Motion Blur, Shutter Speed, & 180° Shutter Angle // TESTING the RULES!

[@thatcherfreeman]

Yo at 8:05, you have 60p footage with a 1/50th s shutter speed. With a shutter angle greater than 360 degrees, wouldn't the camera actually be recording at a lower framerate? If the camera actually opted to actually record at 30p 1/50, then naturally that would look similar to the 24p 1/50 footage. Or is this mislabeled and the shutter should be 1/60 of a second?

[@geraldundone]

It's possible on some cameras to do this. All that appears to happen is some frames just repeat. So it's a bit jerkier, but the motion blur is the same.

[@thatcherfreeman]

@@geraldundone I mean we can't tell when watching the video because it's a 24p project, but is that clip somehow shot on a camera where it isn't jerky at 60p 1/50? I assume you shot it on the a7s3 right?

[@KevinLin145]

​@@thatcherfreeman Initially I was bother by this too as it's not physically possible. But then I remembered that years ago when I used to have a d5300 DSLR I was able to shoot 24fps at super low shutter speed. The end result was just some extremely blurred images while having duplicated frames, like Gerald mentioned.

[@geraldundone]

Yes, a7S III. Also, check the description and download the 60p sample. It includes 1/50th, 1/60th, and 1/125th on a proper 60p timeline.

[@sofronio.]

it's like running a latest fps game on a low priced pc. And with hugh blur.

[@dunnadidit]

Thanks for having me chime in Gerald! It was super interesting to try to erase the obvious bias that I have and actually choose which one looked the most NATURAL to me. And its also interesting to note that the one that looked the most NATURAL isn't the one I would prefer to shoot at because of the "soap opera" effect. I always felt like the soap opera thing made me feel like I was standing beside the camera op. This obviously makes it feel more real but it's also the reason I don't like it as much.

[@Pfagnan]

I have always shot everything at 60 fps but with the 180degree rule because I detest motion blur when panning and moving around, it is very distracting. This way my videos having twice the information and frames are crisp and sharp even when there is a lot of movement in the scene. I can also slo-mo or speed ramp things. I will now try at the 1/60 shutter to see if that stays sharp while reducing the so-called soap-opera effect. 24p is old school and technology has changed enormously over the years. Cinematic my ass....

[@AJ-on-youtube]

@@Pfagnan different use cases. News, sports, live TV spots, vacation footage, are all meant to look like real life, and the realistic look of 60p (or even 30i, but not so much 30p) is desirable for those situations, but if you want your production to look like a movie, those frame rates tend to spoil the "movie" look. You can avoid excessive motion blur and stuttering at those lower frame rates by using wider focal lengths and moving your camera more slowly.

[@Pfagnan]

Ya I have changed things and use mainly 30p now. KZbin loves this 4k frame rate

[@24Steevy]

Great video Gerald, Congrats! In wedding we use 50p all the time with 1/50 shutter (in 25p timeline editing) because we don't know what moment should we put in a slow mo in editing, but we want to the normal speed record sections have a natural blur. We know the slow-mo sections have to much blur, but is a much better compromise than the normal speed sections have not enough motion blur. Moreover in that way the 50p record in 25p timeline with 1/50 shutter in normal speed (droping every second frame) looks excatly the same as a 25p with 1/50 shutter record, but the whole wedding is slow-mo capable if you need it. (We are in Europe and we use PAL format, this method won't work with NTSC 60p/24p combination)

[@geraldundone]

Seems like a good strategy! Situations like that sometimes make me want to split the difference and shoot at 1/75th. 😜

[@Jomboy.mpeg_4]

wow this very good information! thank you for sharing!

[@24Steevy]

@@geraldundone maybe, but i'm a big fan of the 1/50 shutter motion blur, I don't want to ride of it, but it worth a try in some test shoots, we will see how it looks :)

[@24Steevy]

@@Jomboy.mpeg_4 You are welcome 😉

[@williamevans6142]

Why not just shoot at 1/100 the whole time?

