MRI: Basic Physics & a Brief History

Describes the basic physics of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and relevant terms such as T1 & T2 relaxation, pulse sequence, frequency and phase encoding, T1WI and T2WI. Introduces the landmark papers of Drs. Damadian and Lauterbur that made magnetic resonance imaging a reality.

[@titoutlaw]

I am a biomedical Engineer, and this is the best, easiest and most brief explanation of MRI I have ever seen.

[@thehandsomenipple3623]

im doing BME undergrad

[@yongkailiu1448]

Agree

[@Stalennin]

Same! I'm actually using this video to help me describe the physics in my thesis!

[@mikeearls126]

shut up ya cocky baztids !! ;)

[@Kingtrollface259]

Ok smart man ,is it safe ? Your injecting a a rare earth heavy metal in your body ,I had a MRI yesterday,and I feel not like myself

[@gingershock]

Awesome video! Hope you don't mind if I add marker notes for my MIT students. 0:00 Electromagnetic spectrum, waves, pixels and voxel. 2:22 MRI machines and electromagnets 4:30 Proton dipoles 60% water -hydrogen atoms and fat 5:40 Magnetic field alignment of dipoles to main magnetic field 6:15 Precession ‘like a spinning top’ 6:26 Larmor equation. At 1.5T precession is 63MHz. 8:02 -9:19 Magnetic resonance: RF causes resonance (not covered well in other vids) 10:02 T2 & T1 Good description of T2 relaxation (decay) and T1 recovery 12:12 TR & TE Generating contrast between tissue types using TR and TE 14:29 Contrast T2 weighting produces bright signal in water. 17: 48 Image weighting by TR and TE adjustments 20:08 MR Spectroscopy (not covered this year but interesting and important concept for the future of imaging) 22:38 Gradient coils 3 sets 22:55 Slice selection: Applying gradient to resonant our slice. 23:35 Phase encoding creating a phase shift to localise spins in 1 dimension 24:16 Frequency encoding applying a gradient in the 3rd and final direction, so that the signal can be measured and located to a particular voxel.

[@DoctorKlioze]

ginger shock Absolutely! Didn't even know you could do that. Thanks for teaching the next generation...

[@vishnuvardhan18]

@@DoctorKlioze so great of u

[@KathySolita]

It's totally insane to me now that they tried to teach us this by reading a text. What a great use of graphic representations, truly leads to deep understanding 👐

[@EvilOverlord96]

The best video explaining MRI I found on youtube so far. Exactly the right amount of information.

[@DoctorKlioze]

12-6-13: Giuliana got 1st place at the school science fair! On to county...

[@venkatraamudu]

Sir Can you explain about sinusoidal radio frequency?? You said RF pluse will be perpendicular to the proton net magnetization but this sinusoidal RF is parallel in this vedio , can you please elaborate it?

[@siddharthannandhakumar6187]

Thank Giuliana we got this...

[@parayacade]

Thanks Dr. Klioze. I am not a radiologist but had a keen desire to understand the basic physics behind MRI. This video and the ones on X ray and CT are the best I have come across. No amount of book reading could have cleared the concepts so well. Thanks again and God Bless !

[@weiguo4339]

This is the best video about MRI principles I've ever seen. Thank you so much for this!

[@DoctorKlioze]

Didn't place at State Science fair but what an amazing experience! Fabulous projects with a lot of talented young scientists. A glimmer of hope for science education in the U.S. Very proud of my little girl!

[@practiCalfMRI]

If this video was stimulated by your daughter's science fair then mission accomplished! It's very good. I'm recommending it as a primer on MRI for newbies who are coming into MRI research from non-technical backgrounds. Thanks very much for the hard work!

[@DoctorKlioze]

practiCalfMRI Appreciate your kind words! Giuliana was in 6th grade when she wanted to do a project on the effects of makeup and MRI. She did a good job with the setup but just couldn't grasp the MR physics in enough detail to present the results convincingly. As I said, the experience was still great and she's already talking about going back for 2015! I'm currently working on another MR video concerning diffusion weighted and diffusion tensor imaging. Initially planned to cover the entire subject with one video. After composing some of the script, I thought it would be best to split these out into separate DWI and DTI presentations. Probably a few months away but I would welcome any feedback when they're available. Thanks again...

[@practiCalfMRI]

I look forward to your diffusion videos! Be glad to offer feedback. My handle at gmail dot com if you want to go direct!

[@iosef3337]

What kind of magnet use MRI?

[@DoctorKlioze]

Most modern scanners use a superconducting magnet. Some of the early low field units actually used permanent magnets.

[@tamsenbedoy3500]

Thank you! Best explanation yet! I'm an X-ray student but am shadowing MR and I needed the basics explained before I could really understand anything else and it's very complicated without visual aid. Good luck to your daughter!

