Lady Arbella Stuart: England's Lost Queen?

[@kayzee5540]

I love your peppy personality and genuine care for your subjects.

[@MR-xf8xg]

When you say "subjects...?"

[@taylortanner37]

Pretty sure they mean the subject of the discussion/story not that we are Dr. Kat's underlings.

[@kayzee5540]

Research subjects. There is probably a more appropriate term.

[@lindasue8719]

OK, at first I thought the replies were meant to be humorous…” subject“. It was used properly by the original poster.

[@claireconolly8355]

Subjects? Hehe clever!

[@sweetwoodruff6246]

I’m learning so much from you. I actually sit and watch the ads instead of skipping them so you can get the money for it. 🤣 Have no idea how all that works but it’s the least I can do to thank you! Greetings from Dallas, TX. Keep sharing.

[@arbicuswoo]

I watch the ads too for the same reason!

[@SunflowerSpotlight]

Ditto! That's how I really know I enjoy a youtuber: voluntarily watching the ads! 😂 She's worth every second!

[@cathylangdon9473]

I didn’t know that was a thing. If so I will watch them!

[@jrojala]

I only watch the ads a handful of channels, and yes, Dr. Kat’s is one of those channels.

[@farfallinaazzurra5318]

I do the same with ads

[@CPTDoom]

Didn't Elizabeth I also pull the "I'm too sick to travel" trick to slow down her journey after Mary I summoned her to court? I guess Arbella learned from the best.

[@Patrick3183]

I thought that too! Lol.

[@DS-us1vi]

Unfortunately for Arbella she seemed to actually be quite ill. The porphyria theory seems very plausible and her descent into madness is heartbreaking. All the years in isolation and her high status with no living relatives to support her except her grandmother who was just a rich commoner made her life nothing but depressing. She theoretically had all the prestige as the strongest claim to the Kingdom in the eyes of many but there was no means of her being able to get anything except the isolation that goes with being a threat. She never got to enjoy a moment of freedom and her life must have been awful - she was deluded by the end.

[@sarasamaletdin4574]

Her grandmother had other children too, Arbella had other family than just her. And Bess of Hardwick was a force of personality, not just a commoner grandmother. And at court there were plenty of other people.

[@lporquai9048]

Yes,..... But I'm sure it was Elizabeth the 1st who summoned Bess to court.

[@danacomstock7598]

Aww another sad story. Thank you, I think.🥴🥹

[@kateh2007]

Thankyou Dr. Kat and Congratulations on your well deserved 20,000 subscribers xxx. As I live within sight of Hardwick Hall I have a soft spot for Arbella Stuart being in the "care" of Bess of Hardwick amongst many of the other misfortunes endured by this poor woman. Had she been a male and therefore able to inherit I assume that her life would have turned out very differently!!!! Sadly I personally think that she had poor judgement, not to say dangerous taste, in men which didn't help her cause. That being said I do have enormous sympathy for her and the way that she was treated as an educated, intelligent and strong willed woman. Take care and stay safe xxx

[@mmhthree]

Had she been male, she'd been beheaded at Tyburn, or the Tower of London!! ;)

[@dastardlydianne5657]

As I understand it, she was the apple of her grandmother's eye. Her freedom was restricted because of Arbella's attempts to make unsuitable marriages.

[@leanie5234]

Ha ha...you're at +94,000 subscribers !!

[@MrKONEWKO]

I love that you cover the details and lesser-known stuff! Ive seen so many documentaries on Elizabeth II, Henry VIII and his wives, Bloody Mary, Mary Queen of Scots, etc... I know the basic stuff at this point! Love the deeper look you dive into with your subjects! And also your diligence in making sure your information is accurate and well-researched! :)

[@elfprincessplume2515]

congratulations! I feel bad for this poor woman. She truly got the shaft in life! I was wondering if you could do a video about Kathryn Swynford and John of Gaunt. Their relationship fascinates me.

[@lynneperry7454]

You are *very* bad for my housework timetable, thank you. Seriously I’m loving these talks, they amplify so much of the UK’s history which, despite being Australian, I find utterly fascinating. Congratulations on you success with your channel, it’s richly deserved.

