Magnetic Resonance Imaging Explained

Dr D. Bulte from Oxford University's FMRIB (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain) centre explains the theory underlying today's modern MRI scanners and outlines the work of the FMRIB centre.
If you are interested in the field of Biomedical Sciences, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging, please click on the link below to visit Oxford University's Biomedical Sciences undergraduate course.
www.medsci.ox.a...
This video was produced by Oxford Medical Illustration -- a non-profit making NHS department. For more information please click on the link below:
www.oxfordmi.nh...

[@erikkayV]

I absolutely love it when people who are knowledgeable about a subject explain the subject.

[@CwazyThe]

Best video about MRI there is...believe me, I searched all over

[@MessiForever-q9l]

agreed, this one is the best one

[@HiddenWen]

I love how it's just technical enough so that you understand the fundamentals of what's going on, but he also does a great job of explaining how things work in a simple and easy to digest manner. Definitely have a better grasp as to what goes on now.

[@babebalen]

Thx

[@tamabata]

Man I would love to have such clarity in formulating my own thoughts. Impressive, informative, amazing

[@chiedzamatowe4397]

He explained so simply I now understand it. Thank you so very much Dr Daniel Bulte.

[@tienho73]

Hi Dr. Bulte ~ thank you for the clear and concise video explaining how MRI works, this really helped me study for radiology final exam in medical school! All the best from Seattle.

[@nothingleft777]

I visited the Siemens Healthcare factory in Erlangen, Germany as part of our Bachelor's Studies. The amount of cutting-edge engineering and technology that they have in order to manufacture these MRI machines is astonishing. Simply one of the "craziest" technology companies out there.

[@Melissamymy]

I've explained the functioning of an MRI in a basic form since they were first about in 1980, but this really blows that explanation out of the water and expands it way beyond - brilliant!

[@nickdale3865]

Superb explanation, thanks. And I love the fact Dr B chooses 'doing calculus' as an example of what he might get a person to do during an fMRI session, not just 'maths' or 'sums'!

[@snowleopard2288]

I really appreciate how to the point this is. Some people just drag things out and repeat themselves over and over which gets super annoying. Thank you!

[@romyjugroo4542]

I hope nobody will repeat this demo near the MRI machine.Great video.

[@zubairahmed3652]

Really a clear explanation about the MRI system. The only vedio on youtube which can clear the concept. Thank you sir for your great vedio

[@jeannerossi2489]

Congratulations Dr. D Bulte. Your explanation of MRI is the best I've ever read to date. This sharing of important information is most appreciated. Thank you!

[@avflyguy]

Been searching all over the place on how a scanner works. I finally landed here. Now I got it. Great explanation.

[@Steve211Ucdhihifvshi]

Aussie? I loved to know how it works, i asked thr operator and she was like ahhh i dont really know. hahaha skilled. Thanks for this mate!

[@magtazeum4071]

It's been 10 years since this video was posted..Still, it's my favorite

[@ali566]

Simplest way one can explain T1 and T2 relaxation. Shukriya (Thanks) Dr Bulte

[@taslima7062]

By far the best video I've seen about MRI, trust me i'm twelve and this is the video that helped me understand this concept

[@lionsblood321]

Smart man, thanks for making this, gave me some peace of mind.

[@gabrielflores804]

Great explanation, gonna have to see it a couple more times though.

[@bikerchic7938]

Signal in MR images is high or low (bright or dark), depending on the pulse sequence used, and the type of tissue in the image region of interest. The following is a general guide to how tissue appears on T1- or T2- weighted images. Dark on T1-weighted image: increased water, as in edema, tumor, infarction, inflammation, infection, hemorrhage (hyperacute or chronic) low proton density, calcification flow void . Bright on T1-weighted image: fat subacute hemorrhage melanin protein-rich fluid slowly flowing blood paramagnetic substances: gadolinium, manganese, copper calcification (rarely) laminar necrosis of cerebral infarction . Bright on T2-weighted image: increased water, as in edema, tumor, infarction, inflammation, infection, subdural collection methemoglobin (extracellular) in subacute hemorrhage.. .. Dark on T2-weighted image: low proton density, calcification, fibrous tissue paramagnetic substances: deoxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin (intracellular), iron, ferritin, hemosiderin, melanin protein-rich fluid flow void

[@SunsetDreamms]

I'm here because had 7 within a year due to a Brainstem Cavernoma found on Nov 2017 after having a stroke since it's in my pons doctors do not want to remove it they all say it's too risky I'm 36 yrs old never had any health problems just bad headaches thanks to an MRI doctors were able to diagnose me. For now all I can do it's wait and see since brain surgery it's not an option for me. Over all good video🤗 I kinda of got it

[@andrewyinlong7059]

Hope everything went well...

[@dhanajitbrahma2309]

Awesome explanation...