[@laurentiu5906]

Finally, i have found a good and logical explanation of what really happens in tissues in t1 and t2 relaxation times.Thank you a lot sir!

[@iSolarSunrise]

This is frickin awesome. Awesome presentation dude!

[@CPL123ful]

Best explanation of NMR basics i've ever seen or heard. Congrats man

[@lordkylo]

So incredibly in depth. I've seen a lot of MRI explanations but this video is the best; hands down! It resonates with the frequency of new curious minds. Well done Dr. Kliose!

[@lordkylo]

@The EdgeLord dude apparently you have beef with this gentlemen. I don't care like 1%. Not at all. Shit smearing is all fine and dandy but you're doing it wrong.

[@gemechubekele2546]

Oh Gosh, this video is so amazing that I came back to watch it again even for revision of an exam.

[@vladimirbobu2954]

Best MRI video ever. Would be nice to include T2* explanation nevertheless its a masterpiece. Big thanks on behalf of biomedical engineering students!!!

[@kasperfish]

great video! finally have a good picture about how mri is working. Thank you for the upload!

[@srijatachakravorti4604]

That was the clearest explanation of the gradient coil functions that I have ever seen. Thanks a lot!

[@ManolisDi21]

Great MRI explanation. Congrats doctor, by a physicist. The best video I found on this subject, as i wanted to learn about the principles of operation of the MRI technique. Thank you sir, keep up with quality in your work.

[@sophies.5200]

As someone with no scientific or technical background but a relentless drive to learn, this video was a revelation. I give talks to general audiences that touch on some major scientific shifts (i.e. neuroplasticity, epigenetics, etc.) and electromagnetism and the body. I've been stalking the MRI for a while, and this superior presentation is a gift and a real thrill. THANK YOU SO MUCH!

[@ChiDraconis]

*NB* What physicists call «spin» is a very arbitrary choice of terminology; The origin of the term is Stern-Gerlach; Illustration shows the *N* ( north ) as the upper magnetic ( field generator ) so since the beam can be said to go up / down the "Spin up" / "Spin down" became accepted as nomenclature - yet this electron "shell" or "field:" is best described as a cloud for purpose of visual imaging; The "exact" position is better though of as *"probably there"* → seriously! _I am not trying to confound you or play head games;_ There is some really exotic speculation in Epigenetics about a purported Water-Carbon resonance; The speaker may correct me as his training is accomplished compared to You Tube Commentors like myself; The ​(Franklin and Gosling 1953; Watson and · Crick 1953) thing most are aware of has an "outer sheath" ( backbone ) of DNA is based on a repeated pattern of a sugar group and a phosphate group cyberbridge.mcb.harvard.edu/dna_1.html Farther up the speaker notes: www.drcmr.dk/MR Which states _This problem is especially severe ......._ going on to note an incorrect presentation which is commonly given though not really requisite to persons being able to do the work; A Spin Transition as they are calling it has no well defined Minkowski Spacetime as would be thought of as a tight well focused resonance as many would think of it; Even a laser which will impress for its clarity will have some spectral broadening i.e. the light though astoundingly pure chromatic to the human eye has some spectral broadening: Spread‐spectrum MRI represents a new approach to accelerate image acquisition K Scheffler - ‎2019 - ‎Spread‐spectrum magnetic resonance imaging; wiley ◘ *doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27766*

[@patrickkawooya4538]

After languishing for so long in writings and youtube videos seeking to grasp the MRI principles, I've finally come to something useful.

[@georgefan2977]

This might just be the most ingenious invention I’ve heard. It’s unbelievable how they were able to utilise electromagnets for imaging

[@Lup0Solitario]

One of the best explanation about MRI on KZbin, thanks for the great efforts.

[@usmanashraf8509]

Brilliant demonstration and animations used. Highly appreciated!!

[@michaelwu9969]

Thank you Dr. Klioze, fantastic presentation of fMRI.

[@Moni-wq1yt]

Saw this video for this first time many years ago, learned a lot - now coming back to revise MRI. Thank you for your work!

[@danieldollive4660]

I am going to be potentially working on MRI and ct scanner's so this is by far the best working knowledge I could ask for. The care you took to break down each part and define each step from tx to rx I must say it helps demystify the imaging process enough that I can see exactly what Parts are needed to be worked on and where I should begin my diagnostic procedures. For a example a blurry picture may be a result of relaxation time delay pulse duration so I can conclude a frequency range is out of phase and may be giving incorrect returns. The idea of energizing then looking for the return or the t1 return makes far more sence after watching this video. Appreciate your work and I look forward to future videos.

[@ziba89]

this is by far the best MRI description i've found.. thank you!

