Liberalism in IR

[@aashidhawan]

Liberalism is a school of thought within international relations theory which can be thought to revolve around three interrelated principles: • Rejection of power politics as the only possible outcome of international relations; it questions security/warfare principles of realism. • It accentuates mutual benefits and international cooperation. • It implements international organizations and nongovernmental actors for shaping state preferences and policy choices. This school of thought emphasizes three factors that encourage more cooperation and less conflict among states: • International institutions, such as the United Nations, who provide a forum to resolve disputes in a non-violent way. • International trade because when countries' economies are interconnected through trade they are less likely to go to war with each other. • Spread of democracy as well-established democracies do not go to war with one another, so if there are more democracies, interstate war will be less frequent. Thank you ma'am for this informative lecture.

[@riya2956]

Liberalism in IR is about concepts and debates about how institutions, behaviours and economic connections mitigate the power of States. Liberalism is a necessary feature in IR because state's activities abroad can have a strong influence on liberty at home. Negetive impact of militaristic foreign policies. Therefore the liberal school in IR tries to construct ideas based on assumptions that protect individual freedom by limiting and checking the political power. Characteristics of Neo Libralism:- 1. Privatisation 2. Deregulation 3. Free trade 4. Reducing public expenditure 5. Elimination of the public good Thank you ma'am for an amazing lecture!!

[@Suhanijaiswal1]

Liberalism is a defining future of modern democracy, illustrated by the prevalence of the term" liberal democracy" as a way to describe countries with free and fair elections, rule of law and protected civil liberties . However, liberalism when discussed within the realm of IR theory - has evolved into a distinct entity of its on. Liberalism contains a variety of concept and arguments about how institutions, behaviours and economic connections, contain and mitigate the violent power of States. Main focus of liberalism: political doctrine that takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of politics. Liberals typically believe that government is necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others, but they also recognise that the government itself can pose a threat to Liberty. Types of liberalism: 1 commercial 2 Republic 3 sociological 4 liberal institutionalism and Neo- liberalism Thank you so much mam for this wonderful lecture it's really helped Suhani jaiswal 20/1752

[@chimerachicken]

The lecture was crisp and to the point. Liberalism is a school of thought within international relations theory. Liberalism focuses on the idea of freedom equality of income, redistribution of wealth, etc. Liberalism is a process that signifies safeguarding liberty of the individual, rule of law protection of civil liberties. Liberalism believes that individuals and states are capable of cooperating despite anarchy. The main focus of liberalism is to construct institutions that protect individual freedoms by limiting and checking political power. Ways of institutional check on power in the liberal state: 1. Free and fair elections. 2. Division of political power among different branches and levels of government. It is presumed by the liberal school that democracies are highly unlikely to go to war with one another. Types of liberalism: Commercial liberalism Republican liberalism Sociological liberalism Neoliberal Institutionalism liberalism.

[@ishitarai7755]

Liberalism focuses on freedom of a individual. Liberalism democracy means free and fare election,rule of law, protection of civil libertyb absence of any kind of Monopoly, prevelleged liberty of the individual amongst others. IR has often been discipline of debates. Thanks ma'am for such a greatful lecture..

[@riyarajkotiya8514]

Liberalism plays a very vital role in IR. Liberalism is one of the features of modern democracy which means free and fair elections. The main focus of liberalism is on citizens and states and rule of law and civil liberties. Liberalism also talks about the rejection of power politics and warfare principles of realism. Thank you so much ma'am for such a wonderful lecture 💫

[@nupursoni1949]

