Life In Paleolithic Europe (35,000 Years Ago)

[@StefanMilo]

DNA Interview: kzbin.info/www/bejne/rGnXfYOOisqAqsU So many people to thank in this video (remember any mistakes are mine alone, nothing to do with anyone else)! First and foremost, thanks to my patrons! You're the real lion men/women. www.patreon.com/stefanmilo Thanks to Dr. James Dilley for his insight into prehistoric tools: Get his awesome accurate tools here! www.ancientcraft.co.uk His KZbin: kzbin.info Thanks to Dr. Cosimo Post for agreeing to be interviewed about ancient DNA. Watch that here! kzbin.info/www/bejne/rGnXfYOOisqAqsU Thanks to The Histocrat for recording the quotes for me: kzbin.info/door/SwFnHpDt-lZgR_7Sqisi6A Thanks to Barris for the French transaltions (don't blame him for ziti and zezette though): kzbin.infofeatured Thanks to you for watching! Full list of sources can be found here *(anyone can view it, not only patrons): www.patreon.com/posts/43024519

[@wicketandfriendsparody8068]

I think there’s still morbidly obese beasts roaming Europe and spread to America. :)

[@wicketandfriendsparody8068]

There may have been a giant war with Neanderthal and they didn’t have time to manufacture stone tips?¿ Especially when semi automatic spears involved:/

[@wicketandfriendsparody8068]

Ps on the map wasn’t the Black Sea land then mostly?

[@wicketandfriendsparody8068]

Somebody assumed the lionman’s gender:/

[@aatypzbt6258]

Please don't be mad at me but "Partie 1: arrivé" translates as "Partie 1: arrived". Is that what you meant to say? Or did you mean "arrival", then it would translate as "L'arrivée".

[@coreywiley3981]

Imagine that! One can take a 15,000 year chunk of time out of human history where people were doing a lot of the same things. Like imagine visiting Europe in 30,000 BCE, people who had been in Europe for 10-15,000 years already, and then time traveling ahead from that point 15,000 years to the future and it would still be hunter gatherers oblivious to the 30,000 year history behind them, and there'd still be an 11,000 year wait just to get to Otsi, and 17,000 year wait still ahead just to get to Augustus Caesar! When I think of the year 1000 AD it seems like such an incredibly long time ago when things were archaic and so much different, and yet when we discus Aurignacians, Gravettians, Magdalenians etc.. we are talking about tens of thousands of years and so many individual lives and generations of people! I can't believe how long that is in human terms, and yet it is just a fraction of a blink in geologic terms!

[@fudgedogbannana]

Its all in the climate. In an ice age farming would have been very limited, so what are you left with? hunting and gathering. Notice what happens when climate stabilizes about 9,500 years ago, humans start to farm on a large scale. Now many humans are free to do many things and thus the beginning of civilization.

[@covenawhite4855]

Stone tools got better over time though.

[@charsback]

@@fudgedogbannana By 2030 U will be a slave again...

[@chasecharland1160]

Perhaps your aware that there are more ppl alive now then have ever existed previously combined. That is, back 40,000 years ago, there were not so many individuals after all! Imagine the stories, how important even a single life could be! A mother who successfully raised several children, a hunter who saved his tribe during a bad winter, a leader who steered his ppl from disaster such as disease or weather change. Any one of they ppl could have inadvertently saved the human race thousands of years of experience or maybe even saved our species as a whole! Now I go to Walmart and am pretty sure I will never have such a power impact on our world lol maybe even none of us today ever will again.

[@coreywiley3981]

@Sf Ski You are right. There is no solid evidence to ascertain with absolute certainty whether they did or did not know of the history of humanity or from where their ancestors originated, or the geological history of their environment, but given that we in the 21st century with all of our archeology, science, writing and literature still have barely scratched the surface of the mystery of many things from even the relatively recent past (say past few millennia) it's a safe guess that aside from legends and some passed down memories and stories from recent generations, probably most paleolithic people had no idea what had gone on beyond a few hundred years in the past if even that. I admit I could be wrong, but I'm going to assume that aside from greatly distorted and fantastic legends or myths, most Magdalenians from 12,000 BP were clueless about Magdalenians from 13,000 BP, much less Magdalenians from 17,000 BP, and much much less about any Gravettians or Aurignacians who were much farther separated in time than we are from events that occurred ancient Egypt.

[@matuvarela3760]

Is amazing how they draw. As an amateur artist I've always been shocked by this drawings. Is incredible, if you look comic book history it took a few decades to start showing movement in one image overlaping the sequence of movement (sorry for my english). I mean when the flash run in the 40s theres just one drawing of the guy running with a few lines indicating movement, in the 60s when the flash run you can see like 6 guys in the same image indicating movement in the same image. But you have that revolutionary art strategy made 30.000 years ago by people who lived in caves! is incredible!! Also the gesture of the animals, gesture in art is like make something alive, is something basic in animation, showing movement and life with a few lines. And this people from the stone age were making it better than the artist of the middle ages. It blows my mind, they should have replics of their paintings in every art gallery.

[@pipadoepa]

Yup their art is truly incredible, it seems the artists who made them must've been very talented. I wonder if they had anything to erase with, what if they messed up?

[@rclaws1347]

I live in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina and have been a traditional bowhunter of whitetailed deer since my youth. I have also made a few bows and arrows and am interested in information on that as well as other areas of pre-industrial life. As an old man now with physical problems I am no longer able to walk the mountains or even go on a simple hunt so I spend much of my time reading and watching videos about the things I love. I find this video informative and extremely interesting and if you have more videos I intend to watch them also. Thank you for a well done piece of work.

