A Tour of Earth's Ancient Supercontinents

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Written & Researched by Leila Battison. Check out her channel:-
/ @somethingincredible
Video edited by Pete Kelly. Check out his channel:-
/ @petekellyhistory
Narration by David Kelly. Check out his channel:-
/ @voicesofthepast
Thumbnail Art by Ettore Mazza
Artwork by Khail Kupsky
Subscribe to History of the Universe:-
/ @historyoftheuniverse
References:
books.google.co.uk/books?id=C....[…]tinents.+Oxford++Oxford+UP,+2004.+Print.&pg=PP1&redir_esc=y
geography.name/continentality/
www.culturematters.org.uk/ind...
www.scientificamerican.com/ar...
www.planetary.org/articles/th...
science.nasa.gov/science-news...
blogs.scientificamerican.com/...
archive.org/details/Theosophy...
www.scotese.com/
Image credits:-
Daderot - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
USGS- earthquake.usgs.gov/data/crus...
pubs.usgs.gov/publications/tex...
en:User:Booyabazooka -
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia...
Jo Weber - Foto des alpidischen Gebirgsgürtels
DiBgd - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauropo...
NASA / USGS - www.mapaplanet.org/explorer/ma...

[@benjimoomoo]

Remember when the Discovery Channel used to make docos this good? This is actually incredible. Thank you

[@desertman3326]

Before the elite gave orders to dumb down the population

[@brianjensen5661]

No

[@BDayGhostie]

@@brianjensen5661 how no?

[@PeppaJackable]

You can find em on every streaming service now.

[@blainebunton]

I go to the history channel for my daily dose of lies. It should be labeled as a fictional channel full of lies and deceit.

[@jamesyahoo4758]

Imagine a crack forming and slowly growing at about the rate of a growing fingernail and it grows grows and becomes the Atlantic Ocean. Nuts

[@friedpickles342]

Why is that nuts? Earth is alive.. Just like you and I. It hiccups and farts pisses and poops. Gets injuries and heals. God is great

[@Username-wm9vu]

@@friedpickles342 so u think that happaned in 6000 years?

[@friedpickles342]

@@Username-wm9vu who knows. .

[@scpdatabase969]

@@friedpickles342 this video would say that we know it didn’t. How can you read that fact and then go “god is great” when the math doesn’t add up Edit: I am getting replies a year later still. @ the guy below who said I am bullying him for no reason. This guy is supporting Creationist theory in a Scientific Video discussing continental drift, which literally goes against his 'who knows' statement. If he wants to express his beliefs, go ahead, but you should expect pushback if you are expressing those beliefs on a space specifically commenting about this SCIENTIFIC video. If he has some scientific evidence to support his faith, please go ahead.

[@kermitthemutantlevitatingf7836]

@@scpdatabase969 believing in God doesn't mean you believe the Bible verbatim

[@sanfordfaden3930]

All well-deserved compliments, but no mention of the real star, writer and researcher, Leily Battison. Absolutely tops.

[@Ipbulldog]

Dear Leila: You are a wonderful script writer and dedicated researcher! Thank you for a wonderful program.

[@xyzct]

Agreed. Absolutely fantastic.

[@adamweidenfeller8819]

Dude I can't believe this is done better than any network over the last 15 years, and with a budget I can only imagine is a fraction of a percentage of what they have to work with. Liking and sharing every video I can, cuz I wanna see what this guy can do on a big boy budget

[@xjohnny1000]

I work for "big tv" and quality does not scale with budget. Running a network and producing 100 shows at once takes a ton of money for salaries, camera crews, overhead, licensing, etc. No one is really paid to care too much about each show unless it's a special or something. For this channel, you have three people doing their own thing and doing it well. I hate to say it but a big budget would probably ruin this channel, as it does for most things when they get too popular. I would much rather see the big money go into their pockets instead of production.

[@theillegalseagull6838]

"DiD aLiEnS wRiTe ThE bIbLe?"

[@adamweidenfeller8819]

@@xjohnny1000 well said, and excellent point that I hadn't really considered from that perspective

[@isray89]

@@theillegalseagull6838 It's amazing how catering to advertisers tends to dumb down content! LMFAO!