Thankyou so much ma'am for such a wonderful and informative lecture!! Whenever we look at liberalism freedom is always the starting point. Liberalism's main focus is on freedom of individuals. 🔻Liberalism in IR :- It is about concepts and debates about how institutions, behaviours and economic connections mitigate the power of States. Liberalism is a necessary feature in IR because state's activities abroad can have a strong influence on liberty at home. Negetive impact of militaristic foreign policies. Therefore the liberal school in IR tries to construct ideas based on assumptions that protect individual freedom by limiting and checking the political power. 🔸Ways of institutional check on power In liberal states - 1. Free and fair elections 2. Division of power among different levels of government (system of checks and balances) 🔸Types of liberalism :- Commercial liberalism Republican liberalism Sociological liberalism Neoliberal institutionalism liberalism. Thankyou! Nupur Soni 20/1951

[@Komal_Sharma]

Thank you mam for the lecture. It was really good. Liberalism derived from the Latin word liber which means free. Liberalism is one of the main schools of international relations theory. For middleclass people liberalism stood for freedom for individual and equality before law .Modern liberalism includes issues such as same-sex marriage, reproductive and other women's rights, voting rights for all adult citizens, civil rights, environmental justice and government protection of the right to an adequate standard of living. The main focus of liberalism is to construct institution that protects individuals freedom by limiting and checking political power as the liberals believed that international institution play a key role in cooperation among states. It is considered to be one of the features of modern democracy. Thank You:)

[@AjaySingh-jj2oo]

The lecture is outstanding and have much significance for IR students. It also helpful for UPSC aspirants in great extent. Better explained than other coaching teachers meant for UPSC in Delhi 😁😂😂

[@thelasttraveller1548]

It would have been good if she would have make it short

[@nafeesahmad2973]

This is interesting. The conceptual clarity is outstanding. Watching the lecture from New Delhi.

[@MeghaChatterjee-rf7qk]

Thankyou maam for such an informative and wonderful lectures...it clears everything so beautifully. Thankyou so much for explaining . Liberalism main focus is freedom. In liberal democracy there is free and fair elections, rule of law and protected civil liberties. Liberalism within IR means concept and debate about how institutions behaviours and economic connections contained. Types of liberalism Commercial liberalism Republican liberalism Sociological liberalism Neoliberal Institutionalism liberalism Realism- conflictual side of international reality. Neoliberalism -cooperative side of international reality. Main focus- liberalism is to construct institutions that protect individual freedom by limiting and checking political power. Ways of institutional check on power in liberal state: 1. Free and fair elections 2. division of political power among different branches and level of government. It is persumed by the liberal school that democracies are highly unlikely to go to war with one another. The international institutions organizations and norms of this world order are built on the same foundation as domestic liberal institutions and norms. Power is diluted and disperse internationally than it is within states. Political realism as it views the state as the primary actor. Liberalism/pularism is non state actors as highly important in the international system. Liberalism- concept and debate about how institutions behaviours and economic connections contained. Megha chatterjee 20/0015

[@vibhushijain]

The lecture is very well formed and helpful with our topics and helped me to put a broad perspective for the topic and encourage to learn more about the topic..... There was hardly any dought left after listening to the lecture..... Thank you for lecture

[@APURVA_JAMWAL]

Warm Greetings to everyone. Liberalism is a school of thought within international relations theory which can be thought to revolve around three interrelated principles: Rejection of power politics as the only possible outcome of international relations; it questions security/warfare principles of realism. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but they generally support individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), democracy, secularism, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion and a market economy. Thank you so very much ma'am for the explanatory session.

[@Saloni-wm7yh]

Thanku so much ma'am for this wonderful lecture. Liberalism is about concept and debate as to how institutions certain behavior, economic connections ,the kind of value they contain, the kind of significant they hold for international politics. The kind of important parameters they have to attain corporations of relation among state and above all how they mitigate the violent power of the state because IR always Surround around the notion of state. The realist always portray IR as a domain of power politics. Whereas the liberal perspective try to bring focus into the idea as how to Institute certain amount of behavior, economic connections , how they mitigate the power of the state.