[@Marawan]

Nice Video! quite informative for my A level Physics and chemistry as well

[@zezlo6995]

Wow, really clear explanation, thank you.

[@mani1147]

You my friend...are a smart cookie. Thanks

[@JoeMeats]

amazing stuff, i wonder what they were experimenting to discover this

[@malayali_m]

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - apparently that word was scary, so they chose the term MRI instead.

[@8543960]

Its origin lies in a technique chemists use to help determine the structure of organic molecules called Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. It uses a superconducting magnet (back in the early days of the technique, just strong ordinary magnets) and radio frequency light. The physics of NMR and MRI is exactly the same, the spin flip of a proton when immersed in a magnetic field. The two techniques just look at different aspects of it. NMR is more concerned about the absorption of radio frequency by nuclei in the magnetic field whereas MRI I believe is more concerned with the amount of time the nuclei spend in their excited states.

[@TGFMusic]

@@malayali_m NMR is still the term we used in the chemistry field. Same basic concept though.

[@rgudduu]

@@8543960 , why such strong magnetic field (about 3 Tesla) is necessary?

[@ShadowZZZ]

Physicist here and this explanation is amazing

[@BadTopology]

One of the best descriptions I've heard. Thanks you.

[@zachpowell992]

Wonderful video. Thank you Dr. Bulte.

[@ceknott]

Excellent thank you

Came to understand what kind of scan I just had in a MRI mashine. Now I'm totally clueless.

[@anthonyvolkman2338]

That is quite fascinating how two interacting (but opposing axis fields) can create a proton spin and thermal spike at that scale.

[@haricharan5827]

Best explanation on mri

[@josephrowell9052]

Brilliant explanation, could do with a little more on hydrogen non zero spin etc, but still the best video I can find

[@emmafoster2438]

Thank you. Now I understand a bit more about MRI.

[@dorothyyam5663]

GREAT explanation!

[@late_arvie]

Very helpful. Thank you Dr. Bulte.

[@cinxin]

its 8 years since this was published but thankyou i really needed this for my physics asg lmaoo

[@Benevolene]

Very good explanation of a very complicated subject, although I wish you would have mentioned more about how gadolinium affects the contrast.

[@mariamhasany5250]

Amazing explanation

[@yael123gut]

Perfectly explained! Thank you very much

[@georgelister2097]

really clear explanation! thanks

[@7kVlog7]

so articulate bro. wish u were my lecturer

[@JudyAbbot]

Thank you so much.... very useful... short but full of information!

[@MechMoe]

Wonderful explanation! I feel like I finally understand MRI now!

[@mfpierce]

Great explanation, I agree.

[@jujiifruit9520]

Best explanation ever. Thank you

[@arthurlugovoy3720]

Thanks! That was quite helpful

[@LukeChavers]

Extremely good video, thank you.

[@traceybartlam7737]

Fascinating

[@elsabajraktari6978]

amazing explanation!

[@nashfahamza5865]

That was real good explanation! Loved it

[@WeedduuTube]

Good explanation!

[@greerellender3942]

Thanks for the video. Super cool!

[@hennivogt3519]

Thank you so much! Brilliant explanation!

[@usd25674]

This guy is good. Thanks for this video, helped a lot .

[@akshaiambro702]

Most expedient explanation on MRI..👌...all others will only ever say..3 magnets, an electromagnet, supplying current,...and boom you got the image...like wtf 😒

[@karthikbagade5851]

Good job 👍

[@parveensiddique1251]

nicely explained

[@ignaciocordovapou]

Thanks for the explanation. I'd like to point out that particles are not spinning. Spin is a fundamental quantum property of the proton and has nothing to do with it spinning.

[@sugarguy87]

I salute you Sir !!

[@etherealliz1]

SO helpful thank you sm

[@jurashi915]

Very useful explanation

[@anaidabadalyan408]

great explanation!!! thank you million!

[@aaronramsden1657]

Amazing

[@EL34]

Excellent video!

[@ceknott]

Do you have a phd? You are incredible.

[@rgudduu]

So articulate

[@SpaceDjoxy]

Bravo, majstore!

[@hanjoon0719]

I'm not sure if the spin actually process in the transverse plane when RF pulse is applied, as explained from 2:30min. As far as I know, hydrogen can only have two energy states, high or low, and it is the NMV (Net Magnetic Vector) that lies in the transverse plane which gets detected by the reciever coil, NOT the magnetic moment nor the spin themselves.

[@dbulte]

This is exactly correct! The video is the physics tradition of "simplified to the point of being wrong", and we will reteach it all differently next year.

[@rgudduu]

Are you sure? I think the video is saying correct

[@Flatelanda1]

very well explained!

[@SOUPDRAGONCLANGER]

Very informative video

[@ghettoghost1914]

nice explained

[@JustHackingAround]

Thank you for this video!

[@LuisHernandez-vq2ff]

Great content!

[@patrickmccarthy7124]

Very informative thank you.

