, Julia! A great video. Regards from Toronto.

[@JuLingo]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@stefanmargraf7878]

Those statues and paintings show unusal human beauty. And i am able to see etruscan descendands in the streets of Italy. Some people show the same characteristics in their face.

[@barrymoore4470]

Definitely, the people of Tuscany would count the Etruscans among their ancestors (the toponym Tuscany is derived from an alternate term for Etruria).

[@dangerich530]

Northern Lazio and western Umbria were Etruscan as well. Rome had three Etruscan kings, all of them were from Tarquinia in the modern Lazio

[@minmogrovingstrongandhealthy]

Few of the things shown in the video have nothing to do with the topic, it's just random, wish they actually show things that they talk about or just don't show anything if they don't have access to a piece. But yeah these Etrskians were something of importance for sure. lets not forget that plenty of things Vatican banned to show so you wont see it on social media and especially a zombie puppet platform like YT is Edit: anyway forgot to say that if you want to learn about Etruskan (Rasi) then don't go too far, learn about Serbian language old and new and you will know about Etruskians because they were the old Serbs. Et Ruskians basically is From Rusians or From the Rasa. They called them selves Rasi for short. Serbs still to this day use that word for field plantation, today "rasejati" and Rasejani for people was a word for a natives who spread the world, who plant themselves around the world, spreading their language and knowledge. Today Russia and Russians are pretty much using the same word and name for their own identity. Russia is basically the biggest Serbian tribe that became an independent empire and managed to survive ... Today Serbia still have a region called Rashka Oblast which was named in honor of the people who roamed around the world and came back to settle there. You will find the same in so called Ukraine, Poland and many other countries of today that use to be dominantly Serbian aka Slavic, aka Orthodox Christian ... depends of the topic. In Italy and many other places obviously they didn't survived as Rasi or Etruskians or Serbs or what ever someone called them like ... I mean sure you have Serbian communities in Italy but before Italy existed Serbs actually had their own country in there. As shown in this video too. Vatican and their branches directly or indirectly made many atroicities towards the Serbs through history and there is plenty of evidence how and why. Every European country bascially made on Serbian spilled blood and their language somehwat remained so as names of places.

[@dukeon]

I love all your videos, Julie. I’m obsessed with languages, especially philology. Non Indo-European languages in Europe are especially fascinating. Thank you so much!

[@HistoryMovieCritic]

I had a college class on the Etruscans and this is spot on.

[@viktorbaraga4514]

Are you surprised. They all use the same template approved by the powers of today.

[@O_Rei]

@@viktorbaraga4514”The powers of today” care about KZbin videos regarding ancient Etruscans? Go to bed.

[@C_In_Outlaw3817]

Love your content Julie . You’re the best 😊

[@migueldeuna3261]

About the similarities between "Teresh" and Rasena. They're actually similar. 1) the "e" between Egyptian consonants are just placeholders egyptologists put for sounds we don't know (normally vowels). 2) the T is used in Egyptian as in many other Afro-Asiatic languages part of a particle (t3) used to express the "land" or "people" of/from. 3) that leaves us t(3?)-r(_?)sh(_?). So somewhat as "ta-rashena" would not be out of the question. Still a very fringe idea and I'm not a linguist and Egyptian more than a single language is a group of them over 5000 years.

[@LuisAldamiz]

They are the same word, especially if we go by the intermediate Greek "Tyrsenos" < ty-rasn(a)-os, where ty must be the Etruscan definite article "the", just as ta is the Etruscan word for "this" (apparent also in the formation of the river name Tiberis < ty - iber -is, where iber, a Vasconic word for riverside, is omnipresent from Ebros to Iberus going through Ibar in Kosovo and Tiber in Italy).

[@LuisAldamiz]

PS - I take your "t3" explanation as a possibility, although it's hard for it to explain the Greek Tyrsenos, unless it was also part of Pelasgo-Tyrsenian in the form "ty" (tü).

[@migueldeuna3261]

@@LuisAldamiz i know barely nothing about Greek or Etruscan linguistics, but it may be, quite a lot of the historical Greek derived words are actually Egyptian in origin as is the case of "Phoenician" from "fenehw"/ fnHw. So at least it is reasonable, not too crazy :)

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@migueldeuna3261 - IDK, what does "fenehw" mean? Phoenicians seem to have been influential enough to make at least one loanword to Basque: the word for "iron": burdin, probably from Canaanite berzel, but their influence seems to be more clear in Iberia (hence Basques via ancient Iberians surely), necessarily in NW Africa and surely also in Sicily, maybe Sardinia. Otherwise in Italy I see little reason for Phoenician influence TBH.

[@migueldeuna3261]

@@LuisAldamiz a Canaanite tribe/entity/group/people who usually appear related to cedar wood trade with Egyptians.

[@aquenwisey]

When I was a kid that loved science, I had discovery channel, but now that I still love science I have KZbinr like this that make content even better.

[@mwfmtnman]

I was lucky in high school to have a great history teacher. He did talk about them. And this was back in the 80s.

[@RCSVirginia]

I read a comment once by someone who was familiar with Persian that "muš xormâye kuhi," one of the Persian terms for marmot, did bear some resemblance to the term for mountain ant, "mur kuh." So, there is a distinct possibility that Herodotus' informant mistranslated the term. This is especially true if it went through several tellers. More weight is given to this by the fact that travellers in the Himalayas have discovered that tribes there do indeed sift through the tailings left from marmots' burrowing for gold. It should also be kept in mind that Herodotus was writing for an erudite Greek intellectual class, and he expected them to be able to distinguish betwixt what he clearly said was told to him and what he stated as fact.

[@hpglake3231]

Thanks for that. I was going to bring that up. I don't think Herodotus intentionally made anything up. He simply reported the information he was told to the best of his ability and resources at the time. Even today we get so much wrong, so we should not be mocking someone from 2500 years ago, for making mistakes.

[@NefariousKoel]

He would occasionally point out that he was just reciting the stories people told him in his travels. Even expressing doubts about some of it being true. Not necessarily writing about absolute historical fact but more like a collection of cultural legends and practices around various parts of the world at the time.

[@yasminadanceco]

I love all of your videos, but the music was really distracting in this one. Don’t let anything take away from your presentation and keep up the good work.

[@JuLingo]

Noted!