[@kumariarchana3272]

Thankyou so much ma'am for this lecture which helped me in understanding...............................Liberalism is based on the moral argument that ensuring the right of an individual person to life, liberty and property is the highest goal of government. Consequently, liberals emphasise the wellbeing of the individual as the fundamental building block of a just political system. A political system characterised by unchecked power, such as a monarchy or a dictatorship, cannot protect the life and liberty of its citizens. Therefore, the main concern of liberalism is to construct institutions that protect individual freedom by limiting and checking political power. While these are issues of domestic politics, the realm of IR is also important to liberals because a state’s activities abroad can have a strong influence on liberty at home. Liberals are particularly troubled by militaristic foreign policies. The primary concern is that war requires states to build up military power. This power can be used for fighting foreign states, but it can also be used to oppress its own citizens.

[@shruteeshree8025]

Liberalism is a defining feature of modern democracy, illustrated by the prevalence of the term ‘liberal democracy’ as a way to describe countries with free and fair elections, rule of law and protected civil liberties. However, liberalism - when discussed within the realm of IR theory - has evolved into a distinct entity of its own. Liberalism contains a variety of concepts and arguments about how institutions, behaviours and economic connections contain and mitigate the violent power of states. Main focus of liberalism : political doctrine that takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual to be the central problem of politics. Liberals typically believe that government is necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others, but they also recognize that government itself can pose a threat to liberty. Types of liberalism : 1. Commercial 2. Republic 3. Sociological 4.Liberal institutionalism and neo- liberalism. Thank you so much ma'am for such an insightful and excellent lecture. Shrutee shree Roll-20 /0223

[@shrutinegi9517]

Thank you mam for such informative lecture. In the study of IR, neo-liberalism is a school of thought which holds that international cooperation between states is feasible and sustainable, and that such cooperation can reduce conflict and competition. Neoliberalism is the revised version of liberalism. Neoliberalism is contemporarily used to refer to market oriented reform policies such as "eliminating price controls, deregulating capital markets, lowering trade barries" and reducing, especially through privatization and austerity, state influence in the economy.

[@harish.s6237]

Mam you are one of the best teacher. Excellent articulation. Thanks cec. Expecting more lectures.

[@kiranchauhan7929]

Thanks a lot ma'am for such a great lecture 🤗 # Main ideas of liberal thought in IR. • liberalism means freedom of individual. • features of modern democracy. • liberal democracy: free and fair election, rule of law and protected civil liberties. • main focus- liberalism is to construct institutions that protects individual freedom by limiting and checking political power. 🔸what are the ways of institutional check on power in liberal stood: * Free and fair election * Division of political power among different branches and levels of govt - such as parliament/ congress, an executive, and a legal system checks and balances on the use of power. # Democracy: by the people, for the people ,of the people. ◾ Democratic peace theory ~ contribution liberalism makes to IR Theory. ~ democratic States are highly unlikely to go to war with one another. ~ internal restraints in power. ~ democracy tends to see each other as legitimate and unthreatening. ~ capacity for cooperation with each other. ~ but several issues continued to be debated. 🔺Liberal school of IR: • liberalism opposes the main thesis of the IR school of realism. • nature of human society- qualitatively to changes ( supposing in a good way) • society can evolve. * Anarchy for the liberals and neo - liberals can eliminated, pacified and modernized. * The state govt is not the only single institutions responsible for IR * The state and human nature change permanently, improving and developing the growth of freedom, the strength of the democratization process. 🔸 Political Realism - views the state as the primary action. 🔸 Liberalism/ pluralism- non state actors as highly important in the international system. 🔸 Domestic politics should not be ignored- primary emphasis on the action and interest of individuals and groups. 🔸 Domestic states and society relatively contribute the central issue of politics. Liberalism is needed giving a refreshing view of IR other than gesture power conflictual domain it's making us understand that there are new avenues for economics to culture to human resources to knowledge, wherein states can mutually amicably cooperative and gain benefits with each other, there are new concern in IR may human rights, morality, and ethics for international law.

