kidney blood supply | Urinary system Nerve Supply | MCQ on Excretory System

In this lecture I discuss the Blood supply to kidney structures.
MCQ also discuss about blood supply to kidney.
Blood and nerve supply to kidney
Because the kidneys remove wastes from the blood and regulate
its volume and ionic composition, it is not surprising that they
are abundantly supplied with blood vessels. Although the
kidneys constitute less than 0.5% of total body mass, they
receive 20-25% of the resting cardiac output via the right and
left renal arteries . In adults, renal blood flow, the
blood flow through both kidneys, is about 1200 mL per minute.
Within the kidney, the renal artery divides into several
segmental arteries, which supply different segments (areas) of
the kidney. Each segmental artery gives off several branches that
enter the parenchyma and pass through the renal columns
between the renal pyramids as the interlobar arteries. At the
bases of the renal pyramids, the interlobar arteries arch between
the renal medulla and cortex; here they are known as the arcuate
arteries . Divisions of the arcuate arteries produce a series of interlobular arteries. These
arteries are so named because they pass between renal lobules.
Interlobular arteries enter the renal cortex and give off branches
called afferent arterioles .
Each nephron receives one afferent arteriole, which divides
into a tangled, ball-shaped capillary network called the glomerulus . The
glomerular capillaries then reunite to form an efferent arteriole
that carries blood out of the glomerulus. Glomerular
capillaries are unique among capillaries in the body because
they are positioned between two arterioles, rather than between
an arteriole and a venule. Because they are capillary networks
and they also play an important role in urine formation, the
glomeruli are considered part of both the cardiovascular and the
urinary systems.
The efferent arterioles divide to form the peritubular capillaries , which surround tubular parts of the
nephron in the renal cortex. Extending from some efferent arterioles are long loop-shaped capillaries called vasa recta that supply tubular
portions of the nephron in the renal medulla.
The peritubular capillaries eventually reunite to form
peritubular venules and then interlobular veins, which also
receive blood from the vasa recta. Then the blood drains through
the arcuate veins to the interlobar veins running between the
renal pyramids. Blood leaves the kidney through a single renal
vein that exits at the renal hilum and carries venous blood to the
inferior vena cava.
Many renal nerves originate in the renal ganglion and pass
through the renal plexus into the kidneys along with the renal
arteries. Renal nerves are part of the sympathetic division of the
autonomic nervous system. Most are vasomotor nerves that regulate the flow of blood through the kidney by causing vasodilation or vasoconstriction of renal arteriole
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