Lecture 1 | Modern Physics: Quantum Mechanics (Stanford)

Lecture 1 of Leonard Susskind's Modern Physics course concentrating on Quantum Mechanics. Recorded January 14, 2008 at Stanford University.
This Stanford Continuing Studies course is the second of a six-quarter sequence of classes exploring the essential theoretical foundations of modern physics. The topics covered in this course focus on quantum mechanics. Leonard Susskind is the Felix Bloch Professor of Physics at Stanford University.
Complete playlist for the course:
kzbin.info...
Stanford Continuing Studies: continuingstudi...
About Leonard Susskind: www.stanford.ed...
Stanford University channel on KZbin:
/ stanford

[@cederveltman]

I am so incredibly grateful for Stanford putting this course online FREE for anyone to watch, truly doing their best to make education possible for anyone on this planet with an internet connection. I'm a sixteen-year-old kid from the Netherlands and I can not imagine any way I could have gotten this good of a way to learn physics, had I been born even two decades earlier. You are genuinely fueling the next generation of physicists. Thank you.

[@Fleato]

if that were true they wouldn't be one of the most expensive schools to attend. also knowing the materials means hardly as much as being accredited in the real world.

[@notetoxself3]

By by y by bbb

[@zimmre423]

As

[@zimmre423]

T

[@zimmre423]

Ds

[@sebbyteh9203]

this is the only course i can ever find that don't talk about weirdness of Quantum Mechanics, but actually spent time to teach you about the real physics! very good

[@karolakkolo123]

Yeah some teachers who don't know how to teach the material just cling to the cliche of quantum physics being weird but then use it as a way to hide their own inability to teach it

[@Godscountry2732]

I'm 58,and having seen Leonard on TV,I now have a interest in the world around me,this is good stuff,plain and simple.

[@jackhartmann1084]

Have gone back to these over the years for school and general enjoyment/staying sharp. What a gift to the world you are, Leonard.

[@stopdusty420]

Years ago i stumbled across these videos, i took notes and tryed to follow. Life got busy and i didnt have time to invest. Fast forward to now, i find my self making time for them. Thank you Stanford and thank you professor Susskind!!

[@glutinousmaximus]

I love this series of lectures. Leonard is such a good lecturer (a strength not always mirrored in physicists generally!) He is also one of the most influential scientists in the modern age. We should be grateful he gives his time freely in this way!

[@katycasata]

I actually wasn't expecting for this video to come up and hoping some "---" OCW video to pop up, but the moment I saw Professor Susskind, I was like "Dude, that's the guy who won over Hawking in the black Hole War.'' Thank you Stanford University for helping the world get educated. And you're my HERO, Professor Susskind.*salutes*

[@chanakyasinha8046]

@Reunite The British Empire interaction boost creativity, don't u believe it.

[@math.physics]

As an engineer who has always been passionate about math and physics, I was intrigued by modern physics, despite neither relativity nor quantum mechanics were part of any course syllabus at my university. I remember I used to binge-watch Susskind's lectures online.In fact, I studied these subjects on the side and found them really inspiring, I would go as far as to say that they gave me a novel perspective on life itself. That prompted me to create some online courses on Udemy on Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, special and General Relativity. It’s not my job of course, but I love talking about these topics while using some mathematics for “intuition”.

[@evocast8969]

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[@afederdk]

You need to keep full attention, but he hits all the right notes to explain the foundational concepts from just high-school mathematics and physics. Thanks a lot to Leonard Susskind and Standford University for making this important subject freely available to everyone.

[@82spiders]

A great teacher like Dr. Susskind can inspire a lifetime of learning.

[@Griid92]

To "understand" this is hard, but to also be able to explain it and make it "understandable" like he does makes him a genius, my god. Thank you.

[@Untruthly]

I'm not even in a university grade but I love learning new things and I don't know but thank you for putting these lectures up.

[@garrettcarrigan3155]

Thank you! It's really important to be able to have access to these sorts of lectures freely.

[@TonecrafteLuthiery]

Headphone warning. 4:15 And yeah, we're all watching this at 4am when we should be sleeping.

[@remavas5470]

George Mason how do you know? :P

[@LunaticTheCat]

Lol 6:00 AM here 😂

[@mikeorilllive]

1 am

[@ranger6762]

Damn. 4:40am lol.

