Just How Screwed Are We If Thwaites Glacier Collapses? | Lightning Round

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Today I'm taking questions from the Answerphiles on Patreon. From questions about privacy to quantum physics to cosmology to the Antarctic Thwaites glacier that could doom us all, here's the quick and dirty lightning round answers for you.
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LINKS LINKS LINKS:
www.fastcompany.com/90694019/...
law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects...
constitutioncenter.org/intera...
www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-tec...
news.mit.edu/2022/ultracold-a...
www.theguardian.com/environme...
www.cnn.com/2022/01/10/politi...
interactive.pri.org/2019/05/a...
TIMESTAMPS:
0:00 Intro
1:20 Ending Daylight Savings Time
3:05 How Do We Know The Universe Is Expanding?
5:34 Is Privacy A Protected Liberty?
8:42 What If We Could See Other Wavelengths?
10:48 MIT Quantum Supercold Experiment
12:24 Where Does Software End And Hardware Begin?
13:23 Thwaites Glacier
16:38 Sponsor and Close

[@MissSimsalot]

I feel really sad for Joe this entire episode. Maybe we should just have an episode dedicated to questions like "what's your favorite colour?" "How are you feeling lately?"

[@DaleFrewaldt]

"Are you staying hydrated?" "Getting enough sleep?"

[@elephantchessboard9060]

Everyone's asking "What does joe think about ultracold quantum tornadoes?" but they never ask "How does joe feel about ultracold quantum tornadoes?"

[@blueskyla7978]

It’s like “Hey Joe, please answer my question I don’t want to lookup myself because your explanation based on your own research is highly entertaining and informative.” But really, “Hey Joe what’s your favorite wavelength on the spectrum?” That could be an interesting answer to hear.

[@OhAncientOne]

I bet Joe's favorite ice cream is Blue Moon. It's teal colored !

[@Research0digo]

LOL If he were female, there'd be no end to the 'pregnant pause' jokes, too.

[@mrallelectriccarlunacy]

"how we know time travel is not a thing: they would be zapping over here and slapping us in the face over and over again". Let me introduce you to the show Travelers. 11/11 would watch again.

[@tintinjailhouse1312]

Yea where Can I see that ?!! Plzplz tell me all ABOUT that plz

[@winstonsmith11]

@@tintinjailhouse1312 Google is a thing

[@hanoifilms503]

@@winstonsmith11 it's not on Google

[@hanoifilms503]

@@tintinjailhouse1312 if you have a Netflix TV you can watch it on that. Good show

[@tintinjailhouse1312]

@@hanoifilms503 hehe I do not have that bro sorry to say sorry my fail most BE :(

[@mikeemaus617]

When told the reason for daylight saving time the Old Indian said …"Only the government would believe that if you could cut a foot off the top of a blanket, sew it to the bottom, and have a longer blanket.”

[@WVgirl1959]

Lol

[@PoeticJusticeSC]

Once the weight of a glacier moves from being supported by land to being supported by water (floating), the effect on sea level occurs. Whether that mass of water is solid or liquid doesn't matter. That means the impact on sea level rise is based in the glacier sliding off the land, not when it melts.

[@kimlibera663]

Eustacy

[@linvillejeffrey]

So I need clarification of how this has the potential to raise sea levels a foot or two immediately and 8 foot when it melts...? Am I missing something about the volume of water?

[@ckl9390]

@@linvillejeffrey The Thwaites Glacier alone will raise sealevel by about 1-2' by displacement or melting as it much of it's mass is currently suspended out of the water. This could happen in short order upon the glacier collapsing. The additional ~8' is from the West Antarctic Ice Shelf, which is mostly sitting on land or above sea level, either melting or sloughing off into the sea and displacing water. This could still be an increase over the course of decades, but if large chunks the size of small countries fall in then an almost immediate and proportional change will occur. The Ice shelves that are already suspended in water don't increase sea level when melted because their mass of ice already displaces it's weight of water. You can test this yourself. Take a glass and fill it about half way with water, mark a line, then add a few ice cubes as long as they are freely floating, mark a line, then wait for them to melt. The glass should still be at the same line as it was before. The previous difference in volume represents when Ice that was not previously freely floating fell in from above water level. It should be the same as if you had a glass at the same level and took the same ice cubes and held them over the mouth of the glass in a sieve to melt out of the water.

[@kimlibera663]

@@samuelkeystone We'll have to see next winter what effects might be.

[@samuelkeystone]

We should study what happened the many times before when this happened. Why did the younger dryas event reverse warming.

[@jb76489]

0:12 “yeah I went on a shooting spree in early December” dear god joe phrasing

[@todddammit4628]

As a photographer, I can confirm we're all oblivious to how we sound to the rest of the population. "I shot a wedding last weekend", "Its hard to track people moving when shooting them", etc.

[@todddammit4628]

Or this exchange: A: "I shot a school last month" B: "Oh cool how many kids?" A: "About 400" B: "How old were they?" A: "Idk elementary so between 5 and 10 years old" B: "Was it difficult?" A: "Yeah some of them wouldn't stop moving, some were pretty combative. Overall pretty easy though"

[@puffapuffarice]

As a former 20th century Sears Employee, I have to say the boundary between Hardware and Software was the aisle between Shoes and Power tools

[@dawnpalmby5100]

As a former sears employee, I could picture it perfectly as I read your comment

[@confuseatronica]

when i was a kid the boundary was video games! It was tools, a walkway, atari 2600(the weird sears version) and then coats...

[@Research0digo]

GO CRAFTSMAN!

[@coloradoron7649]

Hi Joe! Once the ice shelf slips off of a land base and is entirely in the water the rise in the oceans will be fairly instantaneous. Just like slipping an ice cube into a glass of water. We would not have to wait for the ice to melt. The displacement is automatic.

[@silvergreylion]

Yeah, except with the vastness of the oceans, it's going to be propagating as a 1-foot tsunami shortly after it slides into the ocean.

[@kodabuck225]

@@silvergreylion I mean, depends where you are. the force of it falling in the water is gonna push it up higher than 1 foot, but it'll dissipate over distance, so like prob wont be a tsunami in Greenland, but prob will be in southern Santiago.

[@alwenke212]

Guess we will just have to thwaite and see . 😁

[@StrangeScaryNewEngland]

@@silvergreylion Haha. A baby tsunami. EVERYONE RUN! There's a foot of water coming at us!!

[@nickkacures2304]

My daughter did a 6th grade school science project on glaciers 2 years ago and chose Thwaites because it is called the Doomsday glacier.she made the pool of water with blue dyed ice and showed how to the shelf ice held back the grounded ice.The older guests and even principal said it was an extreme example and wouldn’t happen for hundreds of years. Now Thwaites could be ungrounding in 3 to 5 years . Also the basin Thwaites sits in is in retrograde it slopes towards glacier which is very serious the shear walls are 1200 feet tall and structurally unstable.

[@matthewmckever2312]

😮😢😂she should have straight up asked them how they knew it was extreme? Their answer "Because I said so It just is Okay"😮

[@nicolasduguay4]

The title should have been "Joe, talking about things he is not qualified for" I laughed several times, thanks Joe

[@Anankin12]

That's basically his channel, as he often points out himself

[@nicolasduguay4]

@@Anankin12 True that! Isn't that video even more?

[@notyoyoma]

Joe: [reads question] - [blinks] - uhhhhhhhhh...