[@StonedtotheBones13]

If you've not looked at them, Dr Dilley has some videos on how hunting may have gone. Most especially making ancient weapons & tools

[@johnl5316]

an ancestor of mine was born around Asheville in the 1700's. Beautiful area

[@johndicus123]

@@johnl5316 I've got fambly in Asheville. Some of them been there for centuries!

[@johndicus123]

@@cordeliaadams4898 You don't need to have someone else hurt and kill animals for you to buy at the supermarket. You can eat beans and rice. And places that don't fence are best as the deer and animals can have beans and rice also! Everyone wins that way.

[@rclaws1347]

@@cordeliaadams4898 Men have been hunting far longer than they have been growing crops or tending livestock. Anyone who goes to the trouble to build a bow and arrow then take it hunting to try and get something tasty for his/her family to eat is engaging in the most basic activity known to man. There are many kinds of hunters as well as game to hunt and tools to hunt with; all legal hunting is a challenge and it stirs something in us that was bred into our makeup at least tens of thousands of years ago. To deny that is about the same as denying life. By the way you explain it we live in a society where we can hire an assassin to kill our meat for us, but I confer upon you that the animals we kill by hunting go through far less trauma than the ones grown in a feed lot then trucked to a slaughter house. I suspect you live in a world where everything a man finds pleasure in that you don't understand should be stopped and therein lies the rub. You don't understand so it must be bad. Just like a cougar taking down an elk or a bobcat catching a squirrel man is a part of the food chain; we don't have the physical traits of the cougar, but we're more intelligent, we can make tools. I wish I was younger and able to stalk the hollows and ridges again, I wish I could take you hunting and familiarize you with a world you've only heard of. You would learn that it's nothing like you expected and depending on your tolerance of nature I think your life would be more contented afterward.

[@PapaOystein]

In 2005, a friend and I happened to drive by the Niaux cave in Southern France and spontaneously decided to go inside on a guided tour. The cave paintings there are a mere 13,000 years old, 1/3 the age of the Aurignacian and thus belong to the Magdalenian. They had a similar climate, but depict a somewhat different fauna (plenty of bison, no lion). Anyway: Going there unprepared, it was one of the most profound experiences of my life: At once, you feel an immediate kinship to these artists - and yet their meaning, their intentions and aspirations, remain shrouded behind layers of the darkest, unpenetrable mystery, for we share not a single verifiable symbol with them.

[@iantrousdell8151]

2015 - I did the same thing, same caves. It was also a deeply moving experience to glimpse the intimacy they must have had with nature, in their feelings and observations... So far inside the cave! With oil lamps.... mind boggling

[@albertgaspa1670]

Someday, someone will discover that magdaleninas where the first basques, that's my bet

[@JMDinOKC]

Impenetrable, not unpenetrable.

[@Jack.A.S]

Dots, circles, crosses, handprints, swirls, stickmen, serpentiform, zigzags, asterisks, crosshatches, etc., etc.

[@dingusdingus2152]

The guys who made the cave images were not artists. They were statisticians keeping records of winners of championship tournaments between sports teams. A sort of prehistoric football league. The images found inside the caves are logos, emblems of respective teams (the colts, the broncos, the lions, etc.)

[@jforozco12]

this channel is great man! you manage to make it entertaining and humorous at the same time. thanks for the great content.

[@VoicesofthePast]

Double video party, great to see

[@colbyferro8617]

I was recommended Stephan's channel after I listened to a bunch of you videos V.O.P. Both of your channels are awesome, thanks!

[@OzzyMandias]

I love your scientific approach, 'Bloody Cold' is an accurate description of the Ice Age!

[@misanthropicservitorofmars2116]

Scientifically accurate descriptions

[@swirvinbirds1971]

That is an English measurement...🤣

[@harunmusa8693]

I'd die... 😭

[@UnleashedTraining101]

And in the summer the correct term is “hot as balls”

[@mikearmstrong8483]

Yeeaaahhhh........I'm gonna go out on a limb and guess that the reason it is called the Ice Age is because of ALL THE ICE! There is probably some pretty sound logic as to why it isn't called the Bikini Age or the Sitting In A Comfy Chair With A Warm Brandy Age.

[@jwvandegronden]

This is why I love KZbin so much! This is by far better than any tv program, personally invested KZbinrs following their individual interests, yet being able to create such professional content it is breathtaking to watch! And most explicitly I like long form, which creates a window for us to accompany you on a deep dive on the subject. Don’t get me wrong, I don’t for a second assume an episode like this is a breeze to create, I have tried on a blue moon to make an episode on one of my personal interests but I drowned in the quicksand of editing tools... So this long form is absolutely highly appreciated! Thank you so much!! Of course subscribed, and liked, the latter simply to accommodate you in the YT algorithms, fighting my subversive side. Your gains in this as a producer outway my passive consumptional ethics ;-)

[@redstarling5171]

A program made with passion over profit, I agree 👍

[@ChrisVillagomez]

Probably my favorite thing about such beautiful cave paintings is the theory that the many depictions of multiple of the same animals' heads or whole bodies next to each other could have been so that when the flickering lights from things like campfires and basic torches flashed over them, it almost appeared like they were moving, probably the earliest form of drawn animation if that's true

[@yvonneandreassen-vo3dt]

the cave drawings are septically correct - anybody who draws knows how difficult it is to capture correctly...they were brilliant artists....