[@JunkBondTrader]

so many other videos talk about the shutter speed like it's the most important decision you will ever make in your life... This video really helped put it into a more reasonable perspective for the average video creator. I'm glad to know that 60 @ 1/60 works well for real time, because at 1/120 my camera gets too dark. I should have just trusted my eyes and realized at 1/60 it looks good, but all these people treating the 180 degree rule like it's a commandment got in my head and misguided me lol.

[@aliabdaal]

This is ridiculously useful

[@mutahirhusain9312]

Yup

[@mlegrand]

It’s been a while since you’ve gone in depth on a more generic filming topic. Love these.

[@elcasanelles5806]

+1

[@DavidVensland]

If your footage is a blurry mess, then don't just try and take a guess. Hop on over to crazy Undone, where spinning rulers are loads of fun. Find your shutter speed and your rate, don't leave your filming up to fate. Its where Gerald has done all the work, so in the comments don't be a jerk. Thank you Gerald for putting in the time, steeling your knowledge feels like a crime. The more you do the more we watch, because your videos are always tippy-top notch!

[@iPhonedo]

🌀🌀🌀🌀 I… Am… Hypnotized… 🌀🌀🌀🌀

[@tom.m.mancini]

iPhonedo you are an actual comedian in this video XD

[@stevewelsh__]

I’m hypnotised by your desktop image 👁👃🏻👁

[@MrZeybel]

Bi an seni görünce şok oldum :D

[@colinjudge1261]

I think Jordan Drake’s comment on using 60p at 1/60th was the key takeaway here. With shutter speed determining blur and frame rate determining how we actually perceive that blur, the choice then comes down to the filmmaker. There’s no right or wrong answer, there’s simply “What are you trying to achieve?”. It’s maybe a little bit like a photographer asking what’s the right shutter speed and aperture combination? You can tell them the Sunny 16 Rule, or F8 and Be There... but they’re just guidelines for adequate exposure or focus. If you want to master your craft, then understand the effects of each variable, and make a considered choice. Also, be willing to have fun, take risks and experiment!

[@EricStarick]

I’ve been doing my own tests in this rule for the last 2 weeks and Gerald just drops a video on it out of nowhere. Am I baby Gerald?

[@itstheBMAC]

Such a helpful video. I’ve always used the 180-degree rule but never thought to experiment with lower shutter speeds with higher frame rates played back at those higher frame rates. This should be a must-watch for anyone uploading a video to KZbin.

[@PureGlide]

A key detail is if you're trying to stabilise footage, you need a faster exposure so all frames are sharper. Otherwise you end up with a weird 'blur' effect on the object that has been stabilised. It looks a bit like it is vibrating from bass as you get motion blur on something that isn't moving any more.

[@MannyOrtiz]

This was helpful. Thanks man

[@36SOAD817HMC]

hahaha your every where . so glad to see that even great photographers still like to learn

[@Chazilla3000]

Jonathan Alcantar lol right

[@WarpedYT]

THANK YOU !, I've tried to explain this to soooo...many people in the past I've given up, no one understands but it's all based on math and time which never changes no matter what the frame rate.. amazing video man !!!!

[@JonathanAkosah]

I'm glad you get it, it's exhausting repeating myself & nobody understands or cares

[@Drunken_Hamster]