[@Jean-FrancoisBilodeau]

Thank you! The Etruscans are underappreciated.

[@radiojet1429]

One of your best videos. Brava, Julie! I like your evidence-based approach coupled with plausible speculation. The graphics work very well

[@krunomrki]

Interesting DNA results. However, the greatest diversity of clades and subclades of haplogroups is in the country of origin of certain haplogroup, but due to the "founder effect" the biggest concentration of certain haplogroups is in the country/land of colonisation, in this case in Balkans among South Slavic peoples. And smaller percentage means that contributors/ancestors were living in more distant past, and larger shares meaning more recent ancestors. And, test by some other companies could possibly have different results. I love your videos. (My final thesis at the history department was about Etruscan origins according to the Herodotus). One more curiosity: the letter for voice /f/ in shape of number 8 in Etruscan alphabet it is the same as in Lydian alphabet. And when I have done the analysis of the Lemnos stelae, I 've discovered that some words there were borrowed from neighbouring Lydian language. And there is an excellent book dealing with ancient languages : "The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient languages" (I have version from 2004)... The only language where I found the connection with Etruscan numerals is ancient Hurritic or Hurrian language number 3: kiq towards Etruscan "ci" /ki/. Some Russian linguists proposed connection with languages of Caucasus. In his work, in chapter unrelated to Tyrsenoi, Herodotus wrote about the city which was in his time named "Tetrapolis" and previously was known as "Hyttenia". From this is remarkable similarity with Etruscan number "huth" meaning four (4). From work of Thucydides we can find out that, in the time when author has lived (second half of 5th century BC), in peninsula Khalkidike in northern Aegean (with 3 big "fingers") in some of cities were living Pelasgians among which majority were "Tyrrhenoi"; also, the inhabitants of Lemnos according to the Thucydides were "Tyrrhenoi". Herodotus wrote that before conquest of island by the Athenians in cca. year 505 BC under leadership of Miltiades (same guy known later from battle of Marathon in 490 BC), the inhabitants of the island were "Pelasgians", having two cities on the island. Greetings from Croatia, home to the longest known Etruscan manuscript in the world ...

[@JuLingo]

Very interesting, thanks for sharing!

[@Tipi_Dan]

I was wondering if anything could, or would, ever be said about Etruscan genetics, because of the old stories of those present at the opening of Etruscan tombs witnessing the nearly intact remains of the deceased turn to dust before their eyes after exposure to the air. Archeological discoveries are very random. The current assessment of Etruscan genetics is based upon a sample set. A sample set may or may not reflect the big picture. I believe the sample set's male Etruscans were R1b: that is, Indo-European. The conventional wisdom is that the Pelasgians were not Indo-European. That would have made them either Proto-European aboriginal (I1 or I2, etc.) or Anatolian Farmer (G, etc.). Those of us directly descended from these groups might have wished to claim both the Pelasgians, and the Etruscans, as their own. The recent Etruscan genetic discoveries may disabuse us of that. Still, we must bear in mind that the conclusions of this recent research are based upon a small sample set. If we are confident of the recent research, we might consider the Pelasgian or Proto-European paternal bloodlines were either bred out or wiped out in Etruria, as they undoubtedly were in Iberia.

[@barrymoore4470]

@@mevlutkelle4083 The language is not Turkic, and Turkic peoples did not inhabit Anatolia at the time of the alleged Etruscan migration from there.

[@barrymoore4470]

@@mevlutkelle4083 No reputable published scholar in the field agrees with this.

[@Tipi_Dan]

That is not what the genetics say.@@mevlutkelle4083

[@AntonioTorcoli]

Excellent content . Congratulations from Volterra / Velathri

[@ivanakurc]

What is excellent please?? 😂🤣 Just fake

[@lkgreenwell]

The House of the Papyri - might hold Claudius’ book. I really think those charcoaled scrolls should all be recovered before I die. Just think, that work of Claudius, Caesar’s Latin grammar, Heraclitus, and, of course, above all, Sappho!

[@kalacaptain4818]

a quick note. the etruscans didn't "expand" to Lombardy/the po plain. they occurred there natively before being overpowered by the celts.

[@raminagrobis6112]

I'm very glad to have discovered this channel. Absolutely riveting presentation with extremely clear and compelling reasoning. Having studied Roman civilization for many decades, I welcomed an updating on what is actually known about the Etruscan language and its origins and relations. Now, I'll check this video about Hungarian culture she mentioned.

[@erickhart8046]

Very cool ive never heard of the culture of the Etruscans ive only heard there name in passing.

[@JuLingo]

Thank you! Happy you found it interesting

[@mauroverdiani9230]

Gli Etruschi,erano una civiltà già sviluppata prima ancora della fondazione di Roma, costruirono navi per i loro commerci con i popoli del Mediterraneo, costruirono ponti, Strade di comunicazione, avevano ingegneri, architetti, medici,erano guerrieri ma, non Conquistatori e durante i secoli della loro presenza nei territori della Penisola tramite i loro Re, la loro cultura e la loro civilta' fu positiva per lo sviluppo della nascente civiltà Romana che in seguito, essendo i Romani Guerrieri conquistatori, sottomisero tutti i popoli della penisola Etruschi inclusi.Dopo alcuni secoli di Repubblica Romana, ebbe inizio L'impero Romano con Ottaviano Augusto primo imperatore.

[@santiagogarces1321]

Hi Ms. julie I really enjoy all of your videos, they are very well researched and educational. Thank you so much for making them. I just wanted to point out that I found the music in this particular video a bit loud and intrusive at times, but it was still very enjoyable. Thanks again.

[@JuLingo]

Thank you! And yes, noted for the music, thanks for pointing it out

[@santiagogarces1321]

@@JuLingo Thanks to you for answering me 😁

[@UltimaGaina]

According to Johannes Krause, in his book A Short History of Humanity, based on paleogenetic analysis, the Etruscan language originates from the Anatolian migration that brought farming into Europe. The same is true for the defunct Minoan and Paleo-Sardinian languages, as well as Basque (the only Anatolian farmers' language that has survived to this day).

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

Old Serbs from Vincha

[@UltimaGaina]

@@Greensanctuary-c4w what do you mean?