[@stirlingmoss9637]

@@yvonneandreassen-vo3dt indeed, and probably women

[@dingusdingus2152]

The cave images were logos of mascots of sports teams. There was a prehistoric football league. They were kept by local team statisticians who preserved records of tournament champions. They had nothing to do with religious rituals or hunting. Many of them are palimpsests, indicating practice by apprentices. None of the caves were used for human habitations. Almost none of the images depict human figures, and of these, none appear to be hunting.

[@dingusdingus2152]

The guys who made the cave images (most of them were paintings, but some are charcoal drawings or engraved in the stone) were not artists.

[@unavailablehandles]

@@dingusdingus2152??

[@moistmike4150]

This channel is interesting, educational, inspiring, thought-provoking and beyond charming! I pray you keep on with your amazing vids Stefan!! (I'm sub'd now too!)

[@MrAndymcginn]

"Life isn't all Reindeer Burgers and Flute Solos". I'll be sharing that one with my tearful grandkids for sure, mate.

[@ESL-O.G.]

reindeer tastes better than cow

[@backwashjoe7864]

That needs to be on a throw pillow!

[@suzbone]

As a carnivorous floutist that line gave me a sad

[@theoli8407]

just two very intelligent blokes having a friendly chat about shafts

[@miketacos9034]

And comparing their hardness.

[@lisarochwarg4707]

Only the tip counted.

[@Kainis80]

It's really effective at 20 cm (8 inches) though.

[@eduardobone8857]

Be careful not to get stuck

[@yousefp3591]

.. And one of them is a bushcraft master 🤔 how very 1970s of him

[@zebdawson3687]

That interview was so insightful, tons of quality information. This channel is definitely underrated for the level of quality throughout!

[@citizenschallengeYT]

3:30 Key phrase: "Conclusions based on the evidence at hand." - It's an evolving story ;-) Keep up the good work Milo!

[@jamesmeister3423]

Fantastic! Thank you from Jim in Maryland!!! First time commenting but I've watched your vids so MANY times...all of them but this is one of the tops! Listen to them while I garden, wash dishes, fold clothes, etc. to take in as much as I can...then start it all over again during my next chore :) I've been craving to learn about this exact timeframe so again, thank you! Cheers!!!

[@Alex_Plante]

I live in Quebec, and the Aurignacians remind me a bit of the Northern Cree and Inuit, who also traditionally lived off of hunting caribou. Caribou are essentially the North American version of reindeer. They live in huge herds, unlike the other Cervidae of Canada (deer, moose and wapiti). The thing about caribou, is that their population fluctuates wildly. They can experience rapid population increase for many years, then their population levels will crash. For example, the population of the George River herd in Northern Quebec grew from 3,500 in 1958 to 775,00 in 1993, then declined down to 5,800 by 2018, but their population has begun to increase since then. This is typical of many northern species, and is a result of the simplicity of the ecology. I expect the Aurignacians would have experienced the same thing in Ice-Age Europe.

[@FromaTwistedMind]

2 drinks!

[@doublejazz]

indeed caribou and reindeer are of the same species it's just a different regional name

[@moocyfarus8549]

@@doublejazz yes and no being in the Arctic and overhearing the hunters you will come to know there is a difference between caribou and reindeer the reindeer are ever so slightly smaller. Also in the northern Yukon they can legally hunt one but not the other and they routinely know if they catch the wrong one and they laugh and feed it to the dogs again you don't get these things and Google or on the Internet you have to actually travel to the end of the world and live to see these things

[@doublejazz]

@@moocyfarus8549 yes there are many different subspecies across asia europe and canada they're not all exactly the same but they're still considered the same species.

[@fitzbarbel]

No diff mate, the Simi herd them in the far North of Europe.

[@marvinbecker388]

I teared up when you played the song at the end, magnificient.

[@afz902k]

A beautiful rendition of the Spanish song "Martinillo"

[@edi3162]

@@afz902k It is Frère Jacques, french song

[@afz902k]

@@edi3162 it is of French origin, but exists in many languages. Frere Jacques in French, Martinillo in Spanish, Bruder Jakob in German, Brother John in English, and so on

[@edi3162]

@@afz902k" Bratec Martin" in croatian, still french song, not spanish, " Martinilo" or whatever is just spanish version of a FRENCH song, OK?

[@davidec.4021]

We have it in Italian too! Fra Martino is called

[@aguy559]

I was in Europe during that era, and I’d have to say, this is pretty accurate. 👍🏻

[@tomfu6210]

You were backpacking through western Europe?

[@aguy559]

@@tomfu6210 35,000 years ago.

[@robertpearson8798]

@@aguy559 Thank you Keith Richards.

[@adolfshitler]

Did they have Tofu back then? Must of been hell with out!

[@LapasLamp]

Plot twist: this guy is a time traveler and actually went to Europe during that era

[@ParallelPenguins]

The bears in those cave paintings are AMAZING!!! They practised that art. I wonder how they practised. Are there thousands of cave paintings we haven't found? Are there thousands that just wore off over time and have been lost? Did they maybe draw on birchbark? Or in sand and dirt with a stick? There is line weight and shading showing form and shape. It's so beautiful. It's spectacular. I love this idea that hundreds of thousands of years ago humans were doodling somehow just like we do today, only we don't have much trace of it left, and that bit is sad.

[@rakino4418]

Absolutely they practicised. It would be silly for us to assume that caves (the only place sheltered from the weather enough tp preserve their art) was coincidentally the only place they painted. Just like tools - we mostly only find stone tools preserved because ... wood tools rotted away rapidly.

