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Humans have 46 chromosomes, out of these 46 chromosomes sex is defined only from 2chromosomes.
These 2 chromosomes are called sex chromosomes.
If person has XX chromosome she is female genetically.
If person has XY chromosome he is male Genetically.
Occasionally genetical variation can happen and man can have XXY chromosome. So, extra X chromosome. When this happens it is called Klinefelter syndrome.
Sometimes it also happens that in same person some cells are with XY chromosomes, some cells are XXY chromosomes. Such conditions Generally called mosaicism. If XY chromosomes are much higher in quantity, then person can function normally and tastes can also function and infertility does not occur.
Klinefelter syndrome is not very rare. It occurs about 1 in 500 newborn boy. And cause of this condition is genetical mutation, random error.
Pregnancy after 35 years old, slightly increases risk of Klinefelter syndrome.
Male with Klinefelter syndrome have following signs and symptoms:
Small firm taste and a small penis. Sparse pubic armpit and facial hair.
Enlarged breasts also called gynecomastia.
Tall stature and abnormal body proportions) Long legs, short trunk).
Diagnosis usually happens during adolescent, when puberty is not progressing as expected. Such children can also have learning disabilities.
If diagnosis occurs in adulthood, main complain is infertility.
Klinefelter syndrome is associated with increased risk for breast cancer, lung disease, and osteoporosis.
Also increased risk of autoimmune disorders such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren’s syndrome.
Diagnosis is confirmed by chromosomal analysis.
Treatment:
Testosterone therapy is used to increase strength, promote muscular development, grow body hair, improve mood and self esteem, increase energy and improve concentration.
Most men who have Klinefelter syndrome are not able to father children. However, some men with an extra X chromosome have fathered healthy offspring.
Most men who have Klinefelter syndrome can expect to have a normal and productive life.
Early diagnosis is better prognosis and better quality of life.
By Malcolm Gin (photographer) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
By Malcolm Gin (photographer) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...