The Lost Kingdom of Loulan

[@Bigfatfrog83]

I love this sort of content of lost central Asian cultures

[@Scotty-P]

Which were originall, almost exclusively, White.

[@Elyass-rq8wm]

@@Scotty-P white my ass 😂

[@ehansaluja1413]

@@Scotty-P Not necessarily. They were Indo-Iranians, sub-group of the Indo-Europeans.

[@Scotty-P]

@@ehansaluja1413 Yes.

[@parkyamato9450]

​@@Scotty-Pindo Iranians got nothing to do with modern white , yall weird lmao

[@suprhomre]

One of the reason I read history is because of stories like this one. There are some romantic aspect in reading about something that is gone but not really forgotten.

[@dogeren0096]

The combination of 3D animation and explanation is on point, despite this period of history was well taught in China, i still learned a lot from this video

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you!!

[@Infinitesilence-o8i]

Its an abomination that this channel doesnt have more views and subscribers but it will and i can sense it. Sir how are you making these videos? This is brilliant !

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you so much for those words! They mean a lot :') I use some strategy games by a developer called Paradox Interactive, their newest games have gorgeous graphics so a couple years ago i though to myself, why not use this as machinima to history videos? truth been told, I loved it! (Plus some total war for soldiers n stuff ahah)

[@HistoryofAztlan]

Great video on a very little known culture! The history of the Tarim Basin is very underrated. Great job also on mentioning the recently released genetic history of the Tarim mummies. Will we see videos on the others states of the basin?

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you, I love to cover obscure history topics! Perhaps! I have one idea in mind, but if you have some suggestions feel free to tell me!

[@talatq719]

The history of everywhere outside of the west is underrated.

[@angr3819]

Why have you misrepresented them as dark skinned and dark haired?! Anyone can search and read the truth. They were very tall blue and red haired blonds who archaeologists realised had taught the Han who arrived there much later. The Han learned their pottery and weaving skills. I have no prejudice of any race or colour and am sick of all the anti white prejudice, trying to write us out of our own history.

[@angr3819]

@@KnowHistory The Tarim Basin was part of huge ancient Sumaria at the time. China was tiny then.

[@bethbartlett5692]

​​@@KnowHistory May I inquire as to your reference resource(s) regarding the following: Copy of my comment: With all due respect, I would have to review the DNA to accept the Mummies found in Asia as being absent in any Indo-Aryan/Iranian genetics. Thanks, Beth Bartlett Sociologist/Behavioralist and Historian

[@mosesracal6758]

You have found a really good niche and its absolutely criminal how no one has done these before. Really good animations, and voice over. I hope you grow more! Subscribed!

[@bap3986]

I've found a wonderful content creator that makes videos as if specifically for my niche. You were amazing, the editing was great, the combination of historical records and voice overs, as well as graphics from video games in the genre are just great. Top marks. Subscribed and Liked.

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you so much!! :D

[@Sleepy1988]

The uprooting and destruction of trees and other flora (prairie grass and the topsoil) maybe reminded me a little bit of the American dust bowl, although farmland in that region doesn’t rely much on irrigation ditches or rivers.

[@CoolAdam247]

Please carry on with this type of videos good sir ! This was absolutely fantastic !

[@CharWick5]

Amazing video, like always!! It was so interesting, thank you for your hard work

[@KnowHistory]

It's all my pleasure! Glad to see all the positive words in my first 10+ minute long video :'D

[@Wakobear.]

Fascinating. Please do more videos on obscure topics like this

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you! and I sure will! I love to cover these odd subjects! researching them is a pain due to the low amount of info, but the result surely pays off!

[@timkbirchico8542]

your channel is a good addition to youtube history info. I just subscribed after watching several of your vids.

[@KnowHistory]

Welcome aboard! Thank you so much and I hope you enjoy the content yet to come! :D

[@rigelr5345]

Fell over this randomly on Reddit. Thought it was an ad. Watched it 'cause Netflix didn't live up to expectations and got tired of looking for stuff to watch so I thought "what the heck". 10/10, subscribed

[@KnowHistory]

I am glad I gave you some entertainment! Welcome onboard and thanks for subbing!

[@Red.Star.Over.China.]