[@jabezcreed]

The fallacy is that we assume they were dumb or unartistic. These people had technology and creativity, and they depicted their world the same as we do. The only difference is their art was frozen in time when the cave entrances became submerged or collapsed. If our computers lost power, all the digital art world be lost to time. The paper and film would deteriorate. The books would crumble. The canvas would crumble. Imagine a complex society painting on skins, wood, pulped materials like paper? Only their rock and bone carvings might survive.

[@Petticca]

@jabezcreed The fact that those charcoal drawings are _so_ impressive suggests to me the possibility of er, 'artists' for want of a better term. I don't mean like today where someone can be a full time artist, I mean given the very high level of artistry required, I'm suggesting that some _kind_ of focused teaching perhaps was happening at this stage in our history. It really takes a lot of practice and study to learn how to capture form correctly, and it's not as though they had videos and books to aid them. Given the quality of those drawings it seems to me infinitely more plausible that particularly gifted individuals may have been tutored in some way, rather than these drawings were something pretty much everyone could nail. Though obviously my incredulity about that doesn't mean that it's not _possible_ that the people were just amazeballs artists throughout the population, I just believe that to be less plausible.

[@jabezcreed]

@@Petticca I generally agree. My point was that I can't draw stick figures to save my life, but those who are trained and have the vision can paint masterworks. As you point out, it would have required very specialized individuals to have the time and talent to be the artists in their community. It is a wonder to behold.

[@otrot1601]

Loved your video mate!

[@HistoryTime]

OH HELLO

[@StefanMilo]

Why hello

[@rodrigochiberioseixas193]

@@StefanMilo Why not?

[@daithioceallaigh7088]

Ooooh!!! Please make history babies !

[@RobertsAdra]

"OH HELLO DR DAILLEY" Here, I finished your thought for you. LOL

[@factstrumpprejudice6740]

Absolutely superb, fact filled and informative, well constructed without overbearing music or verbose time filling. Well presented by scholarly, well spoken educator. Can't thank you enough, a real gem.

[@blessedveteran]

It wasn't awful, you did a great job! Thank you for not only doing it, but also deciding to keep it in the video!!

[@aidanisan]

Thanks Stefan I love the little humour you bring to the video makes it all the more enjoyable

[@bobbob5255]

I'm always so amazed at how professional your videos look and how well they are edited!

[@steefant]

you forgot to mention the amazing outro music. :D

[@josem.deteresa2282]

Well researched too, it seems to me. I hope you're studying for a PhD, Stefan, and you're a fantastic communicator too.

[@azzking9305]

If only he didn’t specialise in european history he would get a whole lot more attention

[@bneskylights1152]

"Life ain't all reindeer burgers and flute solos" I'm stealing that.

[@richicecold]

Awesome video! Especially the relationship of the Aurignacians with lions was a real eye opener; Europe as a freezing Serengeti, interesting stuff!

[@antivalidisme5669]

Best "Frère Jacques" vibe ever- well let's say my blue-fronted amazon seems to love it!- Take care Stefan, superbe vidéo!

[@Domestikos88]

You are truly gifted at teaching this subject matter in layman terms. Thank you

[@Ivftinianvs]

I once played an Irish whistle almost identical to yours in the Vienna bahnhof. I was playing Scottish bagpipe tunes, but a Bosnian in a window on one of the trains headed toward Bosnia got all excited and started clapping and crying at the music. This was 1995 and he may have been emotional due to the conflict his land at the time.

[@voskreglavincevska3651]

He was more upset , because of the tunes ! We in the Balcans have similar pipe music like Scottish !

[@myhandlehasbeenmishandled]

As a Bosnian I got admit it's amazing what Irish and Scottish did with their instruments. I love your music. The fact is put traditional instruments in hands of traditional musicians from Balkans and it would make me jab screwdrivers in my ears. In most places, not all but most, of Western Balkans pre-islamic music made outside of more populated areas is little more then crying and wailing. It just sounds like they are dying. Search for gusle music and you'll see.

[@Jacob-yg7lz]

"No ritual (symbol) lasts 15000 years" *Sad Venus figurine noises*

[@SatumainenOlento]

Love for women is eternal!

[@gregorymalchuk272]

I think there are some really ancient penis carvings too.

[@garret1930]

@@gregorymalchuk272 how are we so sure they were just carvings?

[@SatumainenOlento]

@@gregorymalchuk272 So true! 😊

[@SatumainenOlento]

@@garret1930 I would bet that there was some amazing "ritual" uses for those 😊

[@williamkeith8944]

Interesting video with thought provoking theses. As an American with archeological experience in the Great Plains, I find the information on split points interesting. Reusing spears due to lack of wood resources is clever. The variations in jewelry practices by different bands of people is another research area that is promising and notable in American archeology of identifying various early cultures.

[@marceloorellana5726]

You are a European born in America. You aren't American. You are US citizen not a Indigenous Aboriginal Native American.

[@MyroslavOhorodnyk]

Thank You for the video. I learned a lot from it! Also your content influenced my view of our history a great deal!