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@UltimaGainaVincha civilization of Serbia spread all over Middle East , Lydia, Lycia and Frigia. Vinchan letters are found in Lydia , the same are in Appenines. Etruscans called themselves Raseni- Ras is the area in Serbia , they had the same pottery , language , etc. The letters were being decoded long time ago by using cirilic letters that derived from vinchan as well as latin.

[@UltimaGaina]

@@Greensanctuary-c4w Yes, indeed, but these were not Serbs. Like the Etruscans, Paleo-Sardinians, Minoans, Basques, etc., they were part of the stone-age Anatolian farmers' migration that spead in the South of Europe and displaced the pre-existing European hunter-gatherers. Serbs, like all Slavic, Germanic, Celtic, Latin, and even Greek populations, are part of the third wave of migrants into Europe, the wave of Yamnaya pastoralist warriors who, invading from the Pontic steppes, overwhelmed the Anatolian farmers, committed androcide, occupied the Anatolian farmers' lands, took their women and imposed their Indo-European languages.

[@albinserpent1388]

@@Greensanctuary-c4w stop applying names of modern nations to ancient civillisations

[@d.ryanwebb1166]

The words 'arena', 'satellite', and 'antenna' are also thought to be Etruscan. Intriguing language! Great video, Julie, as always. And you are ever so pretty. :)

[@ivanakurc]

Etruscan is origin Serbian tribes, best soldiers ever

[@blackarawak83]

​@@ivanakurc so the Serbs have suddenly become non-Indo-European language isolate speakers 😂😅

[@ivanakurc]

@@blackarawak83 old Serbian language is Sanscrit

[@theguybehindyou7418]

I like your videos about languages which don't get that much attention. Could you do a video about the Sorbian languages as well, please?

[@JuLingo]

Thank you! Eventually I would like to do videos about all languages. I wonder how many years that would take me 🤔

[@peterjungmann6057]

Etruscans, such as the Minoans, are the descendants of the Neolithic Anatolian farmers. They spoke their own, non-Indo-European language. It is assumed that Basque and Paleo-Sardinian are also related to Etruscan.

[@bommox]

Great video! ❤

[@Sekuler_Adam]

The Etruscans may be the ancestors of the Italians, but they are related to the ancient peoples of Anatolia

[@ronaldl9085]

Love the content, but hate the background music which makes it very difficult to understand what you're saying. Please leave that out. Your videos are worth watching even more without distracting music IMHO.

[@MatthewTheWanderer]

I barely even notice the music. But, that just means it doesn't need to be there.

[@JuLingo]

I'll keep that in mind, thanks for mentioning

[@eretieluir9354]

​@@JuLingo what music is that by the way? It didn't bother me at all, but maybe you can just adjust the volume if it is a problem.

[@Rudol_Zeppili]

⁠@@eretieluir9354 Agreed

[@RCSVirginia]

@@eretieluir9354 Yes, the volume needs to be turned down: It was too loud on this video.

[@BasicArchaeology-oz4yo]

This is a very interesting video. Thank you very much for it.

[@alessiorenzoni5586]

🇮🇹🤔THE ORIGINS OF THE ETRUSCANS: There are essentially three positions: origin from the East, origin from the North and autochthony. (google translate) The first theory is that of Herodotus and has small variations within it. According to the author, the people originated from Lydia or Asia Minor (both located in modern-day Turkey) and, across the sea, migrated to what was Umbria, in Central Italy. Other versions see the Etruscans as an evolution of the eastern people of the Pelasgians, who before arriving in Italy had colonized the Aegean islands of Lemnos and Imbros, a theory later supported in modern times with linguistic and epigraphic comparisons. The most authoritative version among the Eastern ones soon became the Lydian origin, with which the poet Virgil also agrees. For a long time this was the most accredited hypothesis and among its supporters it found a great scholar like Bloch. This idea was strengthened by various elements: first of all the linguistic one, as mentioned. In fact, the languages ​​of Asia Minor and Etruria have very similar terms. Furthermore, the discovery of the Lemnos stele, written in a pre-Hellenic language very similar to Etruscan, helped to corroborate the hypothesis. Another element was the advent of Orientalising, a phenomenon that coincides with one of the most flourishing phases of the Etruscans. According to this vision, this artistic style would have arrived in Italy with the arrival of a new people. The last element that gives strength to the theory is the presence of the Trš.w in important Egyptian inscriptions (1230-1170 BC) which speak of the invasions of mysterious "sea peoples". Even today the identification of these peoples is not clear, but attempts have been made to interpret them in various ways. In this specific case the translation would be "Tyrsenoi", Tyrrhenians, the Etruscans precisely. The second theory is the northern one, which was never very successful. It was born following the discoveries of Pigorini and is based on the possibility that the Terramare civilization, which had cremation as its funerary use, had moved southwards. Another theory is linked to this theory, which would see a certain kinship between the Etruscans and Networks due to the linguistic comparison. The third theory is autochthony, which gave rise to the question of origins since the Augustan age, with Dionysius of Halicarnassus. This thesis, in modern discussion, starts from linguistic considerations. Etruscan is considered a non-Indo-European language. According to this vision, therefore, the Etruscans would be traces of the pre-Indo-European populations. The language, in fact, bears witness to a previous layer, which is linked to the famous "Mediterranean civilisations" that lived in atavistic times in Asia Minor and the Aegean islands. In reality, all three theories have plausible elements and some points of criticism and this impossibility of giving a univocal definition made the issue very heated: each had good reasons to support their hypothesis and, at the same time, received attacks from supporters of other theories, all acceptable. Even today the controversy is open, even if more and more scholars accept mediation. Pallottino was the first to make a satisfactory summary. The scholar highlights the incorrect initial approach. All three theses, in fact, consider the Etruscan people as a single block since their birth. This approach is most wrong: the people, by definition, are never something static. Borders are merely socio-political and economic superstructures created by man for his own convenience. It is much easier to impose laws when you leverage an identity that resides in a certain territory. This conception was greatly strengthened with the birth of the National States. In the ancient world, presumably, the concept of boundaries was much more labile than now, as can be seen from the many cases of acculturation. It is rare to talk about submission at all levels; even when it occurred on a political level it did not occur, for example, on a cultural level. Just think of the Romans who, despite achieving an extraordinary conquest, always respected the habits, customs and religion of the subject peoples, by whom they were often influenced for example in art or fashion. This process is what all ancient peoples went through: although they were well aware of their own ethnos, at least from a certain point onwards, they absorbed like sponges everything they considered positive about the other people they came into contact with. We have therefore now come to the conclusion that talking about Etruscan origins up to a certain period is useless. The people that we can call Etruscans began to form in central Italy starting from the Iron Age (11th-9th century BC). In this first phase, as for all Italians, a great revolution occurred which led to the awareness of being a people. This period is traditionally called Villanovan and sees people well organized in more or less important villages, who used iron, who knew the division of labor and that between the sexes and above all who used incineration as a funerary rite. This civilization evolved until Romanization. The last city taken was Velsna-Volsinii (now Orvieto), in 264 BC. Despite this, the Etruscan culture did not disappear immediately, but persisted until the 1st century BC. During these ten centuries the Etruscans changed a lot, they came into contact with various and different people. Furthermore, depending on the area, the relationships were different. Despite this, the Etruscans were aware of being a unique people, who had the same customs and above all spoke the same language. The differences were superficial, for example artistic and artisanal productions. In fact, "federations" were created, called twelve cities (one in the centre, one in the North and one in the South) made up of city states which did not always agree on the common policy to follow, but which recognized themselves in common elements. Before the 11th century, therefore we cannot speak of Etruscan people, but of training processes, which were full of encounters and as long as Prehistory.