[@curfimo9793]

Wtf how do you know

[@FRANK1FM]

This video course is better than a live class for someone like me.I never really liked taking notes during lectures.Taking a physics course was always out of the question for me,very complex and abstract.Now I can learn physics at my own pace,I can replay any part I have difficulty understanding.I don't have to view any of these lectures,but want to just for the sake of learning.

[@Harry_At_NewMexico]

I'm 48 and now learning all about quantum mechanics as i love these youtube courses and so thank you very much !!!

[@tyefiles3750]

How does it feel to be 60?

[@CRISNCHIPS12398]

It is just awesome that I can listen to a lecture by this genius even thought I'm only in high school.

[@SincerelyBradley]

It’s always so interesting to me that KZbin has been around for so long, that this person not only graduated high school, but probably went to college, maybe more after that, and have a career. Time flies!

[@MrKnowsItAllNot]

Hey it’s been 11 years… how’s life 😅

[@CRISNCHIPS12398]

Well I did get my Masters in Engineering and Business after all :) And career of course :) Pretty cool to see these comments after so long!

[@go-away-5555]

@@CRISNCHIPS12398congrats 🎉

[@EmmanuelEdim-pp7kf]

Cool ​@@CRISNCHIPS12398

[@contestationvoice4410]

I am almost 50 years old but i like to hear this type of lectures, well above my iq: yet always found it very interesting. The equations, relations, etc make me feel somewhat happy. I feel a little bit sorrow for this things were far of my abilities at young age.

[@petergreen5337]

❤ just repeat. Repetition is the mother of skill

[@noel350]

Watching scientists talk about quantum mechanics is like watching wizards cast spells.

[@lynxddragon]

oh noeeeel

[@seanhuggins5382]

Leonard thank you, none of my undergraduate profs have ever explained the uncertainty principle as you have, but it makes a ton of sense now. Cheers.

[@frogster777123]

THANKYOU Stanford! What a great teacher, to be able to make these ideas and concepts so accessible. I've never studied ANY physics before and I found this fascinating. I'm grateful to Stanford for allowing the public to experience these classes.

[@BennettAustin7]

Bless you Stanford and Prof Susskind for providing free education in theoretical physics. Im a junior in high school and would otherwise have no access to this education

[@probablechoices]

Thank you Stanford University for posting all of these lectures :-) Awesome

[@cheeveka3]

I'm 22 and the concepts behind this work is very easy to understand I don't know why people how problems understanding it got to have imagination and figure out the numerical values and meanings once you get that it's pretty simple

[@Stonerose17]

this is great, i will definitely be tuning in to more of these lectures!

[@rightwraith]

Been watching these lectures on KZbin since I was 19! Really helped me grasp a bigger picture and more general view of things while working through the minutiae of specific homework problems and whatnot while doing physics in college. Thanks for making these!

[@zombiesalad2722]

Been watching these since you were 121645100408832000?

[@Optimistic_Nihilisttt]

​@@zombiesalad2722 Lol..... 😂 19 Factorial

[@ArcanaL0rd]

Awesome lecture, thank you for upload professional lessons about quantum mechanics and physics, Professor Leonard Susskind for President !

[@mirirshad7466]

Love and heartly thanks Stanford for such a wonderful gift ...🌺🌷💞💕

[@Waranoa]

Thank you Stanford! Great lectures, amazing that you put it online! I'm flabbergasted that education of such quality is available for free!!

[@Ultimime]

Right?

[@freemindas]

I could watch and rewatch this whole thing for an eternity and be absolutely certain I would understand absolutely nothing !

[@joabrosenberg2961]

Short Introduction; The statistical nature of QM 9:00; The oddness of the QM randomness (two slits) 13:30; Another example, reversibility 26:00; The uncertainty principle 47:00; State of a particle 1:17:00; Vector spaces 1:23:00

[@cmfluteguy]

I agree! These lectures are about understanding the real world. Too many people are comfortable with their ignorance about the world we share.

[@ohfouroneone]

Thank you for giving me the ability to eat pizza and learn physics at the same time.