[@lepajolecnicolas5291]

I just discovered your channel and I love it, thanks for all the efforts you clearly put into these

[@Metal0sopher]

Based on the growing information I think this perception of "expansion" or "waves" of people moving into Europe, or out of Africa, is not really accurate, and more of perceptual illusion due to the slow discovery of evidence. We only find a bone here and one there and it gives the impression of a migration in that time only. What's more realistic, I think, is that the movements were continuous with occasional ebbs and flows determined by the changing landscape due to weather. And I doubt it was a "movement", more likely a generational spread rather than migration. Each generation had a territory and as the tribe grew it would split and the newer generations had to move outward to seek their own territory. Not that different than the way we behave today. We are very territorial creatures. Every generation would have moved further north during mild climate events, and back south, during glaciation events. Some groups could have been isolated by either land features, or climate again, and developed some extreme differences to other populations or new genetic markers, than when opportunities to move opened up they would re-mix with the older populations their ancestors had left. Or out populate them if their new changes gave them an advantage. At least that's the impression I'm getting as information grows, that this idea, of a "distinguishable out of Africa" movements is not accurate. The flow seems to me continuous and it is rather the absence of evidence that makes it seem like there are gaps between moments both out of Africa and into Europe and also Asia. And that absence is slowly being filled in with every new discovery.

[@kchuk1965]

Yes great comment. Out of Africa is a punchy narrative. Just like the story about one group of people coming over the Bering land bridge. No real data to back that up. And the more we learn the more complicated it gets as you would expect.

[@chasecharland1160]

I agree except I would add that many populations would have died off as well, smaller groups, a bad winter or a trend of disease could decimate a population easily, therefore I do see it as waves, or ebbs and flow as you put it, populations expanding and shrinking expanding and shrinking, along with the animals the terrain the weather, the health and who knows what else.

[@dirksharp9876]

@@kchuk1965 There is strong evidence for both Out of Africa and the ancestors of Native Americans crossing from present day Russia into North America. The finds like the Kennewick man have proven to be basal to all Native Americans. The first Eurasian was a descendant of Africans and we know this because all modern paternal and maternal haplogroups are related to and descended from basal African ancestors. With Out of Africa, it was more of a time frame issue. Not too long ago even academic sources were claiming 35K-40K years ago was the point of people leaving Africa and going directly into Greece or other parts of Europe, which couldn't be further from the truth. The Aurignacian culture, one of the most fascinating in human history (all Europeans carry some of their genes too) was kicking off around 46K years ago at the latest (as stated in the video). Imo the current estimates may even be too recent, and they are saying 200,000 years now. There are skull fragments of non-Neanderthal, likely homosapien found in places like Greece that are older than that, also mentioned in the video I think. Some homosapien remains have been found in North Africa over 300,000 years ago.

[@kchuk1965]

@@dirksharp9876 ah yes I don’t dispute that. It’s just that with limited information these too neat narratives are put in place. “One band of intrepid explorers crossed the Bering land bridge”

[@dirksharp9876]

@@kchuk1965 That's completely reasonable, I don't care for people in the media especially trying to form narratives out of their rationalizations of prehistory either. So often they are trying to re-construct an event or a people with just a fragment of information, which is beyond absurd.

[@Acehamster]

My cat growled when you “played” Frère Jacques. Great video as always

[@delishme2]

🤣🤣

[@TheHistocrat]

Waiting for the inevitable spin off channel thats just flute covers of Metallica

[@StefanMilo]

Have you been reading my emails?

[@angelwings1979]

Bardcore is a thing!

[@kirstenwhitworth8079]

Metallica? How about Tool? (But only 44 + 2, not 46 + 2)

[@frankschuler2867]

“Bad to the Bone” would seem a fitting tune...

[@jimsmint]

@@frankschuler2867 lol

[@philomenahearn1717]

James Dilley is a good example of how and why practical demonstrations of the tools etc are so vital.

[@darko714]

The tent peg explanation of it the “batons” appeals to me. Shelter is THE most basic necessity, and a nomadic hunting clan would likely live in portable shelters. I’ve done extreme camping in winter, and if you want a tent, you need lots of them. Besides, they LOOK like tent pegs.

[@OldieBugger]

Why did the Aurignacian people eat reindeer so much? If you ever tasted it, you'd know! It's fantastically tasty. And nowadays here in Finland, quite expensive. EDIT: Ok ok, the availability may have had something to do with it as well. Like eating horses further to the east. (Horse meat is a delicacy as well, if you didn't know.)

[@wicketandfriendsparody8068]

The equestrian diet...

[@wicketandfriendsparody8068]

I’m soooo hungry I could eat the crotch out of a dead horse right now :P yuB nub AF ;)

[@danieldaak3082]

@@wicketandfriendsparody8068 Very funny

[@wicketandfriendsparody8068]

@J King hahaha yeah they needed a menu change! :/

[@metralla]

If reindeer meat is expensive in Finland I'm not even going to try here in the UK

[@wnchstrman]

The replaceable bone tip on the spear is actually genius. Highly likely to successfully retrieve your spear shaft on the trail of a wounded animal like a modern arrow, with the difference being that spear is intact and a new bone spear point can be attached immediately for re-arming.

[@johnjriggsarchery2457]

I toyed around with the Baton with a javelin, figuring out length of cord and wrapping point on the dart and found that it was pretty effective and accurate. I have a video on my channel showing me hitting close to a stump at a bit over 30 yards. Someone practiced could throw much farther and more accurately and yes, it increases power over simply throwing.

[@devincahoon830]

Great video excellent writing and well researched. Head and shoulders above most of the Ice age content I have found!

[@janetmontgomery-r6j]

Very very important phrase. Great information and really like accurate maps, photos of important locations and finds. The discussions and ideas. All great. And such an important time period... Great to see it so well covered

[@vlizam123]

Holy fk, I literally never comment on videos, but I just found out about this channel and this thing needs to blow up. +1 sub.