Correction, Shanshan was both the new name of the city as well as the state. When Shanshan was installed as a puppet state to replace Loulan, the old city of Loulan was abandoned. the Han Empire installed a Loulan Prince who resided in China for a long time and was pro-Han. Loulan remained a geographical concept for a long time after that, but the state ceased to exist. The original city of Loulan was round-shaped in its traditional style, whereas the replacement city Shanshan was a square city in the Chinese style.

[@rebellefleur2993]

Chechens are probably closest relatives of them

[@Geopoliticus]

Caught the last half of the the premiere. Will definitely watch again. Great presentation.

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you! I'm happy to know! Lemme know later if you also enjoyed the first half! :D

[@darkranger116]

These aerial shots and maps go a long way to helping me understand. Really awesome video

[@MasterMalrubius]

Thanks!

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you so much for your kindness! :D

[@Sarke2]

Always was amazed by this part of the world and its ancient mysteries is held beneath the sands of Taklamakan desert.

[@massimowindowcolor360]

So interesting. I didn't know this local history

[@theculturedjinni]

Cool, the Tocharians!

[@powermac8500]

I stumbled on this video when looking for info on the Tarim Basin, and I'm glad I did. Thank you for teaching me something I didn't know. You inspired me to start a Loulan run in Crusader Kings 2.

[@In_Our_Timeline]

Land: exists Indo-Europeans: it's free real estate

[@KnowHistory]

and everything changed when the Turkic migration began!

[@kemsyt01]

​@@KnowHistory Did they fight with the Turks? or did they live in peace? What happened them?

[@jasonmuniz-contreras6630]

​@@kemsyt01 the turkics ended up turkifying many iranics. Slavs also assimilated iranics. For some reason turkics could assimilate many iranic peoples but not indics, slavs, germanics, hellenics etc.

[@RatelHBadger]

Between Turkey, China, Arabia and Russia is a vaast collection of nations and histories people barely know about. Colour me intrigued!

[@SPITAMEN_04]

Hi I've heard a lot from my Uzbek Tajik ancestors - we fled from the Mughal jungle to the mountain - I am a real Aryan ❤

[@gyurtomusic]

What games are you using as footage? Also, your channel is awesome and very much underappreciated!

[@KnowHistory]

In this one I used Imperator Rome and Total war Rome II / Three Kingdoms if I recall correctly. I also use Total War Attila and Crusader Kings III often for other videos! Thank you! I'm glad it is appreciated :D

[@shocky2787]

​@@KnowHistory I believe you're using Terra Indomita mod here yes?

[@CoolAdam247]

Can you next cover the lost Kingdom of Circassia please ? Would be awesome.

[@KnowHistory]

I can't promise I'll make a video about! But i do take suggestions and I do give them a look from time to time to see if my creativity pops on the topic :P I tried searching for it, but only came up with a tribal confederacy, is that what you're referring to?

[@CoolAdam247]

@@KnowHistory yes good sir that is the one. No matter if you do not cover it I'm just glad you have come across another lost nation. Also do you know about the lost kingdom of Characene which stood for over 300 years ?

[@monacam9341]

Thank you for this Doku. Very interssting.

[@KnowHistory]

I'm glad you enjoyed it :D

[@mrbaab5932]

The beauty of Loulan.

[@anasevi9456]

thank you for the video.

[@KnowHistory]

Thank YOU for watching and enjoying! :D

[@cerbzzz7147]

Great video, hope to see other tocharian and tarim basin cities

[@LM-pd6wj]

Great video!!!! Make another about the Kucha history!!!!!!!

[@Kristaliorn]

Soo good! Thank you!

[@KnowHistory]

Our pleasure! :D

[@unnaturalselection8330]

What the hell is a CE?!? I know AD and BC... Has something else been added to muddle that FURTHER?

[@joebidet2050]

Ce Common era But common to who ?

[@brixflores5121]

please keep makinf videos about the city states of ancient tarim basin

[@TheManFromWaco]

This video reminded me of an anime movie from about 10 or 12 years ago called "Sword of the Stranger". The film is set in 1500's Japan, but the antagonist is a Chinese assassin named Loulan, and he's canonically blond-haired and blue-eyed. While the setting is a 1000 years too late for him to actually be from Loulan, and the theory that Loulan was an Indo-Europpean settlement is no longer accepted, I can't help but suspect the story of the Kingdom of Loulan inspired his appearance.

