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General Organic Chemistry -1| Chemistry by N.S Sir | Class 11 & 12 | IIT JEE Main and Advanced.
In this video lecture by Neeraj Saini Sir (#NS_Sir) various terms used in Organic Chemistry have been explained with examples which are very important to understand the concepts of Organic Chemistry.
Topics covered in this lecture of Basic Terms of Organic Chemistry (Class 11 &12 | IIT JEE Main & Advanced) by N.S Sir with timestamps are as follows:-
00:00 - 31:12 :- Types of Conjugation :-
The word "conjugation" is derived from a Latin word that means "to link together". In organic chemistry terms, it is used to describe the situation that occurs when π systems (e.g. double bonds) are "linked together".
An "isolated" π (pi) system exists only between a single pair of adjacent atoms (e.g. C=C)
An "extended" π (pi) system exists over a longer series of atoms (e.g. C=C-C=C or C=C-C=O etc.).
An extended π (pi) system results in a extension of the chemical reactitvity.
The fundamental requirement for the existence of a conjugated system is revealed if one considers the p orbitals involved in the bonding within the π system.
A conjugated system requires that there is a continuous array of "p" orbitals that can align to produce a π bonding overlap along the whole system.
If a position in the chain does not provide a "p" orbital or if geometry prevents the correct alignment, then the conjugation is interupted (broken) and therefore lost at that point.
Conjugation is achieved by alternating single and double bonds, with each atom providing a p-orbital perpendicular to the molecule’s plane. The system can be regarded as conjugated as long as each consecutive atom in a chain has an accessible p-orbital. However, conjugation can take place in a variety of ways.
Sigma (σ) Framework System: It is a strictly localised bonding scheme that describes the framework, which consists of bonds formed by interactions between sp3-, sp2-, and sp-hybridised atomic orbitals on the main group elements (and 1s atomic orbitals on hydrogen), as well as localised lone pairs derived from filled, nonbonding hybrid orbitals.
Pi (π) Framework System: Above and below the plane of the molecule where π - bonding occurs. The interaction of unhybridised p-atomic orbitals on atoms via sp2- and sp-hybridization forms the molecule’s system(s). The contact that causes bonding occurs between p-orbitals that are adjacent due to a link connecting the atoms, and it takes the shape of a side-to-side overlap of the two equally sized lobes that make up each p-orbital.
What is Conjugated Double Bond
Single bonds separate two or more double bonds in a conjugated double bond. In other words, if a chemical structure contains more than two double bonds, the double bonds are placed in an alternating pattern with the single bonds.
Conjugated Double Bond
The creation of a conjugated system with delocalised electrons is caused by a conjugated system comprising double bonds and single bonds. This indicates that the electrons in the conjugated system are dispersed throughout the system rather than being bound on the double bond. This is referred to as delocalisation.
The energy level of the structure is usually reduced as a result of delocalisation, boosting the structure’s stability. Ring, acyclic, linear, and mixed structures with cyclic and linear structures can all contain conjugated double bonds.
Chapter-General Organic Chemistry -1, is very important to understand for good understanding of Oragnic Chemistry concepts in the upcoming chapters with respect to JEE Main & Advanced.
This is the sixth lecture of General Organic Chemistry -1 ,which elaborates the basic concepts used in Orgainc Chemistry with suitable examples making it easy for a student preparing for JEE Main & Advanced to understand everything clearly.The topics taught in the lecture are in consideration with the latest syllabus for Class 11 & 12 | JEE Main & Advanced.
#Competishun This video by #NS_SIR for #JEEMain and #JEEAdvanced covers basic terms which are important for a student to know.