The best part of this video is that he doesn't speak a word the whole time. A video for men to relax and enjoy the craftsmanship.
@jonathangrant7208Ай бұрын
I was thinking the same while watching this, then KZbin autoplayed the next video and straight away heard "I'm making a LEGENDARY DAGGER..." and immediately went 'nope' and closed it and now I'm here writing this instead :)
@stephenhunt9285Ай бұрын
exactly only wish it had through tang rivets
@stanislawcadenas4025Ай бұрын
And the video is not 1 of 3949 parts like most other channels (that kid Alec Steele for example, or is it Alex? Anyways him.)
@scw77Ай бұрын
And the worst part is your idiotic comment.
@LilMissRufflsackАй бұрын
I guess that makes me a men, then.
@megawega63704 ай бұрын
This guy makes incredible works of art...and doesn't ramble on and on about it. In fact he doesn't even talk. My type of content creator. You earned yourself a subscription.
@slap_A_flamingo3 ай бұрын
Dude, the twists on the Damascus was amazing. Clear twists in the final knife. Absolutely stunning brother, nice work
@ZygmuntKiliszewski2 ай бұрын
Correct, congratulations and best regards ❤😊.
@simonblanchet10225 ай бұрын
I still instinctively close my eyes when I see a welding arc. Haven’t been welding in 20 years
@zac09182 ай бұрын
wish they would stop doing the close up of it
@tropical7848Ай бұрын
Thought I was the only one. Looked away every tack 😂
@draxunoАй бұрын
😂😂😂😂😂@@tropical7848
@cos69074 ай бұрын
I enjoyed watching you work, you are truly an extraordinary craftsman, excellent work. Please wear a mask as well when grinding, breathing all that dust can’t be healthy
@DrMilzie5 ай бұрын
Watching this guy makes my chest hair grow thicker
@dhirajshetty638522 күн бұрын
No talk, least amount of tools, least complicated and an amazingly beautiful outcome, That was awesome, Thanks for sharing !!
@George-tz1cv5 ай бұрын
Love the pattern. Great knife. Once again excellent work with the angle grinder. This was however, the first time I’d ever seen the can left on to become part of the pattern. 👍
@lasuzzoeagle14 ай бұрын
Can’t lie the angle grinder part gave me major anxiety
@agnusdei28622 ай бұрын
Who cares?
@buddydeal76952 ай бұрын
@@agnusdei2862 Apparently you do. 👎🏻
@Zzrdemon66332 ай бұрын
@lasuzoeagle1 What gives you anxiety about the angle grinder?
@noneyabiz60972 ай бұрын
Then do not look or work that way…leave the man work as he wants…why so many OSHA wannabe’s here?
@davidpayne38159 күн бұрын
Me too. Why do these KZbinrs think their fingers are grinder proof. Put the bl##dy guard back on. You only get issued with one set of hands.
@glitched40702 ай бұрын
Nice work 👍 but you need some guards on those grinders 👍
@budduggly77815 ай бұрын
In a world of "takers" and "makers"... you sir, are the latter and an inspiration to this old man.
@pragati1978Ай бұрын
Oh please you can’t be that old nobody is to old to learn something how old are you
@roberttresemer82265 ай бұрын
Absolutely beautiful job. I have never seen a knife maker polish Damascus before. Gorgeous knife.
@brandonbuckles8264 ай бұрын
You still haven't. Pattern welding doesn't make something Damascus.
@issahgyandi3365Ай бұрын
@@brandonbuckles826 Exactly. I don't know what half the comment section is rambling on about.
@richweir51865 ай бұрын
Beauty is one thing, but you twisted with the can still on. you have Mild Steel going through the cutting edge.
@CuGuttaNYC5 ай бұрын
I was thinking the exact same thing
@seanmtactical60695 ай бұрын
Same thought as well.
@scottnorman50575 ай бұрын
I searched all over KZbin to watch your KZbin channel….couldn’t find it 😢
@scottnorman50575 ай бұрын
@@seanmtactical6069stop thinking and start watching 😂
@scottnorman50575 ай бұрын
@@CuGuttaNYCmoron
@Irondrone43 ай бұрын
Man, this is hard work even with modern equipment and tools. Imagine what ancient Greek blacksmiths had to do to make something like this!