[@SapphireAthena1]

I've been subscribed for a week, and I've been obsessed with your videos during quarantine. I don't know why Arbella's story, with her tragic and daring escape, isn't more widely told. I would love to know more about both court and non-court fashion, how it changed, what it meant, any rules in place. I really like the videos as well where you read portraits as texts.

[@ReadingthePast]

Thank you for the great suggestion for a future video, I'm so glad you are enjoying the videos!

[@taylortanner37]

Oh oh oh explain how pinning your clothes together was higher status than stitching them please Dr. Kat ?

[@shawnadyment]

I finished an online course recently about court and royal historic fashion, you may be able to sign up still, its presented by historic royal palaces and the university of glasgow. Tudor sumptuary laws were rather interesting.

[@stompthedragon4010]

@@ReadingthePast I'd love to know more about the fashions, also

[@Connjur]

@@shawnadyment thank you for your comment, I have signed up as the course is still active!

[@ginnysimpson5232]

I'm a new American viewer and I have already watched all your videos. Each one is a treasure.

[@mariamamariama6747]

I'm new,but I've watched almost your videos....... Your channel is very intersting,amazing and a great reference .Thank you so much and please make us a video about the childbirth of queens in the royal court

[@ReadingthePast]

I'm so pleased you are enjoying the channel and thank you for the great suggestion for a future video 🌟

[@clairepancerz9744]

Ooh, that’s a good idea...

[@amerkakos5850]

She didn't deserve to be imprisoned .

[@lynnedelacy2841]

Amer kakos this made me smile as I’d just been reading all the nice comments about Dr Kat and I’m thinking - imprisoned ? No certainly not !

[@lindasue8719]

The whole situation is nuts. What a wacky system.

[@tintinhickey5869]

Always been fascinated by Arbella Stewart but don't ask me why...

[@crazydrummerpanda]

Congrats! You definitely worth all this milestones for your channel, the way you present the historical events is very fascinating and keeps the attention of the listener! I do listen to your videos while i work on art sometimes it is very relaxing :D I do hope to see your channel grow more and thank you for giving us a better insight on history. Greetings from Greece! (I do wonder if there would be any chance you would ever do some videos over other nations history also ?) - Have an amazing day !

[@ReadingthePast]

Thank you! I'd definitely be up for looking at the history of other countries. Hopefully, at some point, I'll get to do it "on location"!

[@yvonnemiles7633]

I would like to hear about other countries as well. It would give a deeper meaning to British history, to know what was going on else where at the time! What the difficulty’s would be for some of our royals, married to the royals of different countries.

[@ginawiggles918]

@@ReadingthePast : I've been thoroughly enjoying your informative videos regarding a subject I've been interested in for decades. Usually, I find I wish to delve deeper into the subjects you discuss and wonder if it would be possible to suggest some of your favorite books for further reading in the "show more" section. It would be helpful to have the guidance of an expert when selecting purchases. Thank you in advance.

[@iseejewelz3874]

Suffering from depression I can only imagine how she or others felt way back when

[@margaretmahoney617]

I HOPE YOU FEEL BETTER. DEPRESSION IS HARD. I WILL ADD YOU IN MY PRAYERS . YOU ARE NOTICED. BE GOOD TO YOURSELF. MY EMAIL IS [e-mail].

[@tamangelinart]

I’m in Nepal, and I never get to see videos right when they’re posted, but I’m here early today!! I subscribed a few days ago and have been binge watching ever since. Thank you so much for your channel, I’ve enjoyed it so much.

[@chunellemariavictoriaespan8752]

An otaku like me🤩!!!!

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

Hello Friends in Nepal! From San Francisco, California, USA.

[@TheVelvetKitten]

I only found you because youtube put you in the suggestions. So glad cause you are great! I think the way you explain History is so … real and heartbreaking and amazing. I get the feeling that you love Humanity in general, which is rare these days. How do you keep your Faith in Humans in the present day?

[@ReadingthePast]

I guess I can keep the faith because I firmly believe that everyone does their best with the tools they have and the situation they find themselves in; as trite as it may sound, I don't think most people ever want to see themself as the "bad guy" so they must think they are acting for the good, at least on some level.