[@theillegalseagull6838]

@@isray89 lmao

[@JoanWhackTheNPC]

This channel is hugely underrated. This by far some of the best work I've seen in a long time, and it's not even a major network production. I wish discovery and history went back to shows like this, it's blinding. I feel privileged to watch these videos as they're uploaded, and I hope as a creator you get a lot more notoriety and acclaim for your work. Thank you so much!

[@harrietharlow9929]

It is indeed sad that Discovery and History have sunk to "reality" shows. It is a sad comment on our society. So many do not wish to be educated, but instead seek to ne hypnotized by shows which present anything except reality.

[@sa.8208]

its 2021.. noone watches them shows anymore.. this is the future. this guy dosent even need to put ads in.. he should be making a living off a patreon

[@PotatoMan007]

Agree to all the points, but why notoriety?

[@kantanlabs3859]

Notoriety will come, I am pretty sure of that. Reminds me the Carl Sagan Cosmos series !

[@davidarmstrong4651]

@@harrietharlow9929 ,

[@jonathanturek5846]

I appreciate your work very much. Please bless the younger generations with your wisdom

[@chrizzbenyon3993]

Your series of videos are wonderful. Thanks for your hard work in getting these together. If only the internet were around when I was a kid 50 years ago and learning about biology and geography!

[@michaelkaiser4674]

and GEOLOGY

[@kostikoskela375]

The scary thing when thinking about these supercontinents is that the other side of the earth was just a massive ocean.

[@HistoryoftheEarth]

Get ready for the next video to learn more...!

[@IudiciumInfernalum]

Really gets the thalassophobia going, init.

[@PyrusFlameborn]

Yeah! I want to know more about how super-oceans are different from just oceans

[@aldunlop4622]

Even today, if you approached Earth in a spaceship directly above the centre of the Pacific Ocean, pretty much much all you’d see is water. Pretty much all the land is on one side of the Earth.

[@kingdavid9252]

Hmmm wow. I'm stoned and imagining it's now. Curious about the seabed on that side too

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

Great video, thanks. Poor Wegener, he was ridiculed for his Continental Drift Theory during his lifetime, and his ideas were not vindicated until after his death, when the mechanism responsible for his observations, Plate Tectonics, was discovered. I trained as a geologist in the 1980s, and some of my older professors weren’t fully convinced of PT, although it was taught in every class.

[@nathanielhill423]

Ortelius was brilliantly ahead of his time as well, just like Galileo with his optics, people are ridiculed until proven otherwise. But that is what drives the passion for discovery and understanding!

[@NovaGirl8]

When I first saw a world map, I always though Africa and South America looked like they could slot together lile puzzle pieces. When I heard about the Continental Drift Theory, my young mind thought it made a lot of sense.

[@robertabugelis3962]

@@NovaGirl8 Same. At that age, we play with a lot of puzzles and blocks. Fitting together just was a natural instinct for my mind.

[@flatearth6253]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m2nFlZeAZbaZbqs

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

There was also the weird idea that the expanding oceans meant earth is expanding. The theory behind it was that all that surface has to go somewhere, and more surface means it needs to be bigger. Obviously by now we know that crust also subducts, but the theory was still interesting.

[@Nikki_Catnip]

Just wanted to let you know your channel is absolutely incredible. Thank you for making something this great for free. ❤

[@johanbadenhorst908]

Well, this was really well done! I love the text, so well written, the narration complementing it masterfully,the pace, just about right, the subjects, the graphic images-I can go on and on. This was very well received by me. Thank you to everyone involved in its creation!

[@Portuga1984]

This channel is awesome. Reminds me of the national geographic in the 90´s

[@KevinArcade87]

The good old times. NGC, History and Discovery actually airing good programs.

[@mohammadjuma4757]

90's was an awesome era specially in documentaries :)

[@thomasmchugh1989]

It's just so great, so relaxing and informative

[@turgidbanana]

All I remember about national geographic were tits.

[@DennisGr]

instant sub. born in 86, this reminds me of being young.

