Understanding Plate Tectonics

[@hamal4255]

transform boundaries 04:24 convergent boundaries 06:07 divergent boundaries 08:40 hot spot 11:36

[@himanshuchauhan2304]

This is by far the best example that plate tectonic can be explained in simple terms.

[@Anatoly-Cherep]

Erroneous plate tectonics has been explained in simple terms. Great! The Earth gradually expands, and geoscientists should contemplate about this phenomenon.

[@dekumidoriya7583]

@@Anatoly-Cherep ... Ok?

[@quadruplea6766]

My teacher made us watch this in class, but when I watched it at home, I got a way way better understanding of this at home. Thank you.

[@pstroehler]

btw i beat my son

[@AURAXKIRA]

@@pstroehler lmao

[@444post]

this is my earth science teacher

[@shaileshkumarmishra7735]

Then, you are really lucky one

[@imdarkchocolate4291]

You are so LUCKY!!!!!!

[@Amberwood243]

I feel bad for you. He clearly does not have a degree in geology.

[@WhatDuhDogDoin]

@@Amberwood243 Why do you feel that way?

[@neilnambiar4025]

@@Amberwood243 Well, he may not have a degree in geology, but at least he's not as dense as some rocks out there.

[@ireneyoung8696]

For an amateur like me,interested in geology,These lessons are the greatest.Thankyou.

[@satyajeetjadhav6405]

The easiest way I had found on KZbin....Please Keep Doing the video like this...They are so helpful and easy to understand.

[@frost9734]

I have never understood anything better than this video right here

[@sagarkumargupta1183]

Informative and intelligible content. Thank you.

[@ThomasStevensontutor]

Hi Michael! I wanted to take a moment to thank you for all your excellent Geology videos. They have been a huge help in teaching the subject, especially the theory of plate tectonics, and are far better quality than any others I've seen on KZbin. Awesome work!

[@nickush7512]

There is an excellent book called Tectonic Processes, cannot remember who by. It is mainly where I learned about plate Tectonics a few decades ago. But all of the essentials in a twelve minute video, so succinctly and intellegently delivered is nothing short of a masterpiece, thank you so much, really enjoyed that refresher.

[@brunettem6157]

You are such life safer I have exam of geology next Tuesday And you saved me tons of hours to study and memorize my notes

[@mikesammartano]

Hope you did well!

[@savestacodm495]

who else is here watching because the teacher gives to watch it

[@Vlogswithcaelie]

Mee

[@Girly_girl730]

Me😂😂

[@abigailpenadilone]

Fr like I’m not trying to write a whole paper on this

[@kelvinxyz]

No i gotta teach myself the stuff because my teacher is bad at teaching

[@abigailpenadilone]

@@kelvinxyz 😭

[@dittagallai4591]

I really like your physical geography videos. I keep using them in my classes. Thanks a lot for sharing.

[@rebeccamasinde6662]

about to go back to school ...this has really helped makes more sense than my geography books

[@katherinestakeways8149]

I got to watch this video while I am studying TOEFL geology part, which made me crazy, and you helped me fully understand plate tectonics and hot spots with an easy explanation and amazing corresponding animations! Thank you so much!!!!!

[@jessicabrown7984]

I have a test tomorrow and this helped a lot, thank you

[@melkorkamatthiasdottir7188]

I always let my students watch this as I teach geology in Iceland. Its good English to understand and the moving convergent pictures are great. Thank you very much.

[@АнатолийЧереповскийосейсморазв]

Don't teach the plate tectonics "theory". It's comletely wrong. I do support the hypotheses of the Earth expansion and mass increase. We surely don't understand the history and the future of the planets and stars.

[@gabor6259]

I think this is the best video on the topic on YT.

[@TheSpringwater88]

The best video I have found on plate tectonics. Thank you.

[@theSisBroChannel]

i'm actually watching your vids to prepare me for a geology olympic. So thank you so much for making these high quality vids.

