Mass Separation: Crash Course Engineering #17

It can be really important to separate out chemicals for all kinds of reasons. Today we’re going over three different processes engineers use to achieve that separation: distillation, which separates substances based on their different boiling points; liquid-liquid extraction, which uses differences in solubility to transfer a contaminant into a solvent; and reverse osmosis, which filters molecules from a solvent by pressurizing it through a semipermeable barrier.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: • All PBS Digital Studio...
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RESOURCES:
www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/sc...
www.grida.no/resources/5808
academic.oup.com/bioscience/a...
pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/comp...
www.britannica.com/science/di...
www.srsengineering.com/our-pro...
www.wermac.org/equipment/disti...
www.aiche.org/resources/publi...
puretecwater.com/reverse-osmo...
www.veoliawatertechnologies.c...
www.toraywater.com/knowledge/k...
www.pureaqua.com/reverse-osmo...
www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resou...
www.explainthatstuff.com/chro...
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[@dan1204hc]

And this, ladies and gentlemen, is... one of the hearts of Chemical Engineering.

[@baltakatei]

The distillation column. Heat exchangers. Equilibrium stages. Materials of construction. Controls. Diffusion. Convection. Pressure drop. Piping design. Corrosion. Nondestructive Testing. Pressure Relief System. HAZOP. @.@

[@rohwermusicstudios]

I was really glad there weren't too many new terms presented in this video: considerably easier to understand when there aren't so many terms thrown at you that you're expected to know to understand the rest of what's going on. I really love understanding these engineering principles more in-depth!

[@JEOGRAPHYSongs]

The separation of chemicals is such a precise and tricky practice. Thank you for helping us to understand and be better informed about how to safely and effectively divide and parcel out chemicals in the most efficient way that is possible!

[@stevehehn]

Hey, your channel is really good!

[@AhimsaMedia]

This is definitely a video that I would have used with my students for additional support when I taught high school chemistry. Great explanation. Love the addition of the real world examples at the end.

[@UBCMETCommunity]

Great explanation. I can see this being helpful to a number of Chemistry students, allowing them to visualize these concepts. The mustard getting mixed into the pudding also gave me a good chuckle and a very practical example of two tasty substances on their own that you would very much like to separate if mixed together.

[@viocheng]

Hello Chemical Engineering, my old friend...

[@dan1204hc]

People, don't get deluded by this super nice and cute explanation!! The engineering and calculations behind these (unit) operations are hell, a lot of empiricism, graphical methods, loads of simplifications, rules of thumb, heuristics... It's at the same time brilliant and dirty as heck XD

[@baltakatei]

Fugacity. How does it work?!

[@moonturkey]

Tell us more!

[@alwayschillin9524]

That’s why it’s called crash course.

[@JEOGRAPHYSongs]

I like the picture of the person in the striped shirt, sitting on the couch, with several slices of pizza scattered all over the place. That's how I feel at the end of a loooong day!

[@wedfrest]

I had to design a distillation column in my 3rd year design project. It was a complete nightmare ha ha. Have fun kids.

[@heavyweaponsguy21]

fantastic! you can do a whole episode about water treatment

[@jacobdoesstuff6178]

Crash course is such an inspiring channel! I love the variety of topics, and the way they mix live action video and graphics. It's been a big inspiration for my own channel, actually, and my videos are put together in a similar way, and tackle some similar topics. Though, of course I'm not nearly as professional as these guys yet, I've o ly just started. Anyway, I just wanted to thank you for creating something cool and inspiring, and I'm sure a lot of other people would say the same. You're really cool.

[@RangerRuby]

Wow! I never knew that there were 3 ways or more to separate chemicals. Or at least liquids. Engineering is awesome and I cannot wait for more Crash Course Videos! DFTBA!

[@dan1204hc]

Chemical Engineering, my friend! There are Solid-Solid Separations, Solid-Liquid Separations, Liquid-Liquid Separations, Gas-Liquid Separations and Gas-Liquid-Liquid Separations. Each of those have multiple ways of doing it, based on: polarity, density, size, boiling point, freezing(melting) point, electrical charge and one more that I forgot. Whichever is the most viable separation economically, physically and more recently, environmentally friendly, might determine the choice.