[@rogeroxendine2871]

G. Ewbwb

[@nicholasfrey6764]

Stuart see

[@nicholasfrey6764]

@@rogeroxendine2871 styrtrs you have to

[@nicholasfrey6764]

@@rogeroxendine2871 m even

[@nicholasfrey6764]

@@rogeroxendine2871 we can just just E r reeerr

[@ste6473]

I'm from the uk the delivery is great on this the speed and explanation thank you

[@qualifa]

Waltuh put your phone away Waltuh texting during the lecture isn't permitted Waltuh

[@kineto7]

pretty cool lecture. i like how he explains it, that the ''normal'' physics just show the constant nature but quantum mechanics like show the real life with all the factors, what can change things etc

[@Kathlyplayz]

Enjoyed this lecture greatly. Big thanks to the Stanford team for continuing to produce such extraordinary content.

[@keithrezendes6913]

14 years ago and still amazing thx you

[@Gnarfledarf]

52:05 "Heisenberg cooked" Breaking Bad foreshadowing?😳😳😳😳😳😳

[@MrCalvao]

That's the tuning law: An intelligent person will focus on how cleverly the subject has been passed. A well-informed person will focus on the quality and coherence of information. A head-and-tail sized brain guy will only be able to see if comments are nerdy or not.

[@hugorivera9738]

This actually helped with Linear Algebra. Thanks!

[@Toonhai]

the oldest yt movie about quantum physics. ty Leonard

[@SPKaa]

Thank you, Stanford U, for posting this. I love this series and my life is richer for watching it. Keep up the great shares, if you can!

[@snoop8692]

Hope you are something in your life now😁

[@GBlunted]

Continuing education huh...Well I'm 23...You can add that to your list of ages in the audience! And I'm in USA...not Europe...and this is so awesome I can watch this in my boxers while I lie in my bed! And I can rewind if I want something explained again, or pause if i wanna think about it or look at something on the board! Man, this is the way to learn! =)

[@martinijazz9]

I'm really interested in Quantum Mechanics, but being 14, I can't really take an elective on it or anything. But this series makes it less overwhelming to learn about.

[@FranciscoGarcia-co5uq]

Nowadays there are no excuses for not learning, keep studying my friend and study whatever you love, not what other people tell you you have to study. I wish I had really been introduced to science at your age.

[@martinijazz9]

Thanks :D

[@connorking984]

I'm 13 and your 16 now, but if I had a complete course journey to understand everything here leading up to each other I would totally learn it all. But I don't have a line of lectures or lessons so it's hard to learn some things.

[@pphilosophy2156]

Connor, what are you currently learning and what have you already learned? Math and physics-wise. For example, have you got a good grasp on basic algebraic techniques?

[@hks6198]

At 14 you should have focused more on mathematics and calculus which will make learning advanced physics easier

[@kurtilein3]

im studying physics and i like watching lectures online :) in the lectures where i need to be present, its focused very much on the mathematics, with experiments inbetween. Not much explanation or interpretation. Lectures like this help me to understand, but its much easier to digest, i can watch these in the evening with a beer.

[@alexl035]

I like the bit at 52:04 where Mike Ehrmantraut says 'Heisenberg'

[@thrunsalmighty]

(4) It is that degeneracy which produces the interference pattern As soon as one hole is identified (howsoever that may be) as the preferred hole, then that symmetry no longer applies. Then the degeneracy is removed from the corresponding solutions to Schroedinger’s equation. So there is ipso facto no interference pattern.

[@samferrer]

Believe me ... you will catch up eventually ... I love these lectures ...

[@laurencrom]

Professor Susskind: you sure know how to teach a class. I am gunning for Stanford and sure hope that I get in so I can listen to your lectures.

[@jtc1185]

"I don't always teach Physics, but when I do, it's Quantum."

[@MigangBedaKuli]

Why am i seeing these contents only now. 😣 so interesting lecture. Wish had such professors in my college days.

