05 - Using P-Values in Hypothesis Testing (Compare P Value to Level of Significance)

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I can't really express in words how your lessons have made us understand the statistical concepts & theories in a more simple yet the perfect way, Thank you very much (I wish I had lecturers like you during my college days)

[@NitinGaur2014]

After wasting much time reading from books and university lecture slides, this is the BEST explanation I have found on why we use p-values. You are a brilliant teacher. There are teachers and there are teachers like you. All the best and thank you very much!

[@connertinkler]

You have no idea how easy you made this to understand for me. I am working on my master's degree. My professor is awful. Literally tossed us a book, gave us ridiculous amounts of homework, and never taught a single lesson, with no lectures and no assistance. Really appreciate great instructors like you that actually care enough to teach complex concepts to non-math whizzes like me.

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This dude is the Messiah of Math. This dude single handedly is about to save me from my stats final.

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[@kelvinella]

I wished I have someone like you explaining hypothesis testing 18 years ago. Thank you

[@garyx_5299]

The most brilliant explanation that I've found in youtube or any other book to answer the two questions: "Why do we reject the null hypothesis if p is less than or equal to alpha", and "What level of significance can we reject the null hypothesis". Great work Sir, thank you!

[@quingquing803]

Honesty, I've been struggling to understand the concept of p-values when I took my research paper during the 12th grade. I read a pile of research papers published online and have indeed encountered this esoteric idea about confirming the rejection of null hypothesis using the p-value computed. ONLY, Only when I watched on this video when I finally understood what this idea tries to imply. It took me a lot of days and months and even years figuring this out on my own, since this wasn't discussed really "in depth" during my senior high school years, and it's a total loss for me as a current college student. But now, finally, I am grateful that I have finally understood what, why, and how to compute p-values. I could now relates what certified researchers try to say in their papers published online. Kudos to this great teacher or statistician (I suppose) who made this abstract concept get discussed in a demystified manner a typical freshman student can easily comprehend in less than an hour. Thank you so much, and this means a lot to me, seriously.😊

[@MathAndScience]

Glad to help!

[@prashanttyagi1162]

I hardly comment , but after struggling for so long trying to understand hypothesis testing. I'm glad someone introduced me to you . The least I can do is comment . Remarkable progress in my understanding

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you are a life saver. my stats teacher never taught us conclusions for the P test, and I would’ve gotten so many wrong on the test if it wasnt for this video

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Only the true mastering of knowledge enables someone to be this brilliant to teach.

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You have explained p-value, a very important concept, in clear and simple way and it greatly helped us to understand it. Thank you very much for your work!

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I have my mid term in 15hrs - after spending the last 7 weeks feeling like a goose THANK YOU so much !!

[@MathAndScience]

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@@chrrymshrms yes passed with flying colors- thankyou!!

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Wow... P-hacking explained without using the term P-hacking. Very clear and insightful. Thank you.

[@itzelouise8714]

😅

[@venugopalt6861]

really being a machine learning engineer i was getting tough on this hypothesis testing but your tutorial has made this understanding clear

[@MrHunk-dx6vy]

Why didn't i discover this man earlier in my semester class of Business Statistic? I have failed every exam. My final exam is covering Hypothesis Testing. The Finals will determine if i will pass or fail the class.Thanks to you! I have learn more about hypothesis testing. Please come and replace my statistic's professor.

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I am clearly one of many who have great appreciation for the perfect explanation and clarification beyond many professor's explanations! Thank you!!

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Brilliant explanation .... I was trying to understand p-value concept for my Machine Learning and your p-value series cleared all my misconception.

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Love how you repeat everything.

[@MrDeadlyCrow]

Yea, exactly. And my understanding hit the bell after several repetitions.... lol :D but finally got it!

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I learned way more from you then I have from spending $3,000 across 3 different courses and professors. Thank you!

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all the videos are aweesomee... so many online materials, I finally ended my search here, thank you so much. :)

[@JS19190]

The candy-examples are awesome. He really explains why(!) you actually need p-values, and he does it in a way so that it really sinks in. Fantastic, just fantastic.

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I usually don't write comments. but this video really deserved it. "EXTREMELY HELPFUL". Thank you :)

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[@shreyasharma9588]

I cant thank you enough for explaining the intuitive meaning. Because if I cant get the intuitive feeling then it is difficult for me to do the problem and no where i found such an apt explaination. I am feeling quite confident now about the p-values. Thank you soooo much.

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I can't express my gratitude for this channel. Finally the theories are explained and not like in many statistics courses, recommended to be memorised.

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...I have a 99% confidence level this is one of the best confidence-level / P-value videos on KZbin...

[@MathAndScience]

Awwww thanks!

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It's kinda worrying that i couldn't understand my professor nor other youtubers in my native language but totally get what you've just explained. Thank you very much.