[@thecheaperthebetter4477]

This channel is so underrated

[@na_baegeen]

true, I just found it and I'm hooked

[@stefanodadamo6809]

The explanation of the use of antler by early hunters in glacial era contexts is truly brilliant.

[@MH-tn3pp]

In 2015, a Musée de l’Aurignacien opened in the city of Aurignac, France. It’s not far from Toulouse and Lourdes. You are all very welcome to visit it, passionate about prehistory.

[@CarolineVigneron71]

Thanks for your work and for the few words in French (not that bad!) and for Frère Jacques! I feel that your love for ancestors kind of show! That's really nice! Thanks again for all those very new to me & detailed informations. I especially appreciated the mention of what looks like pegs for tents.

[@penamcpena1755]

I stumbled upon this video today, absolutely fantastic stuff, along with the related channels! I would honestly pay for content like this, I adore the work you guys do.

[@saturn722]

But is it all true? Is the evidence that obvious? I don't think so.

[@peterheneghan1227]

Stefan I absolutely love your videos. This one in particular is amazing, the information about the antler tips and wood shafts is an incredible observation. I've always found prehistory fascinating and will continue to watch your videos

[@brianmccarthy5557]

Do the people who study this period ask people who live in environments similar to that time, and whose families probably engaged in similar activities to the people of that time, but only a century or so ago (e.g. Western Alaskan natives, the Sami of northern Scandinavia) if the bone and stone tools are similar to anything they know about? The Sami and other northern nomads stiil use some traditional shelters similar to the Paeolithic ones. Perhaps comparing the banner stones to fittings on their shelters would be helpful. I've been in traditional Plains Indian tipis, which actually are quite different from the way they are typically portrayed in art and film. There are all kinds of little fittings made from bone for various utilitarian purposes, including drip sticks and rawhide line tighteners. I doubt that someone not familiar with them who found them at an old campsite would easily determine what they were used for. I think this is what Lewis Binford used to call process archaeology, which I understand has fallen from favor.

[@erinmac4750]

I know there's a specific term for that type of archeology, where you reconstruct and try out ancient tools, tech, shelters...experimental archeology? Trying to remember....😁

[@nsdtgabe4082]

Erin Mac archaeological anthropology?

[@yoo_hoo_anyone_there]

Could you say that again. In plain English, please.

[@FPSIreland2]

@@yoo_hoo_anyone_there Compare the tools found at these ancient sites to those used by people who still live the way they lived, and infer from that what they are.

[@Hawkster212]

Best archeological videos out there l, so appreciate your channel

[@YanoshRagauld]

Great work Stefan. Always good to see your content. Thanks buddyo

[@lexington476]

I really like your documentary-style prehistory videos. This is what the History Channel on Discovery Channel used to be. These are very well edited videos.

[@Fushione]

Ooh French titles, I’m feeling privileged as a baguette

[@desiderata8811]

Don’t forget the Roquefort on the baguette.

[@violenceislife1987]

oui 🥐🥖

[@nosuchthing8]

Sacre blue

[@lisarochwarg4707]

Mon dieu, or something.

[@WinterMadness]

Hon hon hon

[@scragglybeard9322]

"oh you're wearing a wolf teeth necklace... Sorry mate I'm more a fox skull guy"

[@_robustus_]

Fossil walrus ivory is where it’s at.

[@terraflow__bryanburdo4547]

"Those bloody cave bear claw guys think they're all that!"

[@lakrids-pibe]

You know what I hate? Young hipster girls wearing their dads wolf teeth necklace, but they can't mention ONE of their hits.

[@シロダサンダー]

@@lakrids-pibe love those. Easy lays.

[@m-agirouard3329]

@@terraflow__bryanburdo4547 lmao

[@EVtripper]

One of the most frustrating things about other History videos is their lack of accurate maps of the era. Thank you for starting this out right! Good to see the actual shape of the continents and shorelines that reflect the time period.

[@demeurecorentin]

Surprisingly immersive and insightful short documentary. Thank you

[@robinfrederick3020]

Neat, you finally did something. Love your stuff, man.

[@MrTryAnotherOne]

3:15 Most of the archeological evidence in buried underneath the oceans anyway as much of the past coastal areas was flooded by rising sea levels. Btw, most of the current population is living near the coast (and rivers). I imagine it was quite similiar back then.

[@kchuk1965]

Great comment. I think almost 80% of the us population lives within 100 miles of an ocean. Not sure what it it worldwide. Population always clusters around oceans, lakes, rivers. That’s where most of the action is. It stands to reason if was the same in the Paleolithic.

[@ettore_mazza]

This double upload is going to do my day!

[@phatphat7089]

I'm a day late but ditto!

[@mikef.1000]

Great work Milo! I really like your caution melded with logic and reasonable supposition. With a list of possibilities you are usually prepared to consider a combination of the alternatives; I think that is a wise way forward. Fascinating stuff! Thank you.

[@clintjohnson2460]

How serendipitous is it that I get to enjoy this terrific, informative video.. whilst having lunch and eating... French fries... I feel so engaged!!

[@hanschitzlinger3676]

I knew the use for the antler tips as soon as he said they were split at the bottom, just disposable spear points. They also don’t shatter like glass, as flint does

[@MrJonsonville5]

Yay yay yay let me get my bowl ready, gotta get my mind right.