[@yeterhalatci9705]

🇹🇷😉

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@yeterhalatci9705no , they were not turks😂

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

Those are all people of Balkan peninsula who used vinchan letters . This is vinchan culture.

[@anonimoantropomorfo5710]

It's very old.

[@nicoleorton5299]

You are awesome! I loved this video! Thank you so much.

[@valentinavasileva1507]

"*The Etruscans are also called Tuscans, Thyrsenes, but their correct name is Rasena, Rasna. It means kings, masters and has been compared with the Aryan title rajan-king, and the Thracian title and name Rezos. Some associate the Etruscans with the Trshu mentioned by the Egyptian people - part of the coalition of the Sea Peoples, but the Trshu in question are rather the Thracian Trausi, or even the inhabitants of Troy, called Tariusha in ancient times. Actually the "self-named" of the Etruscans is a name of their early Thracian aristocracy. So strong was the influence of our ancestors on these people that they adopted the name of our ancestors settled in the Apennines as their own. '(Pavel Serafimov)

[@slavkosimic9900]

It is most likely that the Etruscans are Thracians, which the ancient Greeks could not pronounce, so they spoke Thrachans. That's how Thracians became Thrachans, Rashani. Rasi.

[@jaylewis9876]

Scenario two makes sense as that pattern of language from conquest while local dna persists appears so often in other places

[@custardthepipecat6584]

Love your work. 😺

[@JuLingo]

Thank you! 😊

[@David-th2ug]

Thankyou. Thoroughly enjoyed this programme as I've heard of these people, because of Rome, but now I know a lot more.

[@jotunheim1491]

Well, love your videos. GREEK is a language you haven't yet analyze and i wonder why, since it is one of the most deep and important languages out there. You should have plenty of material should you choose to do a video about the Greek language! Cheers!

[@JuLingo]

All languages are interesting for me and there are so many of them! But one day I'll do Greek, no worries

[@chitlitlah]

She mostly does lesser known languages. I don't think she's done videos on French, Spanish, German, or the other big ones either. That said, if she does one on Greek, I will watch it.

[@jotunheim1491]

@@JuLingo That would be cool, great. Thanks and thanks for your videos as well! Great resources!

[@yllidomi2772]

Vergogna non parlavano greco tondo

[@Αναστάσιος-σ8υ]

From her pronunciation she doesn't know, so it's logical and wise to avoid

[@ThomasKreuder-id9bq]

Thank you for *all* of your language overviews, and, even for the *advertising* on this one!

[@antoniotorcoli-z7c]

Thank you Julie for your unbiased assessment of current state of the research about Etruscan language and its possible origins. As you said, archaegenetics suggests Etruscan were mainly autochthonous, but none of the analyzed samples belonged to the Bronze Era, when , according to different primary sources , the Etruscans invaded the lands of the Umbrians. For comparison, the philistine samples from the XII century BC were clearly cretan ( as the sources stated) but the ones from the IX century BC were indistinguishable from the cananean samples. The same genetic dilution could have happened to the etruscan elite over the centuries. Another important fact can not be disregarded: only 3 hydronyms in Etruria have an etruscan origin.All the others have an indoeuropean origin. Since hydronyms tend not to be replaced, it is clear that Etruscan was intrusive in a indoeruropean speaking area. Furthermore the theory according to which Lemnian can be explained by an etruscan settlement from the VII century BC can be easily debunked: Lemnian is related to Etruscan but it is by no means an etruscan dialect. Considering that Punic, after 5 centuries, was still broadly Phoenician, it is impossible that Lemnian diverged so much from Etruscan in less than 2 centuries.

[@chriswas6614]

There are Rhaetic words that remain in the Romansh language of Switzerland 🇨🇭, Rhaetic could be a related language to Etruscan

[@LuisAldamiz]

It's unclear if Rhaetic was Tyrsenian, what is clear is however that they had adopted a variant of the Etruscan alphabet and that this variant would later produce the Futhark or Runic alphabet of the Germanics.

[@silviosposito375]

According to Livy many Etruscans of the Po valley found refuge among the Rethes during the celtic invasion; owing to the similarities in customs and language? Perhaps, if we look at the culture of those people (see the interesting Rethian museum in Trento which resembles to many other museums of central Italy as for the Villanovian culture.