I thank you so deeply for this video. You have no idea the level of vindication/validation this brings. I've felt like I've been screaming into the void for so long about this, it's insane. Another thing to note is that for footage that's going to be speed ramped like 60 in a 24, it's more important to conserve the "real-time" motion blur by using the lower shutter speed than it is to get the slow-mo blur correct. 4:35, I agree it IS small, but that difference between 1/50 and 1/60 is what can make or break 30p when comparing it to 24p's so-called "cinematic" qualities. IMO 30p 1/50th is the goat, and the icing on the cake is that it'll shoot in any country without the lights flickering. If I really need to shoot a low frame rate, I'll drop down to 25p and probably a 1/40th shutter, but that's my limit. 50p 1/60th is the single most versatile IMO, and also the best-looking HFR combo to be played in an HFR timeline. I wish 40fps was a thing that existed and had platform/editing-level support for real-time playback, though. 40 is a direct middle ground between 30 and 60, mathematically (24 to 30 is an 8.33ms reduction between frames, and 30 to 40, as well as 40 to 60 is the same reduction again, each time.) and it should theoretically look almost indistinguishable from real life while saving even further on space than 50 compared to 60. 40fps 1/50th would also be another "universal anti-flicker" rate, too, and would have the best balance between lifelike motion smoothness and natural motion blur in my opinion. However it does lean on the realism side quite heavily compared to 24p's fully artistic look and 30p's balanced look, with 60p looking "hyper-real" sometimes as if it's trying too hard, and that's _including_ having the correct 1/60th "open" shutter speed for natural HFR motion blur.

[@Drunken_Hamster]

Another thing I want to know is why iPhonedo's video portion looks so choppy compared to yours. I assume he's shooting 24p and 1/50th like most filmmaker channels do, and I've been narrowing down the "why?" to this desynchronied/laggy 24p look vs how some people make it look smooth over the last few months. It's either the resolution(1080 vs 4k), all intra-frame vs "ipb", 23.976 getting turned into true 24 (or a mismatch between filming/editing/exporting without interpretation), or it's just the codec used to film. With a weighting of 35%, 35%, 20%, and 10% respectively on which one I think is doing it. So what do you think it is, and what insight can you give me on his settings vs yours?

[@ABM-mz5pb]

Thanks Gerald, you're the only guy on KZbin to explain this properly. I couldn't find anyone else to answer what makes the major difference to motion blur - is it frame rate or shutter speed? - and you answered it as the first question.

[@EposVox]

I found this video really fascinating, but am left yet unconvinced that 24fps is a reasonable choice at all. I saw zero noticeable difference in 24 vs 30 for blur, or in general, and the frame pacing difference of fitting a 24hz video into my 60hz display (which the vast majority of people are using) I still see separation of the spin even in 24 and 1/50. I hate this discussion because I feel like as a video nerd I should be seeing and valuing whatever difference there is and I've never once in my life been convinced 24 is "more cinematic" or smoother, meanwhile there's tons of judder/pacing issues upsampling it to 60hz displays.

[@hoojamaflicks]

I have to agree. never have liked 24p for exactly the same reasons. on a 60hz screen 60p at close to 60fps looks most natural to my eyes.

[@thatcherfreeman]

You'll see separation in the spin whenever the shutter angle is less than 360 degrees. I think with 24p the convention of having a 180 degree shutter largely comes from a balance between a short shutter speed where things would look very staccato and a long shutter speed where slow moving subjects are difficult to track because of their blur.

[@geraldundone]

24p is definitely inferior in most ways save for maybe cost/space efficiency, but I'm just so used to it. We say it's filmic, because it is. I suppose the question that should be asked is: Is filmic a good thing? I guess if you're trying to emulate a look then it makes sense, but I'd need a good year of only seeing 30p content everywhere to erase the 24p conditioning. 😜

[@rudydoyle]

@@geraldundone everything we know and accept is due to conditioning

[@paulmorris4759]

@@geraldundone Would 30p at 1/50 be the best of both worlds? Less (or no) judder in a 60hz world and the same motion blur that we're used to? Thoughts?

[@AlexUtreras]

I always fight with my colleagues because of the extreme importance they place on shutter. For me, achieving accurate exposure is the most important thing, and when you don't have ND and you want to prioritize a certain aperture, sacrificing that "naturalness" of the movement a bit is the least important thing. Of course this example of the spinning rule is great, but my fights are when you're doing an interview with a guy sitting still and they start to bother you with the shutter and it's like ... Nobody will notice. Great video anyway, as always.

[@harveylouis445]

My thoughts exactly. For aperture, I try to find the best balance between enough depth of field and not too much diffraction. For ISO, I like shooting at one of the base ISOs for best results. That leaves the shutter speed to adjust for the amount of light. Personally, I barely notice any difference when people are fairly still.

