Lecture 1 | Modern Physics: Quantum Mechanics (Stanford)

Lecture 1 of Leonard Susskind's Modern Physics course concentrating on Quantum Mechanics. Recorded January 14, 2008 at Stanford University.
This Stanford Continuing Studies course is the second of a six-quarter sequence of classes exploring the essential theoretical foundations of modern physics. The topics covered in this course focus on quantum mechanics. Leonard Susskind is the Felix Bloch Professor of Physics at Stanford University.
Complete playlist for the course:
kzbin.info_play_list?p=1...
Stanford Continuing Studies: continuingstudies.stanford.edu/
About Leonard Susskind: www.stanford.edu/dept/physics/...
Stanford University channel on KZbin:
/ stanford

[@tehyonglip9203]

this is the only course i can ever find that don't talk about weirdness of Quantum Mechanics, but actually spent time to teach you about the real physics! very good

[@TonecrafteLuthiery]

Headphone warning. 4:15 And yeah, we're all watching this at 4am when we should be sleeping.

[@remavas5470]

George Mason how do you know? :P

[@LunaticTheCat]

Lol 6:00 AM here 😂

[@mikeorilllive]

1 am

[@ranger6762]

Damn. 4:40am lol.

[@curfimo9793]

Wtf how do you know

[@stopdusty420]

Years ago i stumbled across these videos, i took notes and tryed to follow. Life got busy and i didnt have time to invest. Fast forward to now, i find my self making time for them. Thank you Stanford and thank you professor Susskind!!

[@jackhartmann1084]

Have gone back to these over the years for school and general enjoyment/staying sharp. What a gift to the world you are, Leonard.

[@Stonerose17]

this is great, i will definitely be tuning in to more of these lectures!

[@glutinousmaximus]

I love this series of lectures. Leonard is such a good lecturer (a strength not always mirrored in physicists generally!) He is also one of the most influential scientists in the modern age. We should be grateful he gives his time freely in this way!

[@cederveltman]

I am so incredibly grateful for Stanford putting this course online FREE for anyone to watch, truly doing their best to make education possible for anyone on this planet with an internet connection. I'm a sixteen-year-old kid from the Netherlands and I can not imagine any way I could have gotten this good of a way to learn physics, had I been born even two decades earlier. You are genuinely fueling the next generation of physicists. Thank you.

[@Fleato]

if that were true they wouldn't be one of the most expensive schools to attend. also knowing the materials means hardly as much as being accredited in the real world.

[@notetoxself3]

By by y by bbb

[@zimmre423]

As

[@zimmre423]

T

[@zimmre423]

Ds

[@Godscountry2732]

I'm 58,and having seen Leonard on TV,I now have a interest in the world around me,this is good stuff,plain and simple.

[@Untruthly]

I'm not even in a university grade but I love learning new things and I don't know but thank you for putting these lectures up.

[@garrettcarrigan3155]

Thank you! It's really important to be able to have access to these sorts of lectures freely.

[@seanhuggins5382]

Leonard thank you, none of my undergraduate profs have ever explained the uncertainty principle as you have, but it makes a ton of sense now. Cheers.

[@math.physics]

As an engineer who has always been passionate about math and physics, I was intrigued by modern physics, despite neither relativity nor quantum mechanics were part of any course syllabus at my university. I remember I used to binge-watch Susskind's lectures online.In fact, I studied these subjects on the side and found them really inspiring, I would go as far as to say that they gave me a novel perspective on life itself. That prompted me to create some online courses on Udemy on Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, special and General Relativity. It’s not my job of course, but I love talking about these topics while using some mathematics for “intuition”.

[@evocast8969]

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[@qualifa]

Waltuh put your phone away Waltuh texting during the lecture isn't permitted Waltuh

[@afederdk]

You need to keep full attention, but he hits all the right notes to explain the foundational concepts from just high-school mathematics and physics. Thanks a lot to Leonard Susskind and Standford University for making this important subject freely available to everyone.

[@82spiders]

A great teacher like Dr. Susskind can inspire a lifetime of learning.

