K-Pop Girl Groups - Debut vs. Now - Live Stages

[@BeamingTaeng]

After seeing that Laboum, MAMAMOO, Red Velvet, Lovezyz, SONAMOO, Gfriend, TWICE, CLC, OMG, April, Dia, among other groups debuted back on 2014-2015, i got really surprised, because in my mind they are still rookies who just debuted. I hadn't realised how fast time goes. Where has time gone? I really feel like they all debuted a month ago.

[@VanyaIsyanda]

Nana Dixon Me too

[@momojadecamilalisa6875]

TWICE AOA BLACKPINK RED VELVET MAMAMOO EXID GFRIEND APINK ALL THE OTHERS,AAAAA WTF I GUESS I STAN MORE GIRL GROUPS THAN BOY GROUPS ;_;

[@venusdance6099]

Momo Jade Camila Lisa only popular grups 🤦🏻‍♀️

[@yunaverxe]

Same :))

[@peachykiwipop4175]

Ayelen Martinez so 🤔

[@bigfellakatie6503]

Lmao I only Stan girl groups ur ok sis

[@raph_ael]

mamamoo's debut stage doesn't even look or sound like a debut stage, they're so talented 💗

[@fathinfarzanah9481]

Where's SNSD?

[@sugawatte]

It's explained in the intro why some groups are not included. But there's a more updated version of the video linked in the description with them as well. Also I'll try to update it again soon :)

[@starrystarrynight99]

sugawatte yeah i'll wait for the updated version

[@تايونسنسد]

Fathin Farzanah yes 😑😥

[@damienbolten9324]

Fathin Farzanah right ? I guess the person who uploaded this is not Sone like us

[@fathinfarzanah9481]

Taemin Boss I'm not SONE too. I'm Buddy Gfriend, but i like SNSD

[@ellie_mp3]

Red Velvet - one of the few groups to gain a member, not lose one^^

[@avaizzo7911]

june who did they gain?

[@natesales5082]

Ava Izzo Yeri dumb

[@natesales5082]

Ava Izzo bitch why so dumb

[@avaizzo7911]

nate sales umm I just a question? Why so rude bitch

[@natesales5082]

Ava Izzo dumb ew. Google your questions bitch.

[@CViolaine]

Can we just talk about how MAMAMOO went from silent to SCREAM by FANGIRLS Not even an hardcore fan, but proud!!!

[@messyves]

Violaine same i'm proud too even though i'm just an avid listener of them XD

[@linuxlavender8306]

Me too, that's why I bought all their albums...

[@hayajaber-girlsgeneration-7950]

That’s right 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

[@soothingnature4403]

I noticed that too

[@nurulyeollipop]

i'm so glad that Apink and lovelyz keep their concept from debut until now

[@김상수-y4t]

Nurul Yeollipop we need oh my girl.

[@roselightz_3027]

I feel like apink are one of the only groups that always stayed true to their original concept/image and only matured with time.

[@gorjesstezz7702]

MeiLiRose _ true

[@sexyangel072]

MeiLiRose _ Well that's because some concepts for some groups were pretty bad when they debuted and focused on what was popular, rather than what worked for the group

[@junghyerim1128]

yess ❤❤❤

[@joogjong340]

True

[@nicole-kc2rt]

our angels💞💯🔥

[@juroni3108]

gfriend is honestly so talented

[@eliciaad690]

Gfriend💕 AOA💕 Apink💕 Spica💕 EXID💕 Sistar💕 I love all of them.. ❤ thank you for this video.. i miss them all😭 specially sistar💕

[@shanvictoria9860]

From 5 to three, ladies code 😢

[@mic-shellcrackson3800]

choi bitna they are still 5 in my heart

[@popsiclepotatopapapa6917]

choi bitna why are there 3 now?

[@demonicangel1569]

Daisy 101 Two members, EunB and Rise, were killed in a car crash in late 2014.

[@popsiclepotatopapapa6917]

Demonic Angel oh I'm very srry 🙏🏼😅

[@STANSAT10N]

Demonic Angel please don't say killed it's a rude way of saying that 😰 use ether passed on or seeing our world at a different angle

[@m_n4176]

apink from pure to mature

[@kimpaay6643]

mamamoo from pretty to handsome...(lol sorry I just had to. ok bye!)