[@commandosaa9244]

been a while since you wrote this comment

[@ananthu278]

Its been 7 years and I didn't find anything better than this even now

[@arpitsingh333]

Hi ...M from India nd this is the best explanation ever..♥️

[@manchesterunited_Supremacy]

Thank you hopefully this will help me with my test tomorrow

[@muskanmishra5581]

One of the best lectures for studying types of plate boundary with real examples

[@RishabhMall]

Love how you've explained the theories - both this one and continental drift. Thank you for doing these :-)

[@tmillchr]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/pXvJc4aZa8pqh7M

[@authybonita6867]

Mind Blownnnn i finally understood everything my teacher was blabbering about in class. Thank youuu

[@Orion225]

That hotspot region making chain of islands was mind-blowing.

[@tyanssunglasses]

Thank you very very much, your channel has helped me ALOT LOT LOT in my final exams they are really simple and easy to understand thanks again!

[@muhammadhamza7095]

thank you sir Mr. Mike Sammartano

[@sattarahmedkhan5676]

every video of you is really helpful. may god bless you and help you in every single situation.......

[@liriomaevecina5664]

I wonder why other videos have more views than yours. You explain very well the topic. Hope you could make more science videos. Your video is really helpful especially for visual learners.

[@kevichutochale1610]

My salutation to you. Everything is perfectly presented. Clarity, simple English defining the words, the flow charts and maps perfectly illustrated. Thanks a lot for the knowledge. 👍

[@mikesammartano]

Thanks for the nice comments!!

[@imessupeverything2756]

most useful vid ive ever watched on tectonic plates

[@alicegreenall7558]

Great Video. Made it so easy to understand!

[@saffirechanning7286]

I find all of this simply fascinating! It's like the Earth, just like Human Beings, is a LIVING ENTITY onto itself! Yes, just like people, the Earth is always CHANGING and never stays the SAME!

[@3ttrebor]

I'm preparing a Geography lesson for my Grandsons 2nd grade class, because they don't teach Geography in his school. So this is where I'm doing my research and learning, learning and learning soooo many interesting facts for free. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with me.

[@mehakmalhotra1013]

This cleared all my doubts! Thank you so much for this informative video!

[@persevererjoy6465]

The people who disliked the video just aren't caring enough or they are neglecting their studying, testing, education, or Earth's facts and they can't obtain knowledge because they don't care about scientific things. They probably will not do good on science tests/quizzes/assignments You know!

[@PriyankaChauhan-iq4bc]

May be flat earther ones dislikes

[@vicentesantacruz8677]

It really helped me on some homework thank you

[@shyoncolor]

Excellent presentation !

[@MsLance22]

amazing amazing amazing video!!!! Going to save it for my kids so that they too could have the better concepts about the plate tectonics. Thank you so much!

[@marioroque1849]

Very easy comprehension and well explained, loads of information. One of the best I ever watched about the subject.

[@srinidhiseshadri8032]

You explain a lot things way better than my teacher . Pls make videos on how to answer questions on the Earth Science's regents.

[@alungilendzamela6158]

Wow this lecture was so helpful..l coun't find the one that could explain clearly. The fact that everything you just said is simplified and understandable

[@robinswamidasan]

Wow, you are a great teacher.

[@aracelilopez1660]

Thank you! I learned so much more from you than from my instructor and reading combined.

[@TheWheelchairGuy]

Better than my teacher. Thanks

[@besalinamassing7283]

really helped me a lot with my revision. I salute you!

[@villasalanio6698]

The best explanation! Thanks for sharing!

[@ronafter7849]

thank you u have saved me I have a test on these.

[@kotawilson8939]

Thank you for this video! I also watched your video about Alfred Wegener and Continental drift. This helped me with my science project. Thank you!

[@vtvrvxy4373]

Thank you so much for this. I wish you could've been my science teacher. This helped me understand the lesson we're currently working on, a whole lot better.

[@rickcharlespersonal]

I don't know if the students fully appreciated this, but this is very helpful to a worldbuilder like me who's trying to design their own planet.