[@leanie9660]

@@ReadingthePast I agree. Working directly with the public (and during this difficult time), I can confirm that MOST people are good, decent, empathetic souls....sadly, there is a 5-10% portion of inhumanity that should be beaten soundly (perhaps not "beaten to death", but definitely slapped around until they wake up)

[@farfallinaazzurra5318]

@@leanie9660 I think it's at least 20% and yes, beaten to a pulp to teach them some human traits

[@annjohnson6193]

Poor Arbella. Seems what she really wanted was a husband and children. Wish she’d had that

[@--enyo--]

Yeah, I feel really sorry for her.

[@sarasamaletdin4574]

Or she was trying to plot by a marriage match. She was so young that she didn’t have to try to get husband and children right away. It would have been wiser to wait and get close to Elizabeth and make a match at her approval.

[@leanie9660]

@@sarasamaletdin4574 I doubt that Elizabeth would EVER have been interested in Arbella's marriage and/or childbearing.

[@tootieq6527]

So glad to see info on Arbella Stuart. Lately, I’ve been reading up on Bess of Hardwick, and have developed an interest in her granddaughter. Thank you so much.

[@melissacavanagh9662]

I love your channel, Dr. Kat! Your videos are helping me make plans for exploring my new country once the plague has passed and it's safe to do so. Your videos are also a way for my son and I to share our love of history--he's back in America finishing up high school. Thank you! Rock on, awesome lady!

[@gobnaitaine2791]

You deserve every subscriber and more! Brilliant, educational and entertaining channel. You make every person come alive and approach them with compassion. Love you and your channel. 💚

[@wilmwoodfilms1835]

Couldn’t happen to a lovelier person!!! Congratulations!!

[@gwynwellliver4489]

Congratulations! I subscribed because you are well spoken and knowledgeable without being insufferable. My DH has a colleague like that. My favorite history professor, besides my DH, was Dr. Brian Dunn. Listening to you takes me back 30 years to a fun Tudor Stuart class. Last year I read Gristwood's book on Stuart. She certainly gets glossed over in the T/S era. How frustrating to be be educated as she was, but to not run a household, hold a long term and lucrative position at court or even marry well. No wonder she lost patience with all.

[@michelleskeats2813]

This is such a sad story. Thank you for sharing.

[@aquariunboxer517]

The last line about the ghost of Lady Arbella still there in the tower of London gave me the chills.....thank you so much for such an educational video, Dr. Kat

[@Jazna1]

Dr. Kat has a lovely voice and manner. And no loud music! Nothing to distract from the fascinating content. Thank you!

[@terryroots5023]

Arabella/Arbella. In those days, spelling was fluid, and often reflected pronunciation. So, just as some Scots pronounce film as fillum, Arbella could equally have been pronounced Arabella. You were right about it being a sad story. Even her parents' marriage came as a result of mechanation on the part of Bess of Hardwicke, and she was a pawn in others' till her dying day. She spent her life being defined and controlled by those around her, I doubt she had a chance to develop a stable personality.

[@rosameryrojas-delcerro1059]

Makes me wonder if there is any consistency or pattern in the sources. You know, do the Scot sources use Arbella spelling more, The English Arabella spelling more (or vice versa) and what do the other (outside Engl/Scot) say and where were they. Did an Italian use one or the other when he was in Scotland while a German used the other while in England?

[@tollcross4755]

What a cracking wee channel! So refreshing to hear an academic with a normal voice minus the affected, plums in the mouth (no double entendre) accent. Being a Scottish Roman Catholic I have always had a huge fascination with Mary Stuart.

[@susansouthern6704]

20k..that's great..good for you.I've not been following you that long but I'm totally hooked..thank you from Canada

[@carolegodde7816]

Revisiting this fab account of Arbella/Arabella Stuart. Always been fascinated by her. Thank you, Dr. Kat, you are a brilliant teacher. ❤

[@vbuffy5952]

Many congrats, it's obvious why youtube has taken great interest in you. During these very unconventional times while we are all stuck at home I discovered your channel. I love history and watched one of your videos and was hooked. Thank you so much for all the very interesting history and insights. With each video, I'm hooked right from the start and finding that I still want more when the video is done. You should write some books, bet they would be great.