[@noel350]

Watching scientists talk about quantum mechanics is like watching wizards cast spells.

[@lynxddragon]

oh noeeeel

[@probablechoices]

Thank you Stanford University for posting all of these lectures :-) Awesome

[@Waranoa]

Thank you Stanford! Great lectures, amazing that you put it online! I'm flabbergasted that education of such quality is available for free!!

[@Ultimime]

Right?

[@Harry_At_NewMexico]

I'm 48 and now learning all about quantum mechanics as i love these youtube courses and so thank you very much !!!

[@davidcase1762]

Thank you so much to you, and the university for these wonderful lectures. I am so grateful.

[@FRANK1FM]

This video course is better than a live class for someone like me.I never really liked taking notes during lectures.Taking a physics course was always out of the question for me,very complex and abstract.Now I can learn physics at my own pace,I can replay any part I have difficulty understanding.I don't have to view any of these lectures,but want to just for the sake of learning.

[@frogster777123]

THANKYOU Stanford! What a great teacher, to be able to make these ideas and concepts so accessible. I've never studied ANY physics before and I found this fascinating. I'm grateful to Stanford for allowing the public to experience these classes.

[@ArcanaL0rd]

Awesome lecture, thank you for upload professional lessons about quantum mechanics and physics, Professor Leonard Susskind for President !

[@CRISNCHIPS12398]

It is just awesome that I can listen to a lecture by this genius even thought I'm only in high school.

[@SincerelyBradley]

It’s always so interesting to me that KZbin has been around for so long, that this person not only graduated high school, but probably went to college, maybe more after that, and have a career. Time flies!

[@TheAngelOfDeath000]

Hey it’s been 11 years… how’s life 😅

[@CRISNCHIPS12398]

Well I did get my Masters in Engineering and Business after all :) And career of course :) Pretty cool to see these comments after so long!

[@go-away-5555]

@@CRISNCHIPS12398congrats 🎉

[@EmmanuelEdim-pp7kf]

Cool ​@@CRISNCHIPS12398

[@katycasata]

I actually wasn't expecting for this video to come up and hoping some "---" OCW video to pop up, but the moment I saw Professor Susskind, I was like "Dude, that's the guy who won over Hawking in the black Hole War.'' Thank you Stanford University for helping the world get educated. And you're my HERO, Professor Susskind.*salutes*

[@chanakyasinha8046]

@Reunite The British Empire interaction boost creativity, don't u believe it.

[@maggy154]

kid named susskind

[@iAnasazi]

susskid

[@Rebolicas]

what a wonderful class, thank you so much professor Susskind

[@rightwraith]

Been watching these lectures on KZbin since I was 19! Really helped me grasp a bigger picture and more general view of things while working through the minutiae of specific homework problems and whatnot while doing physics in college. Thanks for making these!

[@zombiesalad2722]

Been watching these since you were 121645100408832000?

[@Existentialist-137]

​@@zombiesalad2722 Lol..... 😂 19 Factorial

[@martinijazz9]

I'm really interested in Quantum Mechanics, but being 14, I can't really take an elective on it or anything. But this series makes it less overwhelming to learn about.

[@FranciscoGarcia-co5uq]

Nowadays there are no excuses for not learning, keep studying my friend and study whatever you love, not what other people tell you you have to study. I wish I had really been introduced to science at your age.

[@martinijazz9]

Thanks :D

[@connorking984]

I'm 13 and your 16 now, but if I had a complete course journey to understand everything here leading up to each other I would totally learn it all. But I don't have a line of lectures or lessons so it's hard to learn some things.

[@pphilosophy2156]

Connor, what are you currently learning and what have you already learned? Math and physics-wise. For example, have you got a good grasp on basic algebraic techniques?

[@hks6198]

At 14 you should have focused more on mathematics and calculus which will make learning advanced physics easier

[@hugorivera9738]

This actually helped with Linear Algebra. Thanks!