@Dan_d00d5 ай бұрын
If the canister is mild steel and then just twist into the piece to make the billet, then you have a crappy mix of high and low carbon metals mixed into the knife. This is an edge hardness/retention issue. Also, no mechanical fixation for the blade to the handle, ouch. Looks nice, construction methods semi iffy. :)
@kevinjoyce44975 ай бұрын
Dan, where's your video and knife??
@robmanueb.5 ай бұрын
I thought the whole purpose of forge welding was to have brittle hard steel mixed with pliable soft steel to get the best of both worlds?
@tomedelkowski65675 ай бұрын
@@robmanueb. you wont have mild steel at the edge, when you work with your knife. pins would be also nice, but who knows. i wish i had a place to forged.
@Dan_d00d5 ай бұрын
@@robmanueb. yes and no. the key thing is that you need high carbon and suitable steel in the areas that must have strength and hardness (but will have more brittle matrices at molecular level, and less shock absorbing capacity ) and also needing something that is durable and more absorbent, with mild / low carbon steel. So the real situation is about how much and where it is, and in what array/layer/position relating to each other and in terms of the FUNCTION of the tool / use of an item. so in a knife, you want the hard stuff on the cutting edge, and the mild ('soft') stuff behind, on the spine. If you had both along the cutting side and where it strikes, that will mean things like loss of sharpness, edge retention, warps/burrs are going to be issues. Hope this helps. Tons to read and watch about it all out there.
@robmanueb.5 ай бұрын
@@Dan_d00d Yeah I have watched a ton of them. I know that some smiths will really consider and plan their welds, others like this just go for a pattern that looks nice. TBH I think most of the forge weld blades we see are not totally practical and a stronger blade could be had by just using one good steel.
@brianfeeley68772 ай бұрын
I have to be honest so many little nuances I noticed in here from being a general DIY guy, and having a family full of engineers and machinist raised my eyebrows. Last part got me where I thought he was going to go sort of symbol on the handle and then his true, efficiency of craftsmanship came out and made this knife absolutely stunning. Nice job dude, absolutely magic work! Hats off to you and you are a master soon as I hit Powerball you’re gonna get really busy.
@RalphsPier19612 ай бұрын
" It will keel."
@insuranceguy1976Ай бұрын
Great video, I just didn't catch the part where he was taking the canister off. Beautiful work.
@MattWaller048 күн бұрын
I don't think he did
@andyfields44643 ай бұрын
Twisting in the canister is interesting
@KingFreakazoid74 ай бұрын
grinding those bevels with an angle grinder is a unique skill. You don't see that very often.
@SmithnWesson5 ай бұрын
Beautiful knife. Did you temper it? After quenching, you put it in the oven around 400° F for about 2 hours. This softens the steel so that it's not so brittle, and less likely to chip. After tempering, when you're grinding and/or polishing, you have to keep the metal from getting too hot. You frequently wet it. If it gets too hot, it would lose the quench entirely, and become soft again.
@hissingoose3 ай бұрын
If this has even average edge retention and hardness I’d be shocked. Dude forged the canister into the blade. lol
@ab-surdКүн бұрын
Awesome to see this type of old school craftsmanship by a bad ass looking blacksmith.
@erazur1955 ай бұрын
Is it not an issue to twist that mild steel can into the steel that will ultimately be the blade?
@bozotheclown935Ай бұрын
My friend... Where...WHERE are you Safety Glassses.. PLease stay safe... Brotherly love from Australia.
@alessandroalberto64315 ай бұрын
Molto eleganti i disegni sulla lama, e molto stilosa l'impugnatura ! E mi piacerebbe anche sapere in quanti conducete il canale, e se avete diverse officine. Grazie, buon lavoro !!!
@poppadragon20062 ай бұрын
You really should be wearing some safety glasses while forging. Setting a bad example for the newbies as a "master" blacksmith. Good video overall though.
@xyphrosthedragon2 ай бұрын
i’d advise to keep a safety guard on that angle grinder. its there to prevent fragmentation if the disc explodes from hitting you in vital places. I have taken osha training and was certified for 2 years
@HamzaKermiche3 ай бұрын
i'm wondering is there a mild steel from the can you used since you twisted it without taking off the can material !
