02 - What is a Transformer & How Does it Work? (Step-Up & Step-Down Transformer Circuits)

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In this lesson, we will learn about the circuit element know as the transformer. Transformers use the phenomena of mutual inductance to generate a voltage in a secondary coil when a nearby primary coil is excited by a sinusoidal current.
The primary coil generates a magnetic field which interacts with the secondary coil and generates the secondary voltage. The physical law that explains this is known as Faraday's law from physics.
Transformers are used to increase or decrease a secondary voltage at the expense (tradeoff) of the secondary current.