[@varnikasolanki3702]

Thank uh ma'am for explaining liberalism in such a easy manner Liberalism in international relations plays a significant role. It comes from the word liberal meaning free. The way u explained it was easy and understanding and also the lucid language in which you explained. Once again thank uh ma'am☺️

[@ngpoubilahelen9606]

Thank you ma'am for this lecture Very informative and well explained. Well, this lecture gave me broader perspective of Liberalism in international relations and the study of liberalism in the realm of governments and citizens of the state. And that liberalism is basically FREEDOM OF CITIZENS.

[@shivanijaiswal9981]

Thanku ma'am for explaining liberalism in IR in simply and clearly way. Great explanation ma'am

[@aditiprasad580]

Thank you so much mam for such an informative video... This video has cleared almost all doubts related to liberalism in IR .. I am glad I came here

[@poornimagurjar]

It seems very useful for all the students of IR ...... exolaination is great mam .....And the way of study is also Amazing 🌺

[@simranchaudhary876]

Thank u Ma'am for this amazing lecture. It was really useful and informative. The main idea which I understood by this lecture is - Liberalism is an important part of international relations. With the proper institutions and diplomacy, Liberals believe that states can work together to maximize prosperity and minimize conflict. Liberalism is one of the main schools of international relations theory. Liberalism comes from the Latin liber meaning "free", referred originally to the philosophy of freedom. Liberal international relations (IR) theory is related to, but distinct from, the Utopianism of the interwar period. The utopians believed that war could be eliminated either by perfecting man or by perfecting government.

[@namratanamrata1678]

Thank you ma'am it is very helpful .Liberalism main focus is freedom of the individual. Liberalism seem as one of the features of modern democracy .Liberal democracy free and fair elections, rule of law, civil liberties.

[@nitinverma4461]

Your insightful lecture👌🏻👌🏻 has made this topic easier, thanks alot Ma'am!🙏🏻🙏🏻

[@ankitayadav4831]

Thank you so much mam this is really helpful in understanding the concept of liberalism . Liberalism derived from the Latin word liber which means free . For middleclass people liberalism stood for freedom for individual and equality before law .Modern liberalism includes issues such as same-sex marriage, reproductive and other women's rights, voting rights for all adult citizens, civil rights, environmental justice and government protection of the right to an adequate standard of living.

[@rituyadav7164]

Thank you ma'am for sharing this wonderful video✨ The Idealist Approach holds that old, ineffective and harmful modes of behavior i.e., war, use of force and violence should be abandoned in favor of new ways and means as determined by knowledge, reason, compassion and self-restraint. Main Features of Idealism: 1. Human nature is essentially good and capable of good deeds in international relations. 2. Human welfare and advancement of civilization are the concerns of all. 3. Bad human behaviour is the product of bad environment and bad institutions. 4. By reforming the environment, bad human behaviour can be eliminated. 5. War represents the worst feature of relations. 6. By reforming international relations, war can be and should be eliminated. 7. Global efforts are needed to end war, violence and tyranny from international relations. 8. International community should work for eliminating such global instruments, features and practices which lead to war. 9. International institutions committed to preserve international peace, international law and order should be developed for securing peace, prosperity and development.

[@preetygupta7807]

Thank you so much for explaining liberalism in a manner full way. A brief explanation is really helpful. And I like the way that you using PPT for clearification to us.

[@Neha_Gupta2001]

Lecture is simply perfect and explains all the important conecpts in a detailed yet simple manner making it easy to understand .

[@osamakhankakar8004]

Best video on liberalism.....💓

[@monikakujur2234]

Thank you ma'am for the informative lecture on Liberalism in IR . The video was really helpful and easy to understand ,making the concept more clear .

[@simonatyagi3673]

A very informative and simply-put lecture covering Liberalism. Thank you ma'am.