[@MathAndScience]

So happy you liked it! Jason, MathAndScience.com

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It took me a little time and at first I thought this was dragged out, I stayed with it and and now I'm glad I did, the concept is so clear, I doubt anything can confuse me in the future. If you blindly plug in numbers into a formula that knowledge lasts only long enough for me to past the next test, this will last a life-time.

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The best explanation ever after watching so many videos and articles. Thank you!!

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You great man have given a mind blowing very lucid explanation to clear my years of misunderstanding of this subject. You really see the subject from inside. Thank you very much.

[@celinazhou4831]

I just wanna say: thank you, you saved my day. "you all should know it before you get in this class" that's what my professor said in today's class, unfortunately, I took it four years ago and forgot most of it.

[@MathAndScience]

Thank you!

[@thismoment9897]

@@MathAndScience could you plzzz upload all stat videos again completely

[@bilisami]

Thank You Sir! Your explanation is so clear and easy to understand. I got to say that you are just gifted in explaining things in exaclty they supposed to be explained.

[@flyfast3837]

wow! it was a revelation! i was struggling to understand the alpha for quite a time - now i get it! you can go backwards for it and make a conclusion about the level of confidence

[@siddhantkaushal7669]

Where on earth were you.. What a fabulous way of teaching. I almost watched every video of your hypothesis testing. Kudos MASTER

[@SabrinaXe]

9:07 p value, critical value, & test statistic Critical value: is a threshold Test statistic: a summary 1 number that represents all the aspects of your data P value: probability of getting a value more extreme than ur sample data (than ur test statistic) 16:40

[@csprusty]

After seeing this video.. now it's very crystal clear, which is not possible by reading just books. Thanks a lot.

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Am I mean if I say that most of statistics professors fail to teach statistics simply and clearly than you do? So, please continue your great work for KZbin learners.

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even though the video is 29 minutes...it is n't boring at all!!!that's awesome..tq for making me understand!!

[@ShreyasSinha]

Amazing video - Finally understood the concept of p - values. p - values is area. [ Understood that clearly from this video ] Null Hypothesis is based on which probability has more areas and we reject or fail to reject the statement based on the area of the probability.

[@luisleon7051]

Very well explained. I had these concepts misunderstood since I was in the university and now I need them for my job. Congratulations

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Wonderfully explained. Really Appreciate it. FYI, I am learning the basics of Stats for Machine Learning and am sure this knowledge (intuition) i got from your views would come to my rescue, when I get the (Aspiring) Data Scientist Job. My Gratitude, Guru Ji.

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Same here😁

[@samruddhideshmukh5928]

Best explanation so far...it cleared my burden of doubt that I was carrying from quite a long time now.

[@estifanosghebrihiwet]

It is really very simple and clear lecture and made the main problem in my mind the p-value went away. Thanks a lot.

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really really really really liked your video sir, i'm attention to detail guy and if dont understand the core concept, I cannot memorize the answers or working ways. Thanks for sharing the concepts with this level of details it really helped

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i am slow in understanding statistics and your videos and your way of teaching is the best for many students like me. Thank you

[@1348babakjoonable]

It was a question always that how we can find the actual level of confidence in the real manufacturing, here I found my answer, very nice and clear . Thanks

[@laeeqahmed1980]

Yes, but it also looks little biased to chose confidence based on p-value. Off-course we need to find confidence that we can tell others.

[@Noname_7775]

Brilliant explanation!!! I really liked your clear explanation and justification. I was very confused by the p-value. After this lesson, I fully understood what the p-value is. Thank you so much. Personally, I recommend people to subscribe his channel.

[@VikasKumar-yl3td]

This lecture is just like a very interesting movie, most of the thing I started filming in my mind, thank you so much.Teacher, Respect from an Indian

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2:23 to 12:20 helped me so much, thanks a bunch!

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You're the best instructor because my problem already solved

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Wow..! Finally I found the best explanation about Hypothesis testing and P-Values and the best of all, I finally understood the concept. Thank you very much..!!

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Yes! You are absolutely right. Teachers and books can be frustrating sometimes. But you made it so easy to understand. Thanks!!!

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Finally I know what Hypothesis testing and P-Values are.. You are Awesome sir.!. Thanks a ton !

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This was a wonderful explanation with great examples. Thank you for simplifying this for my brain to absorb. I wish I had come across your videos sooner because this semester sure has been a struggle!!

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Your videos have offered a lot of clarity to me, thank you!

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The whole series was awesome, best teaching i ever had seen. thank you

[@teyota1662]

This is indeed awesome explanation. Many thanks for your clear and good teaching skills. God bless you.

[@juanbogarin1774]

Great explanation. The P value was always there in front of my eyes. Thank you for your master explanation.

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Thanks so much. You teach with passion and understanding.

[@Aikman94]

He is what a committed teacher looks like: giving crystal-clear explanations

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You are a wonderful teacher of these types of things. Thanks you

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Incredible teaching! The way you explained was really awesome and interesting. We need more teachers like you!!