[@chandus2496]

I wish he would repeat the question of the audience for the internet before answering them... \

[@napiton]

This is good. I'm a chemist student and this course is a compulsory. But the lectures that were given here were about how to do a mathemethical acrobatics to the equations. As a chemist I dont learn equation very well if i dont have a reference point to the initial consept. I need the whereabouts of the math. He is explaining well where the different equations come from and why they look like they do. This is the way i learn things. I would like to see this kind of lectures more :)

[@ramsesvega8478]

Bro looks like Mike Ehrmantraut and I love it

[@ChromeStrand]

he is one of pioneer of the string theory. what a lucky me to see his lecture

[@aj_gotsmoke]

i study economic but i love this !

[@rosishkatuwal5677]

i study physics i still love it...😋😋

[@tarunagrawalji]

I studu political science and still i love it

[@brendanarnold]

I can't hear the question in the video at around 45 mins in but based on the answer I think the question is something like "The slit apparatus has a momentum itself. By conservation of momentum, any momentum ('kick') transferred to the electron will be compensated by an equal and opposite momentum applied to the slits. So the slits themselves are a measurement instrument of sorts. How can an interference pattern be observed if the electron, in passing through the slits, is being measured?"

[@maurocruz1824]

The name 'Quantum Mechanics' is always attractive. The later video (final video about Classical mechanics) has only 40 000 visits.

[@samsemp10l23]

still thats means 40,000 people did not give up. :)

[@sethyellin8336]

True true. :D. #HereHear!!

[@sethyellin8336]

One of my favorite scientists!! He is unbiased, which is somewhat rare, he's clear, and he is enlightening, vibrant!! #QuantumMechanics. #ORBS. #Science. #Metaphysics. #QM. near-death.com

[@0xpatrakar]

Many people would like to start from lecture 1 after skipping 7 8 lectures

[@Dyslexic-Artist-Theory-on-Time]

Based on (E=ˠM˳C²)∞ the Lorentz contraction of space and time is between the energy and mass. The greater the energy the greater the contraction of space and the slower time will run. Mass will increase relative to this and each ref-frame can be seen as a vortex in space formed by the rate that time flows. C² is light radiating out in all directions forming a sphere that can be squared to form the future probability. The brackets represent the boundary condition of the ref-frame within infinity!

[@Barack_Hussein_Obama]

Fell asleep on my desk and woke up to this

[@johndoe011509]

OMG! After 45 min of this guy, I can't continue. He could have simplified all his hot air into a 2-5 min explanation. It's accurate, but so long. I've already learned what he's TRYING to explain. I hope no one actually paid for that class. Actually I WILL SIMPLIFY THE FIRST 45 MIN for anyone interested in one sentences. "In Quantum Mechanics, the simple act of observing, recording, measuring, or altering in ANY way projected particles WILL cause them to behave differently due to randomness" BAM!

[@josepatriciocuevas3792]

I got emotional when he says "where is my chilean peso" (38:30), hehe

[@cthzierp5830]

F

[@Zenus1]

UCK

[@wrongloop]

I hadn't seen you guys were adding ages, well I am 20, and I think this classes are awesome. Although they seem to start very slow and boring they get very interesting.

[@joshkent7170]

Disco at 1:28:23

[@cutegirlrupha]

Josh Kent 55mk55tt5

[@dutch_blades]

That's beautiful :')

[@havabighed]

A cylinder is a coin with 3 sides. The radius has to be twice as big as the height of the cylinder for the probability of it landing on any side to be equal.

[@HackersSun]

I LOVE this dude, keeps it simple, explains it like Im 5 :P [insert reddit plug} xD And that's all thats NEEDED. good gravy, and here my professor is practically speaking cling on in class. keep it simple like we're NEW to the topic, which, we ARE. dont muddle high profile words when it can be explained like THIS. Complicated concepts broken down into SIMPLE terms. thats how teaching SHOULD be. not YOU ciphering what the teacher has to say and then you going off to LEARN the other 80% of the material :| *SO* I like this guy ! ♥♥

[@pearz420]

>speaking cling on

[@inox1ck]

1:13, if you do a gentile measurement it will still be a small disturbance the velocity by Δv. If t is very high, then x becomes long and Δt will be high. A small error in the initial velocity measurement will result in a high error over a long period.