[@Pooja-rd4te]

Thank you very much mam..... It was such an informative lecture... It's really very helpful and easy to understand about LIBERALISM in the context of IR... Great explanation mam👌👌👌👌

[@shrutigehlot5732]

Thank you so much maam for this video. It really enhances my view about liberalism. You are such a great professor. As a teacher you gave us tool to know more about liberalism in international relations.

[@dollysingh2241]

Thank you so much more ma'am for such an amazing video.. it's really very helpful to understand about the liberalism (freedom of individual ) and liberalism within the realm of IR theory and also about realism and liberalism in IR. You makes us understood about the liberalism in IR that the main concern of liberalism is to construct a institutions that protects individual freedom by limiting and checking political power.. Thanks alot...

[@saavisharma895]

Thank you so much ma'am for such an amazing lectur on liberalism in IR. This is very informative and well presentative.you explained everything in simple manner and in detailed. It's very helpful to understand on liberalism. Thank you 😃 mam.

[@srishtirana1141]

You have been a great Professor to me, and I fully enjoyed your lectures, you explained everything in detail and it made it easier for me to understand. Thankyou so much ma'am for explaining it so beautifully nd deliberately. Your vdeo lecture helped me to alot. So thankful!!

[@tanyyachopra]

Ma'am, you were remarkable and you really made it easy to understand the theory. You were very precise and accurate with your lecture. Ma'am loved your lecture.

[@shrutisharma8816]

Ma'am you very well explained the liberalism in International relations, and it's main focus in the realms of government/states and the citizens of the state. And also the realists prospect of liberalism in International relations. There are various debates on this, among them all the main debate is on how to develop a political system that allow states to protect themselves from foreign threats. Liberalism basically talks about the freedom of citizens and states.

[@shivanivats2532]

Thank you ma'am for such an amazing vedio, which help us to understand liberalism in ithe context of international relations... This vedio clears the distinction between liberalism in political theory and liberalism in IR..

[@reemajebisow320]

Thankyou mam for the amazing lecture. You made it more cleared to me to understand about liberalism in IR.

[@architagupta3697]

Thank you soo much Dr. aamna mam🙏❤️ Liberalism has been always a very important topic which you have explained wonderfully ❤️🙏🙏🙏

[@muskankangra3353]

Thank you ma'am for explaining liberalism in international relations in such a simplified manner.The video was really helpful and the lucid language in which you explained liberalism was easy.By seeing your video I could understand liberalism in a broader perspective. Once again thank you Ma'am

[@priyasingh3880]

Ma'am way of explaining is really awesome and it made me help to understand liberalism in a very easier manner........so thanku ma'am 🙏🙏

[@tanyasingh349]

Thanks for sharing your knowledge ma'am.admire the way you deliver lectures.thank you for the great video ma'am..really looking forward for more lectures😊 so thankful

[@vibhushijain]

Thank you for such a simple language and help me with the understanding of topic

[@nishagujran428]

Thank you so much ma'am for giving such a Descriptive Lecture On Liberalism in IR.. It seems very useful for all the students out there in this pandemic time... ☺🙏

[@surbhibhatia2037]

Thank you ma'am. This video about Liberalism in International Relations. Liberalism main meaning is freedom. It means free and fair elections . Every 5 years there are elections . Debate between realist and idealist . Concept of debates. Thank you.

[@ishitasingh7225]

Ma'am the video was really informative and it made things simple and clear. Apart from the classes everyday these videos make things really very sorted and better. You just make the topic easier and simple to understand.. Thankkyou so much for all the great lectures so far. Hoping for more videos ma'am. Thanks a lot.

[@estherh.m8150]

Thank you ma'am for an amazing lecture very well presented on liberalism in IR. I enjoyed every minute of ur lecture, you made it in simple and in detailed manner and was very engaging which has helped me in better understanding on liberalism as the main schools of IR theory as well as its importance and the key role in cooperation among states and also the difference between realism and liberalism in IR.