[@mekonnenassegu6746]

My experience in making hypothesis: A statistics book published in 1965 had really been my best experience as it simplifies both null and alternative hypothesis. Ho: Most unlikely to find/occur, etc Ha: What researchers need to achieve at the end of their research. The other is what also "practical significance" mean to statistical significance.

[@harjotsinghsaini1085]

What is your name, sir? I can't be more thankful for building such solid concepts. I am overwhelmed with gratitude for you. Thank you very much!

[@Aikman94]

His name is Jason Gibson, former NASA engineer.

[@jaydipbhattacharyya4488]

Excellent teaching .Cleared a lot of things in mind.Great..

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I was looking forward to the next follow up video.. All your videos were great

[@divyanshisharma4044]

Awesome awesome awesome!! I have been stuck on this concept of pvalue since 3 days now and so much frustrated...watched couple of videos read so many articles...but I'm so grateful to you and this video that it made me understand the concept pretty well...thanks a lot :)

[@MathAndScience]

Welcome!

[@atulinamdar8425]

Very nicely explained. Sincere Teacher. Great asset. Thanks. Best wishes to him

[@yorisyya]

Just want to say a big thank you to you sir for helping me out for my statistics classes.

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Best video on the internet. Thanks professor.

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SO SO SO helpful for some last minute help in my biostatistics class... better than my professor

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Good teacher.any one who study UR-CE,can shake me .I thanks this man

[@paulbany6603]

Thank you so for sharing this inspiring video that makes the p-values in hypothesis testing more easier to understand.

[@ximenaze8242]

You are great teacher, very well explained. Thank you so much for sharing.

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This is one of the best explanations on hypothesis testing and P values. Great work!

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Apart from what you teach, which is AWESOME of course, personally, I really like your personality I guess, and your energy of teaching. I think you like teaching, and to be it is obvious. At least it is for about 12 years that you are teaching, and of course I do respect to you very much. Thank you very much for everything Sir, you are amazing. Wish the best for you Arman

[@MathAndScience]

Such an awesome message, thank you so much!

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I have learn more things after watching your lecture. thank you very much.

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Your teaching is awesome...I was scared of this topic...You made it soo clear....Thank you so much sir

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[@ericgrosch8073]

16:42 The question is, as I should ask, "Why do we learn p-values? I mean, didn't the rejection-region work perfectly fine when we were doing all these problems, with the solving them? Everything was great. Why did we stop and invent this new thing, which, admittedly, is the same thing, but, in this kind of different way of thinking about it. Why do we even do that and why is it more common to see that in real-life, statistical papers? The answer is, ... it lets you choose the level of significance, alpha, that you need to reject the null-hypothesis... Whenever you use p-value, it lets you easily choose your own level of significance, alpha, that you need to reject the null-hypothesis...Why do you think people do hypothesis-testing? ... 17:54 I want to go into the meeting and be a rock-star and say, "Look, guys, II showed you that the candy-bar machine doesn't work. They're making the candy-bars too long." ... 18:03 The way we've done all the problems, so far, is, I've specified a level of significance, which you can think of as a level of confidence, . 18:30 I told you, "if you move that level of confidence around, in fact, that playing with alpha, I can basically get it to accept or reject .., kinda, I can make it do whatever I want." The lecturer describes scientific fraud. This is a dishonest procedure that invalidates his experiment. Scientific integrity demands that the investigator must specify the level of significance, in advance, to which his experiment is to adhere and let the data fall where it may, along the z-score line and on the bell-shaped curve. If the area under the curve in the tail mandates that he must accept the null-hypothesis, in accordance with the level of significance that he chose, in advance, then accept he must, full stop. He must reject his alternative hypothesis and live with that conclusion. If his experiment has scientific significance and does not address trivialities such as candy-bars, his acceptance of the null-hypothesis does NOT mean that he should withhold the write-up of his experiment from publication because his experiment is a "failure." It's not a failure at all. His contribution to science is just as important when he has to accept the null-hypothesis as when his data mandate his rejection of the null-hypothesis. Editors of scientific journals also need to understand that. If editors accept only articles for publication that "succeed," i.e.. that feature rejection of the null-hypothesis, when authors willfully manipulate their decisions, as the lecturer describes, then science becomes polluted with dishonestly manipulated results and create false impressions of efficacy of various treatments and false impressions of other scientific results. Even for industrial experiments involving lengths of candy-pars or inner diameters of gear-wheels or strengths of camera-shutter springs, etc., willfully manipulated results distort perceptions of corporate decision-makers and may lead to ruination of companies and loss of their profits.

[@felsner1]

A deep and heartfelt thank you for this!

[@bhaskardasgupta3503]

Very lucid explanation. Deserves a big thanks.

[@MathAndScience]

I really appreciate it! Jason, MathAndScience.com