[@RushFreak]

Don't usually comment on documentary content, but this series is truly something special. You've covered a swath of topics with uncommon depth and context and made them feel alive with your presentation style. Thank you so much for these. Can I make a suggestion? The relative scale and position of time periods this covers can be difficult to visualize in a simple text-only title format. (There can be a lot of numbers to keep track of.) You could introduce subjects overlayed as a block on a horizontal geologic timeline chart, that would be zoomed in or out of or focused as needed, kind of like a clip in a video editor timeline. It doesn't need to have fancy animation or anything. It would make contextual understanding much simpler! On another note, I also made some earth-from-space VFX footage some years back I'd happily donate if you would find it useful in your b-roll. Looking forward to more of this series. To Leila, Pete, David and all, keep up the incredible work.

[@kathygann7632]

You are great.

[@adamrusso4912]

The animation around 21:00 suggests that India was attached to Asia from the get-go. India was attached to today's Antarctica and Australia and collided with Asia!

[@ariadneschild8460]

I'm so glad I found this channel, being able to see the Earth's history thru these well presented documentaries is a privilege.

[@a.randomjack6661]

Content like this makes me feel connected to Life, the Universe, Everything...

[@Naptosis]

We are the Universe experiencing itself.

[@noeldenever]

History of The Universe and History of The Earth, back to back. Life is good and nothing hurts. As usual, your content is better than what major networks pass for documentary these days. Thank you ❤

[@deadeye8843]

What the "History Channel" should be 🌏

[@harrietharlow9929]

@@deadeye8843 Exactly!

[@harrietharlow9929]

Much better!

[@frankowalker4662]

I could'nt agree more.

[@ronanzann4851]

What networks would you be talking about???????????????????????????????????????????????

[@steveclark2205]

Enjoyed the Magellan connection neatly weaved in after the sponsorship announcement 😀👌

[@susanjane4784]

Degree in geography in 1984. Wow. I went in other directions but this sure makes me excited about the advancement of science. I subscribed and need to see some more of these!

[@ReidMerrill]

Time to rewatch the entire series again..

[@bimbocrammmm]

If I ever had a complaint about your videos it's that they're too short, I just wanna keep on watching! So I'm really happy this one was more than 15-20 minutes! Looking forward to many many more hours of your content, even tho I already know quite a bit about some of the topics you covered so far I always enjoy it and always also learn something new!

[@jbangz2023]

The ultimate failure of science is its inability to explain the origin of the universe. "The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature" -Wikipedia -> Big Bang describes the "expansion" not the "origin" of the universe. "Extrapolating this cosmic expansion backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the models describe an increasingly concentrated cosmos preceded by a singularity in which space and time lose meaning ("the Big Bang singularity"). "A gravitational singularity, spacetime singularity or simply singularity is a condition in which gravity is so intense that spacetime itself breaks down catastrophically." -> Singularity is due to intense gravity, and gravity according to General Relativity is curvature of spacetime due to matter, curvature or Einstein tensor = (8πG/c^4)T, where T=matter content, if T=0, gravity=0, hence no singularity. So where did the original matter and spacetime come from? Atheists are clueless about this, but this is answered by Genesis 1:1 KJ21 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

[@wbwarren57]

Great video! Thank you. The writing is very good. The story built up in a very logical and clearly understandable manner and actually helped me understand a number of things I had not understood before about plate tectonics. Great job!

[@lordhinton3394]

This makes David Attenborough happy. Spot on work.

[@nariu7times328]

As I have been interested in these subjects for decades, I don't find I learn any new facts -- but your presentation and editing is truly enjoyable. (And yes, so much better than network stuff, which I can't bear!)

[@kyleroberts3814]

Sometimes you don't need an endless line of new facts and theories. It's nice to just be able to visualize the ones you have.

[@RKOzza]

I question whether the is ANY facts to learn Iam not saying none of this is true (and this production is good) but.. This is surely all guess work? How can any human being today, speak with certainly about the continental layouts of such a far gone time?

[@MrWolfstar8]

Fantastic videos as always. The visuals, the voice overs, and the scripts are amazing. Better than anything on TV.

[@MeeMee-gz5vp]

So true! I’m not sure what happened to the quality of television programs. All I know is they’re not worth watching.

[@maxis2k]

@@MeeMee-gz5vp "I’m not sure what happened to the quality of television programs." Shareholders and ideology which are antithetical to creativity and quality.