[@CharlesBosse]

"Answers" (uh, sure) with Joe 😂

[@inyrui]

@@nicolasduguay4 what does your comment even mean dude Even the op comment is wrong "talking about things he is not qualified..." not qualified to what? You didn't even finish the sentence lmfao

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

I'm a constitutional lawyer. Your answer to the privacy question was fine, though it is a bit more complicated than that. It's not only the 14th amendment, but the 14th started a line of interpretation of incorporating different areas of the constitution together because it fundamentally changed the nature of what the Constitution was. It is sometimes called the 2nd founding because it had such broad implications. In the realm of privacy, they incorporated privacy issues in a bunch of different amendments, including the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 14th. They began interpreting what constitutional principles exist that the 14th amendment guarantees must be applied and incorporated. And privacy is the most significant of those issues. Other countries have privacy much more explicitly in their constitutions, leading generally to better decisions on the issue. We're kind of stuck teasing out what we can from a pretty limited text, which has some pros and some cons.

[@milesrout]

The fact is that the US Constitution says nothing about privacy. The best way to tell is this: if it had some explicit clause relating to privacy, would anyone interpret the rest to say anything about it? Of course not. People only read 'privacy' into the US Constitution because they want to, not because it's there. And it's only a sacred cow because highly politicised issues were decided on the basis of this interpretation. That doesn't make the interpretation right. It just reinforces how dangerous it is to have a virtually unamendable Constitution, the interpretation of which is used to establish national social policy.

[@eacaraxe]

@@milesrout Because it does not have to. Privacy is a necessary condition for assembly, free exercise, prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure, immunity from self-incrimination, and substantive due process. Without privacy, and and all of the above rights, privileges, and immunities guaranteed by the Constitution not only fail to function, they fail to exist. That is not mere interpretation, it is a fundamental fact the Fourth and Fifth Amendments in particular are explicit outlines to a right to privacy -- namely, that against police power. This is why strict constructionism is the single most dangerous legal theory in American jurisprudence.

[@goatse99]

@@milesrout Maybe we aren't all using the same definition of privacy. You don't have a positive right to somehow stop others from knowing things about you (like the euro-continental right to be forgotten, which would never fly in the US), but the fourth amendment is intended to be a clear restraint on the government's ability to collect information about you.

[@emdoubleyew3788]

I love how Joe’s viewers are so wide on specialties and interests. Kudos.

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

@@eacaraxe In constitutional parlance, it is a "principle of ordered liberty."

[@adamstevens5518]

I almost got into a car accident because of daylight savings time. I had been commuting to my rural job at the same time for months, then all of a sudden, because of the time change, I had the sun in my face as I drove up a steep hill. Without the sudden change I would have noticed the sun gradually getting more in my face each day and brought sunglasses, but with the sudden change I was temporarily blinded and lucky to have made it up the hill without serious incident.

[@mikeximenez5285]

@@renevile do you also not actually know what’s going on every time you comment? 😂 the internet should have a comprehension test you have to take before you can add comments to anything 😂😂😂

[@kodabuck225]

@@renevile uhhhhh dude ya kinda need to see in order to drive, thats the whole reason why blind people aren't allowed behind the wheel. only thing skill gives ya in that situation is not getting spooked and spinning out, swerving, or something of the like, thats it. if something were to have happened like say a dear walking out or a car in front of them slow down, and they couldn't see in time, that woulda 100% resulted in an accident, no matter the skill of the driver, ya need your eyes working for that stuff.

[@kodabuck225]

​@@renevile do you not know the meaning of "all of a sudden" or something? we're not talking about a rainy day here, we're talking about something that happened instantaneously outta the blue. ya can't prepare for something if ya dont know is coming, and slowing down safely takes time, and theres a thousand and two things that can happen and/or go wrong as ya do so. with how little detail they shared about the situation, ya can't say wether or not it had anything to do with their driving technique or skill in an instance like this. like seriously ya can't at all, we'ed need more detail for that.

[@adamstevens5518]

@@renevile if you are driving 55 MPH (the speed limit) and the sun instantly appears in your face, of course you immediately slow down, but it’s none the less dangerous as, starting at 55 MPH, you are suddenly blinded.

[@eefaaf]

I used to work at a lab where we had some old computer systems (pre-PC) to register our measurements. The program needed for that had to be 'baked' into an eprom. The person creating the program, our software man, would send the binary to an other colleague, our hardware man, to do the actual baking. So, that's the difference between hardware and software: it depends on the title of the employee :)

[@odysseus5872]

Huge props to you for tackling questions outside of your comfort zone and putting in the time to give well thought out answers

[@FirstNameLastName-okayyoutube]

Notice there's no numbers for remodeling. I know that's definitely outside my comfort zone as a scientist and then go ahead and make predictions anyway

[@berylbazor3756]

Wow! You have some super Intel fans!

[@relax-nk2jl]

👈🔔▶️🎼😌🤩👍🥰 Subscribe, like and don't miss the premiere of the video! Be first!!, 🎶 🎵

[@dan203]

For the hardware/software question there is actually an intermediate between the two that we call firmware. (get it?) This is basically code that's permanently stored on the hardware because it's required for the hardware to even boot or function. These days it's common for firmware to be upgradable, but that wasn’t always the case. It use to be flashed onto write once memory chips so they had to be damn sure it worked before they went to production.

[@randenrichards5461]

He brought this up once before. In a nut shell he lets his patreon viewers see the video first as a perk, if said viewer has a KZbin and Patreon account there message will show sooner then the posted time of the video.

[@gabrielkarczewski4453]

Also code can change physical layout of an FPGA chip.

[@tomaszlis993]

@@gabrielkarczewski4453 It doesn't change the _physical_ layout, the physical layout of FPGA just has a ton of flip-flops and other accessories connected everything-to-everything (almost). The connections are not just wires though, each one has a transistor which can be opened - so connections can be broken by driving those transistors. The bitstream opens most of the connections, leaving a circuit which makes sense. So logical layout of the chip got changed, but not physical one - as soon as you cut power, you have everything-to-everything connected again. (I did simplified a lot of things above)

[@MrZnarffy]

It's more complex than that..In reality the border is fuzzy, as you have things like FPGAs,and while the "hardware" in a FPGA is fixed, when you program it, the hardware functionality changes.. And then you have ASICs, where the software hardwires the silicon. You can also use software as hardware in away, by say using the software in a flash chip as combinatorial logic..

[@probusthrax]

@@tomaszlis993 great job explaining an FPGA! But as you say its even more complicated. What about the static parts of some FPGAs. The NV stuff that changes during operation but is there on the next reboot. Is that a 4th category or do we lump it in with firmware.

[@boydmccollum692]

Regardless of CO2 emissions (if somehow we just reversed CO2 to less than 400 ppm tomorrow), whatever the Thwaites Glacier is going to do, is already in irreversible motion.

[@prjndigo]

August 4th 1944, Black Forest, Germany at a science/weather station the CO2 concentration was 554ppm. Don't believe the proxies the IPCC uses to lie about the past. According to the IPCC at that location, date and region the CO2 should have been under 130ppm.

[@boydmccollum692]

@@prjndigo Doesn't surprise me.

[@jasonengland2357]

It’s melting from under ice active volcanoes. Nothing we did to start this or anything we can do to stop it.

[@boydmccollum692]

@@jasonengland2357 well the more you know. Interesting omission. Thanks for the information.