[@maggy154]

kid named susskind

[@iAnasazi]

susskid

[@torlarsen2212]

What

[@theouterparty]

Louis c.k absolutely killing it in physics

[@TenHanger]

Teachers don't spend enough time on the particulars of the slit experiment. What EXACTLY is used to measure the photons on the back screen? What EXACTLY causes the slight randomness of the photons going thru ONE slit? Is it the frequency shift of photons coming out of the "laser", is it the human error in designing a perfect laser shooter? Is it the photons knicking the inner sides of the slit? And then in the advanced notion of the slit experiment which talks about measuring WHICH slit the photon goes thru, which alters the results (from quantum mechanical, back to mechanical expected results), how is the slit-choice ACTUALLY measured, perhaps the device is affecting the result? Also I think the fluid physics dudes should always chime in on slit experiment presentations with talk about carrier-waves, which after many many decades STILL hasn't been proven wrong. Physics teaching is so bad, and so one-sided, new students get bad education, thinking they know something, when in fact due to being presented the questions and solutions wrongly, the education system has actually created a barrier for those trying to ADVANCE human knowledge. If teaching sometehing, do it right, do it completely, and spend some actualy time on it, rather than trying to get to a pre-determined endpoint.

[@japerstrills2047]

+TenHanger Totally agree. It becomes difficult or should I say cumbersome to pay attention realizing the lack of necessary information to move forward.

[@ReDoSimple]

We are not here to learn how the experiment was conducted, there are plenty of papers and journals made available for you for this reason. We are here to see how this experiment affects the natural world. If your curious, you always have the internet at your finger tips.

[@TheQubez]

These may be of help explaining : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter_wave , en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality , en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle , en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation but in regards to why there is slight randomness when a photon passes through only one slit - it is essentially that the photon may glance off of the side of the slit at an angle, but this does not interfere with the experiment as a whole, otherwise you would not see a clear pattern but a complete mess. As for human error - this would be shown in further experiments, altering the effects of the experiment (remember a theory is basically a 'we can't disprove this' kind of idea, not the first thing that comes to mind, but the last idea that would suggests the results (see Plank's constant for a good example of an idea that became a theory because it explained the results). The results in the double slit version are recorded by flashes indicate the photon has hit a certain part of the plate - now this does bring into play the observer effect, from which you need the Uncertainty Principle - but the device itself is not affecting the result anymore than a TV can affect the result a football score. Hope this is of some help -though I do add I am just a lowly spectator in all of this, lol

[@suzesiviter6083]

TenHanger: Photon-Multipliers are used to detect the Photons, no one knows why it is based on probability. Basically Quantum Mechanics can predict how things happen; but doesn't explain why they do happen in the first place. They have the capability of firing a single electron at a time through the slit, but where it lands is still not predictable. I have been studying this a long time as an hobby and I still cannot tell you why we even have discrete orbitals around the electron and what sets their distance from the nucleus. We have advanced so far in science; yet the most basic of questions seems to raise questions and uncover gaps in our knowledge. If something cannot be explained by words alone without some complex equation thrown in I don't trust it, the beauty with Einsteins Relativity is it could be explained by analogy; everything we do in science should have such an analogy; "So up above, so down below" to quote ancient wisdom.

[@khaledyasser8293]

TenHanger This is not the class to go into so much depth as you would in freshman physics. The audience is middle age to really old people who want to get a good enough understanding FAST

[@38Niron]

yes it really comfortable to understand and hope for more such videos of chemistry also....

[@H1TMANactual]

Gotta love the internet

[@juice.1781]

lmao i was 9 when you made this comment

[@heisenberg7945]

@@juice.1781 so you mean to say you are the guy above who commented 10 yrs ago!?

[@johnchristin7165]

@@heisenberg7945 Breaking the rules:)?..

[@MetalMilitia5488]

Some physicists still debate that very question. Originally Einstein and some others argued that a particle does have a definite position and momentum, it is just impossible to actually measure both of these properties simultaneously with complete certainty. However, Bohr and many modern physicists interpret the uncertainty principle to mean that momentum and position are indefinite, and experimental evidence like quantum tunneling tends to support this interpretation.

[@user-yj5jd9rf6x]

Who's here after beluga's video?

[@IferMasterofFire]

Thanks for making these lectures public.

[@RangaNanayakkara]

One thing i couldn't understand is what was someone doing at 19:14 ?