[@marclinquist5558]

Part 1 Hello Mike, I have enjoyed your video on plate tectonics. And I found it far too important to not stop and comment on this subject. And more specifically, an opportunity to express an opinion as to the true and accurate description of the mechanism involved. It’s interesting when you consider how much the standard model is dependent on the mantle having a convection regime. The great Arthur Holmes is credited to its acceptance in geology and the suggestion it could be the missing energy source to drive the tectonic plates. But, he also readily admitted it could be wrong. To date there is no direct observable evidence of the mantle having an up welling of lower density material resembling a convective cell or even a conveyor belt type of mantle movement beneath the tectonic plates. The standard model is only speculative in these regards. But even more importantly, the surface observations over the years have continually presented evidence of a mechanism of plate movement far different than what convection could provide. The mantle appears instead to be a solid state material that is 2,900 km thick, with pressures so great that at only 100 to 250 kilometers carbon can be squeezed into a diamond matrix. There are now a growing number of researchers who are skeptical of the standard model’s over-dependence on such an overly simplistic idea. Prof. Don L. Anderson of the Caltech seismological lab., had with many other geologists made critical assessment of the standard model. authors.library.caltech.edu/25038/122/Chapter%201.%20Origin%20and%20early%20history.pdf New Theory of the Earth Anderson, Don L. (2007) New Theory of the Earth. Cambridge University Press , New York. ISBN 9780521849593. @t "Because of the combined effects of temperature and pressure on physical properties, shallow stratification may be reversible - leading to plate tectonics - while deep dense layers may be trapped at depth." "Conventional (Rayleigh- Benard) convection theory may have little to do with plate tectonics." Convection is so poorly defined that it is difficult to consider it even a viable working hypothesis unless there is some direct observable evidence that it can make anything resembling a prediction of observation. Carlo Doglioni, the geophysicist and former president of the Italian Geological Society, and since April 2016, the president of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology has published some very remarkable papers in regard to mantle dynamics and plate tectonics. www.dst.uniro...antle_Dynamics_ MANTLE DYNAMICS AND PLATE KINEMATICS Carlo Doglioni, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Roberto Sabadini, University of Milan, Italy ". . . . . none of the proposed models of mantle convection can account for the simpler pattern in plate motion we observe at the surface, nor has a unique solution been proposed for how material in the mantle convects. At the moment there is no way to link mantle dynamics and plate kinematics at the surface, considering that the mantle and lithosphere are detached. The Atlantic and Indian ridges are in fact moving apart with respect to Africa, proving not to be fixed both relative to each other and relative to any fixed point in the mantle. This evidence confirms that ocean ridges are decoupled from the underlying mantle." This remarkable observation above expresses the reality of the situation. Geologists need convection to be a viable solution to plate movement, but after 90 years, its existence, let alone its functionality, remains unanswered in the standard model. www.electroplatetectonics.com/

[@alvanortiz10]

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[@JessicaLeche]

Thank you so much for posting this! I also found the content on your website incredibly helpful.

[@shaileshkumarmishra7735]

Thanks, very clear, informative and have explained the points which we really need to understand.

[@shaileshkumarmishra7735]

Sir, please make some videos on other topics also

[@MyPOVvlogs]

Can I trade you for my current earth science professor? lol You explain everything so much better.

[@Michael-bg1tr]

Thanks for the answers for my homework

[@treedog25]

Hi Michael, if you type in flow tectonics in KZbin, you can see my hastily done videos that summarizes the expands on your plate tectonics video. Some of the highlights is that the Earths convection currents are driven and organized by the magnetosphere and it's magnetic flux flows. This means Magma Mass Stratification moves south to north on the crust and north to south through the interior of the earth. Case in point you see almost exclusively divergent plate activity south of the equator and convergent plate activity north of the equator. The big exception is mid-Atlantic Ridge which diverges to add lots of crustal material to a increasing global circumference that the emerging crust needs as the creeps from the South Pole to the equator. But once the crust creeps past the equator in the crush starts to set in on the landmass as it crowds upon itself in the northern hemisphere. this is why there is more landmass in the northern hemisphere in the southern hemisphere. This is why most of the trenches are in the northern hemisphere. The exception to that is around Australia which is kind of stuck against China and blocking the flow of the crust as it emerges from the South Pole. Anyway please see my video and critique it. I think if anybody could, you could. thank you very much. P.S. The changing Earth poles shown in the rock magnetic orientation of the mid-Atlantic Ridge spread shows how when the sun changes its polarity the earth changes its polarity under the sun's influence. The sun being so big can have a core eruption that polarize itself opposite of the core as it travels to the surface. This means the surface of the sun will throw off a opposite magnetosphere for time until a core flow of continuity can emerge behind it to re-throw the magnetosphere back into a polarity the same with the core. Expanding a little further out on that, there may be electric, magnetic and radiative fields found within our solar system and our galaxy that affects our sun rhythmically as we whirl upon the spiral arm of the Milky Way. Anyhow, back to flow tectonics on earth, I look forward to hearing from any feedback I can get.