[@awashingmachine1853]

Im pretty late but hello Moomoo fellow ^^

[@swaghobi565]

R.I.P eunb and rise

[@fatherlouiswilliamssugaada4871]

ugh i cried so hard seeing this

[@sonerism4073]

T^T 은비 그리고 리세언니들😢😢

[@wraith778]

What happened to them?

[@fatherlouiswilliamssugaada4871]

they died in 2014 in a car crash eunb died first and rise died four days later

[@wraith778]

Father Louis Williams Suga Adam The III oh so sad 😔

[@pinkypanda5568]

Really proud how apink and gfriend keep their concept.Miss twice badass concept 😭

[@Walkinnever6987]

I consider Apink as a 2nd generation group lol BUT STILL APINK is the most down-to-earth senior group I knew

[@Stefan-iz3ty]

Seeing 4minute and wonder girls made me wanna tear up. And clc killed me with their comeback this year... HOLY HELL...

[@nicolegoh9748]

Did some of you commenters even bother reading the description in the beginning? If your group hasn't made an actual Korean comdback in 2016/2017 then they won't be in here so stop asking for snsd, fx and 2ne1. And this video was made 2 months ago so groups who came back after that (GFriend, Dia, Brave Girls), their songs won't be updated

[@uri9888]

Nicole Goh where in the description does t say only groups with comebacks from 2016/2017 ??

[@nicolegoh9748]

uri lee it's literally the second chunk of text that flashes across the screen in the video. The description I meant was the description in the video

[@tujyeuVietNam]

But what about BlackPink?

[@crescentmoon4434]

Quyên Là Tui reread the description at the beginning of the video, at that point it hadn't been a year since their debut.

[@mero2627]

SNSD COMEBACK IN 2017!!!!!!!!!!!!!! YOU A LIAR

[@kyucumber1851]

MAMAMOO slaying since debut

[@velvxtcandy]

Ladies'Code Twice Red Velvet :3

[@underherrormini9847]

Navillera GFRIEND 😘😘😘

[@coffeeandsarcasm3094]

When APink stayed with cute concepts. And Ladies' Code being in this list makes my heart ache.

[@김상수-y4t]

multifandom strong power thankyou we need oh my girl.

[@mrhardtopark]

Apink's concept is innocent concept. It's a bit different from cute concept. just saying.

[@nyu9957]

Ladies code had 5 members 😔

[@HolopapiUnofficial]

hkdbfkd djdldnf if i don't think wrong 2 members passed away becuause they involved in a car accident right?

[@byan31]

[LL] Double L yess...💔

[@HolopapiUnofficial]

Fabianaa D'Ambra T.T

[@fishcat7112]

hkdbfkd djdldnf In my heart, I can see 5 beautiful and talented members from Ladies Code.

[@lifestyle3509]

Disney potter got épic saga actu dv

[@JOHNRONIOFFICIAL]

*Too many good groups that already disbanded:* 😔😔😔 WONDER GIRLS, 4MINUTE, RAINBOW, 2NE1, KARA *Too many good groups that are underrated:* 😭😭😭 DALSHABET, BP RANIA, BRAVE GIRLS, STELLAR, HELLOVENUS, SONAMOO, OHMYGIRL, APRIL, DIA, SPICA *Too many good groups that deserve attention:* 😥😥😥TAHITI, FIESTAR, LADIES' CODE, MELODY DAY, BERRY GOOD, 4TEN, D.HOLIC And I didn't know GAVY NJ had been in the industry for so long already? 😅😅 Why re they so underrated? CLC got so much success with Hobgoblin! 😍 They topped numerous countries in the iTunes KPOP Chart! 💝 TWICE is just so... I love them so so much! 💞👌 LABOUM and LOVELYZ! I'm so happy that LABOUM and LOVELYZ already got their first win after 3 long years. 😍😊👌💞

[@hengkigunawan8437]

You forgot After School 😭😭😭 whyyy........? 😭😭😭

[@JOHNRONIOFFICIAL]

Hengki Gunawan I'm not really sure how I'm going to react to Afterschool since they haven't have a comeback for so long. But one thing I know, is that everyone misses them.