@scottnorman50575 ай бұрын
Good to see all of the “ keyboard knife makers” showed up 😂😂
@youmang3 ай бұрын
I watched forged in fire so I know what I’m saying
@hissingoose3 ай бұрын
Don’t need to be a knife maker to know this is just art and not a good knife.
@williammcfaul20403 ай бұрын
Glad to see your wife showed up.
@navalsealsnipersports11992 ай бұрын
It’s pretty, but it’s not a good quality knife
@larsfrandsen25012 ай бұрын
Right you are. Nothing like getting advice from a virtual hammer guy with 0 subscribers and 0 followers. When did black smithing become an intellectual pursuit? 🤣
@jcows125 ай бұрын
You twisted the can into your billet? Was it mild steel?
@Machineius28 күн бұрын
The mild steel can still stays on the outside, it just gets ground off in the end. No good reason to "remove" the canister. Easier to just grind it off. Worst case, you end up with a form of San-Mai.
@Machineius28 күн бұрын
The mild steel can still stays on the outside, it just gets ground off in the end. No good reason to "remove" the canister. Easier to just grind it off. Worst case, you end up with a form of San-Mai.
@hexamethylenediamine79344 күн бұрын
Also, if the blade gets dull, don't you have a sharpening kit?
@KarlPHorse4 ай бұрын
I’m a simple man. I see a guy hitting red hot metal with a hammer, I click.
@marc-colinsbernabe12425 ай бұрын
What you do to the knife that you had made, do you sell them?? Can you send 1 to me as a souvenir?
@BigWillSD5 ай бұрын
Turned out nice. I really like the rustic look of the handle design
@samesaw5 ай бұрын
Nice traditional design. Very nice bronze finger hilt. Beautiful Damascus steel blade. But wood handle fitment to hilt and finishing of the wood lacks a bit of attention to detail. Ya need to love the wood, fitment and attention to detail as much as you love the steel 😊
@jackmakinson-sanders72793 ай бұрын
It seems that you have mild steel in the edge from leavin the can on. Also, no mechanical connection in the handle is a little odd. Lastly, it's odd that you didn't show any actual cutting or even what it did to that soda bottle.
@mattbarrett415 ай бұрын
I didn’t see you peel the can of the blade. Did you miss filming a step or did you incorporate the can?
@randyprevost71194 ай бұрын
I wonder why he's not answering this question???
@ericfischer96035 ай бұрын
Beautiful knife. It drives me nuts though, i get all excited seeing someone forge welding a canister by hand and then proceed to make a bar and CUT the shape of the knife. You obviously have talent, FORGE the shape!!
@GarryAndrews_5 ай бұрын
Looking forward to your knife video shortly
@RabsDA5 ай бұрын
Maybe it's just a question of time........
@forksteaklube5 ай бұрын
Time efficiencies have to be considered. Especially if he's trying to make money selling his work.
@maccam81255 ай бұрын
I hate seeing someone cutting wood for a handle. Grow it in the shape you want.
@PvtByrne2 ай бұрын
I think a lot of the time the knife is cut to shape and not hammered because they've already achieved the Damascus pattern they want and hammering it to shape would distort that. I could be wrong though
@hen-b8s113 күн бұрын
way to go. Awesome video with good craftsmanship and no mindless talking.
@douglaswoodard34125 ай бұрын
beauty i only have 1 problem with it and its that it isent pinned i could never trust it for hard use still i like it
@jmbstudio68735 ай бұрын
Drill shavings instead of steel powder. Niche!
@courtneyhazelton5563Ай бұрын
I'm sure some blacksmiths are going to loose their minds over this but unless you are putting the steel you are forging through the "Wootz" process, all you are doing is creating beautiful examples of pattern welding. These videos certainly do show the production of, sometimes, extraordinarily beautiful edged instruments.
@JoshuaDuquette-ie9nt4 ай бұрын
Nice knife!! But you dont have a mechanical connection from the handle to the tang. Juat epoxy could come apart... blade is dope though
@silvanusasher4463 ай бұрын
I don't have a problem at all with the canister staying on during the twist and weld. But my question is why make a through-tang only to Not thread the tang tip and make a mechanical connection?
@MrDan71715 ай бұрын
Beautiful blade and handle, i just dont like the fact that the handlebis only bonded on and not riveted also.
@stevel68954 ай бұрын
The man is a master craftsman!