[@JCGErvin]

Quick… Geosolar engineering at the poles!

[@danielpabbott]

This was a really cool video. Great work Joe!

[@Vo_Siri]

An inaccuracy in the question at 8:53 - We didn't evolve to see visible light because it's the peak of the Sun's output, we evolved to see visible light because it is the band that best penetrates water - where eyes first evolved. Water is largely opaque to both UV and IR.

[@donaldduck830]

Nope. Eyes evolved independently several times (eg insect eyes). Our eyes are adapted best to our atmosphere. I mean, how well do you see underwater?

[@treyguilbeaux8912]

@@donaldduck830 Arthropod eyes also evolved in the ocean. We see light perfectly fine in water. Focus is not the same because land sarcopterygians added a cornea to correct the difference of refractive index between the air and virtuous humor. Regardless, the evolutionary aspect of light sensation isn't dependent on water. Visible light energizes electrons without ionizing them. This allows proteins to use that light without getting damaged. UV opsins have evolved as well even though it tends to ionize, because it's useful.

[@michaelkeefer5674]

Then why is it that insects, reptiles and birds can see into the UV and mammals cannot?

[@pvic6959]

12:44 as an actual software engineer, thats what i believe too. And youd be surprised how cool it is to dive into how storage works! Would love a video about that too!

[@icarusbinns3156]

Talk to my roommate! That is his whole job! Couple weeks ago, my laptop did something weird, so I brought it out to ask for help. My roommate was in a zoom meeting, and I hear one of his coworkers, “I think your rubber duck has a question.” I often act as a rubber duck to help solve problems…

[@jico9918]

There are two very recent videos that really helped me understand how a computer works. I leave the links below. kzbin.info/www/bejne/h4van5iIl5Ktp6M&ab_channel=SebastianLague kzbin.info/www/bejne/f2GQmq2vppuka9U&ab_channel=SebastianLague I think that these can help answer the question made in this video.

[@TheBuckteeth100]

Hardware ends at the drivers which is software for the software to communicate with the hardware lol

[@icarusbinns3156]

@@TheBuckteeth100 …..I understood none of that

[@TheBuckteeth100]

@@icarusbinns3156 haha. Picture drivers as a translator between hardware and software

[@lebenergy247]

Good to see you! Happy New Year and I'm glad you're taking care of yourself and your precancer stuff

[@campbellmalcolm4875]

11:48 "Do you know what this means...coz I don't". 😆

[@xmiller7691]

At 14:15, the graphic of the crevasses in the glacier appears to be missing a newly discovered feature : the existence of "upside down" crevasses on the UNDERSIDE of the ice, which seems to mean the situation could be approximately twice as bad as it was believed to be before images of the underside were available. I never imagined anything like that would be the case, yet the evidence is right there, just not in that graphic. To see the true extent of the damage you will have to look elsewhere on KZbin.

[@mobilityproject3485]

He should make a while video... This was a waste of 3 min.

[@lukastemberger]

Also, I think Joe was suggesting it makes a difference if the ice is melted or not. If a glacier falls into the ocean, it increases the water volume by the identical amount while it's frozen and after it's melted.

[@punkdigerati]

@@lukastemberger I think you're forgetting that ice can float. Not all of it would be displacing water before it melted.

[@jakeaurod]

@@punkdigerati The ancient Greeks figured this out. How do you think displacement works?

[@lukastemberger]

@@punkdigerati Oh yeah, I totally forgot ice can float... Just please do a bit of research before making assumptions, that's all I ask.

[@bazoo513]

A bit of pedantry: once the glacier now on the ground slides into the ocean, it will rise the sea level immediately - no need to wait for it to melt. Actually, melting will change nothing. That's why we don't see sea level changes with seasonal Arctic melt. You know, Archimedes?

[@probusthrax]

That's what I thought. I was just about to comment about it.

[@tasticfan4286]

Well, immediately after the tsunamis settle.

[@lonestarr1490]

Melting does change local salinity levels, which has an impact on the stability of ocean currents.

[@nikhilPUD01]

@@probusthrax whats with 1days ago

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

Melting has an impact, but not nearly as big an impact of sliding into the sea. Warmer water takes up more space. It is a small effect (you don't see it in, for example, a glass of water or even a lake), but over the course of the whole ocean, it isn't insignificant.

[@JanOlafPettersen]

You are one of the greatest youtubers ever! Its just a good mix of facts, meanings and humour.

[@bsidegirl9069]

I sure do appreciate your humor and willingness to do your best to answer these questions! I especially enjoy your paused sighs and your honesty!

[@MadsVoorhoeveFlair]

Hey Joe, you mentioned you're a nightowl. A deep dive into this would be super interesting! I'm also a nightperson, with which I'm struggling to balance that seemingly natural rhythm and the social implications of the 9 to 5 world. Where do these different rhythms come from, and why is the 9 to 5 mentality so important in our society?

[@jasonarthurs3885]

I too am a night owl; it was explained to me that the condition is connected to one's body producing serotonin. Night owls apparently produce serotonin on a delay; our bodies tell us to sleep much later than the average person's.

[@TheSkystrider]

We're also evolved to nap in the middle of the day but we don't. Sleep is a huge thing we do wrong incl me. I'm the worst at it. I can't stand going to bed even though I need sleep and I don't want to wake up either. I hate losing so much time to sleep.

[@justdave9610]

I think people having varying sleep cycles would have been a very useful trait for survival among a social tribal group such as us humans so I'd reason the origin of night owls and people who don't conform to typical sleep schedules to stem from this fact.

[@justdave9610]

Also I think sleeping in one large chunk per day may be a recently adopted thing and so going against our nature in a lot of ways

[@glamdestruction2167]

Would love a video on that topic. As a fellow night owl, I've noticed over the last few years that if I'm left to my own devices, my natural rythm drifts until I'm operating approximately 4-6 hours behind my current time zone. My 9-5 job has suffered incredibly from that.

[@jrjubach]

Your beginning percussion and chair swivel are just so money dude. Don't ever stop doing that, please.

[@themagic8481]

I think Joe should deliberately not do that intro once just so we can watch people in the comments freak out about it :)

[@joescott]

Oh, they would. They very would.

[@Inertia888]

@@joescott We would be lost 😅

[@VeganV5912]

@@joescott kzbin.info/www/bejne/gonMmKB9j9BofLc

[@VeganV5912]

@@joescott .. Poor innocent animals. They didn’t do anything wrong ||||| they are in prison, and they are innocent !!!!. Imagine it was you, the victim !! Over a frigging 5 minute hamburger et cetera !!!!!! CuIt🔴foIIowing !!!!! You can have vegan burgers and vegan chicken and vegan pizza and vegan curry and vegan tacos and vegan burritos..... without murder !!! Simple !!! ✅🤷🏼‍♂️. Vegan burgers blindfold test, Number 1 ever, delicious !!!! KZbin delicious vegan food.....

[@georgewilliams8448]

Thank you for another informative and interesting and entertaining video!

[@MargoMB19]

7:07 This small breakdown of different laws at different times is really interesting to me. There always seems to be this dissonance between what we experience ourselves and what could possibly happen around us at that same time (specifically I'm trying to wrap my head around the fact that I lived just a couple states away from a state where I could've been arrested for being gay, a full 4 years after I came out...)

[@wandergust6791]

Oh Joe, I always enjoy when you talk about our impending doom.