[@minyouah7863]

John Eres actually spica didnt disband,they are looking for new companie and even if they get to differents companies they still want to make music together,so its just like a hiatus :)(

[@JOHNRONIOFFICIAL]

MinYou Ah But I'm really sad for them. They have been in the industry for 5 years but they never had real success. 😔

[@hkang3273]

Laboum is still 2 years in the industry. Their 3rd anniversary hasn't passed yet. 🙂

[@Sifirela]

You made me super happy when I saw Rania on here.

[@kayvang9167]

Ughhh.. I'm just getting sad feeling because these Kpop girl groups are disbanding. And whenever I see AOA as a full group I think about Choa.. 😭😭

[@thebbandbecshow9923]

Starlight Jae-hwan what happened

[@seventeenrightherebaksu6374]

Bb O she left the group

[@thebbandbecshow9923]

SeventeenRightHere BAKSU oooh

[@swawaskityp5088]

you cant expect her to put in all the groups so why not just appreciate this video . if u have nothing nice to say then just leave

[@sugawatte]

❤🙈

[@niqueh2828]

swawaski typ she said that if you think any is missing let her know in the comments and just because someone is asking for another group that doesn't mean they didn't like the video they just wish they could see a group they liked

[@arini8750]

please check out, dalshabet, lovelyz, clc, ohmygirl and Berry good! they are actually really good and their songs are catchy too. give them a chance 🙂😁

[@aquadroplett2175]

Real talk: mama moo has not changed at all --- they have just always been that epic

[@hellogoodbyeandallinbetween]

aquadroplett they're debut is still my favourite from them. I'm hoping they do something like that again soon 🙂

[@cathluzz1574]

aquadroplett ikr, they ate still slayinh...lol

[@power5able]

what do you mean they havent change? they become so big now and slaying in bigger scale..i love them so much..ahh my goals

[@juroni3108]

mamamoo was honestly so good omg they are G O A L S best vocals on kpop honestly

[@lilychristina2092]

GFRIEENDDDD WOOOOO

[@almostatami]

The makeup improvements though.

[@motconongheokhi1581]

clc from daughter to mommy real fast

[@MsDekisugi]

xD

[@ianm271]

Can we just appreciate the fucking FIERCE face Elkie gives at 15:43?? DAMN GIRL

[@e.l3046]

Ian Murray she is sERVING FACE YAS

[@christyszeto3166]

Ian Murray she was a child actress back in Hong Kong: )

[@strawberrybaby_7]

Ian Murray fuck me up!

[@suciexo1267]

so many groups had the potential but we cannot blame them. It depends how their agencies promote them too

[@gfriendbuddy7568]

. Gfriend 💓

[@aqilzikry8183]

Apink hwaiting!! Exid solji hwaiting!!!

[@tinyashiro]

Apink is precious. I miss the old Hello Venus, but they still amazing.

[@bangtansonyondan815]

AuroraDazzling They are...

[@irmawati4090]

twice ready come back SIGNAL fighting #ONCE

[@sakurawhiterabbit]

GFRIEND. I liked.

[@elsworduniverse3780]

Gfriend ♥ DIA ♥ Twice ♥ CLC ♥ SISTAR ♥ Red Velvet ♥ Amo todos girl grupos ♥

[@auliayayy]

Elsword Universe blackpink

[@wb6qxc260]

Bp

[@saiterumiam]

@@auliayayy dont like bp

[@larrikate]

sonamoo is the only group I would wish they would go back to there debut. deja vu is the only song of them I ever liked

[@ubiquitous_star584]

Larri Kate I like u too much is my fave. It's so fun to dance and sing.

[@roselightz_3027]

Larri Kate I'm always waiting for a comeback like deja vu. I was thinking about stanning them....then their new songs came out and I just don't really like them😂

[@lumiereloussier9966]

Larri Kate Cushion was superb too but everything after that is like meh

[@larrikate]

MeiLiRose_ Yes me too! There songs are ok, and I can listen to them but Deja vu were so awesome! I like the concept, so I am waiting for such a comeback... :D Lumiere Loussier I just thought WOW A B.A.P GIRLGROUP OMG... And then there comeback came... and I was like... miiiii :,( Ubiquitous_Star It's good that everyone has their own favorites ^^ :) They are awesome. Just because I don't like the concept right now doens't mean I don't like them so I am glad ^^

[@kaymarie_soars]

Larri Kate agree. It was really nice to see a hip hop girl group because they're aren't many of those. There are so many groups with a cute concept I wish they had kept with their original concept so they could stand out more.

