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The Sun always illuminates half of the Moon while the other half remains dark.
Let’s take a look at the individual phases
New Moon is the invisible phase of the Moon, with the illuminated side of the Moon facing the Sun and the night side facing Earth.
Waxing Crescent.
A tiny portion is visible to us.
First Quarter.
The Moon is now a quarter of the way through its monthly journey and you see half of its illuminated side.
Waxing Gibbous
Now most of the Moon’s dayside has come into view, and the Moon appears brighter.
Full Moon
This is illumination of the entire day side of the Moon (so, technically, this would be the real half moon).
Waning Gibbous
As the Moon begins its journey back toward the Sun.
Last Quarter
The Moon looks like it’s half illuminated from the Earth, but really you’re seeing half of the Moon.
Waning Crescent
All that we see from our perspective is a thin curve.
Now again new cycle begins with a new moon.
Credit:
Launch Pad Astronomy: • The Moon's phases over...
moon.nasa.gov/...