[@stevenpam]

Thanks, Gerald! Those of us with a stills background, and therefore no superstitious attachment to the 180° rule, suspected this all along. Understanding shutter speed from the perspective of video *and* stills - and using evidence, rather than just tradition - is definitely worthwhile to better inform creative decisions.

[@awkotaco1456]

This video is so personally satisfying. Many years ago I got tired of listening to all these rules when filming. So, I did my own tests and fell in love with with 48fps at 60 shutter. No client has ever noticed/complained. Looks good to me, and that's all that matters.

[@Guoenyi]

Thanks a bunch you crazy number person G. The 180 deg shutter rule gives us a good guideline to maintain what we are conditioned to perceive as "natural" and "cinematic" look. At the end of the day film makers can do whatever they want. I follow a loose version of the rule where a lower shutter angle is for dramatic action sequence and higher shutter angle for more dreamy smooth effect. It is also worth noting that your edit fps determines the final "smoothness" of the film so you need to ajdust your shutter speed with consideration of your editing fps, if it is going to be different. For example, I shoot 50fps 1/100 in a live show setting where I do not want to be changing camera settings due to the lack of control of the situation and unpredictability of the moments, then edit in a 25fps timeline for faster workflow, will yield a final shutter angle of 90 degrees. That angle is half of 180 which makes the scene more action packed and jarring. Addtionally, I reserve the "right" amount of motion blur expected from a fast moving object if I choose to slow down by 50%. Even If I don't use a slowmo at all, shooting at 25fps 1/100 is not that beneficial to me because my camera somehow produces the same file size regardless of what fps I shoot.

[@cameralabs]

Nicely demonstrated Gerald!

[@Altusfonz]

GERALD! you've done it man!!! I can 100% believe it. As an old school sub that believed in you from the days of ideas from a hat. Pre 1000 subs. I want to sincerely congratulate you on finding your niche and keeping with it. Well done. ❤️

[@ScottBalkum]

Soap opera can be easily defined as anything that appears realistic to our eyes. Our eyes see approximately at 30fps, but it is variable. When we see 30fps video, our eyes detect it as closer to reality. 60fps is even closer to reality. 24fps simplly looks “cinematic” because it doesn’t look normal to our eyes. We have since adjusted our brains to understand that 24fps feels “not-normal” and we can easily step out of reality to view it. We aren’t confused in our brains that we are looking out a window at life but rather, we are viewing something out of reality. Motion blur is simply another version of reality vs not reality. Our vision has a similar motion blur to 180 degree rule. So we see that as normal. It just so happens that 24fps is abnormal and 180 degree shutter is normal. The combo is remembered as cinematic. In the end, use shutter speed to tell your story. Increase motion blur to take our brains out of normal and decrease to bring it closer to reality, but you can also take it back to abnormal with no/minimal motion blur. Gerald, you did a great job showing it with the spinning line. Perfect.

[@FEcluk]

For ages i've being ignoring the 180º rule on purpose and made it a characteristic of my work (usually i record 30fps at 1/50 but even on 60fps i keep 1/50) and people always come to me saying "hey dude, your shutter is wrong, it must double the fps" and i'm all "yeah yeah, i know F*** it, i like more this way because blur), even teachers on my photography direction class, and they think i'm crazy and i'm sh*tting on the sacred rules of fotography and that Lumiere brothers are cursing me in the afterlife because of this. Thank you Gerald for making this test, it shows me that im not that crazy (or that we are) and i have some basis on my line of work. Now if someone come to me saying this again, i will send this video to them (or not, f**k them, i'll just keep doing my sh*t).

[@erwickdsouza]

When shooting drummers, I find that using 1/80 shutter speed at 24fps gives you the best look. It's slightly choppy but the motion blur is still present.

[@ineedlulz]

Its criminal how much recognition you don't receive. You articulate so well and with such detail that could tell me the grass is orange and I'd believe it true. Also; Next into - I'm Gerald Undone and I'm done ungeralding.