[@dloft3759]

I'm so glad I discovered your channel. I loved your portrayal of Arbella. What a story! Such a tragedy-very similar to what happened to Lady Katherine Grey. Amazing how being close to the throne could make someone powerless to marry the person they loved. Very sad. I always envisioned Arbella as being her happiest when she was able to live in Blackfriars. I wish we knew the location of where she lived there. She was finally away from court and free from Hardwick Hall! Thanks for the great information. Will watch the video about Bess of Hardwick next :)

[@thefiercesiren]

Love the way you portray historical characters in a way relatable to our 21st century perspective. Congrats on the 20k milestone! I'd personally love to hear your same treatment for lesser known, dare I say, common people of the time. Royalty we all love, but the rouges, vagabonds and scallywags also need their day in the light. Thank you. Looking forward to hearing more!

[@LeaMariaMusic]

I'm an English Mayor and so grateful for your channel! Not necessarily because I need it for my lectures but because I've become so fascinated with English History. You present a scientific, yet interesting insight into parts and personas of the English history and I have become absolutely obsessed! Thank you and please keep up your fantastic work!

[@itallia666]

🇬🇧 Ahh at last! Dr Kat, you have given some coverage of another favourite Historical aristocrat of mine! She was shabbily treat & should indeed have been Queen & we'd have avoided having the German Georges on our throne! Arbella was of the highest pedigree & had every right to be queen. Ive been to Hardwick Hall a few times & its a wonderful building full of light & a tribute to Arbellas grandmother Bess. I think it was because Arbella was catholic that she was bypassed for sovereignty. I did read an excellent book i bought in an antique book shop but i cant remember who wrote it It was a chap & think he was a titled man & historian. Sadly i no longer have the book Ive no idea where it wandered off to! I so rarely lend out my books! Thank You for bringing Arbella alive for this video Peace 🇬🇧👧

[@sherrilawton9804]

Luv Dr kat, and agree heartily with all the positive responses!!! I am an Anglophone whose forefathers came to the US 280 yrs ago (in 1740) so I really enjoy the history from you.

[@Oliviawww164]

Please do not be surprised!!!!!!!!!! You are informed, personable and very interesting. As a lover of history you bring it alive for me. I'm very grateful

[@keithfielder3692]

I have never come across this lady in my search of powerful ladies of England. Thank you for bringing her up. Enjoy your channel.

[@michaelamayes6657]

I’m a new subscriber, and I absolutely love your content. Thank you for educating me on questions I’ve always had about British history. You are keeping me sane through learning in this pandemic and I appreciate it immensely!

[@flanamom]

Congratulations on your well-deserved milestone, Dr. Kat! Every video you produce is of maximum interest, great quality, fresh and exciting, and welcoming. Poor Arabella, from her childhood she was a pawn to schemes and machinations of her relatives. I have always wanted to know more about this poor child /lady, and you've given me some well researched, fascinating info. Bravo!

[@pedrolopes8007]

It's official I'm in love with this channel. Your channel is so interesting♥️💕

[@marinagemoftheseas]

I just came across you and I couldn't be happier. I've been obsessed with history since I was very little and I haven't found many people and/or communities that exonerate the same level of fascination to it as I do, so finding you is just a breath of fresh air.

[@janvan113]

I am one of the people who has found myself absolutely captivated not only with learning so much about history these last few weeds, but your presentation makes it interesting and fun. I will continue to follow your channel, and look forward to each new video!

[@janvan113]

"weeks"

[@amerkakos5850]

I enjoyed watching this video of lady Arabella Stuart !

[@etcetera997]

Thank you Dr.Kat for covering Arbella’s story. Read about her many years ago, very little attention has been given to her.

[@TwoCatsInLondon]

I’d love to hear more about your story, how you became interested in history and what you studied! You’ve been helping me retain sanity during these months, and I’m happy more people are discovering your channel!

[@hunniboop1]

I really enjoy your content! Please could you do a video on the witch hunt in Britain? 💖

[@flannerypedley840]

Perhaps the early origins of it?

[@maureenlippincott9528]

Yeah, my fave, Dr. Kat is on!!!!! I SO love and appreciate your videos. Thank You!! Maureen xoxo

[@crazy_old_bat]

Congratulations on 20k!!! Very well deserved! Can't wait for the Q&A. 😃💖

[@Anna_Key]

I'm listening to this a year after you posted, and now you have over 93,000 subscribers!! Talk about exponential growth. Congratulations 🎊 I only just found your videos this weekend and have binged several Tudor videos already.

[@redalcock4704]

I never knew anything about this lady and so it was great to hear about her. Great nutshell video.