[@KnowHistory]

I planned to watch that movie years ago but never end up doing so. What a coincidence! Loulan being indo-european is accepted! We simply aren't sure when did they settle in the Tarim-Basin. It was somewhere between 1800BCE and 200BCE however there is no certainty! I might watch that movie someday tho ahah

[@Intranetusa]

It doesn't have to be mutually exclusive. Central Asia, like many parts of the world, was a melting pot of different peoples and cultures. The fact that the red hair mummies of the Tarim Basin were actually genetically NorthEast Asians similar to Asiatic Siberians and Native Americans does not mean Indo-Europeans didn't live in the Tarim Basin either. Both groups and many others could've all lived in the Tarim Basin.

[@Scotty-P]

@@Intranetusa The "melting pot" came later, with the invasions and mass rape and the "mixing" committed by Huns and Mongols, et cetera.

[@Intranetusa]

@@Scotty-P No, it had always been a melting pot for over 2000 years...long before Huns or Mongols. Studies of Tarim Basin mummies show a lot of mixing of different peoples. And the original Turkic, proto-Mongolic, and Xiongnu Empires all were based in Mongolia and had their territory stretch into Central Asia. The Xiongnu Empire stretched from Manchuria to Central Asia since the 200s BC. That is centuries to over a thousand years before the Huns and Mongols. The Xiongnu people are believed to have been a mix of Yenesian, proto-Mongolic, Turkic, and even some Indo-Iranian people.

[@Scotty-P]

@@Intranetusa Wrong, and 'Turks' are an admixture - by whatever means and to varying degrees - of White and Mongoloid. East Asian genetics only 'arrived' here with Hun and Mongol conquests. Races have to exist, before they can be 'mixed'. This is; tragically, historical. Worse, is that such a "melting pot" is being set a bubbling and boiling in what are supposed to safe, secure, modern, White/Western nations. Via the mass immigration instigated by corrupt governments and corporations, and promoted as "diversity" and "multiculturalism" and the "changing face of...." whichever nation it is being inflicted upon.

[@jenniferbreaux7385]

Please do more on lost Asian societies.

[@rabbiezekielgoldberg2497]

4:10 That's not how you pronounce _indictment_ .

[@mockermuris]

ló= horse ül= sit on=hon=home ló ül hon= loulan= horseriders home

[@dealvarado4783]

Forgot to add that ancient north eurasians also share dna with modern day europeans

[@Arthur-pc1eh]

Even Native Americans do.

[@Serapeum]

How do you get that Imperator: Rome footage without any of the province names or HUD?

[@juretic6038]

Good video, but using CE instead of AD is confusing and unnecesary

[@Zephyriia]

WAAAAAW this is the first time I have seen a Western Channel cover Loulan, much famous and well known amongst Chinese historical nerds

[@jmackman]

Hey is there a imperator rome mod map that your using? or did you create this beauty on your own? Its a much much more beautiful map! great work!

[@spacebunny4335]

How did you get the terrain map from Imperator Rome?

[@raphlvlogs271]

fresh water is crucial to humanity but it is very unevenly distributed in the world and it can often be depleted as well

[@historyandgenes9991]

Note that south central Asians also share significant ancestry from the ancestral north Eurasians (ANE)

[@Liethen]

Most people from Ireland to Kamchatka to the Arctic Ocean to the Ganges have some ANE ancestry. Yamnaya people were roughly 50% ANE, Tarim mummies were roughly 60-80% depending on the mummy. Native American tribes range from 30%-50% (30% Western North America, 40% Eastern North America, 50% South America) Europeans range from 10%-40% (South vs North) Jomon from Japan were 20% modern Ainu are 15%, Kets from Siberia are 50%. I don't know the percentages for India and Persia, but that I suspect varies widely between ethnic groups.

[@galleya-tx3jy]

@@Liethen This explains why some modern Northern Europeans have an Asiatic eye shape and even Asiatic facial features. They have Asian DNA and those traits still persist to this day. Also, some Norwegians have Sami ancestry (mixed asian and white)

[@Liethen]

@@galleya-tx3jy The Asian eye shape and features didn't come from ANE. Asian features entered northern Europe more recently. North East Europeans have between 5-10% east Asian ancestry on average. Finno-Ugric peoples had mixed eastern and western DNA and brought it with them as they migrated from Siberia to Europe post ice age.

[@krcmaine]

Very interesting!