[@Pfagnan]

I shoot EVERYTHING in 60fps and then EDIT in a 60fps. People it’s 2022 so do we really need to be shooting and editing at only 24fps because that’s what they had available in the 1930´s and 40 ‘s with their old metallic mechanical shutters? KZbinrs insist on this traditional way of doing things. We now have the technology to do much better. 24fps has too much choppiness and motion-blur as there are too few frames for the processor to write to. Especially when panning or scenes with lots of motion you know what I’m talking about! I have done many tests with this and that is why I shoot at 60fps and EDIT at 60fps that way your audio is still in sync (everything is real-time not slo-mo) but you have more frames to capture crisp, clear, sharp detail and movement in the scene and especially when you pan!! You still get some nice motion blur. A little motion-blur is natural but fuzzy pixels and choppy motion when panning drives me crazy. I usually try to stick with the 180 degree rule for shutter. I will try using it at 1-60 sec shutter as Gerald suggests to minimized the soap opera effect SHOOTING AT 60P is so immersive. (Edit in 60 p though) Try it you’ll see….

[@Guoenyi]

When I shoot I move slowly. TBH I do not see a difference in 25fps and 50fps. The chop, a large gap between the moving object's start and finish position can be filled with motion blur. The 180 deg rule makes sure of that. Low fps like 24, 25, 30 are really more for workflow efficiency since they are faster to work with which can be real a saving if you do editing all day every day. I normally do 50fps shoot and 50fps edit for real time just because I don't need the best workflow efficiency and I can choose 25fps edit if I need slowmo. The worst thing someone can do is low fps shooting at high shutter speed (e.g. 25fps 1/100) for a very fast moving object or fast camera rotation. It will be choppy to varied degrees depending on the situation. I am not sure how many people end up doing that but the 180 shutter rule should make people steer well clear of that choppy zone. I did get into the choppy zone accidentally with 25 fps when shooting a fast moving dancer indoor with from what I can remember 1/125 shutter speed. Even that 72 deg shutter angle was still usable for the motion unless you really concentrate on the chop. You only get severely choppy video if the motion is too fast for your setting. For example, 25fps 1/25 for a flying bullet gets you nothing because of almost no light from the bullet, and 25fps 1/4000 for the same flying bullet gets you nothing again because the bullet might not even be in frame during an exposure. So you cannot just flat out say it is 2022 and 60fps is a no brainer. The reality of fps choice is a more calculated one for the knowledgeable shooters and mostly subjective one for the uninformed shooters.

[@GCGFilmsYT]

Gerald, it absolutely floors me that a high quality resource such as yourself has not absolutely blown up into the millions. It’s only a matter of time. Enjoy and Thank you!!!

[@gtsporttour506]

Lately in post production, I constantly come across the use of slow motion (at 60fps or 120fps ) that is time remapped to go fast then slow then fast (think Guy Ritchie style). I often times have to add fake motion blur to reduce the choppyness on the sped up remaps. Great video G.

[@visitwithus]

Whoa! this explains the age old question more visually clearly than any other. Thank you on behalf of the universe Gerald U.

[@KathySierraVideo]

And just like that... you gave me a new way to think about shooting in 60p knowing some of it will be played back on a 24fps timeline, at normal/real-time speed (dropping frames). I always follow the 180 rule, and then hate the real-time segments for being too choppy. I’m going to experiment to see if I’m OK with the extra motion blur on the slo-mo in exchange for smoother-looking real-time. (The joys of having just one camera... and only one take... choosing a shooting frame rate, and having to live with it for both slo-mo and real-time during playback)

[@KDHildreth]

How did you capture the motion blur at 4:54 did you take stills instead of video? I know on the Sony A6xxx cameras you cannot get any more motion blur than frame rate = shutter (i.e 25fps = 1/25 shutter), if you under crank the shutter the camera just duplicates frames and no more blur is captured/recorded.