[@contestationvoice4410]

I am almost 50 years old but i like to hear this type of lectures, well above my iq: yet always found it very interesting. The equations, relations, etc make me feel somewhat happy. I feel a little bit sorrow for this things were far of my abilities at young age.

[@petergreen5337]

❤ just repeat. Repetition is the mother of skill

[@shansuleiman2567]

Thank you. Stanford and Professor Susskind. Very enlightening lecture. I was schooled in classical physics. The series do help temendously.

[@Griid92]

To "understand" this is hard, but to also be able to explain it and make it "understandable" like he does makes him a genius, my god. Thank you.

[@Gnarfledarf]

52:05 "Heisenberg cooked" Breaking Bad foreshadowing?😳😳😳😳😳😳

[@kineto7]

pretty cool lecture. i like how he explains it, that the ''normal'' physics just show the constant nature but quantum mechanics like show the real life with all the factors, what can change things etc

[@Euquila]

18:07 doesn't it create an airy disk pattern because opposite edges of the aperture are like the 2 slits?

[@chandus2496]

I wish he would repeat the question of the audience for the internet before answering them... \

[@MikeCunninghamissexy]

I am just thrilled that "Leonard Susskind" is giving the coarse , he is one of my all time hero's , with an amazing mind , and friend of Richard Feynman , another hero of mine :-)

[@BennettAustin7]

Bless you Stanford and Prof Susskind for providing free education in theoretical physics. Im a junior in high school and would otherwise have no access to this education

[@bfyguy]

What's the sequence of the courses taught by him? is quantum entanglement a kind of helpful pre requisuite for this?

[@Lk_boca]

Enjoyed this lecture greatly. Big thanks to the Stanford team for continuing to produce such extraordinary content.

[@SPKaa]

Thank you, Stanford U, for posting this. I love this series and my life is richer for watching it. Keep up the great shares, if you can!

[@snoop8692]

Hope you are something in your life now😁

[@inox1ck]

1:13, if you do a gentile measurement it will still be a small disturbance the velocity by Δv. If t is very high, then x becomes long and Δt will be high. A small error in the initial velocity measurement will result in a high error over a long period.

[@keithrezendes6913]

14 years ago and still amazing thx you

[@ohfouroneone]

Thank you for giving me the ability to eat pizza and learn physics at the same time.

[@rogeroxendine2871]

G. Ewbwb

[@nicholasfrey6764]

Stuart see

[@nicholasfrey6764]

@@rogeroxendine2871 styrtrs you have to

[@nicholasfrey6764]

@@rogeroxendine2871 m even

[@nicholasfrey6764]

@@rogeroxendine2871 we can just just E r reeerr

[@alexl035]

I like the bit at 52:04 where Mike Ehrmantraut says 'Heisenberg'

[@origamiview]

Definitely one of the most comprehensible explanation I've ever seen. I'm so grateful for this lecture, it's really nice there is someone who is able to combine together great passion with something what's certainly may be defined as a useful.

[@fernandonora1464]

At 1:14:13 someone between the public says that is possible to determine the position and the velocity of a particle making it interact with a lot of photons with very small lambda in a long period of time. I think that this only gives us the average position not the position in a single instant of time, so this is not against indetermination principle. But I can be wrong of course.

[@ramsesvega8478]

Bro looks like Mike Ehrmantraut and I love it

[@josepatriciocuevas3792]

I got emotional when he says "where is my chilean peso" (38:30), hehe

[@cthzierp5830]

F

[@Zenus1]

UCK

[@mirirshad7466]

Love and heartly thanks Stanford for such a wonderful gift ...🌺🌷💞💕

[@MigangBedaKuli]

Why am i seeing these contents only now. 😣 so interesting lecture. Wish had such professors in my college days.

[@maurocruz1824]

The name 'Quantum Mechanics' is always attractive. The later video (final video about Classical mechanics) has only 40 000 visits.

[@samsemp10l23]

still thats means 40,000 people did not give up. :)

[@sethyellin8336]

True true. :D. #HereHear!!