[@RangaNanayakkara]

MegaCrazyBOSS :D

[@sethyellin8336]

One of my favorite scientists!! He is unbiased, which is somewhat rare, he's clear, and he is enlightening, vibrant!! #QuantumMechanics. #ORBS. #Science. #Metaphysics. #QM. near-death.com

[@sherlockholmeslives.1605]

+Seth Yellin What are his achievements in theoretical physics? I am not trying to criticize him, I really don't know. I think I'll look him up on Wikipedia, b.1 / 1 / 1940. I am not in tune to the descriptions on Wikipedia, of brilliant peoples achievements. It is to complex for a special person like me to understand.

[@sherlockholmeslives.1605]

+MegaCrazyBOSS Thank You! You are a NICE Person! Cheers - Mike

[@jellymop]

Cellphone i think

[@shansuleiman2567]

Thank you. Stanford and Professor Susskind. Very enlightening lecture. I was schooled in classical physics. The series do help temendously.

[@repik4072]

Pov: you came from beluga

[@zzyy09]

🤚

[@pranavtiwari_yt]

Begula

[@skethd3644]

yes

[@origamiview]

Definitely one of the most comprehensible explanation I've ever seen. I'm so grateful for this lecture, it's really nice there is someone who is able to combine together great passion with something what's certainly may be defined as a useful.

[@2112fonzie]

The chicanery is unreal

[@gnulen]

@SashaSmiles2013 good question. im a Ph.d in physics. Step 1. Smoke a large, but not too large joint and watch carl sagans cosmos. Thats mandatory ! the room should be darkly lid, but not so dark that you cant find your cola and chips - trust me. Cosmos is very long, so dont see all of it at once. Step 2. while you watch it keep a pen and paper near and draw things - birds and stuff - but also write down names and equations used in the show - look em up on wiki .. 3. buy cliff notes.

[@smrtghosh5072]

In beluga's video , this video had 651K dislikes and 12 likes. Came here to check whether that's true.

[@red-sv2qf]

That's inspect element btw

[@red-sv2qf]

I can edit your comment through manipulating inspect element values but once i refresh it it returns back to what it originally was.

[@Rebolicas]

what a wonderful class, thank you so much professor Susskind

[@sporko1095]

Begula

[@eschuber8]

man, we don't have this kind of continuing education in green bay... damn, must be nice to drop in on a genius teaching the meaning of reality !! oh man, i thought these were like undergrad/grad level and i was so smart for following along !! !!

[@juniisenpai3777]

me watching who doesnt have any idea about anything. HAHAHA

[@TruthSeeker201256363]

Thank you for uploading. Good to see one of the fathers of string theory...just awesome!

[@abstv5549]

*Beluga*

[@kirtu9035]

same

[@MrMotionless666]

perception is the the key to the slit exparament,when shoting a proton through one slit the area preceaved by the exparamenter has no boarders or points when you open two holes the exparamenter has created two point and up and a down if you will the perception is there are two point where in the first exparament there is no point

[@CometMedalChavez]

Waltuh

[@Briggie]

@FRANK1FM I have ADHD and had a very hard time in college because of this. These video lectures help me out tremendously as well.

[@hehexdd9041]

Kid named finger

[@bredonheh4473]

When I heard the ages of these people, I was kinda shocked. I wish there were younger people. I hope I can take these classes when I get into college

[@nsammgaming9742]

Who's here from Beluga?

[@kirtu9035]

me

[@s.v.discussion8665]

This class is relaxing.

[@lightmyst764]

He's done worse! HE DEFECATED THROUGH A BLACKBOARD. AND HE GETS TO BE A PROFESSOR? WHAT A SICK JOKE!

[@shottiekingsw]

i dont know what percent i fall in, i dont go to university i didnt do any further education at college or whatever but i like this video. normally videos on these subjects are so watered down that they just suck ass. this was a good way to melt my brain for a couple of hours.

[@lyricalnatty]

If i wasn't me by chance caught me at a glance through a portal, i wont in a million years think ; oh its a sunday morning so he must be watching a lecture on quantum physics. 😂

[@connorking984]

I'm 13 but I love this. Thanks

[@sebbyteh9203]

as long as you have basis on Classical Physics and have a strong foundation on math, anyone can understand the course