[@SniffenJ]

I wonder if setting up the drill so it was pointing towards the ceiling and shooting above/below would had been smoother, no ramping speed for the nitpickers. Though, I don't think the way it was done was a problem, and having slight different speeds helped get different blur conditions.

[@periurban]

Great video. There is so much nonsense talked about this topic, with many pundits failing to account for the project settings, and blaming judder on the frame rate, when all the time it is a mismatch between shooting frame rate and project frame rate. You deal wi9th this correctly, and supply very convincing evidence.

[@Pierluca72]

A great reminder to those who shoot everything at 60p and with nowadays cameras at 120p just in case they want to do some slow motion later in post. Always best to plan what is going to be slow motions and what not

[@devincorboy8638]

This was great! I can't imagine how many times you jacked up the impossible numbers dialog! Also- I only had to pause this 3 times to get it! That's a huge win for you. As always- thanks for the quality and relevant work...

[@JericTamayo]

I actually like the 60p 1/60th. You can always decide to slow something down if you're shooting run and gun events. And it's fluid enough and not blurry enough to make it look appealing.

[@1RJ2]

So that would be usefull unless you want that soap opera effect

[@动漫区漫哥]

@@1RJ2 Hello dude,shoot at 60fps 1/100，does the motion blur looks natural？

[@动漫区漫哥]

Hello dude,shoot at 60fps 1/100，does the motion blur looks natural？

[@1RJ2]

@@动漫区漫哥 If you shoot 60fps at 1/100 it would like fine but if you try to slow it down it may look a little blurry, you should use 1/125.

[@TheBhavyaShah]

This is really helpful!! (as always) But I have a question tho.....Unless someone is willing to slow the footage down in post.....what would be the need to even shoot at 60p by keeping the shutter at around 1/60th? 😅 I mean rather than doing that....why not shoot at 24p itself if you wanna go for a real-time playback ? (Or am I missing smth here ?)

[@rjkral]

FANTASTIC!! I’ve been wondering about this ever since learning the rule. Tried experiments etc. This was a great discussion and great way to test it! Thanks for doing this Gerald!

[@BenettGraezer]

Great video! Super funny at the end! Keep it up 👍🏻

[@ChessSociety]

Great video, Gerald! I think it would have been interesting to make it a blind test for the other youtubers. P.S. DPreview was the most insightful of the bunch, in my opinion

[@ramabg2]

Finally. The most bothering thing in my mind about shutter angle has been answered. Thank you for answering this question in such scientific and objective manner. This is very obvious question that has never been answered properly since the invention of high frame rate video.

[@DrWasim]

So as long as my subject is not moving that much, I can crank up the shutter speed as much as I want to?

[@stefanexplores]

I love your methodical approach and your fantastic intros.

[@VictorKDurand]

2:25 dude.. the youtuber taking the color measurement tool and using it as a make-up kit is just immense... great video as always by the way.

[@TIPSFIN]

nice demonstration but I like the look of 24p@ 1/125. looks very unique

[@Daniel1987H]

I did get how anyone is wondering what causes motion blur other than exposure time. Coming from photography this is so obvious that I'm still confused why anyone is asking this. I most often shoot at 1/30 at 30p, because you don't loose any "motion-information" and the clips never look choppy. But: entertaining and funny as always! Thx!

[@BasicFilmmaker]

Neat tests! Anyone with a camera should try shooting in all different frame rates and shutter speeds - learn a lot IMHO.

[@Quetzalcoatl0]

2:40 this really baffle me. I want a more sophisticated explanation. So changing the fps but keeping the shutter speed constant won't affect the motion blur ? If 24p and 60p look the same, then shooting at 15fps or 10fps, taking 1 frame of the video and comparing them it should look the same as well ?

[@TheNitpicker]

super super helpful, I always render at 60fps and used a shutter of 1/100 because 1/120 caused a visible flicker due to my lights. I always thought I had to use 180°, now I know better. I mean, I actually want the soap opera for my own videos but now I'm definitely also gonna try 1/60 next time shooting a video. Thanks so much, always learning something actually very useful here on this channel, big thumbs up

[@TangerineTux]

Having tried 60fps 1/60s a few times, it’s so immersive that it’s almost unnerving (in a refreshing way). I don’t know if many movies would want to use that, but for more “documentary” types of videos, it should work very well. (I am using the word very loosely - I include videos of myself playing the piano or the guitar under that term.)