[@sethyellin8336]

One of my favorite scientists!! He is unbiased, which is somewhat rare, he's clear, and he is enlightening, vibrant!! #QuantumMechanics. #ORBS. #Science. #Metaphysics. #QM. near-death.com

[@0xpatrakar]

Many people would like to start from lecture 1 after skipping 7 8 lectures

[@jtc1185]

"I don't always teach Physics, but when I do, it's Quantum."

[@wrongloop]

I hadn't seen you guys were adding ages, well I am 20, and I think this classes are awesome. Although they seem to start very slow and boring they get very interesting.

[@TruthSeeker201256363]

Thank you for uploading. Good to see one of the fathers of string theory...just awesome!

[@aj_gotsmoke]

i study economic but i love this !

[@rosishkatuwal5677]

i study physics i still love it...😋😋

[@adi_bro_99]

I studu political science and still i love it

[@samferrer]

Believe me ... you will catch up eventually ... I love these lectures ...

[@freemindas]

I could watch and rewatch this whole thing for an eternity and be absolutely certain I would understand absolutely nothing !

[@cmfluteguy]

I agree! These lectures are about understanding the real world. Too many people are comfortable with their ignorance about the world we share.

[@joshkent7170]

Disco at 1:28:23

[@cutegirlrupha]

Josh Kent 55mk55tt5

[@dutch_blades]

That's beautiful :')

[@HackersSun]

I LOVE this dude, keeps it simple, explains it like Im 5 :P [insert reddit plug} xD And that's all thats NEEDED. good gravy, and here my professor is practically speaking cling on in class. keep it simple like we're NEW to the topic, which, we ARE. dont muddle high profile words when it can be explained like THIS. Complicated concepts broken down into SIMPLE terms. thats how teaching SHOULD be. not YOU ciphering what the teacher has to say and then you going off to LEARN the other 80% of the material :| *SO* I like this guy ! ♥♥

[@pearz420]

>speaking cling on

[@themarman]

Great video! Thank you very much Stanford. You guys rock.

[@ste6473]

I'm from the uk the delivery is great on this the speed and explanation thank you

[@RangaNanayakkara]

One thing i couldn't understand is what was someone doing at 19:14 ?

[@RangaNanayakkara]

MegaCrazyBOSS :D

[@sethyellin8336]

One of my favorite scientists!! He is unbiased, which is somewhat rare, he's clear, and he is enlightening, vibrant!! #QuantumMechanics. #ORBS. #Science. #Metaphysics. #QM. near-death.com

[@sherlockholmeslives.1605]

+Seth Yellin What are his achievements in theoretical physics? I am not trying to criticize him, I really don't know. I think I'll look him up on Wikipedia, b.1 / 1 / 1940. I am not in tune to the descriptions on Wikipedia, of brilliant peoples achievements. It is to complex for a special person like me to understand.

[@sherlockholmeslives.1605]

+MegaCrazyBOSS Thank You! You are a NICE Person! Cheers - Mike

[@jellymop]

Cellphone i think

[@H1TMANactual]

Gotta love the internet

[@juice.1781]

lmao i was 9 when you made this comment

[@heisenberg7945]

@@juice.1781 so you mean to say you are the guy above who commented 10 yrs ago!?

[@johnchristin7165]

@@heisenberg7945 Breaking the rules:)?..

[@kurtilein3]

im studying physics and i like watching lectures online :) in the lectures where i need to be present, its focused very much on the mathematics, with experiments inbetween. Not much explanation or interpretation. Lectures like this help me to understand, but its much easier to digest, i can watch these in the evening with a beer.

[@cheeveka3]

I'm 22 and the concepts behind this work is very easy to understand I don't know why people how problems understanding it got to have imagination and figure out the numerical values and meanings once you get that it's pretty simple

[@repik4072]

Pov: you came from beluga

[@zzyy09]

🤚

[@pranavtiwari_yt]

Begula

[@skethd3644]

yes

[@2112fonzie]

The chicanery is unreal

[@theodorei.4278]

At approximately 42:00 Prof. states that if no one records the photon then we have an interference pattern. Since I cannot find any document with the detailed description of the double slit experiment, two main questions arise: 1) is the experiment done in absolute or near vacuum? 2) how do we know that no particle of the wall with the two slits is excited at the time the photon passes through and consequently disturb the system? Could someone please respond?