[@cheskao6098]

The Ladies Code part made me so nostalgic it hurts.

[@cheskao6098]

April Scorpious I know right 😭

[@cheskao6098]

April Scorpious That moment when your ladies code biases were both Rise AND Eun bi 😢😢

[@norsuhaila5213]

4minute , i really miss them ! i be thier fan since debut . clc ! from baby to woman apink , yonkyung i miss you

[@pinkypanda1015]

Apink went from pure to mature pure

[@citymoon4214]

Ladies code ☹️ , mamamoo , and 2ne1 had one of the best debutes ❤️❤️❤️

[@ireneredvelvet1119]

rookie rookie

[@anna134]

irene red velvet má supa rookie rookie rookie

[@ireneredvelvet1119]

masin masin uyah uyah haha

[@uridasimanna5884]

lookie rookie lookie lookielookielokeierookie i can't get it off my mind why red velvet always slays one's life

[@sunnyivanasalim7832]

irene red velvet where are red velvet

[@junghyerim1128]

My super rookie rookie

[@chau8719]

I'm so happy that Hobgoblin was so sucessful😊😄😀!!! Maybe CLC will be able to have a first win on their next comeback *crossfingers* 😁!!!

[@Celna525]

It was successful with internaional fans, but not in Korea

[@Celna525]

No, Korea doesn't like concepts like that. Crystyle have sold about 5000 albums, which less that their other albums.

[@moonf4iry528]

doɴт тoυcн мy ғαceυ last the best TWICE YAS !!

[@howcomeseriously4401]

For me , MAMAMOO is the most iconic Ps. Every group is good tho And you can see how they change the style of the group to support the market and consumer that has a high competition Fighting for every group

[@irvansatria4228]

Apink Always Best

[@andrearoswell5703]

I love how Lovelyz's very consistent of their concept mature and still innocent. Talentlyz Slaylyz. I can smell lovelyz's 1st win in this comeback on may 2, 2017!!! lovelyz fighting!

[@elleee1918]

andrea roswell hopefully!!! those girls deserve it

[@inspirit_lovelinus4625]

Lovelyz Both Red Velvet Now GFriend Debut 4Minute Both Mamamoo Now EXID Now Sistar Now AOA Now CLC Now Oh My Girl Now DIA Now Twice Now

[@inoyamanakas4178]

Inspirit_ Lovelinus apink?

[@elsworduniverse3780]

Inspirit_ Lovelinus se falo todos os girl grupos que amo ♥

[@crystalsss]

gfriend? why they are still amazingniw, and beautiful. .😧

[@crystalsss]

gfriend? why they are still amazingniw, and beautiful. .😧

[@kobayashiharuno]

i'm thankful that Oh My Girl didn't change their concept. but seriously. i stan DIA a lot because Somehow was a great song but still underrated.

[@Peter0920]

Red Velvet!😍❤️ TWICE!😍❤️

[@_diyeon]

Lau Peter #TWICEVELVET❤

[@weretwoworldsapart]

#TwiceVelvet Lmao I'm in both fandoms too

[@Alex-yn2qd]

THE HOLY TRINITY BLACKPINK x TWICE x RED VELVET

[@gabriellagacha3341]

Lau Peter meet too

[@meijy_4051]

Apiiiink❤️

[@ubiquitous_star584]

That transition from Pepe to Hobgoblin had me like "damn girls".

[@junghyerim1128]

😂😂😂😂😂

[@myeuphoriaa2704]

for me mamamoo has not changed juste a little they are to perfect❤😍😂

[@jiminbias5082]

Diana Kiku i agree 100

[@_dominixa9905]

True

[@zohiarmybuddy]

Buddies where are you?!

[@EffeyChoi]

김유래 here

[@titaniaazzahra9597]

here

[@natasyacalistawijaya1153]

아미버디* HERE

[@nurfarhana3212]

아미버디* im here

[@irfayunita2204]

here 😁

[@TheAha96]

Twice debut is actually so good! Still my favorite song by them, maybe TT is even ^^

[@mulgokizarylea6223]

every groups change their concept but sometimes the real concept will be alive! they will still back the old concept they had

[@소정이-v1o]

ladies code 😍

[@STANSAT10N]

소정이😢😢😢😢😢😢

[@xree5935]

Sonamoo and clc changed drastically

[@yanghyeyeon9972]

Ree Unnie yeah but clc sexy concept more suitable for them right?