[@LightFantasyKnight]

Johnathan, hello. Can I ask, if you are a professional geologist, geophysicist or another earth studies scientist?

[@ayush8084]

My goodness I didn't even realise how 12 minutes ended.... Great lecture sir 👍💛

[@guharup]

Small doubt: I always knew the mantle was below the astheosphere. Very helpful video, cleared up so many things.

[@salimmazid9948]

Asthenosphere is a part of the upper mantle

[@gerardograna]

Hi, I found this video very interesting. I´m teacher at the Maza University in Mendoza, Argentina. I´m interested about adding spanish subs to this video. If do you agree, I can do it with your authorization. I hope it will be very useful to my class of Hydrogeology, where I need some Geology basics, for my students. Thanks a lot!

[@joegallagher1842]

Well done. Really terrific.

[@rawrsophiex]

I wish you were my teacher

[@georgem1416]

:£/9/93

[@ezekielespayos9608]

Thanks for teaching!!!

[@tribal7257chief]

this is best explaination 😊 Thanks Mike sir❤

[@waynegabler6570]

Your vid is one of the better ones I have watched and perhaps my comments will cover some possibilities that apply that might be a little or a lot different. 4:15 and the global map of the rifts, I will focus on a few but all act the same basic way. The Pacific ring of fire pushed magma to the center as well as away from the ring’s perimeter. The flow that goes to the center meets under Hawaii and that is the source of the lava rather than it sits above a rising plume of hit magma. The lava that comes out is as cold as the material that flow up at the rifts and travels along the bottom of the crust until it meets the flow coming from the opposite side of the ‘ring of fire’. Even after rising through 5km of solidified magma it still is at 2,000F so the magma that descends to replace the rising magma is also that same temp so the flow along the bottom of the crust is hot and very fluid and that means the same upward pressure at the rifts is matched by a force that is pulling the crust down with enough force it dips the whole area. Hawaii has a ring that is deeper right beside the volcano that a few 100 miles away, by about 1,000 ft and if the area was under a rising plume the volcano shape would go out without any dip being there. The flow that goes east from the Pacific Rift stays with the crust until a line from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico is reached as that is the place that magma, which came up at the Pacific and Atlantic Rifts, is descending. If those places are put on a line (Japan to France) that was to scale you would have lines with up arrows at both sides of the ‘ring of fire’ and at the Atlantic Rift, you would have down arrows at Hawaii and the Great Lakes and the magma going east from the Atlantic Rift is under farther under the continent than France is. France would be like BC is and she is 1/5 of the distance before the magma descends. As those lines go from the crust to the outer core they transition several layers of magma that is denser and hotter than the layer above. That means the rising magma closest to the core rises to that first boundary and then splits as it hit the crust and it flows sideways until it is at the descending lined and it descends and flows along the core where it picks up more heat and rises again. It transfers heat into the layer above it and that layer does the very same pattern and rises and falls along the same lines. The last layer to receive and transfer heat is the material right next to the crust, the hottest being about 3,000F and the coolest about 2,000F. The Pacific Rift off the coast of BC is where it is after being active for 200M years, the original crack was where the Alberta/BC border is and the moving magma that flowed to the easy moved the Rift that much and mud was scraped off that poled up and became the land that is BC today. BC will get more land as the Rift continues to spread and move to the west. The east side of the Rift expanded a lot more because the weight of the continental crust was a lot of resistance to the flow went to the side that had the least. Several 1,000km later the forces were equal and the material flowed in both directions. Not all the mud was scraped off and the material that did get trapped was heated and baked under pressure and when it came under the thinner crust that is Alberta it rose as oil and gas and coal. The Icelandic part of the Rift that flows under France is pulling the UK out into the ocean and that land will eventually gets pulled under as the rift eats away at the continental shelf that the UK sits on. The shelf that come out from Canada’s east coast might have has some assistance from the meeting of the 2 magma flows under that line mentioned earlier. The important about them is that elevation can be used to divide ‘brittle crust’ from ‘liquid crust’. That piece if land mat explain why a volcano isn’t where the outflows meet like it is with Hawaii, the crust was too thick to break through. The Yellowstone magma chamber is stable as long as it is magma, if a big blob of natural gas rose into it that would cause it to become a big bomb more or less. Where do I submit a bid to add the needed ‘venting’??