[@MeeMee-gz5vp]

@@maxis2k Makes sense. I miss the old TV programs, back when they were more meaningful

[@docbailey3265]

One thing I don’t get: how did those ancient roads form? Does this prove the existence of ancient aliens?

[@michaeldowney6361]

I found this totally captivating and I'm a scientist! A perfect blend of technical information mixed with history. This is an excellent video for a junior high school earth science class. I guarantee it would hold the attention of students and stir a myriad of questions and derivative thought. My compliments to the author and narrator.

[@anditcametopass5924]

you mean pysence

[@SaudiSportsScene]

This channel is a much needed throwback to when documentaries were about the information they contain rather than the scenic shots and how epic a voice the narrator can attempt to do.

[@flatearth6253]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/m2nFlZeAZbaZbqs

[@xo-1320]

Technically we do have a super continent today but part of what connected it is submerged. In the last glacier maximum Eurasia, Africa and the Americas were all connected.

[@MasterJedi86]

Yep

[@rowbot5555]

I'd call afroeurasia a supercontinent

[@Rafaga777]

Another very interesting documentary just like NGC in their heyday. Instant click and like. Thanks a lot for showing us this video...

[@LO2L68]

I've really enjoyed your series so far but this has totally blown my mind. I had a basic understanding of tectonics but never considered the idea of repeatedly converging continents

[@catherinehubbard1167]

This is mesmerizing and fascinating. It was obviously a huge project to assemble and produce. Thank you!

[@Pheidias_Tom]

These documentaries are so beautifully written and well made.

[@mkfathers]

Again this was a brilliant production that was both intellectually stimulating and interesting. The question that you brushed on but I would like to have a deeper understanding of the link of life forms and the tectonic plate movements. What developed and when and how did the formation of the supercontinents effect the development of different life forms both on land and at sea. Please keep going with these productions as I really enjoy them.

[@mow184]

Yes, I too would love a side-by-side timeline showing what happens when, on both the supercontinent formation and life evolution fronts. Thanks for making this superb video!

[@majestichotwings6974]

The impact is undoubtedly immense

[@dogarualexandru-stefan]

According to the chaos theory, wich is the way our univers work, small diffrent initial condittions, over time, leads to huge differences in the results. So over this huge spans of time, wich the human mind can't even fathom, the changes to weather, climate, distribution of life, ecosistems,etc are inimaginably gigantic and unpredictable.

[@tribalismblindsthembutnoty124]

going to need another couple hours for that

[@jesusislord6545]

Repent to Jesus Christ!!!

[@Lora-M-NY]

These are awesome. You make it as visual and dynamic as your other videos about people!

[@pennycarrigan4356]

Wow, this is one of the most educational videos I've seen. I've learned more from this video than I learned in school, and it kept me interested the whole way thru. Knowing the history of our Earth is pretty dam cool.

[@mathiasthelander7834]

A History of the Universe yesterday and today this, such a treat!,,

[@ericpowell4350]

Can you imagine a future astronaut leaving Earth for a deep space mission at the speed of light. Then returning to a planet that appears to be entirely different from the one that he left?

[@kingstoler]

If you could travel at the speed of light, then yes it'd be a kind of "time travel" to the future. A very distant future, with no return.

[@somerandomguy9125]

The astronaut won't live long enough to actually observe much change. The only star within the range of 20 light years that is even capable of noticeably slowing time around nearby objects is Sirius (about 9 light years away). Unless we manage to go FTL and orbit around the nearest blackhole (about 1500 light years away), the astronaut in question won't be seeing any significant changes.

[@ericpowell4350]

@D Chapo Congrats! You just won, "Dumbest Comment of the Week"!

[@derHexenhammer]

That would be the planet of the apes. Lol

[@anditcametopass5924]

just imagine lol

[@franl155]

Thoroughly fascinating, thank you so much for posting. I knew of Pangea and Gondwanaland, but not of the earlier ones. it's going to take me a while to absorb everything I've just watched.

[@richardberriman]

Back in the Mesozoic era I was hooked on a series called "Making of a Continent", it was focussed on North America, however, this documentary gives some background to that series as things moved about a lot without very much context. Many thanks for great share.