[@micahistory]

interesting, I never heard of this kingdom at all

[@seye8eyes]

That ancient written language it is the same as my ancestors had in LED scrolling 📜 led container to protect our identity not to be persecuted it is a mix of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan Tajikistan

[@Miamcoline]

Super interesting!

[@Sparky5960]

What do mean by BCE or CE - is that BC and AD?

[@aquariumnite]

Thank you for posting sources. That's a sub from me.

[@danielkolev9270]

from which games is your content ?!

[@nancyM1313]

Very nice 💎💙 thank you~

[@attilatasciko4817]

Thanks , very interesting

[@bethbartlett5692]

With all due respect,I would have to review the DNA to accept the Mummies found in Asia as being absent in any Indo-Aryan/Iranian genetics.

[@mikiohirata9627]

Great visuals to accompany good history lessons. I'm of Expat Japanese in US but always interested in knowing more about human migration histories. How people like Loulan displaced by whatever came of them moved on to where ? Bc there's a theory in Japan that suspected Jewish tribal people migrated to Japan in pre historic Japan (4-5 ad) that helped greatly to set up early Chrysanthemum dynasty with their great advanced knowledge/organizational skills. I believe they were wonderers of displaced people of Tokkara (Turkic origin) who could have root in one of the lost tribes of Israel. I wish you'd look into that.

[@MiraPloy]

Insane cringe conspiracy theory.

[@Arthur-pc1eh]

Everything you said it BS.

[@Pausi10_00]

I love the imperator rome footage.

[@JS-jh4cy]

Where was the kingdoms around the area that Job lived?

[@Parthkanyan]

According to professor henrich luders they are the Rors of sindh who migrated towards Xinjiang and it matches with your story that they have european ancestry and you know Ror's are the closest to Russian sintastha in whole south asia and even proxy of ancestral north indian

[@Parthkanyan]

Loulan derived from Rouran due to R To L shift in sanskrit and prakrit

[@lightningspirit2166]

I believe the present day wiga people have tocharian ancestry ,along with other Turkish people within China!

[@Arthur-pc1eh]

Wiga? It's Uyghur FFS...

[@lightningspirit2166]

@Arthur-pc1eh it's all the one ... !

[@lightningspirit2166]

@Arthur-pc1eh and don't be so rude, if you can be pedantic about words then try to be as mindful about manners if you're addressing me ...or kindly p off...!

[@tcxnt5442]

To the End of the World is a must-have mod for me. It’s a very accurate mod.

[@KnowHistory]

I love it! The moment i discovered it the amount of video ideas possible to created increased thousandfold! I just wish that the English location mod gets a bit more love in the future ahah

[@tcxnt5442]

@@KnowHistoryThe author is working on mechanics for Chinese states. This mod has a Chinese QQ group. It’s far more accurate than any other similar mods made by non-Chinese modders, because non-Chinese modders don’t have the ability to access to Classical Chinese texts. If you are going to use historical maps of China in the future, I recommend you to not use any western sources at all. For unknown reason, western made historical maps of China are almost all crappy. A lot of them even don’t understand the basic geography of China and surroundings. The border of different dynasties of China can be very accurately drawn due to the vast amount of historical records. Your map of Han China seems to be a western one, the northern border is totally inaccurate. The eastern portion of the Great Wall of Western Han dynasty laid upper north. The loop of yellow river should already being taken back by the Han dynasty at the time when hexi corridor and northern part of Korean Peninsula was conquered by Han.

[@tcxnt5442]

@@KnowHistory I recommend you to watch this channel. They are currently the top ranked Chinese historical map maker (in China) you can found on internet. kzbin.info/www/bejne/eYCwn5adps2Wbqc This is the period related to your video

[@KnowHistory]

@@tcxnt5442 What places do you recomend me to use to get some Chinese maps? I really like to get my maps as accurate as possible ahah

[@tcxnt5442]

@@KnowHistory The most common scholarly used historical maps of China is “The Historical Atlas of China” by Tan Qixiang, though his works are very old and considered obsolete from today’s view. I recommend you to look through popular history fan base like“Shituguan” who are publishing a complete series of Historical maps of China on their BILIBILI channel (in Chinese though) Their KZbin Channel is the one I post above

[@deanfirnatine7814]

Some dispute that the North Eurasians were really any different than West Eurasians aka Caucasians, just an offshoot. The Chinese are using the possible distinction for political reasons.