[@hilaryraza4561]

I love history and enjoy your channel very much thank you

[@hdwarrior8830]

Oddly enough hubby and I are on a Stuart binge fest, this fits right in. Thank you.

[@ladyliberty417]

Congratulations for being featured, it really works, I’ve discovered some wonderful channels, especially yours❣️ Lots of folks love renaissance history so you will assuredly grow, get ready for the ride Dr. Kat and enjoy 🥰🥰

[@optimalrefundable]

Dr Kat! I think you're an incredible educator and am so thankful I have found your channel. You've made quarantine definitely more bearable and nudged my history nerdness. You deserve all your success and clearly have a talent for incredible storytelling. And of course, it is always welcome, needed, and necessary to see women telling and talking about history. Thank you for all you do. Cheers and hugs from Kentucky!!

[@JeanieD]

I’ve been looking forward to your presentation of this subject! Since I’m enjoying all of your content so much, I already gave it a thumbs-up before watching!

[@McRambleOn]

Never heard of Arbella before, so thanks for the lesson!

[@leticiagarcia9025]

I love how you give account out to every historical figure. I really enjoy your videos.

[@egriffinj]

"I don't think she gets the coverage she deserves" I couldn't agree more. Thanks very much for a fine piece

[@mariearce8021]

It is refreshing to listen to someone who is knowledgeable and speaks well. This is interesting content to me. Thank you.

[@toddgarrison4229]

Really enjoyed this video. I’ve been fascinated with the tragic history of Arbella Stuart for years, and it’s great to hear her story fleshed out a little more fully. Maybe someday there will be a book on her. Thanks so much for putting this up. Your knowledge is impressive, and you deliver the information in such a personal, lively way. Kudos!

[@annesamuel7096]

I had no idea that any of this happened. History is fascinating, please keep going.

[@annesamuel7096]

I even watched all of the ads!

[@sharonsmith583]

Congratulations on 20k subscribers. You should have many more! Love your channel, love history!

[@blorac9869]

Thank you for loving history enough to share!

[@TheBriar_123]

It’s been impressive to see how your channel has grown! congratulations!

[@amybristow1389]

Congratulations on 20,000! I recently discovered you and have been binge watching your back catalogue. I even managed to have some information to help my daughter when she hit me with some GCSE History questions about Elizabeth I

[@MR-xf8xg]

I love your voice especially. Happy to see you when you pop up in my timeline.

[@ameliamurphy3414]

I found your channel a few months ago, and I just cannot get enough. I love your videos which are always of incredibly engaging, well researched and informative. You absolutely deserve all the positive attention you get. Thank you so much for all your hard work, it is greatly appreciated.

[@finnjones6912]

Dr. Kat entirely watchable and so informative. You deserve your success. Would you do Anne Neville at some point? Cheers

[@XAnimasticX]

I have binge watched hours of these videos. Absolutely brilliant. You are so eloquent in speaking and clearly just so knowledgable. You're just great kat.

[@arawakriesch7297]

I had never heard of Arbella Stuart. This was most enlightening.

[@lindaisenegger163]

I have watched from this channels early beginnings and somehow missed it....this was fantastic!

[@anna_in_aotearoa3166]

Amazing - I'm reasonably familiar with English royal history, but Lady Arbella has never popped up in any of the material I've encountered!! I think you're 100% right when you say the dominant narrative of James' "peaceful" accession has basically overwritten her story in most cases 😕 Feel really sorry for her experiences; sounds like she was clearly an intelligent person, who ended up having her life choices severely trammelled by others' political agendas - super frustrating, and possibly leading to mental health issues...?

[@sherapontaoe3214]

Congratulations and thank you for all the fascinating history! As many others, what a sad story...

[@elizabethsabatino6347]

Congratulations! You absolutely deserve all the attention. Your channel is fantastic, and informative and your manner of presentation is unparalleled. As a fan of History I thoroughly enjoy it every chance I get. Take care and thank you again.

[@gwig3630]

Another brilliant video. Two weeks ago one of your videos popped up on my YT homepage. I dived into every video and have loved them all. Congrats, on the YT recognition. I also am following you on Twitter. Thank you!