[@ian_ssali]

I am probably one of the first viewers and I would like to take this very short-lived chance to thank the team for this new video, I love your work, and I thank you for it! I learned a lot from your collective effort!

[@poppasmurf4115]

hi! i have a shyte ton of crystals and homeopathic cures...for 1 billion dollars i can cure cancer and ugly

[@tarstarkusz]

I'm only 11 minutes in and already there are SERIOUS errors, such as made around 11:15 that Venus is entirely covered from pole to pole with lava. This is not true. Not even close. The Russians landed a probe on Venus and sent back photos of the rocky surface. With this kind of error, how can you believe a single word of what is in here. This is a HUGE error. There is no land on Venus is a categorically false statement. If you didn't know it was from Venus, you would think it came from Mars, a planet many hundreds of degrees cooler.

[@wwoods66]

@@tarstarkusz "... plenty of volcanic features, from shield volcanoes to vast lava fields. But they were all hallmarks of a single, basaltic rock. No sedimentary deltas, no metamorphic mountains, no explosive stratovolcanoes. Only dark, fluid lava over the planet's entire surface...." Okay, maybe that could have been clearer, but it doesn't mean that the surface of Venus is all _currently molten_ lava. Rather, it means that Venus is covered by low-silica basalt, like that formed at Earth's rift zones. I.e. plate tectonics isn't working on Venus as it has on Earth, so it doesn't have the differentiation between the oceanic basalt and the continental rocks -- sedimentary, metamorphic, and inland igneous rocks.

[@erikperez1927]

Still living

[@kathleengarvey4634]

Thank you. I enjoyed that very much. I like seeing how the drift of the continents went. I find it fascinating.

[@crewrangergaming9582]

remember, when you are watching this video, which is nothing less of an amazing work of art and a documentrary of sort, you either see stills of people, some related things in between but mostly stick footages.. yet the narration is so good you rarely notice that you are watching mostly a collection of stitched stock footage.

[@stevenmielke6713]

Completely agree. Thoughtful, compelling, comprehensive, and impressively accurate. Extremely well done.

[@bradleypotts9865]

The spread of the lemurs is almost certainly not due to continental drift and land bridges. India, Africa and Madagascar were already widely separated before the evolution of the lemur. Lemurs most likely evolved in Asia, spread to Africa and arrived in Madagascar via rafting. The great diversity of lemurs in Madagascar is due to empty ecological niches they could fill and no competition from Monkeys, advantages their relatives on the continents lacked.

[@rtucker0458]

I would think that genetic test would reveal whether that's the case or otherwise.

[@bradleypotts9865]

@@rtucker0458 There's a good discussion of that very topic in a video from PBS Eons - kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z5m3e5tujJWenrc Genetic testing appears to indicate lemurs arrived on the island some 30 million years after it had become isolated.

[@rtucker0458]

@@bradleypotts9865 Well there may be. But I won't support PBS in any capacity.. To include watching or going to one of their video's. What I was speaking of is. It should be possible to tell which populations are older and how they relate from genetics.

[@ivannpetermagerman2727]

@@rtucker0458 what did PBS do? What are they all about even?

[@rtucker0458]

@@ivannpetermagerman2727 PBS leadership decided to use their platform to promote political agendas.. not purely educational.

[@BrotherSkodidi]

I love the quality and effort y'all put into these videos.

[@SpiritmanProductions]

I am absolutely loving these documentaries. Thank you so much.

[@lwnhp8748]

I'm so excited for the young generations today. This is my first time watching this channel. My five-year-old grandson turned me on to this. His teacher let them watch this series. The history of Earth. Im grateful that kids today can be taught with an open mind instead of all that junk I was taught. Lies lies lies. Lol 😆

[@djimma5080]

That's a good mindset and a good observation of modern technology and its advantages which alot of people overlook , its sad that pretty much the whole world has a mobile phones but not many fully utilise or realise the power they have in their hands, you have the actual phones functions , call , text, email , camera, torch, calculator etc all these features would have been on separate devices 25 years ago then you have the endless other applications such as news , TV , movies , books, games etc these were all once separate objects then you have all of human knowledge available to you via the Internet most people go on tik tok and scroll people doing dumb shit