[@anjalichhikara8834]

Ma'am lecture is very good and informative. It really enhance my thinking on Liberalism in IR . Thank u very much ma'am 🙏☺️

[@mohamadayoubmir6307]

I am thankful.for shading light on political science.

[@srishtymahthan1894]

Thanku so much ma'am for such an amazing video on understanding Liberalism.... It really gives us a glimpse on IR and liberalism. Moreover, it also shares liberal perspectives which is of great importance.

[@chetnasingh8422]

Mam your lectures are really helpful for me, you explained every topic so simply and beautifully i am glad to have a professor like you, you really make every topic so interesting.Your this lecture on liberalism really helps me to understand liberalism and its importance in the context of International relations.... Thank u so much mam for this useful lecture.😊😊

[@shahingaur8926]

A very informative and simple lecture .thank you mam

[@ashikamimroth1402]

Thank you so much ma'am for such an amazing lecture in liberalism in IR. It was really useful and informative. You just make the topic easier and simple to understand.

[@anjaliantil5639]

Thank u so much mam for such a great explanation on liberalism. Mam u emphasize on the things which are important so it make clear for all to understand. You explain everything in a articulate manner which makes your lectures more interesting 🥰🥰

[@nehaaggarwal7460]

Incredibly informative and well put. Thank you ma'am for explaining concepts in lucid language!! This will definitely help me in thinking about liberalism with a broader perspective. Looking forward for more videos in future.

[@komalmishra6407]

Thank you Ma'am for this lecture. It seems very useful for all students out there in the pandemic time . The video was really helpful and esay to understand, making the concept more clear .

[@praptisharma5908]

Such an informative Lecture. Every time you come up with new and easy way of teaching us! . The explanation and the points that you have presented helps us for a complete understanding plus in making notes too. Thanks for such an amazing and interesting lecture ma'am. Hope to see more vedio lectures like these ☝.

[@puniapreeti9092]

🔸️ Liberal IR theory is related to, but distinct from utopianism of the interwar period. The utopians believed that war could be eliminated either by perfecting man or by perfecting govt. 🔹️ The roots to modern liberal IR theory can be traced back farther than utopianism to IMMANUEL KANT'S essay " TO PERPETUAL PEACE" . In essay Kant provided three " definitive conditions " for perpetual peace :- ▫️Neoliberal institutionalism : emphasizes importance of international institutions in maintaining peace. ▫️Commercial liberalism : emphasize importance of economic interdependence and free trade in maintaining peace. 🔸️The key concepts found in liberal theory are absolute gains , international institutions, free trade, and democracy. 🔹️International law is also important in liberal theory as it is seen as forming a major constraint on state behavior. Basically it is a western focused theory . Overall it was a very interesting lecture . Thank you ma'am for your kind support.

[@radhikagoyal8791]

Thank you ma'am for such an informative lecture. The points you explained were very easy to understand. The lecture made me think different about how I approach the subject International Relations. Ma'am really looking forward for more lectures..

[@shalini7268]

𝗟𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗺 is a defining feature of modern democracy, illustrated by the prevalence of the term ‘𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗰𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘆’ as a way to describe countries with free and fair elections, rule of law and protecting civil liberties. However, liberalism - when discussed within the realm of 𝗜𝗥 theory - has evolved into a distinct entity of its own. Liberalism contains a variety of 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘀 and 𝗮𝗿𝗴𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 about how institutions, behaviours and economic connections contain and mitigate the violent power of states. When compared to realism, it adds more factors into our field of view - especially consideration of citizens and international organisations. Most notably, liberalism has been the traditional foil of realism in IR theory as it offers a more 𝗼𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄, grounded in a different reading of history to that found in realist scholarship. Liberalism is based on the moral argument that ensuring the 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗱𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲, 𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘆 is the highest goal of government. Consequently, liberals emphasise the wellbeing of the individual as the fundamental building block of a just political system. A political system characterised by unchecked power, such as a monarchy or a dictatorship, cannot protect the life and liberty of its citizens. Therefore, the main concern of liberalism is to 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 that 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗱𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗼𝗺 by limiting and checking political power. While these are issues of domestic politics, the realm of IR is also important to liberals because a state’s activities abroad can have a strong influence on liberty at home. Liberals are particularly troubled by militaristic foreign policies. The primary concern is that war requires states to build up military power. This power can be used for fighting foreign states, but it can also be used to oppress its citizens. For this reason, political systems rooted in liberalism often limit military power by such means as ensuring civilian control over the military.