[@StefanMilo]

That's the spirit

[@MrJonsonville5]

@@StefanMilo Cela a fait un excellent état d'esprit de visualisation.

[@sarad6627]

@@StefanMilo The amount of time put in to carving images of horses on a purely utilitarian baton seems counter intuitive to me. Given the that the grip ridges can have a practical purpose and that the baton can snap, I'm tending to think along the lines of the protective use of the horse image as say an amulet. The Iron Age Celtiberians used the wolf images in the four cardinal points on food storage items to ward off contamination of food and it has been found on rings in Britain. I can also see the image being used to protect a home. Just speculating.

[@seanhaarhoff3726]

I'm with you on that one.

[@tehbonehead]

Another possible reason for antler tools... How hard is it to work stone in mittens? Grinding antlers on stones sounds much easier.

[@Jcatgrl]

i genuinely love hearing you say that something is a maybe or uncertain. it makes me really wistful sometimes how we'll never know for sure, but of course it's better to be honest about that. not to mention it's so fascinating to hear how many possibilities there are!

[@rogersledz6793]

Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!

[@SnifferCustoms]

This is very well done presentation! I learned a lot, and entertaining at same time. Thank you! 🤘

[@smittywerbenmanjensen9394]

Two uploads in one night? You just made my night way better Stefan!

[@cursor1459]

That ending though! Hahaha Excellent presentation Man. 👍

[@juanpascallucianobravado6112]

Love this one so much, your commentary on the cave art and its importance is que magnifique.

[@marcvz1005]

You tell your stories in such a fascinating way, thanks!

[@EagleEye_ACH]

Sir Milo, I really appreciate your videos and style of communicating this info. Except for the occasional maths, your videos are resonating well with my children, assisting with their understanding of the basics of ancient civs and hominids.

[@adventussaxonum448]

"Semi-automatic spear"...,love it! 😄

[@rondias6625]

Absolutely outstanding video .. unbiased, informative and incredibly professionally done beautiful visuals and it's obvious the research has been thoroughly compiled with an open mind..real science being done not just for the flashy fame and recognition..on KZbin..thanks for sharing..have a better one !

[@shikawgoh]

Stefan, great video as usual! I’ve been a subscriber for awhile now but just got around watching this one. It was perfect timing too because I just finished reading a book called “Shaman” by Kim Stanley Robinson that takes place in the same time period and region that you cover here. I can’t recommend it enough. Yes, it is fiction but it is so well researched and so well written that I couldn’t put it down. It totally made the time and people come alive. Normally I strictly stick with nonfiction books (Cro-Magnon by Brian Fagan or First Peoples in a New World by David Meltzer) and articles (and videos like yours) when it comes to subject matter like this but… I’d heard good things about this book…and it was really captivating. It’s so well researched and incredibly detailed. Your video touched on a number of the topics the book delved into. All so fascinating! Just thought I’d share. I’m sure you and your subscribers would enjoy it. Also, love your sense of humor. Cheers!

[@teamstriemer]

Brilliant content! You have made my leaning about this so enjoyable! Love your new book too! Excellent work! Looking forward to your next video

[@valeriavagapova]

29:16 strong look indeed, but not stronger than this video If I may be serious for a second, this was a superb film. Super informative and educational, but accessible and entertaining. Can't even imagine how much went into the making of it. Thank you and cheers

[@JeffNeelzebub]

The fact that they eat Reindeer almost exclusively reminds me of modern Sami and other Reindeer herding cultures. Are we sure they were hunting and not herding? Is it possible they semi-domesticated these reindeer? Getting them to trust them, guiding them to particular grazing grounds, working to keep the herd healthy, etc.?

[@fudgedogbannana]

YES. Of course you understand that in an ice age climate is everything, farming on a large scale would have been impossible, even animal husbandry would have been very difficult. Once the climate became stable(9,500 years ago), farmers planted crops on a grand scale enabling the beginning civilization on a large scale. Now whole villages can engage in something other that farming (pottery etc.).

[@Mancub2024]

I kind of love the image of aurignacian humans riding around on reindeer like the reindeer riders of the russian and mongolian taiga.

[@gx8con17]

sami is directly related to the other uralic native people in siberia nenets, khanty, nganasan, enets, selkup, mansi and our reindeer culture has nothing to do with these european people in this video. All uralic siberian tribes were originally deer hunters and fishers not herders. Well maybe they had some tamed reindeer but bigger herding is more of newer thing. At some point nenets samoyeds learned the reindeer herding from altai/sayan mongolia direction. Khanty and nganasan then learned herding from nenets and mansi from khanty. Well whats now northern sami maybe also lerned it from nenets as at some point in recent history northern sami and nenets were again in contact. Northern sami then spread out and all other sami became reindeer herders too inspired by northern ones. In some nenets stories sami is mentioned as brothers who left ural and went to faraway land in the end of the world. In some sami stories Son of sun comes to lapland thats populated by giants. He fights the giants and marries daughter of giant. They then give birth to the early sami, the children of Son of sun and daughter of giant. Our ancestors arrived to finland 4000 years ago from siberia but earliest people were already here 10000 years ago. Whats interesting is that those norths giants are also mentioned in norwegian and swedish viking stories. So at one point in whats now known as nordic countries: sami lived in finland, "giants" in northern areas aka lapland, ancestors of vikings in south of sweden and norway. So thesese "giants" were kind of in pressure between vikings from south and sami uralics from east. They had fights and sami and vikings won and what was left of those "giants" (that probably talked basque type language) mixed to sami and vikings just like the stories say., so uralic people from east and ancestors of vikings from europe pretty much squashed between some earlier european people when they arrived to nordic area. Entire finland was mostly sami between 3500 years ago to year 500 after sami had pushed away those earlier people in finland, so sami were the main population of finland for 2000 years. Sami were then pushed to north of lapland when farmers (finns) from south arrived from estonia and southern finland for more farming land in north.