@Revol_IVАй бұрын
Never wanted a knife like that until right now. That thing is beautiful! Love every detail!
@kipschnitzel4 ай бұрын
Sweet video. Please wear eye protection and keep the guards on your angle grinders though! An exploding disc can literally kill you.
@АлексейКорниенко-д8ю5 ай бұрын
Всевышний дал ВАМ замечательные руки.Мир ВАМ и вашей семье.
@mishostrezov4 ай бұрын
Yep, nice work, but... 1. You didn't remove the canister... 2. There is a gap between the guard and handle. 3. Handle in place only with epoxy? Are you kidding? Not even a single pin? In conclusion we have an awesome looking knife for the wall, not for using.
@christian-helsting419522 күн бұрын
For such a good job on the steel, I'm surprised you didn't go with a nicer handle, I mean I may be wrong, what kind of wood is it?
@robertbragg93643 ай бұрын
Absolutely amazing knife. I'd be proud to own it. Great job 👏🏽 👍🏽 👌🏽 🙌🏽 🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤
@SuperMetalbird11 күн бұрын
most beautiful damascus pattern I have ever seen
@markbrecher491417 күн бұрын
Absolutely Beautiful Piece. Would you share how many hours it took you from Start to Finish ?
@francisflood89215 ай бұрын
A true artist and craftsman!!
@PourMeAnother5 ай бұрын
Canister Damascus by hand. Impressive!! Excellent looking blade as well!!
@JimmCrow5 ай бұрын
Great, finally a nice piece of wood for a beautiful blade. Personally, I miss the nice mosaic thread there, I'm not a fan of fixing it purely with epoxy. I was waiting for the pattern to appear after etching, when you left the canister in the blade.
@igorbroshev5955 ай бұрын
не понял, откуда борода, и где синяя кепочка? нож отличный!
@johncapurso93134 ай бұрын
What a guy! No need for wimpy American safety regulations.
@alexanderjager71345 ай бұрын
Не люблю критиковать, но очень похоже на работу ученика первого года обучения. Поясню немного. 1. Подбор металлов. Шарик. От прдшипника, у них процент углерода около 1%, то есть, для охотнечьего нода им желательно взять железо 0,4-0,6%, а онт более темное чем показано в данном видео. Возможно металическая струдка, содержала хром, и добавление 2% хрома это хорошо, получаеться самый оптимальный состав для таких нодей, но я не уверен что автор сдела именно так. 2. Автор все засыпал в контейнер, расклепал это, спресовав и это правильно, но дальше началось нечто непонятное и непртемлемое. Во первых, он не снял контейнер, то есть, его желательно отслоить от железа которое в нем спресовывалось. Второе, он тут же начал закручивать вместе с контейнером, при этом заготовка была слишком толстой, а её нужно было расклемать тоньше и длиннее и третье, количество витков должно быть при этом большим, даже сильно большим, для этого и нужно клепать длинную и более оонкую заготовку. Четвертое, не обязательно конечно, но желательно, во время закручивания, стараться делать все же ровнее, и для этого есть инструмент с двумя рукаятями по бокам. . 3. Конечно можно расклепать пластину, нартсовать и вырезать потом алмазным диском, но так делаеться когда нож не рабочий, а сувенир. Для того что бы слои легли правильно, должна быть обработка молотом правильная для начала и только потом вырезаеться и точно не алмазным диском, потому что все будет кривым по итогу. 5 толщина обуха охотнечьего ножа 4 миллиметра, ьольше незачем делать, нож получиться излишне громоздким и тяжёлым. 6 я не увидел в данном видео ни закалки, не отпуска, возможно автор этого изделия, нюи не думал этого делать, что значит, нож являеться фактически только сувениром и не более. И закалка и отпуск, делаеться тоде правильно. Есть разные варианты. Например после того как нож уже почти готов, заготовка нагреваеться до емператцры которая зависит от состава металла, и с начала опускаеться в жидкость кромка лезвия, потом остальная часть, так как именно кромка лезвия дожна быть более твердой, а обух более мягким, отпуск делаеться после закалки, изделие нагреваеться до температуры примерно 200 градусов, это тоже от состава металла зависит и держитьчя в печи час или два напртмер, потом вынемаеться и нож почти готов. Второй вариант закалки, японский вариант. На лезвие наноситься глина. На режущую кромку более тоекий слой, на рабочий обух бодее толстый, все это дело расколяеться и опускаеться в воду полностью и сразу, глина делает так, что бы металл остывал неравномерно. Потом так же отпуск как и в первом варианте. Я это все написал, что бы тем к то не знаком с технологией, мог понять почему я смотрю на все это иначе. Причем надо учитывать, что разные металлы, особенно когда куються ножи по типу дамасской стали, и в пакеты собираються разные виды железа, из металлов и еющих различные свойства по твердости и составу, обрабатываються тоже по разному. Нужно учитывать, какие металлы сочетаються и как, как их правильно закаливать по итогу и делать отпуск. Есть металлы, которые необходимо правильно ковать, а не только собирать в пакеты из разных слоёв, иначе при неправильной ковке, вы загубите всю работу. Ну и само собой, нужно учитывать температуры закалки и отпуска металлов. Нужно знать как возникают карбиды внутри таких слоев металлов и в каком пртмерно порядке. Как это повлияет на качество ножей. Автор даннного видео, просто сделал красивую игрушку.