[@elgaro]

This is by far the best explanation i found for how the MRI process works. Great animation.

[@nocturnal0091]

one of the best videos on MRI physics. Explained well in an easy manner & short time. Very clear graphics.

[@Gaddsch]

incredible good video that doesnt oversimplify but actually explains understandable! Thanks for that huge effort that went into this video. Videos like you bring humanity forward!!!

[@basilal4671]

You have simplified the most complicated parts of MRI, good on you and thanks a lot.

[@marianaribeiro9593]

Thank you so much! I'm a medical student, currently on my Neuro rotation and this video saved so much time and headaches. You're awesome!

[@nagavarshinimayakkannan808]

The best video on youtube that explains MRI clearly. thank u so much

[@danimartinelli6550]

this was sooo useful!!! I have a radiology exam next week and I totally understood how mri function thanks to this video rather than reading a thousand times my manual! thanks a lot

[@markhuman3026]

Simply the best MRI explanation I have found. Really well done.

[@mindys1198]

Great Video, Im studying for my MRI Registry and this was very helpful, especially understanding the difference between T1 & T2 relaxations.

[@ahmedal-doori2519]

Your videos are incredible Dr. Klioze. They have helped me tremendously in my Intro to Imaging class!

[@vugarazizov7977]

Thank you so very much. I am an immunologist shifting to nanoparticles. I could not find a single source of information that I could understand. You have done it!!! Bravo.

[@ksawery6568]

Amazing effort put into creating this video, and a great explanation, thank you!

[@emilrundgren3339]

Wow. I just realized I've never commented on a video before since I had to open up some sort of channel to make this comment. I went through it though, because after spending a lot of time watching videos of the principles of MRI (videos is the only way for me) trying to grasp anything, one becomes exhilarated to find a video like this one. Outstanding animations, good narrative pace and perfectly optimized content. I'm sure even the music contributed to a deeper understanding! Thank you. And please keep making videos.

[@tinkerduck3824]

Kudos to you Sir, this is awesome! Rarely seen a science video which explains the basics of such a complex matter in a form that almost everybody can grasp it.

[@siddharthannandhakumar6187]

Love your detailed explanation. No one could teach me MRI in such a detailed fashion. Invaluable video🙏

[@kayleeni24689]

This video is the best I've seen about MRI, and I used a lot of content in my materials science presentation. Thank you!

[@chawnwhite8956]

This is a great video giving a GREAT explanation of how MRI's function. Thank you very much. It's the best video, regarding how MRI's work, on the internet.

[@alex_8704]

The best MRI basics visualization and explanation I've ever ever watched

[@AGJ48]

Excellent video Dr. Klioze! This is a convincing and logical presentation because each step in your lecture is logically supported by the prior information. Thanks!

[@eoliveira2711]

Best video on KZbin on MRI. Thank you!

[@bioxplaining_by_anuska]

The video is outstanding. The best possible way in which I could learn MRI physics. This is a part of my biophysics syllabus and the concept is clear now.

[@Shanu_p]

Since I was not able to understand the MRI principles my professor shared this video with me 5 years ago. It all started here and now I m a researcher developing contrast agents for MRI. I m still grateful for this video.

[@DoctorKlioze]

Wow! That has got to be one of the best compliments I've ever received on this channel! A sincere thanks, my friend and best of luck with your career.

[@wgm-en2gx]

Sir, that was an absolutely fascinating and clear explanation. Thank you very much.

[@mamatoshgupta]

I really liked the explanation. I went through MRI for my right knee due to ACL injury and was very curious to know how the machine works. This helped a lot!! Thank you... :)

[@ranjitkrishn]

This is the best possible way to demonstrate basic MR physics. I couldn't understand it with any amount of reading. Your video has enlightened me on this concept.Thanks a ton sir.

[@msoulforged]

This is the best MRI video here by far

[@maryamsadeghi1199]

This video was very very useful. MRI can only be explained with such detailed animated explanations. Thank you for the time and effort

[@HiddenWen]

Thanks for the amazing video! I'm working in the medical imaging industry and have very little knowledge on how these devices work. I don't even come from a physics background. This was pretty easy for me to digest!

[@chetteli]

Thank you for sharing this brillant video. It was perfect to recap today's lecture about MRI; having stuff explained by a different person is always good. The illustrations were perfectly clear, keep up the good work!

[@helenwilliams1003]

THIS IS AMAZING!!!!! Thank you Dr Klioze, after listening to more than an hour of lectures this was the best explanation

[@geeshanisomaratne7043]

Thank you so much for sharing this valuable information. Its really simple, attractive and professional video and very valuable resource.

[@doxfire]

Just got a job with GE Healthcare working on MRI machines so videos like this really help me understand them.