[@siririshisam]

Wayne Gabler r/iamverysmart

[@suvarnagaikwad5692]

Loved it ❤

[@dawlelemyint6842]

Very clear explanation. Thank you Mr. Sammartano!!

[@mariemelgabry4305]

thank you very much for refreshing the concepts in such a simple way :)

[@giannihenson8253]

Very good video, clear and detailed. Used this to repass for a geology exam instead of reading my notes over and over again.

[@natalieheath2726]

Thank you so much that was bloody fantastic i understood everything you said 👍i wish you had been my teacher at school ,well done 👍

[@tmillchr]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/pXvJc4aZa8pqh7M

[@oliviaxu3617]

Very clearly!! Thank you so much.

[@Justzazzz]

My teacher 👨‍🏫 love his teaching

[@EgoGraalEra]

Z. Zahraa nice

[@msmia5167]

You helped me with my homework.

[@nthumara6288]

thank youuuu sir tomorrow i am having exam on plate tectono this is really helpfull

[@JaneWuri-uq9qj]

Thank you for this clear explanation

[@koksinglau2494]

You explain so well and the animation is just great. The result is a great learning experience. Tq

[@mikesammartano]

Thank you so much 😀

[@nuoiptertermer4484]

What I thought about subduction volcanoes, was that magma of them was generated by water released by the subducted plate, because the water lowered the melting point of hot rock and caused it to melt, rather than the magma being the melted plate.

[@sonybrownmarpaung4694]

Nice explanation..i am geologist from Indonesia

[@AnuraagSaysHi]

Thanks mr Mike

[@lisaholt-taylor4466]

What a great video! Thanks for posting.

[@mikesammartano]

Thanks! Let me know if you have any specific topics you'd like me to cover!

[@lovedub2512]

Best explanation

[@Pookie_Octopus]

Thank you for this , it really helped ⭐

[@wahaajkawkabi6010]

Thank you Mr michael, it was very beneficial.

[@aaronbhagwan9308]

This is so much BETTER than Books. Am I Right?

[@derrenk3873]

awesome dude

[@simeonmba7261]

I listen to get this information into my subconscious, listen more and you'll remember like they're musical lyrics

[@sheperdmudoveri6140]

wow .. you make me feel good all the time ...

[@awaisahmad8351]

You explain very well... Great Job !

[@markheifner8082]

Thanks for the video. Great work!

[@anu3055]

Could you elaborate more on seafloor magnetism? I didn't quite understand how the rocks got reverse polarities.

[@salimmazid9948]

1) earth has its own magnetic field 2) magma comes out of mid oceanic ridges. It contains iron and nickel. 3) the iron and nickel allign themselves inside the molten magma according to earth's magnetism 4) magma solidifies and the orientation is recorded 5) earth's magnetic poles keep changing position, even reverses 6) every such change is recorded by the rocks of that age

[@vijaysharmageol]

thanks a lot for brushing up of my concepts again..!!

[@PdgwjoT5538]

great video thanks man!

[@farhatjaved3874]

Great stuff. So easily to follow.

[@monjishroy9236]

I hope you keep on making such awesome videos.

[@ahenism]

Well explained. Thanks

[@mikesammartano]

No problem!

[@jenniferjohnson5766]

Sir your video are very benificial .... It would be great if u make one for the ocean floor configuration....

[@ExoticEgyptianBeauty]

You’re saving my GPA 😫🙏🏽

[@tmillchr]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/pXvJc4aZa8pqh7M

[@betaversion9654]

@@tmillchr bot?

[@ansar3139]

Many thanks for your wonderful and very informative video.