[@ozamutelele3247]

You're a life saver

[@soleimananwary2741]

Very informative, thank you.

[@qzh00k]

Why was the N removed from the acronym MRI?

[@leilawho]

excellent! thank you

[@nuwankalanamith6337]

Thank you...

[@crashingwonda]

That was great. Thanks a lot.

[@venegas7303]

Hello, I am studying EM-5 Comprehensive Electronics subjects on ac/dc motors. My question is what type of power supply does an MRI machine use? Single-phase or Three-phase? Just curious?

[@TheEtbetween]

thanks so much I finally understand.

[@kchacko100]

Very Good. I am Looking for some explanation for T1 and T2 imaging. and how does it happen?

[@misskempsta]

Great!! Thank you

[@Maxamed1.]

very helpful thank you.

[@sapnadhama23]

its v v v good

[@TheFi256]

Thanks!

[@ferosacalpe5958]

I think this would have been better if he’s explaining the concept while lying down on the MRI and on side screen, we can simultaneously see his brain scan (real time)....

[@TheZhvanec]

Very Helpful! Thank you ^_^

[@InsanityisSanity]

mind blown, im here cos i had an MRI scan of my wrist today.. damn

[@weakataglance]

Bravo

[@andrewyoung6857]

So when you have a magnetic field on and your water particles are processing towards the initial B-field...you then turn on an orthogonal B-field to get the water particles to process towards that one (at a orbital of energy). But dont you have to turn off the orthogonal B-field once the water particles start processing with the orthogonal B-field so that they quickly jump back down a state because they will start processing towards the initial B-field. So once the the orthogonal B-field is turned off and the water particle is processed back to the initial B-field , doesnt the water particle emit a photon (which is light) and then they have a sensor waiting to catch all those photons to get a good image of bones,tissues,etc? emits a photon because of the jumping down from a higher orbital to a lower orbital? or am i thinking of it completely wrong?

[@dbulte]

You are basically correct. Individual protons absorb and emit photons, but the net magnetic moment (the sum of many, many protons) rotates down in a spiral motion while the B1 field is on, then spirals back up to the B0 direction once the B1 is removed.

[@HershelLimDeAsistsPinay]

i love you dr. d. bulte. so good looking...

[@jacksalvatierra7959]

Why my Dr. ordered me a CT-Scan. I want an MRI. i dont want to be expose to ionizing radiation please

[@chc892]

Why does the proton not immediately realign itself into the plane of the large (3T) magnetic field after the 2nd magnetic field is turned off?

[@dbulte]

The individual proton probably won't flip back at all. Think of it as adding energy to the system when they are flipped. Just like heating water, the system takes time to "cool down" until it reaches equilibrium again.

[@joefagan9335]

It will align itself eventually. But it will precess before doing so.

[@bikerchic7938]

The explanation this physicist did was basic. Its much more complex than his explanation...Some tissues types realign faster than others. Taking a sample at a certain echo time (in milliseconds) will show tissues at certain states of relaxation.. There are also different types of relaxation.. There is longitudinal as well as spin lattice. Longitiudinal relaxation shows tissues in T1 and spin lattice show tissues in t2 relaxation...Each type of tissue has certain shades of white or grey for each type of relaxation. For example, Fat looks bright on a T1 weighted image, On a T2 weighted image Fat is somewhat bright but not as bright at T1... Spinal fluid is dark gray on a T1 and bright on T2 Sometimes its better to look at a mri image from google. search for t1 and t2 sagittal image of the lumbar spine and look at the bones, the disks, the spinal canal, the fat etc..... nerves, muscle, tendons, cartlidge , inflamation, generally look a dark grey on both t1 weighted and t2 weighted scans...bone metatasis looks dark on t1 scans,,, Google an image of a lumbar spine with bone mets and look at how it appears dark in the boneoon a t1 weighted scan. A compression fracture can also appear dark on a t1 weighted spine image. One cool thing about mri is you can saturate out certain tissues like fat to see fluid in t2 images...Fat saturation is where you can bombard the frequency that fat resonates at so that it has no signal . The reason you do this is because fat and fluid are bright on a t2 weighted image.. If you pulled a muscle in the leg and couldnt tell if there was fluid or fat in the tissues as they both look bright, you add fat sat to it so fat now becomes dark and fluid or inflamation now appears bright,,,,Google an mri image of muscle tear in the calf. You will see a t1 weighted fat sat scan shows bright fluid, the t1 weighted images shows that fluid dark. If you didnt use fat saturation on that scan the fluid in the leg would also look like fat...This is still a very simplistic look at mri...Its a lot more complicated than what I just wrote, but google is a good resource to as well as seeing pathology on a mri image....

[@mackoy789]

Thanks ;)

[@-.._.-_...-_.._-..__..._.-.-.-]

That's pretty nuts.

[@Emmastayofftheinternet]

this guy is smart