[@lolankan7711]

Thank you

[@HBon111]

Does this reference Rouran at all?

[@DanielMartins-rg2ff]

I'm kind of sad about the guy, like different bullies telling him what to do while kepting his kids as hostages and in the end even gets punished 😢

[@davidhull1481]

Jeez Louise, where do they get these narrators? 4:12- It’s not in-dict-ment, it’s in-dite-ment.

[@calum5975]

A simple error, my bad. I'm aware it's "in dait ment", for whatever reason I pronounced it as it's spelt at the time. It's not a super common word so it wasn't picked up by me (a fluent speaker), and KnowHistory (Portuguese), so we both failed to catch that one. As it's a portion we didn't write ourselves yet directly quoted we didn't particularly go over the text as extensively as we would have with our own writing, so things like this can slip through. A general rule of thumb though is to give the narrators a fair berth, on any channel or video. It's a single word in a many hundreds long word script, errors happen. Cheers :)

[@davidhull1481]

@@calum5975 That may well be, however I pick up on errors like this all the time, so I tend to be a little bit rough on narrators. And too, indictment is not all that rare. Good luck to you in the future.

[@mohdnorizam2732]

I like this city lou lan ❤

[@AS-Pra1.0]

The Kushans also lived in this region as well

[@madderhat5852]

I'll get there one day.

[@brillitheworldbuilder]

The Tocharian also had their own languages, a unique and interesting branch of Indo-European. Is it known if they were spoken at Loulan as well?

[@starkilr101]

Intriguing

[@ignacioaldao3293]

I live in a irrigated dependence region and now The rivers are bringing the 40% of the water than in the 80´s

[@valevisa8429]

So who lost the kingdom ?

[@chuggggggy]

If anyone here believes in Chakras, (not 7 but 12) but not just on the Human body but also on our planet Earth, it also has Centers of Energy. The Lop Nur is the 8th Chakra of Earth, so it's no surprise it's a dried lake already and a lost kingdom, because the esoteric human knowledge is always getting attacked and erased. But we know there was once the Kingdom of Loulan taking care of it.

[@Izwat]

The states of Lou-lan and Ku-shih, though very small, lay right across the path that the envoys traveled, and they attacked and plundered the parties of Wang Hui and other envoys with extreme ferocity. In addition, raiding parties of Hsiung-nu from time to time appeared in the region to swoop down on the envoys to the western states and block their advance. The envoys hastened to the emperor with complaints of all the hardships which they suffered and suggested that, although the inhabitants of the western regions lived in fortified cities, they were poor in combat and could easily be attacked. As a result of their complaints, the emperor dispatched Chao P’o-nu, the former Ts'ung-p’iao marquis, with a force of twenty or thirty thousand troops recruited from the dependent states and the provinces. He advanced as far as the Hsiung-ho River, hoping to attack the Hsiung-nu, but they withdrew. The following year an attack was made on Ku-shih. Chao P’o-nu, with a force of seven hundred or more light horsemen, led the attack, captured the king of Lou-lan, and succeeded in conquering Ku-shih. At the same time he used his armies to intimidate the Wu-sun, Ta-yiian, and the other states in the region. On his return Chao P’o-nu was enfeoffed as marquis of Cho-yeh. Wang Hui, who had several times acted as an envoy and been mistreated by the people of Lou-lan, took his complaint to the emperor. The emperor called out a force of troops and appointed Wang Hui as aide to Chao P’o-nu, in which capacity he attacked and defeated Loulan. He was enfeoffed as marquis of Hao. After this a series of defense stations was established from Chiu-ch'iian west to the Jade Gate Pass.

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

But did the Han ever reached that Greek settlement?

[@KnowHistory]

They did! and I have a video about them! It's on the description of this video! They even fought a war with them! The video is this one: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qYjHgK2cipKAn8k

[@jenniferbreaux7385]

Is this where the beauty of Lulan mummy is from?

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

Yes

[@devivaruni7940]

Der amgvaka ist tocharisch held

[@l.l3007]

Awesome compilation! This is why some Chinese have Indo-European genetics & physical appearance. Expressed as light hazel green eyes or hair color but with Chinese features

[@edwardjantyndorf4174]

I have serious doubts, concerning the recent "debunking" of original results, which probably are considered an insult to Asian sentiment.