[@davidanalyst671]

this channel used to have interesting and informative content. It doesn't anymore. stop reveling and encouraging bullcrap content

[@emilymarthasorensen1516]

Yes, I know! "Existential Angst with Joe" is such a fun subject. (Laugh.)

[@emilymarthasorensen1516]

​@Amethyst aka the garbage lady To be fair, it's always disappointing as a fan when a creator you follow gradually evolves their style in a direction you don't enjoy as much. I've experienced it all the time. A fan-left-behind may be happy for everyone who enjoys that creator's new style, but still sad that they were left behind. I like Joe's old style and his gradually evolving new style, so I'm not left behind in this case. I'm very happy with how his channel is going. I can empathize with people who may not feel that way, though, because I've been the one-left-behind in other places. Creator evolution happens. It's a necessary part of life! Sometimes fans and creators outgrow each other, just as sometimes friendships grow apart. It's not fun; it's just an inevitability that it will happen sometimes.

[@emilymarthasorensen1516]

@Amethyst aka the garbage lady (Laugh.) Yes, exactly!

[@3d1e00]

As a comment on the modified em spectrum sensitivity question. When I was young I was convinced that I could hear electricity because I heard clear tones on flashing lights. Car lights on motorways that flashed between the central safety barrier was probably the first memory. Then flashing led on stereo. It just got gradually more through my life to the point where I guess I have some sort of Synesthesia. I imagine being able to see a wider em spectrum may be like this. Best description I have is with music to light sensations it is like the shadow you get from looking at bright lights, but they have various colours and sit in your vision and to the outside of it like beyond your peripheral. Also they pulse to music. To be clear this is really annoying when tired and trying to speak with people. For some reason vocal range is more like a sparkly white, grey smudge right in the middle of my view. Just a random comment I guess 😁

[@gabrielhermesson9926]

I've experienced something like this, but I think for a wildly different reason. In this house I lived in in high school, there was a light with a dimmer switch. If the switch was set on the right light level, the bulbs would "sing"--they sounded a bit like wine glasses. My guess is, some combo of the alternating current and the light level would hit the bulb filament's natural frequency. Edit: somehow my phone autocorrected "natural" to "hashtag" 😑

[@MikaelIsaksson]

@@gabrielhermesson9926 Dimmers actually can hum though.

[@gabrielhermesson9926]

@@MikaelIsaksson The dimmers or the bulbs?

[@pauldeddens5349]

Im pretty sure you have an optical to audio form of synthesia. Where one form of sense stimuli causes another. It could be worse. Extreme cases of synthesia involve nearly every sense. And what would happen would be chain reactions. A bright light makes you smell oranges. The smell of oranges makes you itchy. Itchiness makes you dizzy. Dizziness sounds like a trumpet. Trumpets make you see bright lights. And then back to smelling oranges. That kind of feedback loop would be a true mess.

[@MikaelIsaksson]

@@gabrielhermesson9926 good question, not sure actually. When I was a kid dimmers were a new thing and many of them filled the room with a humming. If I would take a guess today it would be that they chose a frequency withing the hearing range. Don't know if it's the bulb or the electronics. Depends on how it's made. A filter before the bulb would at least stop the bulb from vibrating.

[@brucegreen1490]

I have seen mentions of a discrepancy between theory and data called "crisis in cosmology" and the data from the James Webb Telescope make the discrepancy even worse. A video on updates on this or any discoveries from the JWT would be great.

[@martyroseingrave9064]

So my understanding of the Hardware/Software question from experience building my own Pcs is Hardware is the actual physical components your pc is built from and Software is the programs you use to run the pc. A little like an engine and petrol in a car, the engine is the hardware and the petrol/software is used to make the engine/hardware run. Thanks Joe, always interesting and educational vids

[@kylenolan2710]

To be clear, the sea level rise isn't dependent upon the melting of icebergs. It occurs either when the ice calves into the ocean or when land-based ice melts and the melt water flows to the ocean.

[@nickbreen287]

Also requires it never to snow again, something never mentioned in the same articles as doom bergs.

[@nustada]

Also shelves don't hold back glaciers.

[@ontheruntonowhere]

@@nickbreen287 It is snowing a lot less. Also, the Northwest Passage used to be nearly impassible except via huge icebreakers, whereas now fiberglass sailboats regularly make the trip. The planet is warming.

[@93_LXcpe]

@@ontheruntonowhere been listening MSM have we lol

[@Radagast1953]

@PGH Engineer It appears that there are fractures in the glacier that, based on the rate they are expanding, could lead to a chunk of glacier [the size of Florida is what I've heard elsewhere] breaking loose from the rest of the glacier. This chunk would drop into the basin displacing a huge amount of water. Probably not the total volume of the chunk but a large percentage [think of an ice cube dropped into a bowl of water]. This water has to go somewhere and I believe the basin is connected to the ocean, even if is only a small channel. This is certainly going to cause a local tsunami. I don't know how long it takes for the wavefront of a tsunami to die down as it spreads out from its point of origin. However, if it is going to raise "sea-level" by 30 cm as scientists predict, I would think that would be one hell of a wavefront that could reach a lot of seacoasts. However, even if the initial wave front does not impact a coastline itself, the rising of sea-level by 30 cm is going to have drastic consequences within days [?] to all seacoasts. This is entirely different than the slow melting of the glacier.

[@seangonzalez4660]

I think the discrete difference between hardware and software that's been missed here is hardware uses gate logic (AND, OR, XOR, and NOT) and runs in parallel, while software is run through a CPU, where it's decoded, and is executed sequentially (at least sequentially per CPU/Core). FPGAs are programmable chips, but they still use gate logic and are written in VHDL. Where as software is ultimately whittled down to binary code which is passed through a CPU. Now the difference between firmware and software does have a lot of gray areas, but firmware is more of a subset of software; it's still passed through a CPU.

[@stephencollis1453]

good answer, couldn't have said it better myself

[@ProvenScroll]

Great answer!

[@jaymantisgaming]

i just think of it like 'the brain is hardware. the mind is software'

[@jacobh9241]

FPGAs are often used to replace some essential hardware in a system, like with a software-defined radio. Radios are often very dependent on very specific hardware that is not common between various applications. And there are a LOT of different applications for radios. FPGAs can alleviate that to some extent by allowing for 1 set of hardware to be used for multiple applications. But replacing hardware makes them seem like hardware--even though I agree with you that their programmable nature makes them more "software-like".

[@flexabigg1]

Thanks Joe for all you do!

[@paulhuhtala4541]

your explanation of why the farther the objects are, the faster they are moving, using the checkerboard analogy is the best explanation I have ever received. I am pretty educated and learning about the universe and science is a hobby of mine, but I've never quite understood it until now. Thanks!

[@martyzielinski1442]

Dots on a balloon being blown up is better......

[@itsirkeel]

Joe, I love your channel and also your supporters! Thanks to this lightning round and the idea of not only culture, but religious/spiritual possibilities for living beings on a planet with rings, you (and your Patreon person who mentioned seeing different light spectrums) have given me a huge waterfall of inspiration for a new novella! I've been wanting to write about humanoids with chromataphores, and I love the idea of putting them on a planet with rings and that, as you so creatively suggested, depending on where they are looking up (at least on as huge a planet as Saturn; for ease I might make it earth sized) they would have completely different experiences of what's 'above' them. Thank you so much for such a riveting spark of inspiration!