[@mdhasnain8603]

Very helpful for students to understand the politics

[@hanwantsingh5395]

The lecture was very lucid. Thank you so much.

[@ChanchalaKumari-tz8lb]

Liberals think that international institutions play an important role in inter-state cooperation. Liberals believe that with the right institutions and diplomacy, states can work together to achieve prosperity while minimising war. Thank you ma'am for such an informative video ❤️❤️

[@mkm5678]

kindly make more videos of IR from this faculty . thanks

[@mohamadayoubmir6307]

Nice voice. wow clear voice

[@sonakshisaroha2168]

Thank you ma'am 🌸 For making learning so easy and intresting 🙏🏻

[@bhoomiyadav9055]

Liberalism focusses on the idea of freedom equality of income , redistribution of wealth etc. Liberalism is a process that signifies safeguarding liberty of the individual, rule of law , protection of civil liberties . Liberalism believes that individuals and states are capable of co - operating despite anarchy .Types of Liberalism:- (i) Commercial Liberalism (ii) Republican Liberalism (iii) Sociological Liberalism (iv) Liberalism institutionalism or neo - liberal institutionalism

[@Shivali-gh2wu]

Neo - liberalism is contemporarily used to refer to market oriented reform policies such as eliminating price controls, deregulating capital markets, lowering trade barriers and reducing, especially through privatization and austerity, state influence in the economy. In the state of International relations, neo- liberalism is a school of thought which holds that's International cooperation between states is feasible and sustainable, and that such cooperation can reduce conflict and competition.

[@sonalisangwan144]

Main ideas of neo liberalism in IR:- •Neoliberalism is an economic philosophy that conceptually describes a move towards free markets, capitalism, and a diversion from government ownership. •The typical policies associated with neoliberalism include free trade, globalization, privatization, and changes in government spending to stimulate the private sector. Characteristics of Neo Libralism:- 1. Privatisation 2. Deregulation 3. Free trade 4. Reducing public expenditure 5. Elimination of the public good

[@OffffBeat]

The main focus of liberalism is to construct institution that protects individuals freedom by limiting and checking political power as the liberals believed that international institution play a key role in cooperation among states.It is considered to be one of the features of modern democracy.

[@yashvisingh4991]

Thankyou ma'am for this lecture this is very informative and easy to understand Liberals believe that international institutions play a key role in cooperation among states via interdependence. ... States interact in various ways, through economic, financial, and cultural means; security tends to not be the primary goal in state-to-state interactions; and military forces are not typically used.Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but they generally support individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), democracy, secularism, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion and a market economy. Yashvi singh 534

[@biologywithmaria6868]

Great !

[@Vaishnavii]