@wonderhack72334 ай бұрын
Its sad to see so much effort but then cutting the knife into shape instead of forging it and for such a thick blade I would recommend not only gluing the handle.
@JL-rw6lb3 ай бұрын
the title should be forging/cutting
@osvaldogorgoroso95405 ай бұрын
hermoso cuchillo damasco lo felicito por su trabajo muy profecional mis respetos hacia sus creaciones un abrazo apretado desde uruguay
@MrLuigge5 ай бұрын
what is the purpose of fileing the top of the blade, is it just for looks or does it serve for something?
@lcambilargiu4 ай бұрын
Love it! Quick question, why not forge the tang instead of cutting it?
@bloodybladenum19204 ай бұрын
Most knife makers prefer the cutting wheel
@jake98543 ай бұрын
3:40 im very surprised he still has his arm 😂
@brianwright95143 ай бұрын
Same: 9" grinder, wearing gloves, no guard, no shield... That's brave
@iamthemobey2 ай бұрын
Watching that gave me chills. Did a H&S course and we were shown pictures of injuries from exploding discs. Terrifying.
@jesus_malik2 ай бұрын
Jajaj im so very surprised too
@alialmahanawi84095 ай бұрын
A wonderful piece of art, thanks for your time and effort master 👍
@DementedOnion4 ай бұрын
Enjoyed the professional clearing instead of slow motion close up shots of a vacuum cleaner 10:30 Oh and nice tshirt
@dronetalia5 ай бұрын
Tek kelime ile: MÜKEMMEL !!
@BillJonesJr-h4i3 ай бұрын
Exceptional Composition of materials 🗡️🔪 .. Incredible Craftsmanship ⭐📐🏆
@mikesilverton23094 ай бұрын
It's a pleasure to watch your projects. Thanks.
@Lzkidd695 ай бұрын
Not really forging when you cut blade shape but end result looks great.
@Lzkidd695 ай бұрын
No mechanical connection on the handle either just epoxy
@PengPengPengPengPengPeng4 ай бұрын
This is such a shit knife. Bad forge, not even proper full tang
@DaMightySpectre2 ай бұрын
Stuff like this makes me want to start making my own knives. I do like the quietness of ur videos. Makes me focus more on what ur actually making. The subtitles of like the type of oil being used and stuff like that make up for it. Awesome vid.
@drydoggАй бұрын
Blacksmithing cutlery is not the Macarena; it takes patience...
@walterconner53653 ай бұрын
What would it look like if you twist it one way and pound it out then twist it again in opposite direction?
@georgehellie91754 ай бұрын
Is there a reason to use a grinder to cut it out instead of a bandsaw?
@EmanKhan0910 күн бұрын
That's an real artist right there.
@RovingPunster5 ай бұрын
I thought the box in box damascus was typically removed after the interior consolidates? 🤔 BTW, great vid. +1 ❤
@demondude1000Ай бұрын
Such a beautiful process. I'd love to learn this skill
@LaMaZiii3 ай бұрын
can u make authentic khukuri, nepali blade with damascus steel...never seen authentic khukuri with damascus steel..... Nice shape, W notch, and traditional wooden handle grip and carving straight line on the top of khukuri is a traditional way of making khukuri...can u please try
@ljh45s2 ай бұрын
I have made many of knifes my self, I like to hammer out my blades one hit at at time, just the old way I guess, dont have a power so it,s sling that hammer, but your blade is very nice,good job ,take care,
@СергейДеев-п3к4 ай бұрын
The trick with the bottle was awesome!