[@mrhardtopark]

Yang hyeyeon clc bad ass concept may better. ( but It is not good for male fans ). and they all beautiful and their personalities are not bad ass at all. it is a tragedy their agency didnt do well about concept. latter 'black dress' was good bad ass and they were beautiful sametime. male fans also liked it. but too late. Sexy concept is not good i think. sorry for bad eng.

[@natesales5082]

Spring is gone by chance It's not sexy it's Girl Crush.

[@11karotte]

I loooved Sonamoo's debut and I was like "finally a girl group, that does a 'boyish concept' and pulls it off in a natural and authentic way" (i am not saying there are no others that did this before, I don't know everything, and I'd be super happy if you know of any others and share that info with me!) But yeah. Sure enough they were not able to continue with that concept and now they do the generic stuff. I'm not hating on that 'generic stuff'. I just think that we lost a really unique girl group concept to society, which is super sad.

[@jairocalderon7879]

Yeah, what a pity... 'I knew it' is pretty unique, though

[@squishyzuzu]

What I do notice with debuts and then their latest songs (live stages ofcourse) is that with their debut you hear their voices more cleary and older the group gets the less you hear vocals...I could mostly hear the loud music or extreme autotune for some

[@abaabaaba.2600]

GFRIEND🌟

[@callmegwen3645]

Gfriend 💓

[@melyangel5473]

i cried a river when i saw ladies' code TT^TT

[@betul6350]

its breaking my heart that so many of these disbanded

[@junghyerim1128]

yess 😭😝💔

[@liviabotutihe3988]

really miss old kpop 😢

[@lemon-mx6ki]

APINK😍

[@adeeeblah2061]

two girls in the LADIE'S CODE died in a car accident :-( R.I.P. EUNB AND RISE :((((

[@jungkooksbeautifulvoice7326]

Red Velvet💕

[@lianperezcedeno]

snsd?? f(x)??? 2ne1????

[@sugawatte]

I let them out because none of them promoted their latest singles on music shows. And I only put in groups, which had an actual comeback in 2016/17.

[@gagabitch54]

They haven't made a comeback since 2015...

[@gusteree]

swaymoomoo If you actually read what was said at the beginning of the video, you would know why they're not on the list...

[@TakeDownTheStreets]

Joel Nahuel this video is live performances only they don't perform it live they just have an mv it wasn't really a come back more of a farewell

[@leemotosuwa]

People who can't read.

[@chittay128]

Apink

[@yana-pk7ug]

Apink is really known for sticking to their roots until know. that's a good thing right?

[@awisheddy4046]

where r apink stans ? 😍

[@salsaramadhani6377]

Meeeee

[@lucilxzn2065]

Here! :D

[@anonymoushue]

So many talented girl groups out there need more attention and love from kpop fans....but people only focus on the big 3 girl groups and a few other girl groups....its sad to see girl groups working so hard but don't get enough recognition

[@가장예쁜여자미나]

Shimmy Shimmy Coco Pops It's not only for girlgroup, but also for boy group. KNK, Victon, SF9, and many other deserve more recognition.

[@regineaspero1142]

I suddenly remember The Produce 101 Season 1. 😂 4 Minute Tara 😭

[@natsanool7118]

GodYaSeha 22 same! And Wonder girls 😭❤️

[@songsumi5274]

GodYaSeha 22 same

[@새봄이건드렸으면넌죽]

GodYaSeha 22 huh? Can someone explain?

[@natsanool7118]

Panda Potterhead In a survival show called produce 101 Tara and 4Minute songs along with other popular girl group songs were included for the girls on the show to perform. But now Tara and 4Minute are disbanded:( Also sorry for replying late

[@regineaspero1142]

yes she's right

[@yodareee]

Aren't we going to talk about MAMAMOO & Crayon Pop 😍

[@chels72539]

I was so surprised she put a lot of groups in this video, even the underated ones I love omg and April and lovelyz so muchhh thank you for making this💕💕💕

[@liyaziraa2114]

APINK 💕

[@Ayazhanalzhan]

Bias?