[@HU2VPO]

Does the series (Quantum Mechanics) discusses mathematics needed and Perturbation Theory? If yes, then in which lecture number?

[@TenHanger]

Teachers don't spend enough time on the particulars of the slit experiment. What EXACTLY is used to measure the photons on the back screen? What EXACTLY causes the slight randomness of the photons going thru ONE slit? Is it the frequency shift of photons coming out of the "laser", is it the human error in designing a perfect laser shooter? Is it the photons knicking the inner sides of the slit? And then in the advanced notion of the slit experiment which talks about measuring WHICH slit the photon goes thru, which alters the results (from quantum mechanical, back to mechanical expected results), how is the slit-choice ACTUALLY measured, perhaps the device is affecting the result? Also I think the fluid physics dudes should always chime in on slit experiment presentations with talk about carrier-waves, which after many many decades STILL hasn't been proven wrong. Physics teaching is so bad, and so one-sided, new students get bad education, thinking they know something, when in fact due to being presented the questions and solutions wrongly, the education system has actually created a barrier for those trying to ADVANCE human knowledge. If teaching sometehing, do it right, do it completely, and spend some actualy time on it, rather than trying to get to a pre-determined endpoint.

[@japerstrills2047]

+TenHanger Totally agree. It becomes difficult or should I say cumbersome to pay attention realizing the lack of necessary information to move forward.

[@ReDoSimple]

We are not here to learn how the experiment was conducted, there are plenty of papers and journals made available for you for this reason. We are here to see how this experiment affects the natural world. If your curious, you always have the internet at your finger tips.

[@TheQubez]

These may be of help explaining : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter_wave , en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality , en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle , en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation but in regards to why there is slight randomness when a photon passes through only one slit - it is essentially that the photon may glance off of the side of the slit at an angle, but this does not interfere with the experiment as a whole, otherwise you would not see a clear pattern but a complete mess. As for human error - this would be shown in further experiments, altering the effects of the experiment (remember a theory is basically a 'we can't disprove this' kind of idea, not the first thing that comes to mind, but the last idea that would suggests the results (see Plank's constant for a good example of an idea that became a theory because it explained the results). The results in the double slit version are recorded by flashes indicate the photon has hit a certain part of the plate - now this does bring into play the observer effect, from which you need the Uncertainty Principle - but the device itself is not affecting the result anymore than a TV can affect the result a football score. Hope this is of some help -though I do add I am just a lowly spectator in all of this, lol

[@suzesiviter6083]

TenHanger: Photon-Multipliers are used to detect the Photons, no one knows why it is based on probability. Basically Quantum Mechanics can predict how things happen; but doesn't explain why they do happen in the first place. They have the capability of firing a single electron at a time through the slit, but where it lands is still not predictable. I have been studying this a long time as an hobby and I still cannot tell you why we even have discrete orbitals around the electron and what sets their distance from the nucleus. We have advanced so far in science; yet the most basic of questions seems to raise questions and uncover gaps in our knowledge. If something cannot be explained by words alone without some complex equation thrown in I don't trust it, the beauty with Einsteins Relativity is it could be explained by analogy; everything we do in science should have such an analogy; "So up above, so down below" to quote ancient wisdom.

[@khaledyasser8293]

TenHanger This is not the class to go into so much depth as you would in freshman physics. The audience is middle age to really old people who want to get a good enough understanding FAST

[@CometMedalChavez]

Waltuh

[@live4Cha]

uncertainty is a flaw. what if you simply hold the particle and do not allow ins momentum to change? or use higher wavelength and repeat the experiment and average over some time?

[@laurencrom]

Professor Susskind: you sure know how to teach a class. I am gunning for Stanford and sure hope that I get in so I can listen to your lectures.