[@anonimoantropomorfo5710]

Rhaetic was indeed related to the Etruscans, a very old relations dating back to Prehistory (the idea that the Raeti were Etruscans who fled to the Alps due to the Gallic invasions has not been considered true by archaeologists for many decades)

[@ezzovonachalm9815]

@chriswa Rhetic has been decrypted as a Mesopotanian language,and precisely akkadian by the swiss paleolinguist Linus Brunner. see: Linus Brunner, Alfred Toth.Die rätische Sprache enträtzelt. Kulturamt StGallen 1979. Die Räter kamen von Akkad während oder vor dem Bronze Age Collaps. Sie landeten um 2000 vor Christi Geburt bei der Mündung der Adige mit Weib, Nachkommen, Tieren und Werkzeugen ( darunter dem Plovium rhaetorum beschrieben durch Plinius priscus Naturalis Historia VIII, 8.) um nach Zinn zu suchen. Sie gründeten Este und später Verona und prospektierenten den ganzen Becken der Adige hinauf bis sie Rhätien erreichten.Die zahlreichen rhätischen Inschriften konnte Linus Brunner übersetzten : so z. Beispiel Roschkopf von akk. rosch Kopf mit angeklebter deutchen Űbersetzung. Die Räter huldeten die Göttin RITU was das Eponym der Rhaeti ergab. : die Ehrer der Ritu

[@lightbringer2794]

Excellent video Julie. I find your voice captivating.

[@athanasioslianoudakis9119]

According to DNA evidence Etruscans were native people in the Italian peninsula . So finally we know theirs origins

[@ezzovonachalm9815]

@athanasioslianoud.. If I do'n err the Etruscans used incineration and the ashes do not furnish any trace of DNA ! The " etruscan" bones used by the scientists were probably the bones of their italian slaves or servants. The Greek who sad that the Etruscan could have been autochtones did not say of Italy. The inventor of the autochtony of the Etruscans with the Villanovians was Massimo Pallotino, a fascist who invented the villanovian origin of the Etruscans to please Mussolini. Pallotino has never explained where the Villanovian genitors of the Etruscans learned the Etruscan Language, or where they sent their genure to learn it ! The fact is that the Italians like the trouvaille of Massimo Pallotino and are proud to believe that the Etruscans were Italians.

[@lorenzomariapiacentini8018]

Congratulations for the video and for the perfect prnonciation of Italian city names, no inflexion at all 👍

[@AltaicGigachad]

Their DNA was a mixture of two-thirds Copper Age ancestry (EEF + WHG; Etruscans ~66-72%, Latins ~62-75%) and one-third Steppe-related ancestry (Etruscans ~27-33%, Latins ~24-37%) (with the EEF component mainly deriving from Neolithic-era migrants to Europe from Anatolia and the WHG being local Western European hunter-gatherers, with both components, along with that from the steppe, being found in virtually all European populations). Antonio, Margaret L.; Gao, Ziyue; Moots, Hannah M.; et al. (November 2019). "Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean". Science. 366 (6466). Washington D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science (published November 8, 2019): 708-714.

[@majidbineshgar7156]

One should be aware that Altaic ( Turkic Mongolian, East Asians ...) peoples were not related to West Eurasians .

[@Valkyraw]

@@majidbineshgar7156 The early medieval Türk samples were modelled as having 37.8% West Eurasian ancestry and 62.2% Ancient Northeast Asian ancestry and historic Central Steppe Türk samples were also an admixture of West Eurasian and Ancient Northeast Asian ancestry One should be aware that Europeans like to steal history and culture from other people.

[@Liethen]

@@majidbineshgar7156 ok....but he didn't mention altaic people?

[@majidbineshgar7156]

@@Liethen check his name .

[@Liethen]

@@majidbineshgar7156 Ok, but he still didn't make any claims about Altaic people being related to Europeans.

[@reimundnoll1999]

The most interesting question still is: How did the Etruscan language SOUND? The written language does not say much about a language, see French. And unfortunately we can´t say much about that aspect. Unless there are lyric sources.

[@ShamanKish]

Etruscan alphabet is 'elementa' and it consists of Vincan proto-alphabet signs, just like Greek.

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

Exactly- oldest serbian letters

[@e.h97]

@@Greensanctuary-c4w🤣🤣

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@e.h97Albanian , Schip or a Berber

[@e.h97]

Yes Albanian,the people you are stealing the history from 😂😂in the other comments you said - serbian genealogy-😂😂you serbs are hilarious

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@e.h97you stole everything from us thank to Austria . You came in 12th ventury from Africa , you Berber. Serbs are here forever. Skenderbeg was a Serbs , serbian king Jovan Vladimir took you in . We are Ilirians and Tracians, you are an experiment.

[@HenryGates-vr7fn]

Thankyou! Love it

[@Aureus_]

Love the vids

[@counterstriving]

I can only repeat what so many have said in these comments: I love your videos!

[@alfflasymphonyx]

The music is too loud.

[@Jsmith2024]

Very interesting! Thank you.

[@musicandfanart5787]

7:55 I am a Hungarian who feels Balkan but is Baltic. Or actually I’m 7% Baltic and 21% Balkan which makes more sense. I’ve been thinking that I’m a little Polish because they had an alliance with the Hungarians and I wouldn’t be surprised if they could have Baltic DNA.

[@viktorbaraga4514]

What is your YDNA Haplogroup. There is no such thing as 7 % Baltic ,21 % Balkan.

[@malaxes]

I am {oliwy and 52%Baltic, 34% Balkan and rest Eastern Europe and Scandinavia

[@andreacica3208]

As a modern "etruscan citizen" i cannot wait the day of the deciphering of the etruscans language! Great video.

[@j.d.4697]

Many things about the Etruscans remind me of Celts.

[@gerald-dw7vp]

Examples ?

[@xmaniac99]

Language … arts … town structures … road building … bridge building .. not the ones in stone but the wooden ones.

[@EVO6-]

​@@xmaniac99 'language' it has absolutely nothing in common with proto Celtic

[@apulunas]

because etruscans are schytians and celts were uplifted by another scthyian tribe.

[@DimitarDimitrov-bk4xm]

The Etruscans and the Celts, are Thracians.

[@DavidJamesquoracy]

Many thanks for this great overview.

[@CitrianSnailBY]

Cool and very interesting. 👍🏻

[@JuLingo]

Thanks for watching!

[@valentinavasileva1507]

" In addition to ancient chronicles, we also have information from archeology. The ancient Etruscan domed tombs are a real copy of the Thracian ones, and since there are reports of Thracians coming to the Apennines, we must assume that there was a Thracian influence over the Etruscans. It is also manifested in the same weapons, tools of labor, ornaments, but above all domestic ceramics. It is the clearest sign of Thracian presence in the lands of Etruscans and Latins." (Pavel Serafimov)

[@gentkamberi8533]

Etruscan were way ahead of Greeks . Etruscan women owned land and were worthy leaders . Si no they were not Greeks by tradition.