[@edmartin875]

What was accepted as truth years ago is often deemed in error in this day of wider knowledge and newer tech. When I went to school in the 50's and 60's our sources of information (books) were not updated as frequently as today. Updates to textbooks were often decades apart. What you call lies was often just outdated and no longer accepted information. When I got my BS I still carried a slide rule. Tha Apple home computer had not yet been invented. Our campus computer (Dec 10) took up all the space in a large room, was accessed via punched cards, and was not as capable as a modern day wristwatch. Many computers of the day still used tubes, not printed circuits. My first electronic calculator (in the 70's) could only add, subtract, multiply, and divide and cost me $68 when the house payments on my 3 bdrm, 2 bath, brick home on a half acre was $182.

[@manticore4952]

I remember a teacher telling me computers were a terrible way to learn, I just thought computers are the future of learning; now look at what we have today.

[@jasonpye4649]

Now you've got me wondering what junk were you taught or lies for that matter? And how is this video representative of something you weren't taught?

[@deanbuss1678]

I like the way this series has "evolved".

[@AverageAlien]

?

[@turgidbanana]

What the hell are you talking about? 🤦‍♂️

[@joannaglasby2596]

Lol

[@michaellewis5921]

Really wonderful series, I look forward to each new installment. This one covers a particularly fascinating topic for me, and so I thoroughly enjoyed it!

[@pavlanobel9573]

That was truly amazing I am so glad I decided to watch this can’t wait for the next one great job

[@ozymandias5257]

Beautifully done. This audio, video & commentary are such a pleasure to encounter. Thank you.

[@jamesrussell7760]

Brilliant! Compared to the epochal timescale of the continental dance, we are as ephemeral as the mayfly.

[@stevenschilizzi4104]

An extraordinary effort and a fascinating outcome. This is truly amazing. Thanks heaps, and do keep them coming!

[@aruvielevenstar3944]

This is the moet interesting channel on yt and I could watch it forever 😍please continue making these docu’s 🙏🏻

[@samanvayasrivastava559]

Beautiful work I am so lucky to have this level of contact free of charge. Thankyou for all your hard work

[@Bloodknok]

The series keep getting better and better, and this has been one of the most interesting so far.

[@Volvith]

5 seconds in, 50 minute video about one of my favourite subjects (pre-history, yay! :D), and a very brief look at your channel, and i'm subbed. This reeks of quality content. Yes. _Yes please._ EDIT: I've now watched it all, and i have to say, such a beautiful documentary. I have to admit that you really did dig up that excited adventurous kid in me for most of it. Never stop making videos, because you damn well know i'll never stop watching them. ;) You put conventional history channels and large media documentaries to shame!

[@ems4884]

Just a tip from an old historian ... "Prehistory" includes all of geological time straight back to the Hadean, technically speaking. When historians use the term, we usually are talking about the paleolithic, mesolithic and neolithic eras (or even more recent times in cultures without any writing system.). But that's only because historians don't deal with early hominids or the deep geological past. I Regardless, it is all prehistoric. I see you are referring to the part of the video about early hominids and early debates around evolutionary theory. But this entire video is actually about prehistory. Anyways ... I totally agree. It's a great topic. I come to this channel for three geology but I really enjoy that they include history of science references. It makes for good "audio book" material while driving for me!

[@wessexexplorer]

Great video. I marvel at the vast timescales that each of these super continents represent. When I go to the beach and grab a handful of sand that represents the end product of each mountain chain.

[@mw-st3qm]

This is OFF THE HOOK. I can't believe the production quality. A masterpiece!

[@UpNfamish2]

Knowing is Belonging. After watching all these videos I have come to know the very Earth that I had sprung from n a deep feeling of belonging to Earth has also sprung within me n strangely it feels peaceful.

[@edgeeffect]

I think you're "not allowed" to talk about Magellan's mission to Venus without reminding us that it was actually "cobbled together" out of junk and leftovers that were laying around at JPL.... just makes it even more cool in it's achievements.

[@connarcomstock161]

I had no idea it was literally Kerbal'd together.