Liberalism In International Relations : * liberalism has always obtained a special importance in IR . Liberalism’s main focus is freedom , i.e freedom of individuals. Liberal democracy:- -Right of an individual person to life , liberty and property is the highest goal of government. - Unchecked power , such as a monarchy or a dictatorship cannot protect the life and liberty of its citizens. - Main focus : liberalism is to construct institutions that protect individual freedom by limiting and checking political power . # Institutional check on power in liberal states : 1. Free and fair elections 2. Division of political power among different branches and levels of government such as a parliament / congress , an executive and a legal system - checks and balances in the use of power. # Democratic peace theory : - contribution liberalism makes to IR theory . - Democratic states are highly unlikely to go to war with one another. - Internal restrains on power - Democracies tend to see each other as legitimate and unthreatening - Capacity for cooperation with each other . # Differences : 1. Opposes the main thesis of the IR school of realism. 2. Nature of human society- qualitatively to changes . 3. Society can evolve . # Regionalism & International organisations : - focus on regional and international organisations. - States can indeed cooperate by themselves. - Anarchy is mitigated by regimes and institutional cooperation. - Brings higher levels of regularity and predictability to international relations. - Regimes constrain State behaviour by formalising the expectations. # Robert Keohane (2012) has argued that : - Liberalism has indeed led to a shift in international relations. - Fast rise in human rights documents in recent decades . - Emphasis on moralism by states in the international system. * Realism is a symbol of brightness and optimism. It has faith in modernity which projects a new and better life , free of authoritarian government and with a higher level of material welfare . * To sum up, liberalism has emerged in modern times with establishment of progressive, rational constitutional states , promoting internally rights and property of people and working externally to establish perpetual peace through international law and mutual cooperation.

[@khushboodahiya]

Liberalism is a school of thought within international relations theory which can be thought to revolve around three interrelated principles:🔺️Rejection of power politics as the only possible outcome of international relations; it questions security/warfare principles of realism. 🔺️It implements international organizations and nongovernmental actors for shaping state preferences and policy choices. 🔺️It accentuates mutual benefits and international cooperation. 🔺️International institutions, such as the United Nations, who provide a forum to resolve disputes in a non-violent way. 🔺️International trade because when countries' economies are interconnected through trade they are less likely to go to war with each other. 🔺️Spread of democracy as well-established democracies do not go to war with one another, so if there are more democracies, interstate war will be less frequent. 🔺️Liberals believe that international institutions play a key role in cooperation among states.[2] With the correct international institutions, and increasing interdependence (including economic and cultural exchanges) states have the opportunity to reduce conflict. 🔺️Interdependence has three main components. States interact in various ways, through economic, financial, and cultural means; security tends to not be the primary goal in state-to-state interactions; and military forces are not typically used. 🔺️Liberals also argue that international diplomacy can be a very effective way to get states to interact with each other honestly and support nonviolent solutions to problems. 🔺️With the proper institutions and diplomacy, Liberals believe that states can work together to maximize prosperity and minimize conflict. Institutional peace theory, which attempts to demonstrate how cooperation can be sustained in anarchy, how long-term interests can be pursued over short-term interests, and how actors may realize absolute gains instead of seeking relative gains; 🔺️The commercial peace theory, arguing that free trade has pacifying effects on international relations. Current explorations of globalization and interdependence are a broader continuation of this line of inquiry. 🔺️The democratic peace theory, and, more broadly, the effect of domestic political regime types and domestic politics on international relations. 🔺️The role, or potential role, of cosmopolitanism in transcending the state and affecting international relations.

[@ManishaSharma-zk5sk]

Plz Hindi m ni lecture provide ho skte

[@mkm5678]

I meant Dr.Amna Mirza

[@aryanroy76]

Thanks a lot !!!

[@afaqahmad1787]

Thanks Maam, From pakistan,

[@milan8131]

👍👍👍

[@storiesandknowlegeforall]

thanku ma'am

[@nishantkumarshivama1117]

It's leads to anarchy

[@manishasharma2357]

Plzzz mm aapp bhot pdati h lekin plz is video ko hindi me daliye

[@wrestlinglover8104]

I love you madam 💖

[@Rohit.Pandey.1981]

भारत में करोड़ों व्यक्ति केवल हिन्दी भाषी है, कृपया उनके बारे में भी सोचें. शैक्षणिक वीडियो मातृभाषा हिन्दी में भी बनाएं

[@shijaomary9661]

Interested,Madam you have made my academic strugle more simple ! I'm extremly excited with your lectures one day i will vist your country with respect of your contribution in my life .