[@read.comment4299]

APINK!!!! 😙😙

[@giunnax]

16:30 min, Somin in APRIL? and now she's from Kard woah! (0.0)

[@syue6663]

GiuliMaster 기우 she did post in fancafe that she'll leave april because the concept doesn't suit her (and if im not wrong, she stated that she want to focus in studying.)

[@talonice3289]

I'd rate u 2 bcause I'm The8 u need she wanted to get better at singing as far as i know :)

[@stevenwright6533]

Not only Somin in April, she used to be the Leader. She was also on a group before April called Puretty but they only promoted on Japan for some reason

[@apinklover5079]

a pink make me soooooooo proud😍😍😍😍

[@junghyerim1128]

😍

[@jejeee2150]

APINK LOVELYZ

[@reolon8150]

Im happy that u put berry good on here

[@FMKAnimation]

I love the tacky bright fashion sense back in mid 2000s 😝❤😂

[@grandmara9888]

I miss Yookyung. APink fighting! ♥

[@junghyerim1128]

fighting ❤

[@drgaburier]

Where is MINX/Dreamcatcher? :^(

[@wint5869]

They're no 1 year old yet as Dreamcatcher so they weren't included

[@drgaburier]

Oh true, I didn't notice that. Sorrie

[@xml571]

and even if it has 5 of the minx members Dreamcatcher != Minx. Its practicaly a new group with a completely different concept and name. And for me Rookie of the year 2017

[@drgaburier]

Ye, I didn't notice the fact "they must have 1 year of debut" or something like that. And yep, for me they're a new group even with the 5 Minx members.

[@konasamaichigo2722]

Gaburier This video was made in February Lol

[@ree7388]

I'm so glad that you included a lot of underrated groups

[@syazanamamat504]

brave girls debut song. that's my jam back then

[@louisewood1300]

apink need to have comeback quickly, btw plz comment "🐼" if you love apink❤❤❤

[@sunarintarousgf2735]

Sonamoo CLC Berry Good and Brave Girlsssss

[@floweroverciel9883]

Apink!

[@kaleyortiz4199]

11:52 YASS RED VELVET!😍❤️ 9:19 Made me sad😭 ladies’ code HAD 5 members R.I.P Eunb and Rise! Even tho the group today has 3 members, for me ladies code will always be a 5 membered group.

[@mareialigaia6656]

I'll keep on loving and supporting CLC. I love them even though they always change their concept.

[@mulgokizary8496]

am i the only one who stan for apink ?? 😢

[@karlab.2798]

prncss hanzara I'm here

[@mulgokizary8496]

thank youu 😊

[@zoeyoey101]

prncss hanzara Definitely me

[@junghyerim1128]

pink panda 4ever ❤❤

[@adlinasafiyah9494]

i'm apink fan too

[@jisoobeyonce5549]

Apink ❤❤❤

[@wayanmyeon3570]

Oh thanks for putting berrygood😍 And laboum too :)

[@jkgoldencloset368]

All kpop idols has grown a lot💕 little by little kpop fever is also spreading because of kpop's catchy songs💖 and proccesses before becoming a kpop idol😘😭

[@romanaparikhan7188]

Am i the only one that loves T-ara?

[@shizz_xx]

아나미나 Nope I love them too. Their my ultimate bias girl group. I'm so sad to see them disbanding 😭😭

[@eyyyeyyy7672]

아나미나 I love them too. They're my Queens 😍

[@kolykachan7551]

You're not the only one. I love them too❤️

[@inesacademic]

아나미나 me 💔💗

[@aliciaacevesestrada8946]

Jesus Christ oh no you’re not. It’s too bad the last video is Ti Amo. They absolutely killed with Sugar Free.

[@shathaak6362]

i was seriously twice fan from sixteen and i was loving Like Ooh Ahh because it was dope but then they came with cheer up and tt and lost interest . i still love Like Ooh Ahh and always sing to it

[@heyeveryone8144]

What do you think about likey? I personally find it a little less cute than Knock knock or cheer up but not as much as Ooh aah

[@aminods6046]

shatha ak I'd Stan those girls even when they reach rock bottom but the cute concept is getting really old. Gosh!

[@jiminsillegirl1916]

From sexy to cute thats just what I think tho...no offense, im a once

[@checks6312]

I love their cute concept, also loved their debut, hopefully they get some rest tho.