[@_Joshhoffman]

If you are not in USA, Canada or Japan(i think) you should be using 25, 50 and 100FPS. So need to change your format to PAL, this will stop the flickering

[@ThanhThanh-it1pm]

I think use 50fps 1/100 more convenient for u

[@mbvglider]

@@TangerineTux For sure, I experimented with filming my piano playing at 60 fps with 1/60s shutter, and honestly, it's the first time that I looked at the playback and it actually looked real. 180 degree shutter, especially at 60 fps, doesn't look real. Cinematic doesn't mean real; it means cinematic.

[@mbvglider]

@@_Joshhoffman Half of Japan runs on 60 Hz and half of Japan runs on 50 Hz. It's mad.

[@Yitzhakk]

WHat about if you are 3d Camera Tracking? I use high shutter speeds to matchmove. 180 or even 95 don't seem to work. Ive been shooting at 15 shutter angle at 24p. Im researching, now, how to composite the 15 shutter angle to emulate a 180 towards the end of the project using motion blur after tracking. Same with photogrammetry. You need higher shutter speeds.

[@loudandclearmedia]

A key thing not really discussed is the camera and subject's relative motion to each other. So for instance, I shoot interiors videos. With slow camera movements and a static subject (a room), 360 degree shutter can absolutely be used even for slow-mo delivery, and I often do use it to keep from having to crank ISO. If I were shooting sports, that would be different I can see a pretty strong use case for over cranking there. IMO the 180 degree rule is a good guideline for those just learning and a good general fallback in situations where literally anything would work, but it certainly isn't appropriate for every situation.

[@JakeGleim]

Excellent job Gerald. The only major thing unaccounted for in this overview is the speed of the object. Using a 360 shutter angle while shooting 60 fps or 120 fps can be very advantageous (as you can increase your exposure for low light, prevent gitter in extremely slow moving objects etc). I would advise the following caveat; if you need more light and your filming slower moving objects at high frame rates, you can most certainly slow down the shutter speed and get excellent results. I am glad to see someone has finally put this to the test.

[@Dmogul]

OMG this video is great 😊, I appreciate the break down I’ve been curious about all these same things

[@sandboxaperture7013]

This answers my question. I always wondered that if you shot everything at 120 with a 1/250 shutter speed, will you get the best of both worlds; being able to slow down your video to ultra slow mo while still being able to maintain natural looking motion blur in a 24fps timeline by simply dropping frames. The answer seems to be no. Shutter speed for 120 would need to be adjusted regardless of it being dropped in a 24fps timeline. Thank you Gerald Undone.

[@动漫区漫哥]

Hello dude,shoot at 60fps 1/100，does the motion blur looks natural？

[@RLubachesky]

His test method seemed quite efficient and his observation about the expectation of the amount of motion blur seems to me to be the key. Fast movements cause the expectation of more blur, so the rule works well. Shooting at 120fps something that doesn't move fast doesn't make sense and for fast movements, respecting 180 is the most efficient way to balance the blur rate. However, the frame rate of the human eye is variable, it falls considerably in low light and we see more blur in low light. I think that footage that feels like night should have more blur compared to footage that gives the feeling of a well-lit environment. This seems to me to be a special point to be explored in the creative construction of the footage.

[@geraldundone]

That's a very interesting idea. Cheers!

[@ja-kidnb6416]

7:35 looks at a spinning ruler and says it has a cinematic vibe... This seriously has to stop 😄

[@hereiamwitherickcruz6678]

I thought the same thing 😅

[@ja-kidnb6416]

@@hereiamwitherickcruz6678 Glad I'm not alone. I love Gerald for his reviews and insights as he doesn't follow the rule of the cinematic lut pack broll WHATSUP KZbin!! vibe... but of course someone finds something about something cinematic... haha

[@bens1058]

I know, I totally agree!