[@kainwal]

Its actually Roran this people are now found in Haryana province of india. This people known as Ror’s in India im from that population nd i share 90% of my genes with central asians

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

Rouran are Manchurians not Loulan. This people never left their homeland, they are assimilated into Uyghurs

[@AndrewLale]

Why don't you say BC instead of BCE? It's easier and everybody understands it.

[@tonyu5985]

R1a

[@有容奶大-o8w]

let me explain: xiongnu means huns

[@mint8648]

Another lost kingdom nearby was Guge

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

it's easy to mistake Loulan for Rouran

[@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat]

Rouran are Manchurs

[@gediminaskucinskas6952]

Uprooting and destruction of trees seems like behind plenty of ancient and not so ancient catastrophies. Its not like humans grew greedy and didnt look into the future just now. They were like that always. Just had less means to do that in more ancient past. Poeple nowadays use to idolize the past peoples thinking they were more noble to the nature but in reality they were so mostly because they didnt have had enough means. Sure there will be always smart poeple who can see that over exploatation of nature could lead to bad outcome but there always more greedy ones who are ready to drain everything for some more profit not caring about the future.

[@Bizbuzzme]

They had red hair w blue, grey and green eyes, just as Genghis Khan why not show that?

[@teovu5557]

Only "one" source from a Persian man who lived 250 years after Genghis khan claimed he had red hair and green eyes. Lol most researcher consider it bunk. All genghis khan s decsendants today in mongolia and Turkic nations is ydnA c2 which is a straight up mongoloid haplogroup.

[@athulfgeirsson]

@@teovu5557 We have the mummies

[@Marcus_Aurelius75]

BC/AD

[@christianwestling2019]

Great videos, but can we not use the nonsense "Common Era"?

[@joebidet2050]

Yeah common to who? As a non Christian It isn't common to me

[@livrariaabsinto100]

Ótimo canal, pode fazer em português que dará certo.

[@rizaldepe8299]

The voice on the background seem's the voice of Prince William!

[@Boris.Becker.]

❤❤❤❤

[@jagdishhooda7853]

Lolan was the branch of yuchi ( Takhar) Saka tigra khuda They were goths people 5 branch Yuachi/ lolan/ lu- hen/ wuji / laser yuachi

[@TheEndDay2025]

Shanghai to where in PRC and ROC is LoLan now? 🎉

[@johnanita9251]

Oh dear, let's look for it then. Come along now 😅

[@hman1025]

Kucha video plsss

[@Thomas_Name]

You made a few mistakes. At certain moments where you should have said BC or AD you said some kind of amess gibberish words.

[@Wolf-hh4rv]

How can you “debunk” the idea that the mummies are indo-European even though there are no blonde Native Americans or N Siberians? Political correctness triumphs over the truth again.

[@WeWuzWolvez279]

Good point, But he said they "shared" DNA with the native Americans, draw your conclusion from that, we obviously all came from the same source....

[@Wolf-hh4rv]

@@WeWuzWolvez279 yes we know that. But they also keep telling us how close our dna is to that of a chimp. So small dna differences can make a big difference. The timeline on the separation of races is absurdly recent. Propaganda. The scientist that discovered DNA Watson got cancelled because he pointed out that black people have lower IQs. It’s all driven by politics.

[@arnavsharma1877]

​@@Wolf-hh4rvThis guy didnt tell that a lot of indo europeans were descended from ancient north eurasians through the eastern hunter gatherers

[@arnavsharma1877]

​@@Wolf-hh4rvAnd that the tocharians were descended from afanasievo culture

[@acaydia2982]

Also we know that Indo European males as a “rite of passage” would be ejected from the tribe to complete a certain task, mission, or an adventure of some sort before they could return for a wife. If they returned at all. They would have had laid down the foot work of the trade routes across Eurasia this way. Proto Silk Road. Prospecting, and protecting the trade routes and mines was a full time job. They were skilled metal workers, and semi nomadic. Not all were moving all the time . They worked overtime to keep foreigners off of their tracks. The creolization would have naturally happened, and quickly due to these foreign males going out to establish and secure trade relations with through the children with indigenous women. It’s not until these mixed offspring that we start seeing the boasting and claiming of being of Aryans lineage in the record for legitimization purposes . Which, is fine because they were, but I believe this is what confuses many people. They don’t realize how extensively mobile these men were. Not just on land, but also at Sea.

[@Thomas_Name]

With their shameful busy-bodying they merited their city into oblivion.