[@dr.jamesolack8504]

Not sure if religion and science should be discussed in the same topic. One is real. One is a belief.

[@itsirkeel]

@@dr.jamesolack8504 Yet both topics can be included in a work of original fiction. :) I was thanking Joe for the general musings of a fictional set of beings on a planet with rings.

[@jarrettesselman8144]

@@dr.jamesolack8504 in modern religious terms they are exactly the same thing.

[@MattQrillz]

Killing it Joe, good luck to you in the new year🤙

[@aislingekelloggdegomez4597]

The simplest explanation to knowing that the universes is that incredible heat is still driving it, and heat equals expansion. But yours is more detailed. Excellent!

[@outhousephilosophies3992]

As a layman with no qualifications etc I can tell you , the only part of the questions I understand was this was your first video this year yay 😁 love your work

[@thefourshowflip]

3:18 For anyone interested in epistemology, this is actually a pretty good place to look into things like Humes problem of induction (or Goodman’s new riddle of induction).

[@UncleWermus]

As far as Fishtail's question I would point to the 4th amendment. "secure in their persons, homes, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated." Seems like a pretty clear definition of privacy as a right to me. I understand the letter of the law is meant to refer to authorities, but it seems in the spirit that they intended for people to be able to keep to themselves without molestation.

[@RavenGlenn]

The third also pretty solidly defines your property as your domain and your domain only. Combined with the fourth it pretty much rules out any attack on someone's privacy.

[@Solnoric]

Yeah but the first ten amendments especially address specifically protections of the citizen from the government. The spirit and letter of the law align.

[@jakeaurod]

@@Solnoric As written, the 3rd and 4th amendments protect a citizen from the FEDERAL government. Some state constitutions followed suit, some didn't. It wasn't until the 14th Amendment that the concept of federal citizenship was used, instead of state citizenship. Then, the Supreme Court started the process of "Incorporation" wherein they claimed that the constitutional limits on federal power applied to the states. However, they didn't do this wholesale. So, every law about a right has to go to the Supreme Court to be "incorporated" piecemeal. But don't forget that you can argue the 9th Amendment too: "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

[@KB_Espy2009]

Hi, Joe, in the lines of “how screwed are we,” have you ever covered the sinkholes in Siberia or the methane seeps in Alaska?

[@MSB-sn1md]

Don’t forget the massive amounts of CO2 from before the last ice age being released as the ice caps melt and the slowing of the AMOC as those same caps melt

[@joyslabaugh8286]

Not, even a minute in and I am, loving your delivery! First, one I have seen all year, too! LOL 2 days old!

[@shexec32]

12:14 The way I think of it is as a phase transition to one of the quantum condensate states. You recall from high school science class that there are four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas & plasma. And you recall the names for the processes which transition one state to the other. For example, "melting" is the state transition from solid to liquid, "freezing" is liquid to solid, "boiling" is liquid to gas, and the processes going to/from plasma are "ionisation"/"recombination" respectively. Except... There are more than four states of matter. You have the Bose-Einstein condensates, the Fermi condensates, amorphous solids, superfluids, superconductors, neutronium, quark degenerate matter, non-equilibrium matter (remember your Time Crystals video?), antimatter, dark matter. And only one of those states are made up. In the MIT case, they are using Quantum Hall degenerate matter. We're nearly there. Those verbs we use to describe transitioning from one state to another: freezing, melting, sublimation; what's the verb for creating supercold QH matter?

[@jasonarthurs3885]

What about sublimation?

[@kindlin]

@@jasonarthurs3885 Solid -> Gas

[@planetdisco4821]

Sorcery lol

[@sebastiang.p.399]

Generally, whenever we've estimated this much time or that much time before something bad happens, we've been wrong. This is likely to happen much sooner still. Anyway, got my snorkel gear out, just in case. Cheers Joe!

[@glauberglousger6643]

My estimate would be 2025-2030

[@matman730]

Think about how covid has impacted supply chains. Now imagine that all the worlds ports are permanently flooded.

[@boathousejoed9005]

I wonder if rich people are speculating on future beachfront real-estate?

[@bcase5328]

And as pointed out in another channel, Trump didn't support spending money on a new seawall for New York City. [With New York City being a key junction in many systems that the United States' East Coast depends upon.]

[@danielpiazza4036]

Boogie board tied to you at all times. Be safe.

[@user-dj6ub4bi4x]

I lived in the state of Arizona in my early 20s. I grew up till then in states with daylight savings time. I usually forget the exact date just feel the approximate time of year it usually is. I asked my friend if the time to change your clocks was coming up and they looked at me like I had lost my mind. Allot of people who grew up in Arizona I met who weren't affected by family who lived outside the state don't now or care about it. I also met a lot of people who I agreed with that it was a pointless practice. I had friends and family on the east and west coasts so it made keeping track of their times more of a chore. Down with daylight savings time!!!

[@davidcrosthwaite]

“I’m sure I’m qualified to talk about this” 😂

[@staticcactus6029]

Your content is always refreshing. Really chill if you know what I mean. It’s too bad sometimes I have to thwaite for new videos. It can feel absolutely glacially slow. Pardon the puns of I’ve caused an upheaval. But really I hope this is cracking you up.

[@gayatri555]

Nope

[@davidanalyst671]

honestly. are you making a joke when you say his content is refreshing? The title of the video is asking whether the planet is going to kill us all in a freak of nature event right?

[@relax-nk2jl]

👈🔔▶️🎼😌🤩👍🥰 Subscribe, like and don't miss the premiere of the video! Be first!!, 🎶 🎵

[@jcmurie]

I would LOVE to hear more about those quantum tornadoes!

[@IMBlakeley]

I moved to an equatorial country that does not have DST in 2016, brilliant. I kind of miss the long summer evenings but that's set off but not having to endure the winter evenings.

[@careyatou]

Topic Idea based on the question of software v. hardware. Hardware encryption. I talked to a prof at UT Dallas who was working on hardware encryption, which to me seems like a software thing -- but he was working on encoding it into the hardware. A deeper dive into a topic like that would be very interesting.

[@chrisbalfour466]

Just a crazy idea, but we could make some giant snowmen on that glacier doing naughty things and when the glacier breaks loose the footage will go down in history all biblical-like. Mass destruction caused by creating snorgies would make future history lessons less depressing, imho. Bonus points if the snowmen are rigged to burst into flames during the collapse.

[@mobilityproject3485]

Not funny. Make a solution.

[@stanf1253]

Hey Joe watching from WA, love your videos been watching since 400k subs. As an environmental sci major, would love to see more videos relating to the issues discussed in my field like overfishing and sustainability, eutrophication (hypoxia, oxygen dead zones in body's of water from artificial fertilizer pollution) strange changes in food webs like wolves fishing for salmon, the effects of pharmaceutical dumping on marine species, species migration, etc... Fascinating topics :)

[@baneverything5580]

I`d love to see a study about the environmental and health damage caused by the millions of terrorist arson fires we saw across America. People are still suffering and dying from exposure to the smoke that came from the second worse terrorist attack in New York on 9/11.

[@stanf1253]

@@baneverything5580 Your comment just gave me an idea, a video about the steady increase of wildfires across the world and more specifically on the west coast due to climate change and poor wildfire prevention. As someone living in WA, ive noticed the increase of smoky summer days first hand, and every year it seems to get worse for Cali

[@JB-1138]

"Dear Joe, please do a video about all my homework topics."