[@marcpaola1371]

8n fact you could say in a way, the Etruscans had a form of democracy long before the Greeks made contact there. Maybe that's where they got the idea from

[@nezperce2767]

Iliad puts pelasgians somewhere else, thus look again where herodotus puts them. Then rasena is written in greek in yr video😮

[@joshuaperkins9916]

@gentkamberi8533, it’s true, that sort of society falls in line with the Celts and Germanic tribes. Despite their language not being of Indo-European, they still probably have some dna from them and certainly cultural traits. I do know they were really good metal workers along with the Celts and collaborated in developing the long cheek guard helmets together, which in return was adopted by the Romans and Greeks, much like other Celtic technologies.

[@nezperce2767]

@@joshuaperkins9916 not according to ancient docs

[@goranbras4767]

Etrurci su sebe nazivali Raseni ! Srbi su u srednjem vjeku nazivali Rašani ili Rasi !Mađari i danas Srbe nazivaju Raci .U Srbiji cela oblast se zove Raška i grad stari grad Ras.Rusi sebe nazivaju Rasi ,dakle isti koren etnonima RAS !

[@StereoSpace]

My father had a copy of H.W. Janson's History of Art (from a college class) that I used to read through as a child. I remember looking at the ornate furniture and bronze castings the Etruscans made, as well as the stonework they left, and thinking that I was looking at an advanced civilization. I've always been fascinated by them and wish we knew more about them.

[@jorehir]

A big % of Italian DNA comes from Anatolia (pre-turkic, mind you). So, a relationship between Etruria and Anatolia is not only probable, but certain.

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

Serbian genealogy

[@anonimoantropomorfo5710]

All Europeans have DNA from Neolithic Anatolia.

[@e.h97]

@@Greensanctuary-c4woooooomg🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@e.h97😂😂😂😂

[@unitor699industries]

you got a new sub i love history

[@jaquesaulait]

This is interesting, as usual, but the music mix is far too loud; it sounds like you're competing with it. It's really distracting.

[@davidvaughn367]

That story,of the last time Etruscan was spoken, has always been so beautiful, and sad. Its like, we almost Know, the last time those words were uttered.

[@ЈугославНиколић]

Hungarians also had more advanced culture when arrived in Panonia?! :) They were percieved as wild as wolves.

[@SaerosTheDragon]

This is great! I love how you connect it all, the language, the people's history, the impact on other languages, even the DNA =-) Also, the background music is beautiful, what is the name of the song, please?

[@lucaventinove3151]

One of the possible legacies of the Etruscan language may be some specific phonemes of the modern Tuscan language, mainly the sounds /kh/ and /th/ which aren't found in any other Italian language. Since Tuscany was the core land of the Etruscan civilisation, it's possible that those phonemes of the ancient language survived and evolved through Latin and remained in modern Tuscan.

[@AnAverageItalian]

As far as I'm aware, the Etruscan origins of the Tuscan Gorgia have been thoroughly disproven

[@AmyThePuddytat]

No, that makes no sense. Those sounds developed from Latin in predictable ways. The same changes occurred in Germanic.

[@lucaventinove3151]

@@AnAverageItalian Oh I didn't know that, thanks

[@lucaventinove3151]

@@AmyThePuddytat I thought they were unusual because no other Italian language has those sounds. But I suppose it can be possible considering Spanish has the /kh/ sound

[@chitlitlah]

I'm fascinated by pre-Indo-European languages and cultures. I tried to learn some Basque at some point but didn't get far due to the shortage of learning material in English.

[@gerald-dw7vp]

There's quite a lot of material though... A few big grammars, dictionaries, learning books...

[@chitlitlah]

@@gerald-dw7vp I only remember finding two books by the same author, and I have one of them. Most of the stuff I found was for Spanish-speakers. I wish DuoLingo had Euskara. I know a lot of people don't like it and you're not going to become fluent with just DuoLingo, but my phone is on me every moment of the day and it's easy and kind of fun to practice with it. I learned some Latin using it while working on the road staying in hotels without much to do.

[@viktorbaraga4514]

Etruscan was developed from Vinca script. Greek is a copy more or less from Vinca script and Latin took it from Greeks. Etruscan writing on a large stone block was deciphered using Cyrillic Serbian alphabet, which uses 28 letters from Vinca script. Comparing the letters of Vinca, Greek, Etruscan is showing which one was first. Its Vinca. Phelascians lived in mainland Greece before the Greeks arrived from the Ionian sea island. Crete is loaded with archaeological remains which are showing the presence of population before the Greeks, namely Pelasgians.

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

Yes, but that does not follow the official , false narrative.

[@e.h97]

Serbo mongol, calm down you have nothing to do with this history. The Cyrillic letters were given to you by the people of east Roman empire, Roman empire used different systems of writings, Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and few others. When you came in Balkan you didn’t know how to write so you took everything. You have nothing to do with vinca culture because you came thousands of years later.

[@e.h97]

@@Greensanctuary-c4wthe official narrative is correct, the serbian false narrative that can lie all day long is the one that it is false. It is a fact that you have nothing to do with those historical events. You are basically in the land of Albanians and Romanians , you are stealing their history. It is genetically proven that slavs came much later in Balkan, and if you see those paintings they depict brown skinned people and not mongols with white skin like serbs are

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@e.h97Albanians are Turkish tribe mixed with indigenous people of Balkan- Serbs

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@e.h97noone gave us nothing. You were given history by Austrians

[@anthropos_94]

Outstanding, thank you.

[@Vlda2393]

Etruscan language WAS deciphered in 1968 by Svetislav Bilbija. Not knowing about it, in the 1980-es a professor Chudinov from (what was back then) Soviet Union, also deciphered it.

[@albalb6409]

Was translate from slavic language?

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@albalb6409serbian

[@ccapt]

@@albalb6409why slavic? no any relations.

[@naky6]

@@albalb6409 Bilbija used Serbian language to deciphered Etruscan, or should we say Rasennian, they call themselves Rasenna, and first name for Serbia was Rascia…

[@albalb6409]

@@naky6 Your fairy tale is very beautiful. It's a shame that when the Etruscans had their civilization, you Serbs still slept in caves. For the first time you set foot in the Balkans in the 6th century AD, and you never set foot in central Italy. These fairy tales are for people who have never had a story, but remain just a fairy tale in your dreams

[@whattowatchrightnow]

this is great content. great job

[@ggauche3465]

You said 12 thousand BC twice in the vid, but did you mean 12 hundred BC? It matters; enough to correct it. I always enjoy your vids and recognise the amount of work you put in!