[@barrywerdell2614]

As I watch more and more of your interesting and insightful channel I realize why the founding fathers here in America when they were writing our constitution why they valued a smooth transition from one leader to another. Happy 20,000 viewers, I know 2 years of marriage is celebrated by the giving of something cotton so should I send a t-shirt?

[@ReadingthePast]

No need for gifts, thank you so much for your kind words though!

[@taylortanner37]

@Barry Werdell my great mimiere always recommended some sort of cotton bedding for the 2 year anniversary like nice pillowcases or a simple throw blanket.

[@lisw85]

This is why I love this channel you feature overlooked figures and dive fully into topics. So many channels just do on the surface-level and I appreciate the research and standard you have for this channel and your work.

[@marilyntaylor8652]

I really enjoy your historical spotlights. You have such a nice storytelling talent. I look forward to watching many more to come.

[@jenniferjacobs228]

Fascinating. My father's maternal line is Clan Douglas and Archibald Douglas and Margaret Tudor, are my many times great Uncle and Aunt. So, I really love hearing stories about the family.. :-) In fact, I had never heard of Arbella Stuart.

[@AndreaBethFerreira]

Dr. Kat you are by far the BEST channel KZbin has ever recommended to me. I am a self confessed Anglophile who live in the great state of New Hampshire USA, but I swear I lived in Great Britain in a past life. Love anything that has to do with British history. ❤️❤️❤️

[@lizardog]

Excellent breakdown of a historical personage. Your videos have so information but are never dry. Also, your voice is very lovely.

[@TheKoolbraider]

I just subscribed. Your presentations are clear, well documented and enjoyable. But I have to say that it's your theme music is fun and I find myself humming it as the day goes by.

[@legomego3333]

So happy to rewatch this and see the growth you’ve had! Sitting just under 70,000 now 🥳

[@hannahl.7202]

You are brilliant ! Cong. And hope you will get 50 000 very soon 🌹🌹🌹👍

[@bonim5180]

Wow,what a great storyteller you are. Love your channel keep them coming! 😊

[@carola-lifeinparis]

Congratulations on being featured. :) I love the format, looking forward to future videos

[@larneyk1135]

She is My RELATIVE & My daughter ( Twins) is named after her!!!! I give birth Sept. 11 2022! SO THAANK U! # I am a huge FAN OF YOUR WORK Beautiful Lady! xoxo (DR.)

[@MistydeeinTN]

Definitely some food for thought in this video. Thanks for this fresh take!

[@triskut]

Dr. Kat keeping us sane and educated during this pandemic.

[@Parsley-f9o]

I love the way you tell us about characters that we have heard of but know nothing about in a way we can all understand . 😀

[@PBJ1989]

I am such a history buff and I’m so happy I found your channel! Great work and you absolutely have another subscriber ❤️🙏🏻👏🏻

[@robbiemclaurin1852]

We love you Dr. Kat! ❤

[@BrownsBacker]

So happy to watch this missed video of yours celebrating 20k subs....and I watch it as you are about to pass 100k subs just a year later! Bravo!!!!❤️❤️❤️

[@RayWalker-pythonic]

I just discovered this channel the other day. I just love it.

[@tonistark4169]

Congratulations on over 23,000 subs!!! So well deserved! Somehow I knew your channel would explode. I’ve been telling all to check you out but that’s not why. It is your excellent delivery of historical events and figures. So many figures in that period of history were in-bred as married to first cousins or relatives of relatives. At least Arbella was an original name, if you will, instead of Mary or Catherine. I think Arbella was smart by keeping her religious beliefs “secret” or even, seeing the strife of religion in Mary Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I, she didn’t want religion to determine her fate. She was very astute by not only arranging her own marriage, keeping her religious beliefs “silent” and escaping the axe. Her own aspirations seem to be her undoing. Women were not very “survivable” in that era. Again, congratulations of a well deserved increase in subscribers!

[@renlysotherlover294]

I like these profiles of the lesser known individuals from the nobility. I’ve been binging them the last two hours.

[@tracys169]

I hope you will gain over 100k because you deserve it. Your shows are educational and interesting. I love the stories you shared!

[@carolegodde7816]

Dt Kat, I think your channel is the best due to your honesty and accuracy!

[@kimberlypatton9634]

You ABSOLUTELY deserve every great milestone!

[@susanbelida6981]

Great historical account. I enjoyed it. Thank you so much Dr. Kat.