[@stanf1253]

@@JB-1138 lol there's some truth to that.

[@esecallum]

BORING

[@emilymarthasorensen1516]

I want a deep dive on all of the physics questions in this video! :D Seriously, they're all fascinating questions, and I'd love to see a really deep dive into any or all of them. And I want Daylight Savings to either go away or become permanent. I don't car which; either way is fine. Whatever makes the most sense. Just no more clock-switching.

[@AnnieWarbux]

Well, Hello There!🤗 Very cool upload! The Thwaites Ice shelf is a Great Concern. The online Courses seem encouraging...

[@RavenGhostwisperer]

On the quantum tornados: I know as humans we would love to have a clear "classical" border, but that's not how nature works. Size and temperature are certainly factors in achieving quantum behavior, but nowadays we can have molecules behave like a quantum system (Bose-Einstein Condensate) or tardigrades (entanglement). Who know what we will succeed with in the future (cats anyone?). Also, neutron stars. TL;DR: The idea of a quantum border changes every time we learn more - there might not be a classical one.

[@unlikelysuspect5491]

Can we please quantum entangle a cat? Please

[@YounesLayachi]

Seems like you fell for sensational nonsense (tardigrades are not and cannot be quantum entangled nor can they exhibit any quantum property.)

[@Andulvar]

I like it when you get someone in the comments who will type out a paragraph or more and get all of their information wrong.

[@Kriegter]

yes i completely understand this

[@user-zn4pw5nk2v]

@@unlikelysuspect5491 quantum entangled people are a thing, the thing that passes information between two of them. I like that model, it looks normal. "No time travel required", the others need it. The idea that if you open the box and see the cat dead or alive, the quantum collapses and you become entangled with said cat, and become a (you see cat dead, you see cat alive) quantum superposition, but experience only one and untill someone opens the outside door to see/hear you, the cat is still both alive and dead, but with you next to it doing the appropriate, but different, stuff.

[@FragmentJack]

Hope your treatments are going well and congratulations on your upgrades. Hope you had some good holidays. You’re also a damn pretty good actor. Hoping to see some of that content down the line.

[@darkmadder9897]

Deniro manifestation...

[@rawbebaba]

Lol "sure I'm qualified to talk about this" love it

[@LaMagnatron]

Love the sketches! Keep em coming!

[@knightrider585]

Regarding the distinction between hardware and software, it depends on perspective. There is software (rom, firmware, Intel Management Engine, etc) inside hardware components that is software to the hardware engineer, but to an application developer would appear to just be part of the black box that makes the hardware work.

[@probusthrax]

To keep it general and simple, Software can change and Hardware is fixed and doesn't change. The line blurs around things like ROM (Read Only Memory), which is Software that doesn't change without changing the Hardware and FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) which is Hardware that does change depending on the programming... which is usually stored in a Programmable ROM (PROM). So you're not going to get a really hard answer to this. The best answer you can hope for is gonna be as soft as technology as it changes. ;)

[@bazoo513]

Well, there's the term "firmware" for that gray area.

[@davescott7680]

@@bazoo513 got there before me..haha

[@probusthrax]

@@davescott7680 firmware to configure FPGA's hardware so that it can be the hardware to run other software. Where does it end! The humanity!

[@laurentstorchi290]

@@bazoo513 i always consider the firmware to be part of the software but i guess it is open to subjective interpretation. And it can depend of who you are and what type of job you have.

[@bazoo513]

@@laurentstorchi290 Me too, actually.

[@TheB0sss]

I can't wait for the "how is stuff stored" video. I know quite a bit about it but I'm sure you'll educate me

[@ketfoen]

That last point that Joe pointed out about time travel is really interesting. It probably means that we are the present and aren't living in the past or future and time travel hasn't been invented yet or ever will, it could also mean we didn't survive as a species in the future or we just made it and our great great grand kids aren't mad at us trying to reverse our stupid ways.

[@relax-nk2jl]

👈🔔▶️🎼😌🤩👍🥰 Subscribe, like and don't miss the premiere of the video! Be first!!, 🎶 🎵

[@BigDaddyWes]

I can't help but think about how if that glacier did break off and the sea level rose 8-11 feet, there would still be am overwhelming number of people who would claim it was "normal" and that climate change wasn't caused by us.

[@kerrysmith1899]

That would be me. The whole Thwaits Glacier meme is a huge pile of horse apples.

[@jeremyphillips7827]

I think we would probably need to be cold-blooded to be able to see much in the infrared portion of the spectrum, otherwise the heat radiating from our own eyeballs would wash out the incoming infrared light, wouldn't it? Also, I had to laugh at the facial expression and sound effects starting at 12:27 and pinching off after 6 seconds. Out of context, you'd think Joe was laying a long, heavy cable. LOL

[@jacobforrester9827]

Actually we just need our visual cortex to catch up with our eyes. We have the structure in the eyes to receive infrared, but can't process it in the brain.

[@ckl9390]

I read recently that the Parietal eye diminishes from the fossil record as an animal becomes warm blooded. (I don't remember where, apologies.) The theory given is that a warm blooded animal doesn't need the statistical input on environmental radiant heat to inform decisions regarding body temperature regulation. However, as you suggest, being warm blooded may have washed out any meaningful input to the Parietal eye from our own radiant heat. This could have led to a constant state of confusion, so diminishing then omission of the sense became advantageous and not just a neutral trait that randomly faded.

[@ckl9390]

@@jacobforrester9827 Maybe people who uncannily know a person's mood at a glance, of if they're lying, etc... are accessing the existing thermal hardware in the eye but it's being processed subconsciously instead of as an image? Or at least through a different part of the brain as images are processed and compiled.

[@HarryNicNicholas]

@@ckl9390 possibly, i've noticed recently that flowers have more vivid colouring than i recal (i'm 67) and i'm wondering if my eyes aging has given me access to the ultra violet, like insects, on dull grey days red or yellow flowers really stand out to me. also i've been lobbying for a video on colour - light and objects have no colour of their own, colour is invented by the brain...

[@ckl9390]

@@HarryNicNicholas I remember hearing thorough a news story a long time ago about a case where an individual was missing or had very thin corneas I think (or another forward portion of the eye). He was able to see ultra-violet but had to wear eclipse grade sunglasses during the day or under exposure to many types of artificial light. However, he also happened to be an enthusiastic astronomer and could see the ultraviolet in starlight. The starlight was attenuated enough, even through an optical telescope, that he didn't need to wear the sunglasses for safety. I guess your ability to discern ultra-violet could be tested by having someone paint random shapes or numbers on a card with UV tracer paint, and seeing if you can see something of those shapes in sunlight where a control eye can't.

[@larrychristydoyle8202]

Loved that Brilliant transition! 😂

[@WVgirl1959]

I am glad that you mentioned morning people with the sound. They always want to somewhere early. Since I am a night owl, I agree with you. Lol.

[@csmic-phantm8095]

I'm enthused by the descriptive nature of your productions, so I'd like to commend you for the quality content that you're inclined to produce. What's more, is that I wish you only the best in regard to your apparently mild "spot dilemma". Peace and Love (Allegedly-) fello Sapien. 👽🙏

[@kensmith5694]

As soon as the glacier is floating in the ocean, the sea level rises. A floating body displaces its own weight in water. Thus if it slides off the land into the ocean, we see the rise.