[@C_In_Outlaw3817]

Haha yea I think she meant 1200 bc. Back in 12,000 bc we weren’t even really farming yet

[@katet7991]

@@C_In_Outlaw3817: this is now being called into question since they discovered Gobekli Tepe in Turkey which (from memory) has been calculated to be roughly 10,000 years old.

[@viktorbaraga4514]

I2a YDNA s the original 45.000 year old haplogroup in Europe if we dont count Neanferthals. R1a came to Danube basin from Anatholya cca 7000 BC , R1b predominantely arrived from the eastern steps cca 3500 BC dominant in Western Europe today. There are other haplogroups but in smaller percantages.

[@viktorbaraga4514]

@@C_In_Outlaw3817 first stationary farming started in Danube basin ca 7000 BC . By inventing melioration they upgraded farming practices they learned from the Anatolyans.

[@SantaFe19484]

I have learned more about the Etruscans from this video than ever before in my life.

[@JuLingo]

Happy to hear you found the video useful!

[@turkcenindili]

There are no gender-specific pronouns in the Ural-Altaic language family. Of course, I am not saying that they came from Asia, but as historical data increases, we will understand better.

[@lidiabano4698]

Looks like vinca script.

[@jamesgriffith4]

Julie, please cover Algonquin, Iroquoian, and Athabaskan languages.

[@emreaknc3833]

Etruscan is not like any "European" language.But close to Altaic and Uralic languages. Because it is agglutinative. Other agglutinative languages are Altaic languages such as Turkish (Turkic), Finnish, Hungarian (Fin - Ugor) and Uralic languages such as Korean, Japanese, Mongolian. Agglutinative languages form words by attaching various affixes to roots to denote grammatical functions. Example: plural, tense, or case suffixes are directly attached to nouns or verbs. Noun and Verb Conjugations: For example Etruscan and Turkish use similar methods in the conjugation of nouns and verbs. In both languages, noun conjugations employ morphological markers such as plural, possessive, and case suffixes. In verb conjugations, tense, person, and mood suffixes are significant. By the way, another agglutinative language is Sumerian. However, in Sumerian there is also prefixes.

[@JanoTuotanto]

Englishborne agglutinations plentifulliate ;) ag- glutin-ati-ve is an agglutination.

[@emreaknc3833]

@@JanoTuotanto :) Not creating a word from another. Creating phrases with suffixes to verb's root. Turkish: İngilizleştirebilemediklerimizdenmisiniz? İngiliz(1)-leştir(2)-ebil(3)-eme(4+past tense)-dik(5)-ler(6)-imiz(7+we/again)-den(8) misin(10)-iz(9)? Meaning: Are(10) you(9) one of(8) those(6) whom(7) we(5) could(3) not(4) angli(1)cize(2)? İngilizleştirebilinememişlerdenmisiniz? Are you one of those who could not be anglicized?

[@unbeatable_all]

Altaic is rejected by basically every mainstream linguist, it's a sprachbund if anything. Agglutination doesn't mean that languages are related, many unrelated languages are agglutinative. Also your obviously a troll 😂

[@emreaknc3833]

​@@unbeatable_all :) Read again what I wrote untalented troll.

[@Eppu_Paranormaali]

Finnish and Hungarian are Uralic, not Altaic languages and definitely not in the same family with Japonic and Koreanic languages if you don't go as far as a hypothetical pre-proto-humanic language. The latter three Asian languages are in their own respective language families, not even related to each other.

[@kasturipillay6626]

Thank you, your videos are excellent and you are such an eloquent, lady. ❤😊👍

[@mkli3459]

Hey @JuLingo, I mean this in a good way and I don't want to hurt your feelings. I want to give you a cognitive scientist's tip for your future videos. It would be nice if you didn't try too hard to entertain the viewers. Nowadays it is common to use very disturbing background music in videos and to interrupt the speech so that the listener is out of breath. This is a trend, but you don't have to follow it. A better option is to think in terms of empathy, i.e. to think about who is watching the video. Of course, then you have to make generalisations, but when you are aiming for a large audience, then it is also a question of generalisations. An empathetic approach in this case means understanding what kind of people most people are who watch videos on the subject in question. Viewers of such videos are often more interested than average in science and languages, possibly linguistics. I know a lot of people in this group and I can tell you that fast talking, distracting background music or anything like that, does not appeal to this target audience. Don't think that you have to make a video for the masses and that you have to follow some general idea of how to make videos. So, breathe, talk slower, take pauses, place background music only at the beginning and focus only on the content itself. So it's not a music video, it's not something that you have to try to keep the viewer engaged, it's not something that you have to specifically entertain them with. It's a video for people interested in this particular subject. I hope you took this in good spirit and understand what I mean.

[@jtinalexandria]

A brilliant video as usual.

[@Khorasan_Turco]

The Etruscans have connections with the Scythians and the Pelasgians.

[@gaufrid1956]

Anatolia was widely viewed as the place from which the ancestors of the Romans came. Specifically Aeneas, from Wilusa, after the sack of that city by the Mycenaean Greeks in the late Bronze Age. So, if we have Herodotus mentioning an Anatolian ancestry for the Etruscans, it does make sense that it may be true. If there is a similarity to Hurrian, then that also points to Anatolia. There were many languages in Anatolia in the Bronze Age, and not all of them were Indo-European. Latin, of course, is Indo-European, as was Nesili, the language of the Hittites. Wilusa was a vassal of the Hittite Empire. I'm no linguist, but do love languages, and one thing I have noticed is that languages often simplify over time. As a result, I found it interesting, Julie, that you mentioned that the Estruscan alphabet reduced to 20 letters. Obviously there was also an influence on Latin, though the two languages were very different. Have you done a video on Nesili, Julie?

[@LuisAldamiz]

Aeneas is almost certainly an Etruscan legend adopted by the Romans.