[@Mancub2024]

@@gx8con17 this is an excellent historical lesson, but it doesn't negate the hypothetical that a culture dependent on reindeer herds developed similar practices to contemporary reindeer cultures. The two cultures do not need to be related in order to develop similar habbits/technologies. Take wild crop cultivation for example. Central valley mseoamericans started genetically targeting and cultivating wild teosinte (precursor to corn) some 9000 years ago. They did not learn those cultivation techniques from Mesopotamia.

[@JeffNeelzebub]

@@Mancub2024 This is what I was getting at. I wasn't trying to imply that the Sami got their reindeer herding culture from early europeans, though it might be possible, I was commenting on convergent cultural practices, not unlike how unrelated species can end up looking similar due to convergent evolution. Like you said, Chinese and Mesoamericans developed farming completely independent of each other, and the same could be true of reindeer herding.

[@JKonteful]

I was watching this video and fell asleep on the couch.. imagine getting woken up by this epic flute :)

[@hrafnagu9243]

This is like the sixth time I've watched this video. The late paleolithic is my favourite period in human history. I always wonder what it would be like to actually have seen the world during that time. I love your channel Stefan. It's probably my favorite on all of KZbin. Cheers mate!

[@tonybrowneyed8277]

always a pleasure to watch your work milo!

[@ThatLadyBird]

I believe the batons being spear straighteners is still the best explanation. Now that ive heard from your guest about how the Aurignacians redesigned their spears to protect the shaft rather than the spear head itself, Im totally convinced that keeping those spears intact and usable (straight) was extremely important to them. Makes perfect sense.

[@moocyfarus8549]

Running wood through a narrow space does not make it straight.

[@ericschmuecker348]

@@moocyfarus8549 bending the stick when its hot. Oven mitts. Or wrench.

[@northernskow3443]

@@moocyfarus8549 no, but they do bear an amazing likeness to shaft straightners.

[@wardop123]

The fishing joke had me dying and I’m not even embarrassed to admit it

[@jennifer_duke]

Thanks for making this video, I’m writing a novel set during this period and found it very useful as well as entertaining! 👍

[@kibnob]

How is the novel going?

[@jennifer_duke]

@@kibnob Ok thanks 👍 I have a draft but it still needs a lot of work

[@santiagodeavila94]

@@jennifer_duke have you finished? i am curious about

[@jennifer_duke]

@@santiagodeavila94 It still needs tweaking but is on the back burner currently as I’m busy with other things. Thanks for asking!

[@stacywarren4739]

Two years in I bet you’re shredding on that flute now

[@Jane-nc2fr]

These videos are so good. I keep coming back to them. Thank you.

[@alexbacon657]

The dubbing in of ‘Somerset’ at 17:00 cracked me up

[@rhwinner]

If you bought Paris real estate back then, you're sitting pretty right now....

[@lanceheaps581]

No kidding!

[@azzking9305]

Alls good in hindsight

[@anonymousalias.5059]

I never knew pre-historic europe would be so interesting, thanks for this 👍

[@puppude]

😂

[@davidking5531]

Thanks!

[@DandreKelly-xp9ib]

your ability to connect with your audience is phenomenal!

[@budershank]

I'm thrilled this channel is growing. When I subbed I think it was like 1-2k subs. Keep up the great work, Stefan!

[@StefanMilo]

Thanks man, thanks for watching all this time.

[@ohdahngboi_2237]

what if the greek myths of titans roaming the earth when the earth was new weren't all myth but remnants of old stories passed down from ancient ancestors that lived amongst these massive beasts when they were still around and then got mixed up with new religious stories and eventually forgotten

[@MrNeboff]

That's a possibility . My Indonesian friends confirmed that they have a myth if little people that used to inhabit their land . Coincidentally remains of 4 feet humanoids were discovered . So your theory isn't far off . cheers

[@retiredatforty]

Genesis chapter 6, verses 1-4 sound similar.

[@norml.hugh-mann]

​@@retiredatfortygenisis was better in the original version a few thousand years before called The Epic of Gilgamesh"

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

Great video, glad I found it! Still a ton of your stuff I haven't seen, yet, but you are a top-rate content creator, a great educator, and you cover so many really cool subjects! So, here's my like, and my comment for the Almighty Algorithm! 👋😊

[@exoskeleton5660]

That beautiful flute serenade at the end just really adds to this whole video, you're a man of many talents! ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

[@NOMAD-qp3dd]

What a great video. 👏👏👏👍👍 Stefan do we know how they illuminated those caves @ 23:20 just torches? A campfire? Did daylight once shine through there or something? It would be cool to replicate small sources of light to try and see the wall paintings as they saw them. Those flutes @ 28:36 it's interesting to think about early humans considering harmony and music theory if they were ever playing their flutes together. "Cronk, your note no sound good with my note." Also they could communicate with one another at longer ranges without having to scream or shout, as their different flutes and the way they would play them could be likened to a finger print, a passcode, their caller ID. Communicatimg like birds. It's beautiful to think of, 65,000 years ago, humans, not just struggling to survive, they had time to relax and be creative and artistic.