[@vlrdngr4911]

It will still take several decades for the glacier to slide down into the water. It's quite big. But as soon as it is in the water the state of it (ice or water) makes no difference anymore.

[@nustada]

The idea of the shelf holding back the glacier is moronic. Think about which way the shelf is would move, if you cut it loose which way would it go. It would pull away with the current. It is like saying the boat prevents the dock from sliding into the ocean. Glaciers speed is determined by thickness, surface condition, in turn accumulation and ablation.

[@davidbeppler3032]

What would happen if Russia, that is not coastal decided to nuke the Thwaites Glacier? 11 feet of sea rise overnight? 3.8 billion homeless causing the collapse of western civilization? Has anyone told Russia not to do this? What can we do if they do? May we live in interesting times.

[@kensmith5694]

@@vlrdngr4911 The way the video was worded it made it sound as though melting was required.

[@probusthrax]

@@davidbeppler3032 well... If a country tried pulling a stunt like that, I wonder if that would trigger politicians to envoke a nuclear strike on the instigator. Ya know, the nuclear winter that followed may fix the problem all together. Hmmm... Something tells me there's a flaw in that logic.

[@profoundpronoun4712]

Keep doin your thing man!

[@bettyswallocks6411]

The greater part of the problem presented by the potential collapse of the Thwaites Glacier is that if the climate has warmed enough to create that problem, then the likelihood is that the Greenland Ice Sheet will also be in and accelerated state of melting, and the signs are that it is heading that way.

[@Tgspartnership]

bollocks

[@bettyswallocks6411]

@@Tgspartnership You seem to talk a lot of, yes,

[@halftome]

To add to the hardware/software question: I've seen firmware mentioned, but I'd go a step further. If we look at FPGAs for example, you write code that defines a hardware structure. Running your "software", produces "hardware" :') It's an interesting thing to think about, and the lines get more and more fuzzy as you think about modern hardware architecture. You write code to define what you want your hardware to do, and another piece of code generates some more code to tell a robot what to "print". Okay I've obviously oversimplified it, but it's an interesting thought.

[@Inertia888]

I love this discussion. I wish I had more knowledge of FPGAs, so I could see the whole picture a little bit deeper, but still, it's a fascinating question to me. Is there a hard line between hardware & software? Is there a hard line between the quantum and classical ? And as quantum computers are developed further, will we see this question become more fuzzy, or more defined? I can see the argument, where hardware is the silicon, and software is the state of the energy in that silicon, but I have a hard time finding the hard line between the two.

[@martinslade6741]

FPGA's definitely break the typical definitions of firmware vs software but they're so damn efficient! Good summary (:

[@pvic6959]

ok but what about the machincal computers of the past? like charles babbage's analytical engine? That was purely hardware

[@Radagast1953]

@@pvic6959 Yes, Babbage's "Difference Engine" [1820s], like most mere calculators, was purely hardware, designed to perform a series of hard-wired operations on its input data to produce an answer. However, he later came up with the design for the "Analytical Engine" [1837], which was to be "programmed" by punched cards [software], which would allow it to perform a variety of functions, depending on the "program" [on punched cards] loaded. Unfortunately it was never completely built & it was more than a century before the first general purpose computer was built.

[@rotoninja]

Out of sincere curiosity, how would a glacier falling off effect the rise of sea levels when the sea level is already displaced by the mass of glacier?

[@driverjayne]

The glacier is on land. Antarctica is an island. The ice shelf holding the glacier on to the land is floating on the ocean, but the glacier is on land.

[@rotoninja]

@@driverjayne Thanks, that makes sense.

[@mfaizsyahmi]

@@driverjayne to add to that, the majority of the antarctic continental shelf is depressed to below sea level due to the sheer weight of the ice, but that ice tops at several thousand meters above sea level. when the ice calves into giant bergs their bouyant level would be many hundreds of meters lower, and that means water displacement, which equals sea level rise. when the weight of all the ice is gone then the continent can start to slowly rebound, and that would displace even more water, albeit really slowly.

[@black5f]

If the ice is floating, when it melts there's no difference (well a tiny bit as the ice is fresh water and the sea is salt). But most of the ice is sitting on land and a large proportion of the ice "shelf" is so thick it's actually still sitting on the bottom of the sea. Oh, and increase in pack ice amount (floating) = rise, existing pack ice melting = no difference as it's already floating.

[@atom6_]

@@black5f There is a difference - thermal expansion, which is actually 1 of the 2 components of the sea level rise

[@s.vidhyardhsingh3881]

The universe expansion question....... well I learnt something..... and it blew my mind!!!! Thanks really Thank you very much!!!!

[@bramtencate2170]

Question for the next one: how fast can spacecrafts go now? And hat is the theoretical maximum with current technologies and future ones? (With consideration you need to slow down once you get where you want to go)

[@bwalters7777777]

Re: Thwaites - does a iceberg need to melt to raise the ocean level? It's said that 10% of an iceberg is above water so wouldn't it actually displace more while it's still frozen? This sounds like a little kitchen science experiment!

[@driverjayne]

It's not an iceberg it's a glacier. It's on land.

[@bwalters7777777]

@@driverjayne When it's released it'll be an iceberg - at least part of it.

[@thomascoolidge2161]

@@bwalters7777777 While its on land its not displacing water in the ocean... once it breaks free and is in the water it displaces the same amount whether its melted or frozen and floating on the top of the water. You can look up on youtube many videos of ice melting in water and how the water level stays the same as the ice cube melts. The main issue with glaciers on the Antarctica and Greenland is the ones that are land locked and how much they will raise the oceans when they break loose and melt. Theres a lot of glaciers connected to Antarctica that are already over water and it wont matter for ocean levels when they break free or melt since they are already displacing water.

[@nustada]

@@driverjayne No the part that is calving is not on land, unless you think they have subs that can go underground too. Why do fear addicted people lose the ability to think?

[@driverjayne]

@nustada I'll talk slowly so you'll understand. The ice shelf holding the glacier is on the ocean. The glacier is on land. That's why it's a glacier. The ice shelf isn't the thing that is going to cause the sea level rise. But when it melts enough to break free a huge fucking glacier will slide off the land and into the water. You're the one who is so afraid of the truth you've buried your head in the sand and refuse to listen to people who actually study this shit and know what they're talking about.

[@ease-l5330]

great video, here’s a suggestion for an upcoming one- look at the effects of the younger dryas climate event and the speculation around how it impacted potential proto-civilizations

[@kategleason6481]

"Do you know what this means? Cuz I dont." I love the questions you talk about with humor and humility. "I may have to get back to you on this one"

[@ronnonyabizness5240]

Would love to see your formula for calculating the volume of ice spread over the surface area of the ocean. Am interested in seeing how much air you account for in the ice and of course your numbers overall.

[@alancrawford8749]

My wife used to answer 911. There was a woman who called 911 to complain about daylight savings. Yes, she called 911 for this. Her complaint was that she had to water her yard more because of the extra hour of daylight. True story.

[@artdonovandesign]

I believe it! Amazing, right?

[@davidbeppler3032]

The amazing part is, we all agree to let those people live.

[@mistrants2745]

Permanent daylight savings, permanent normal time or switching back and forth is quite dependent on location. Specifically on just how far behind or ahead your official time is from the actual day and night cycle. A lot of places are in a timezone that doesnt make much sense with their actual day and night cycle because countries tend to prefer to be a single time-zone. Dependent on where you are, permanent daylight savings could be beneficial, or it could mean a time thats very uncomfortably seperated from the actual day and night.