[@gaufrid1956]

@@LuisAldamiz I'd agree wholeheartedly. Since the story of Aeneas comes through the Iliad to eventually to Virgil's Aeneid, it would seem to indicate the possibility of the origin of the Etruscans at least being partly due to an exodus from Anatolia at the time of the Bronze Age Collapse. Perhaps they became the elites, and of course merged with the local populations of Etruria. Until we have deciphered Etruscan documents of a different nature to those obtained so far, we have no way of being sure.

[@LuisAldamiz]

They're not that mysterious: they were along the Lemnians the last of the Pelasgo-Tyrsenian peoples, who dominated Asia Minor and parts of the Balcans (Vinca and Dimini culture notably) for a very long time, deriving ultimately from the Halaf culture of Upper Mesopotamia and bringing Y-DNA J2 to Europe first of all. They were indeed the Teresh = Tyrsenoy and there's no contradiction whatsoever with Rasna, because "ty" was (necessarily) the Etruscan definite article ("the" in English, compare with ta = this in documented Etruscan); ty-rasna = tyrsen-os = the Etruscan, this we also see in the name of the Tiber river, which was ty-iber-is (Etruscan article - Vasconic core - Latin nominative suffix). Mythologically Tyrsenians left a massive legacy in Greece: Aita > Hades, karun > Charon, Titos (Tinia for Etruscans but Titos in Asia Minor) > Titans, Apru > Aphrodite, etc. They also get various oriental words like Nept (Neptune) == Nephtis (Egyptian goddess of the waters) or Lukumon (king) == Lugal (king in Sumerian) or probably also the *uri root of Latin "urbs", otherwise common in the Mediterranean in the ili/iri form instead, which is Levantine, while uru is Mesopotamian and also spread to Dravidic India. Etruscans were massively influential in Rome, which was no doubt partly created and ruled by them; the alphabet we're using is a barely modified Etruscan alphabet, the Roman forum was drained and built by Etruscan engineers and Romans depended on Etruscan sages for interpreting the lightning (Latin divination was about entrails and the flight of birds but they knew nothing of reading the thunderbolts). Etruscans/Teresh arrived to Italy c. 900 BCE, four centuries after the Celto-Italics but before these were consolidated in Central-South Italy yet. They almost certainly arrived along with another "sea people": the proto-Phoenician Shekelesh, which ended up in Sicily and coalesced into the Sicels, giving Sicilians a unique Syrian-like type of genetics that doesn't exist anywhere else in Europe.

[@yllidomi2772]

Come si chiamano i Balcani in quello tempo

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

​@@yllidomi2772Hlm. Vinchan civilization

[@Tybold63]

Great video and enjoyed the content. A gentle suggestion would be to lower the volume of the background music (could be I am particularly sensitive).

[@raadamant3747]

Аctually there are at least 5 scientists who proved and translated Etruscan language and it is know for SURE THAT IT IS SLAVIC ORIGIN.

[@nikosibarramante2677]

I sang several rheto-romano songs from Canton Graubunden in Switzerland, and some the words you mentioned does appear in the lyrics. According to what is known, the Etruscans conquered the Rhaeti and the the latter syncrectized their conqueror's language. Later the Romans added their language to the mix. I await further research about the Etruscan language.

[@lorencrama7463]

Even today in south of Albania is Tosk dialect

[@kidmohair8151]

this is great. the exploration of old, no longer understood languages, is fascinating "dead" languages have a habit of showing up in strange and unusual modern places.

[@elforeigner3260]

Etruscans were pre-Indoeuropean Italians.

[@srdjandobrota2864]

According to their DNA they are not, they had 75% Y: R1b, that is Eastern European stepper people.

[@blessed7614]

​@@srdjandobrota2864lol, haplogroups doesnt work like that...

[@Ajemone]

@@blessed7614Invece si funziona così tutto ha il suo peso e i loro antenati maschili erano Indoeuropei R come me, lo stesso vale per i Romani dato che erano una fusione di Latini Italici Indoeuropei e Etruschi sempre Indoeuropei geneticamente e genealogicamente

[@Ajemone]

@@blessed7614Io sono R1b U-152 e principalmente con DNA Indoeuropeo e Anatolico Neolitico con poco WHG e sono 70% Italiano e il resto è principalmente Centro Europeo Germanico e Sud Italiano etc.. e sono 100% Europeo West Eurasiatico e parlo e pratico la stessa cultura e ramo linguistico linguistico dei miei antenati

[@jameshorn270]

It should be noted that Herodotus sometimes cited things which he acknowledged were hard to believe but it was what he had been told. In the case of the ants, they are not exactly giants, but there are ants which, in digging their ant hills, dislodge grains of gold and drag them to the surface. Herodotus has a valid claim to be the first historian (after all, the discipline derives his name from the title of his work) but he is fairly good about distinguishing what he knows from what he may have been told by tour guides. He was also born in Halicarnassus on the southwestern coast of Turkey, and lived part of his later life in the Athenian colony of Tauri on the Italian bootheel. He may not have gotten the origin of the Etruscans right, but he may have heard of some other emigration to the area earlier that he mistook for the origin, but may have been in fact absorbed by Etruria or the Italic cities.

[@DipakBose-bq1vv]

Russians claim that Etruscans are slavic.

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

Serbs

[@sghxcy]

@@Greensanctuary-c4w Funny, since Slavic people do not speak agglutinative languages

[@Ajemone]

@@sghxcyOr simply that Etruscan is not a INDO-EUROPEAN language like the Slavic branch…………🤦

[@sghxcy]

@@Ajemone I hope others also will get this fact😉

[@blackarawak83]

​@@sghxcyincluding some of the more chauvinistic Serbs 😅

[@thaispirit3115]

Very interesting greetings from Greece

[@illyriankingdom8810]

😀😀😀fake history by.a idiots etruscet were pelasgian Etruscan language explain only Albanian language Greece name never exist before 18th century the truth history are in archives and not fake books to manipulated from priests just to lie the people in schools

[@mfrancuzik]

Writing from Etrusken is close to slawik writing. Look Google " runy słowiańskie. This writing is decodet.

[@anakacharava4159]

Nope.

[@Jerina369]

Most probabbly they originate from H'lem i.e. The Balkans. So called Ilyrria, but the entire Trase, Tracia (Rassia, Rasena, Rasna).Germans called the Serbs Raci,There is sooooo much similarities between the two, its asounding 6! Im not exegarrating

[@Greensanctuary-c4w]

True😊