[@laurenzm6112]

Hey Guys, does anyone of you like to see a series about Artificial Intelligence coming from CC? I would love it!

[@antioch3784]

I love this series - all sorts of new and interesting things to learn about!

[@mariusk8457]

First Year Chemical Engineering stuff, very well explained. P.S. Imperial College London is the best))

[@6alecapristrudel]

That distillation column diagram gave me terrible flashbacks.... BEGONE DEMONIC EQUATIONS, I CONDEMN THEE TO AN EXCEL TABLE, NEVER TO BE LOOKED AT AGAIN!!!

[@Raj.madge078]

Love from New Zealand

[@andrejansen3281]

Pubg Pro Kia Ora!

[@SanctuaryReintegrate]

You could also add more pudding to lower the concentration of mustard.

[@rkpetry]

*_...left out centrifuges, like for separating uranium isotopes, (but you have gravity); left out matrix-matrix affinities where elements are very similar like for separating hydrogen from deuterium by metal matrix e.g. palladium prefers H>²H, (but you have solubility in liquid)..._* *_...(and long ago, there was a story about a woman trying to remove salt from her coffee)..._*

[@archetype101]

Can you guys start a geology series? :D

[@agentanderson1383]

Higher!

[@christinaolesen7442]

wow! because of the thumbnail, i really thought this was going to address social isolation in the modern world

[@loganl3746]

The liquid-liquid extraction sounded really simple and I had all of the materials required, so I tried a little demonstration. Procedure: I mixed 1 fluid oz each of olive oil and bourbon (40% abv) in a skinny clear jar, stirring with a chopstick. (I picked these because they both have distinctive colors from each other and the water.) I then poured in about 4 oz of water, 'rinsing' the oil/bourbon mixture, and mixed. Observations: The oil and bourbon don't form a solution like dissolving sugar into water might, but they did form a pond-mud-brown emulsion that didn't seem to be in danger of separating out anytime soon, unlike a bottle of italian dressing. This might have been because the bourbon was only 40% abv, so the water it contained prevented complete mixing. After adding the plain water and mixing, the oil got brighter green and its globules began fusing together again and the water turned light brown. Conclusion: Neat! Might try this again if I get a hold of some everclear. Here in Pennsylvania, you have to special order that stuff.

[@woled5318]

So, this is what my father do in Saudi Arabia. Me and my family live there because of his work there. After Seven years in Saudi Arabia, I finally learned what happens in my father' work.

[@breokaydude7575]

Can you do a course on European History please

[@bandblue09]

of course these videos get posted a year or two too late to help me in my chemE classes lmao

[@francoislacombe9071]

Fun fact. One cannot produce pure ethanol by the distillation of a water-ethanol mixture. The best one can get is just under 96% ethanol.

[@baltakatei]

Azeotropes!

[@baltakatei]

08:27 This is a bit too ambiguous. I think a better way to phrase it is "The solvent moves from the side with the lower solute concentration to the side with the higher solute concentration". The point of the semipermeable membrane is that it prevents the solute from flowing from the the side of higher solute concentration to the side of lower solute concentration; therefore the solvent moves instead; the driving force of this solvent flow is "osmotic pressure".

[@panik2475]

Capillary effect please

[@unleashingpotential-psycho9433]

That is crazy that only 2.5% of the Earth's water is fresh drinkable water and most of it is in glaciers.

[@ionxidegaming9353]

Most humans use their brains on useless conversations... Just like this! Or even to argue about something! Just like this! So when you say humans have brains for a reason, what's the exact reason?

[@ionxidegaming9353]

Anyways, if we used our smarts wisely, war wouldn't have happened in the first place. Evolution is happening but we compete with each other instead of working for a common goal? There's still racial tension, laws and e.t.c. We could ignore all of this to focus on a common goal... But why aren't we? Because we don't have the same perspective... Not everyone thinks about the importance of water, not everyone believe that the Earth is spherical (I know it's not a perfect sphere but more of a something), not everyone thinks of the importantance of racial harmony, not everyone thinks of using public transport... So I don't believe we have a brain for a reason...