[@thomassesselmann2093]

People seem to think that permanent daylight savings will magically give them more daylight hours in the afternoon, which joe repeated in this video. But that’s not really the case. It would essentially have the same affect as getting everyone to start work an hour earlier in winter. Essentially daylight savings comes down to whether you think it’s easier to change everyone’s clocks twice a year, or to change all businesses opening hours twice a year. A lot of places already change their business hours in the winter so maybe we could drop daylight savings?

[@Takeyoho]

Great work love you joe keep it up

[@Lordn_HighMaster]

Yes I understand it and I am deeply curious about what other quantum meta crstal vortices we could create and what they could do. I won't speculate here but the study of these materials could lead to new physics.

[@andywomack3414]

Thwaits Glacier. The collapse will not be a linear process. When similar, even larger events occurred in the past, the resultant sea level rise came in melt-water pulses.

[@CharlieTheNerd91]

Also, you gave me a little heart attack with "It is the last day of January" XD

[@Cryseris]

“2 days ago” What the video is 9 hours old how

[@philshorten3221]

Hi Joe, Between Hardware and Software we have Firmware. Hardware just refers to the physical electronics. Software is "1"s & "0"s stored as the state of hardware transistor junctions (On or Off). So Software is the states of transistors where the state of these transistor switches can be toggled On & Off. Firmware is" 1"s & "0"s stored in transistor junctions that are permanently set. So firmware is a program ready to run even without any battery backup. So it's a program of "1"s & "0"s made of hardware switches. In a computer Firmware is usually the "Micro-code" inside the micro processor that is the internal instruction code. Other Firmware is the initial "boot-up" program used to configure and launch the Operating System Software. Hope that helps with one of your questions😊

[@stvp68]

Had never thought about how rings would affect daylight etc. Cool!

[@Maronics]

If parts of the universe are moving faster than the speed of light, because space itself under them is also moving and that means there is a point at which their light never reaches us - how do we know what we currently assume as *the edge* isn't just that point? If there's anything beyond that - how do we know then? If they are relatively moving faster than the speed of light, nothing reaches us currently as I understand it, right?

[@Splaccemttv]

if we can't get past the limit of causality we won't ever know (in my opinion) . Unless super ancient aliens tell us or something which is kinda unlikely.

[@currenlydying]

They weren't always moving at faster than c speed relative to us. As such some very far away and red shifted galaxies we see today should actually be moving faster than light relative to us NOW, but they weren't when light was emmited. So even if we can see them we could never reach them since they're now not in the observable universe anymore. So since we KNOW they exist because we saw them, but they ovetime passed the cosmological horizon, then we can know there are galaxies outside of the observable universe. Also it's because the observable universe isn't a THING, it's just a radius around every object, so you and i have slightly different observable universes, it would be like saying that your observable universe is more important than mine. A galaxy relatively far away from us should be able to see things we can't, and we can see things they can't. It's not a real "edge", it's not material and has no significance and is entirely based on refference frame. If it was a real edge it would be super weird that the universe is centered perfectly around us.

[@JohnDahleAL]

My 2¢ on the software vs hardware as both an electrical engineer and software developer is that you cannot technically separate hardware from software as cpus (hardware) change the number of bytes of your data types. 16 bit to 32 bit to 64 bit cpu changes altered what size your data types could be, requiring you to write and compile your software differently. Additionally, different brands of processors require different ways of processing (ARM vs x86 for example). Yes, this affects Assembly, C++ and C more than it does Java, C#, PYTHON, etc, but the byte code and interpreters have to account for it. In short, it is kind of an illusion to make the distinction between the two.

[@eventhisidistaken]

I am also a EE who writes software, and in my mind, the distinction between hardware and software is that you can change software without risk of ESD.

[@jacobh9241]

@@eventhisidistaken I used to follow ESD procedures while connecting leads from a UART cable to the input pins for an FPGA. I did this to change the "software" which was programmed in VHDL. I have no idea where to draw the line in that scenario.

[@cleverusername9369]

0:10 Joe, mate, bad choice of words. I'm a huge fan from Scotland, and when we hear an American, particularly one from Texas, say "I went on a shooting spree," we think of that in a much different and scarier context, because.... well...

[@JoelArseneaultYouTube]

Great video. I would just like to point out that the glacier falling into the water would rase the sea level, however, it melting once it is in the water would make no difference at all. This has been tested, and explained in small scale. The volume of water increases and that is what makes it float, but it is displacing it’s mass in water. As it melts and becomes water, it’s volume decreases.

[@bdaniels986]

And that's why a glass of ice water doesn't overflow when the ice melts. Sorry for dumbing it down.

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

Dr. Stephen Novella pointed out that, while yes, heart attacks go up that week, they even out and over the course of the month following daylight savings, they're about the same. People who are likely to get a heart attack in the next month become more likely to get it a little sooner.

[@ryanm8998]

Joe, this is awesome. I enjoyed seeing all your reactions. Working outside your comfort zone is dangerous and exciting!

[@shahgyy]

Do you have more videos like this? I enjoyed this video 📹

[@gregbosley8621]

Joe, your commentary regarding Daylight Saving Time (I too hate it!) got me thinking about the calendar. I wonder if there is any support out there for 14 months of 26 days each. (I realize there would have to be some fiddling because 365 isn't exactly divisible by 14, but I bet it could be worked out). Regards, Greg

[@cem_kaya]

Software vs Hardware: Software is always in memory hardware is always constant. You change the data in the memory to augment the data path and to change how that data flows in the hardware lets say in the cpu. Even in FPGAs you program the LUTS memory so the blocks act like specific hardware according to what is stored in their memory. You only "program" the hardware while designing it or while melting fuses in PLA/PAL.

[@dr.jamesolack8504]

Uhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh…..ok.

[@FaultyMuse]

14:49 Entirely possible I'm just confused by your wording here but want to make sure this is clarified. The glacier will cause it's full sea-level rise as soon as it is no longer supported by land and is floating in the water. This is because in order for something to float it must displace an equal *mass* of water as the floating object. So once the ice melts, it will take up the exact volume of the water it was already displacing. You can actually do this experimental easily at home by just placing an ice cube on a glass of water and watching the water level in the glass as the ice melts.

[@AngryAnt0]

In the UK I believe we actually did trial on removing daylight savings back in the late 60s. Turns out that in parts of Scotland they wouldn't get light until after 10am. I'm assuming it would be the same in some of the northern states of the US/Canada.

[@kodabuck225]

eh yeah, but also like with it it gets dark *really* early. like I live just a 1-2 hour boat ride away from the southwest US/Canadian border, and even here in this part of my country its dusk by 4 and pitch black by 5pm, when its close to the winter solstice. Either way its ridiculously little amount of day time, I personally dont see a point in messing with peoples sleep schedules, either way your loosing light.

[@alanbrookhart3581]

Idea to slow the ice shelf: Drill and place casing pipe like oil into the sea bed in front of the ice shelf that rise higher the the ice. Like a long line of them a 1/4 mile or so apart to hold back the ice from floating out to sea. If it does break off it says put. Maybe then it could possibly freeze back together? Probably would cost way too much and would never withstand the force behind the ocean let alone the mass of the ice shelf and glacier behind.