[@Barack_Hussein_Obama]

Fell asleep on my desk and woke up to this

[@abstv5549]

*Beluga*

[@kirtu9035]

same

[@Psnym]

At 37:41 Lenny talks about not interfering with the electron at all after it passes thru the slit (and that as such, it’s motion is perfectly reversible). But what about potential entanglement with or decoherence against virtual pairs in the vacuum? Wouldn’t that be a kind of “detection?”

[@stinkclown]

What happens when you set up a detector that observes only a fraction of the photons passing the slits. Would you get a mixed expected distribution with interference? (At the destination)

[@stinkclown]

Also, can additive properties of field forces be used to incrementally measure a particle without interference?

[@acenog123]

Once you set up an apparatus to observe which slit the photon goes through you collapse the wave function, thereby producing the expected pattern of two lines. This is something known as the observer affect and arises because of the apparatus directly affecting the conditions of the experiment.

[@dylanhaymore608]

Correct. Only the wavefunctions of the "observed" or detected particles would collapse and show classical effects while the particles that were not detected would retain their quantum mechanical effect.

[@sporko1095]

Begula

[@smrtghosh5072]

In beluga's video , this video had 651K dislikes and 12 likes. Came here to check whether that's true.

[@red-sv2qf]

That's inspect element btw

[@red-sv2qf]

I can edit your comment through manipulating inspect element values but once i refresh it it returns back to what it originally was.

[@tekno3589]

What if one could build a neutrino microscope. Would that allow one to measure the momentum and position? Would that be sufficiently "gentle" in measuring the experiment?

[@pby1000]

Thanks, Prof. Susskind, for sharing these videos. It is great to learn from you, and it is great that there is so much interest in Physics in the community.

[@RadioactiveHax]

Kid named finger:

[@user-yj5jd9rf6x]

Who's here after beluga's video?

[@fiddlerinblack]

He might be a good teacher. I felt a bit inspired. Hard to say just looking at a layman introduction to "quantum physics"

[@38Niron]

yes it really comfortable to understand and hope for more such videos of chemistry also....

[@hehexdd9041]

Kid named finger

[@deyomash]

1:35:00 if you multiply i with an already , as you said, imaginary part then it would turn real again?

[@warnpassion]

Thanks a lot Stanford for sharing Physics lectures. :)

[@juniisenpai3777]

me watching who doesnt have any idea about anything. HAHAHA

[@nsammgaming9742]

Who's here from Beluga?

[@kirtu9035]

me

[@nashcedeno]

It looks like this was recorded with one of those automatic recording devices, you plug into the camera and follows a tag

[@fahimullah8490]

What's the difference between these lectures and the theoretical minimum ones? There are two lecture series taught by Proff. Leonard in Quantum Mechanics. Anyone?

[@connorking984]

I'm 13 but I love this. Thanks

[@tehyonglip9203]

as long as you have basis on Classical Physics and have a strong foundation on math, anyone can understand the course

[@brahamaggarwal1800]

beluga

[@moonchildkeira]

Thank you for putting this on youtube!

[@thrunsalmighty]

(4) It is that degeneracy which produces the interference pattern As soon as one hole is identified (howsoever that may be) as the preferred hole, then that symmetry no longer applies. Then the degeneracy is removed from the corresponding solutions to Schroedinger’s equation. So there is ipso facto no interference pattern.

[@dmitriyvoloshyn2353]

A bit strange to teach people the fundamentals of linear algebra when the course is dedicated to quantum mechanics. Appropriate mathematics should be studied before. I don't realise what the lector will do with functional analysis... But maybe these lectures are merely superficial? In any case thanks for publishing.

[@Dr.Sortospino]

it's a kind of math you never did before, and is used just in quantum mechanics. and allow you to write much easier all the calculations...:)

[@mike4ty4]

This is a generic course series for general interest not in depth study. An in depth study would involve taking the full course of linear algebra first.

[@alalize]

Linear algebra is "only used in quantum mechanics" ? I hope you discovered how wrong that is in a year. ^_^"