[@imyourmaster77]

The little spaceprobe that could

[@mpetersen6]

Sometimes I think that NASA and JPL should come up with a basic bus structure for interplanetary missions that can be tailored by adding mission specific modules instead of custom building each probe.

[@davidabest7195]

@@mpetersen6 - it would make the most sense. Would drive mission costs down and increase proficiency as we could continuously update and upgrade the base system based on technological growth instead of reinventing the wheel with every new mission. It would also speed up the period between missions as all the needed functionality and stress testing wouldn't need to be as thorough with a proven tested system. The members of the mission team could become more and more familiar with the base system making the specialists able to operate and fine tune the base system with better results.

[@davidabest7195]

Really the only benefit of creating a mission specific custom probe everytime is the ability to use cutting edge tech. Even this could be incorporated into a base probe system if the base system was designed in a way to be able to remove and replace various add ons. Like make the sensors with a system that allows them to be able to added or removed so the newest sensors could be installed as needed. Same with the base system's cpu and whatever cameras they use. Something that works like the pitcatinny rail modular system used on firearms today that make it a universal attachment system for firearm accessories.

[@surferaly]

I soak up content like this, but this is a really well produced, standout piece. The Earth history of the drift of the continents is epic and not easy to wrap your head around, but this video communicated it really well, its ovious a lot of thought went into scripting this🙂

[@Laserblade]

Thank you for such educational and inspirational content. I understand my world better now, that is the mission of education - well done.

[@adsta5]

This is absolutely amazing... I do wish it could have included a show animation showing the movements though.

[@c.ladimore1237]

"clash of tectonic sumo" what an amazingly unique metaphor.

[@davidgrech4574]

Thank you for sharing your insights and I hope you know how much I appreciate your channel 👍

[@Xaltar_]

Absolutely brilliant documentary. The writing, editing and composition are truly top notch and the narration is very well done too. Thank you!

[@harrietharlow9929]

Some geologists have found a new subduction zone off Portugal. It may represent the very beginnings of the closure of the Atlantic.

[@rowbot5555]

Sorry for replying three months late but that's awesome, do you have any links for it?

[@harrietharlow9929]

@@rowbot5555 I will see what I can find but please give me time. I have to get a new computer b ut am trying to get by with my phone.

[@willd3rbeast]

I love these vids.

[@apatheticattempt]

Always :)

[@apatheticattempt]

18 min left?

[@michellelafaye2721]

This is the most fantastic video I have ever watched for it solidly answers so many of my own questions and imaginings that I had way back in elementary school about 60 years ago. Finally all those questions have been answered in a crystal clear manner. I wish we could track humanity so easily. I imagine that the closed doors of the Vatican, and all of the ancient libraries that were destroyed nearly globally, might just have solved a good deal of the questions that remain. I highly suspect that a lot of cultural roots were made during the last Pangia. The stone carvings of the Toltec absolutely have amazed me for decades and have inspired me to think that perhaps idea of latitude connections between South America and Africa may very well show why there were similar cultural expressions. Ancient human experiences during the times of these great changes are more than likely at the root of astral observations in the Pyramid building eras spread across the planet, all of which continue to hold very ancient mysteries. Thank you so much for creating and posting your video. Keep up the great work.

[@turtlesandmoreturtles4140]

Modern humans first appeared 200,000 years ago, mammals only really developed after the dinosaurs were removed as a threat 65,000,000 years ago. Pangaea disappeared long before then. Just because pyramids are built on both sides of the Atlantic does not mean they were built when the continents were connected, I suggest you revise your time frame. The pyramids on each continent are built in completely different styles which bear no resemblance to each other, and the only reason pyramids were built is because they have a strong base, and ancient cultures couldn't build better shapes as their material wasn't strong enough.

[@jillianc949]

Another great entry in this series! Though I wish you could animate the movement of the continents, it would make it easier to envision the creation and break-up of the supercontinents.

[@Zamazamar]

Found one "error" around 46:02 to the long-necked lizards of the Jurassic . The Dinosaurs were not lizards, and the famous long-necks are from the Cretaceous, but I suppose it was in a moment of poetic gusto. There is a certain logic in having a cut-off at Jurassic as the rift-building that initiated the Atlantic happened in the Jurassic.