[@dorsasimiyari9201]

This video just saved my life. I have to take a medical physics test tomorrow and I just could't get the idea of my MRI notes. Thanks a lot

[@shreedhar333]

thank you for giving this physics based explanation on MRI technology. Most videos have a slide by slide presentation laying out just the facts behind the workings of the machine and lacks the use of animations and other interesting conjectures like the 4X4 example you used in the end. Thanks, again!

[@Er1c91]

This is by far the best video explaining some physics behind MR. Thank you so much for making this because things have finally started to click for me after studying for a while now!!!👌🏻🙌🏻😎

[@kaischuren3427]

What a fantastic video! Thank you for the great explanations!

[@karlharvymarx2650]

You made this easy to understand, yet with enough detail to fill in the voxels and give me a picture of how an image slice is made.

[@elizabethmoscoso6719]

I cannot thank you enough! I finally understand too

[@compotedepommex5351]

Super vidéo et animations ! Bravo et merci pour tout ce travail !

[@AlexanderWright1]

Great video! I've had several dozen MRI scans, and it's great to understand the physics in this detail. Oligodendroglioma.

[@Nettaphone]

dear doctor kiloze! thank you for this video! we are studying for a test in brain imaging and this helped us understand all the physics behind mri imaging! :)

[@doccsquare6207]

have not seen a simpler decoding of the principles... Thank you so much

[@DoctorKlioze]

1st place at county this past Saturday! Heading to state in April...

[@aleksanna5828]

Can't express how grateful I am for the explanation!! Wish you all the best, thank you :)

[@meetjajal6158]

This greatly helped in understanding the concepts of MRI. Thank you.

[@sophiewitherspoon4435]

this is the best video of MRI I've seen to date - thank-you so much :)

[@docm3960]

Best MRI explaining video there is :) Thanks!

[@missbecky5393]

This video is amazing, it's so hard to study MRI and this finally gives me a visual to study by, thanks Doctor Klioze!!!

[@anthonyvolkman2338]

Absolutely amazing video here! Thankyou for the excellent intel provided here. I definitely learned something today (quite a bit).

[@malvikasridhar5645]

By far THE BEST VIDEO WITH SUCH AMAZING VISUAL DEPICTION!!! THANK YOU!

[@BigMac321990]

Brilliant video, this is an excellent description that really assists with understanding the fundamentals. Thank you very much.

[@Rashasr]

Thank you Dr. This video explains MRI just great! :)

[@anaafrida634]

This clears up a lot of things. Thank you!

[@adamkee97]

This video is great! I will never understand MRI without this video.

[@jessereynolds9013]

Great Video, the part explaining the gradient coils was especially useful!

[@rallbart]

this is the best explanation about mri that i have finded! thanks a lot!

[@romyjugroo4542]

Thank you Doctor for this great tutorial.

[@sunilkoparde8852]

Thank you very much Sir ..... Awesome explanation and graphics... I understood very well. I love physics lot....

[@desmondhume333]

Best explanation I've seen yet. I just couldn't understand phase/freq encoding until I watched this.

[@zld190]

Very nice and illustrative introduction of MRI basics for MRI newcomers as me. Thank you so much for this great video.

[@Ryderere]

So clear and informative! Thank you!

[@Cchicagobulls]

Interesting Video, my thanks for you Dr. Klioze

[@MrOrtadakidede]

Great presentation so far!!! I am amazed. Thanks A LOT

[@FatimahA]

This is the best explanation I've ever seen!!! Special thanks!!

[@bassaganas]

I am a student of Biomedical Engineering, and this video has helped me a lot while studying for Medical Images Systems course. Thank you so much for such a good explanation and for sharing your knowledge!

[@satarahmadi5781]

Hello bro I also biomedical engineer please write your email

[@xiaokaizhao5783]

I have to say, this video is awesome... make me feel like I opened a new gate of world...Thank you!

[@samabdi2469]

Wow. This is an amazing and comprehensive video I have ever seen so far in MRI concept. Thank you for doing that for students and someone who is looking for easy way to understand MRI concept. Regards. Sam (Medical Imaging student)

[@paradiselost1131]

unbelievable job! It is undoubtedly the best lecture on MRI basic.

[@maro8D]

Great job! Very well explained. Thank you!

[@janerothrock8838]

This video is AMAZING. The animations are so helpful!

[@beruzbastani210]

Thats awesome sir. I can say its the only video which provide almost complete principles of MRI in an understanding manner. Thank you so much. Hope to see more such video's.

[@josephjsimon]

Absolutely fantastic video. A great intro as I start up studies for my radiology physics board exam. Your graphics are really nice.

[@liweihan4207]

Awesome video! Helped me a lot! Thank you Dr. Klioze!