@Blee4811 күн бұрын
When everything is Damascus as long as it has a pattern versus being true damascus based on pattern and materials used
@WildCircle781253 ай бұрын
0:40 that is not safe for your eyes!
@stanislawcadenas4025Ай бұрын
What do you mean? He obviously have saftey squints engaged, he is safe-ish 😂
@pragati1978Ай бұрын
@@stanislawcadenas4025yah but we had no warning
@jaybm156016 күн бұрын
@@pragati1978if that's the case then don't even look at a screen it's bad for your eyes
@pragati197813 күн бұрын
@@jaybm1560 what part of no warning do you not understand
@blacksmithcowboy47253 ай бұрын
Cool knife, good work. Some brass pins would have been good, some brass mosaic pins would have been sweet. Love the pattern on the blade.
@tihzho5 ай бұрын
Oh I see, its a show knife as it's not very hard as a functional knife would need to be. There wasn't the usual HRC40-HRC65 hardness file test to determine the hardness of the knife. :)
@Fly-SanDiego5 ай бұрын
No mechanical connection on that handle? How long will epoxy alone hold it together?
@DJBabb5 ай бұрын
As long as someone isn't chopping into steel drums with it it'll last a while, but with even a single pin it could've lasted a lot lot longer.
@sonar85945 ай бұрын
Epoxy isn’t good or bad inherently. Having good fit up goes a long way. Using epoxy as filler to hide a bad fit up is where people run into problems. Pins aren’t impervious to failing with poor design or execution. The possible incorporation of the canister into the final blade is probably the more significant performance question. I hope that as he develops his skills he forges more components of his work. Sometimes extensive stock removal is necessary to achieve a pattern or prevent distortion, but drawing the tang out on the power hammer would have been quick and prevented a whole knife’s worth of steel being scrapped. I generally prefer forging vice cutting my tip in also as a matter of aesthetics.
@samsimmons42584 ай бұрын
I’m not a smith at all, just a viewer, and I’m curious about something. I’ve seen some smiths grind/cut the blades into shape after forging a blank(?) and others will hammer/forge the shape of the blade. Is there a benefit one way or the other?
@jonathanhamel57663 ай бұрын
Yess when you forge the shape you can save more metal than cutting it but its a little bit longer to do
@paulhare662Ай бұрын
I have the same milling machine that you used on the brass part.
@marcodebeer7599 сағат бұрын
WoW Talent out of this world !work of art,sir you make it look so easy to make ,lol
@hanumandorje584Ай бұрын
Watching a Master at work. Thank you for sharing. How long did it take?
@charlesdavaro85543 ай бұрын
Never saw you take the canister off ? I went back and watched again . Went from the forge to the vice and twisted it . Am I crazy or is it ok to leave the canister on ?
@roberto19333 ай бұрын
I watch these master craftsmen, and realize how little talent I have.😐
@montzillaАй бұрын
i love this guys work, he makes incredible blades. but i cant get past the fact he does not put a mechanical connection between the handle and the blade.... just one pin my guy!
@jbeltran1912 ай бұрын
what about hemi sphere ball bearing? it would be interesting to see the random slants
@Octopilion2 ай бұрын
I'm just speculating but wouldn't twisting the canister in the blade make it so there's mild steel everywhere and almost impossible to have a decent edge? you can literally see 3 different shades of metal in the knife's pattern which means the mild steel is still very prevalent in the blade.
@Breezio692 ай бұрын
I thought the same thing. A step was forgotten
@walterconner53653 ай бұрын
What would it look like if you stretched it after you twist it?
@caseymcdowell10254 ай бұрын
I want one made just like this how much would it cost
@rolandobustos585 ай бұрын
very good finish. It turned out perfect
@knivesproject33495 ай бұрын
tnx
@alex-desroches29 күн бұрын
Incredible skills
@TheWind2132 ай бұрын
Beautifully made.
@alexlefevre35554 ай бұрын
Very rustic and unique. Very well done!
@vizp902 ай бұрын
What a beautiful skill. Especially in the age of plastic