[@6alecapristrudel]

The osmosis explanation sounds ambiguous or just plain wrong, the concentration of a solution refers to the amount of stuff dissolved in a solvent, not to the solvent itself. It moves from the side with less dissolved stuff in it to the side with more stuff in solution until concentrations equalize.

[@baltakatei]

I think it works if the "concentration" she is referring to is the solvent "concentration". As in "The solvent moves from the side of high solVENT concentration to the side of low solVENT concentration." But I think a less confusing way to word it would be "The solvent flows from the side of low solUTE concentration to the side of high solUTE concentration. The solvent is what has to flow since the semi-permeable membrane prevents the solute from flowing to achieve equilibrium."

[@6alecapristrudel]

Yep, that way it makes sense. Using solvent concentration is just not really meaningful when it comes to real applications since you'd still need additional information to figure out how much solute is in there. That's why the definition is what it is. Also the other chemists will give me weird looks if I use it lol.

[@somtomadueke240]

I think she should have said water potential instead because concentration can get people confused with solute concentration.

[@irwainnornossa4605]

OK, but what about separating different isotopes of given element?

[@MrDanayr16]

Cab some youtuber do the butterscotch pudding extraction please

[@dan1204hc]

You can work and research mass separation following the career of Chemical Engineering.

[@neveraskedforahandle]

HOW DO I GET THE MUSTARD OUT OF MY PUDDING

[@Heavy2deep]

Thank You Beautiful Engineer x

[@satansamael666]

Will we be exploring software engineering???

[@DracarmenWinterspring]

So basically reverse osmosis is a sieve?

[@r.m2621]

Memories of the dreaded ternary diagram for liquid-liquid extraction 😢

[@arthurdiserbeau1736]

The first two seperation techniques are taught at 14 years old to everyvody in France

[@BlueyMcPhluey]

I'm an engineering student in Australia and this was all new to me

[@kevinmcgeever7340]

Is that manuka honey?

[@pyruvatepersonage]

There are quite a few technical innacuracies in this video, but I suppose that it suffices for a crash-course video. For high school chemistry students, this seems quite useful, but if you are a ChemE student, I would suggest looking to another source for technically accurate information.

[@rishiprabhuram4368]

Is this a chemistry application to engineering. Cause we did cover the very basics and a lot of this crash course engineering video has some chemistry concepts like reversibility thermochemistry/thermodynamics.

[@marcgaela4709]

Rishi Prabhuram These are the some of the various unit operations that we deal with in Chemical Engineering, so yea, it is basically an application of our chemistry fundamentals in engineering :)

[@navnathbhagatlandscapephot1017]

Nice international

[@Tfin]

Well, now I'm left with mustard pudding. Thanks.

[@simlucien]

So alcohol IS a solution ! In your face, mom!

[@shahriariftekhar2558]

make videos about ethics, human rights, laws, and justice

[@JaimeNyx15]

How do I separate the apple from the worm, though? XP

[@paolotrinchieri2390]

Place the apple in a shallow dish with ethanol. When the worm comes out for a drink, quickly remove the apple. When done with gin, the process is called appletiniation.

[@JaimeNyx15]

That was exactly the sort of response I was hoping for. Thanks!

[@superitgel1]

So strange to hear a British accent here :D

[@brazenbunnies]

She sounds just like Carrie Anne. I wonder if they are related?

[@crowellovecraft7289]

Crashcourse is against mustards

[@crowellovecraft7289]

Am jk i love u guys

[@locabal8354]

McCabe Thiele intensifies*

[@bhumipatel5634]

Anyone in Biomedical Engineering ?

[@CHITRANSHSHARMA]

Looks like the animators left, Hire them back

[@Chikimingo]

well, apple it is then

[@annieandersson9463]

9:33 Diffusion? Doesn't she mean distilation?

[@baltakatei]

😍

[@AKNAM-cv4qu]

So gorgeous its hard to stay focused

[@sonofatlas1372]

Smart and pretty wow

[@HarryPotter-hf6bj]

Me the second

[@raisaraminnadia7833]

1st comment

[@vettaimannan2082]

9:34 it's distillation not diffusion....thank me later

[@flybeep1661]

Isn't she also the presenter on a different crash course topic? I'm guessing physics, too lazy to find out.