[@shawncarson4109]

As always a great video. Proper information, presentation, and a few fun facts. You guys are solid af!

[@himssendol6512]

I love finding these youtube’s hidden gems. Nice documentary. Thanks.

[@JamesBiggar]

A new channel to add to my list of favourites, thanks for the great content!

[@PAULLONDEN]

Fascinating stuff . Water saturated planet Earth is such a jewel as it moves through space. It's high time humanity as a whole should recognise how lucky it was to be part of this very rare blue oasis.👍🏻🌏

[@EUROWEFILMS]

What a beautifully produced video, congratulations and thank you.

[@brightphoebus]

I have some zircon stones and love them. Neat to learn about thier formation!

[@scottbuscavage7361]

Very nicely done. Wonderfully presented. Good clear concise narration and soothing music.. 🌍🌎🌏🌌🌧️🌨️⚡🌥️⛅✨🌤️☀️...thnx!

[@cernunnos_lives]

Fantastic series. It keeps getting better fellas. Keep it going. Great that you mention the historical context of these discoveries (and how it came together). And you even mention "Lemuria", really some of the failures.

[@geektree3372]

1 month subscriber, very good content,am in love with this channel.

[@grip2617]

It may be good to permanently remember with all these colliding, crushing and moving parts it all happened with the speed of a growing finger nail, as mentioned in the beginning of this video.

[@garypowermusic]

An awesome production! So enlightening and thorough!

[@isray89]

3:11 - um, that is not a lemur. That is a loris, which do not live on Madagascar... (Sorry, I'm a picky primatology professor!)

[@Grantperkins1]

Goodmorning from Colorado!!

[@Ali-kb8gr]

I ❤ Colorado!

[@michaelkaiser4674]

Goodmorning from Datil NM territory

[@jaxareback311]

Absolutely top shelf....never exposed us to this standard when I was in School...

[@peterb9481]

Very high quality videos/documentaries. Love them!!

[@planetsec9]

That description of the different climates of the supercontinents and how they differ from regular continents was something I never knew before, was really cool

[@judsonwall8615]

I always find it so funny that the first people to start thinking about plate tectonics did so only after the Americas were found and mapped. Looking at that map, they noticed South America and Africa fitting like a puzzle and took it from there. It’s the exact same process as kids take. They look at a globe and are like, Why does it look like this piece fits into that piece. It literally took the map looking like a puzzle to figure it out 😃

[@verdi2310]

I started watching Voices of the Past and History Time some years ago. Your work is a preciosity.

[@robbie_]

You've got the perfect voice for it, whoever you are. Fantastic.

[@thejagotishow]

I always needed a video like this!

[@prototropo]

I love the narration, but perhaps with the hot-shot animated graphics possible today, the slow movement of the continents, both established and speculative, could be imaginatively synchronized with the text?

[@paulsirmay8405]

This is such an intetesting documentary, the timeline is so incomrensible it just bogles the mind.

[@brutechieftain9321]

PANGAEA ULTIMA sounds like a Final Fantasy special move.

[@harrietharlow9929]

Actually it does, LOL.

[@budakbaongsiah]

Ability for a FF14 superboss of the next expansion

[@martinalarcon3108]

I just Pangea on my pants 😢😮

[@firstcynic92]

47:00. But WHY will the mid Atlantic ridge turn into a subduction zone? Why would the currents in the mantle reverse?

[@mikedowd6015]

I believe that they expect the Caribbean subduction zone (Puerto Rico Trench) to expand. I disagree with this model, and prefer the Orthoversion model, with the creation of what is termed "Amasia" forming over the north pole.

[@Miss_Cali]

I’m thinking this may have to do with the poles flipping

[@sacredweeds]

I would love to see a video that includes what flora and fauna were present in these evolving super continents. Such amazing information!!

[@neelj2020]

fantastic fantastic video, masterful production, severely underrated channel.

[@Mike-tg7dj]

I'm still in awe of the Rocky Mountains much less the Andes or Himalayas. I remember how Nat. Geographical did this article on the Rockies up in Canada and specifically how sedimentary rock at one point in Earth's history had been an ocean laying horizontal. Now it's tilted to almost 90 degrees. Yeah pretty amazing.