[@Riizq53]

gave me a chuckle, not that I am a pro by any means. But, this is very overly used no? The word "cinematic"

[@ja-kidnb6416]

@@Riizq53 It is THE youtuber/vlogger word next to something like "epic" or "lut pack" probably

[@JoshuaStancea]

Thank you for this test!

[@prepetually-exploding-mind]

Gerald you are possibly the only vlogger that makes videos that consider slowing down. Amazing content as usual. Oh and 11:25 LOLOL!

[@KyleClements]

I've been using the 1/60 at 60p trick for years to make sped-up-in-post footage look natural. I can't believe I never thought to take the idea forward into slowed-down high framerate footage. D'oh!

[@动漫区漫哥]

Hello dude,shoot at 60fps 1/100，does the motion blur looks natural？

[@electrictommichael]

I've always enjoyed iphonedo but now it's love.

[@edwardnixon1782]

I've got a camera that *does* shutter angle as an optional setting -- the LUMIX GH5 . I'm curious to know what changing the shutter angle vis-á-vis the frame rate generates in terms of... coherent comments from you panel of experts. There must be a lore about shutter angle going way back; I'd be curious for you to dredge some of it up and transpose it to now-a-days. Thanks for the info.

[@jamierobin8255]

Great video Gerald, Thank you!

[@Pfagnan]

THE KING OF KZbinRS - not even close- THANK YOU GERALD!!!!

[@BarkandJack]

Such an awesome channel. Thanks for sharing your useful knowledge. 🙌🏻

[@halimrahman]

I like your presentation method. Arguments (opening statements), questions in order to answer those arguments and closing remarks. I don't even understand what you're trying to explain here anyway, but definitely it works. I mean, there must be a physic rules to explain this, but I'm just too dumb for this. Good work anyway

[@dougzauha]

I have been using the 180 rule on all my vids, but am now going to make adjustments for higher frame rates and slowed down vids. Thanks for those two suggestions. Sure wish I had half of your knowledge...I might actually know what I am doing. Great stuff Gerald!!

[@SpikeColgate]

Thans for this and very helpful for a n00b. The 180 degree rule for 24p/30p timeline was understood and has been working well, but i was unsure on the 60/120 shots for use in slow motion situations and this has made things clearer!

[@jpbananaman]

I've struggled to articulate why my 60p 1/125 footage always looks garbage when played back in real time in a 24p timeline. This was immensely helpful to me.

[@JonathanAkosah]

Frames are dropping & too high shutter speed

[@Keeratipong]

Thank you so much for the explanation. I've been struggling with the soap opera effect that i didn't even know how to say it or google about it. Now i understand it's because i used to shot at 60p, 1/125th and play it none slow motion on 30p project. i'm pretty sure i will have to come back to watch this video again cause i couldn't remember the rules

[@kekchanbiggestfan]

I just love that the Gerald Undone comment section is where every youtuber hangs out

[@TallstoryfilmsAus]

Great video. One thing thats worth keeping in mind is that footage with people or actuality may read a bit differently to a spinning ruler. If you film sports or anything with a lot of movement at 120fps with 1/60th shutter and play it back in slow motion, the motion blur is going to be pretty distracting and probably look wrong to most people.

[@动漫区漫哥]

Hello dude,shoot at 60fps 1/100，does the motion blur looks natural？

[@Aviciiz]

7:39 spinning piece of paper has a cinematic vibe to it. lmao i'm sure it helped because it was shot on a full frame sensor?

[@YBMTB]

Lol yep

[@JonathanAkosah]

I loathe the usage of the word "cinematic" b/c of youtube. Slow motion & jittery video is what's cinematic here, that's crazy.

[@RubenKelevra]

Actually 24p is only useful if you can control the video playback device. Since most users consume on 60 Hz displays 24p looks not only choppy, which is what you're after, but also jerky - since the playback device has to draw some of the frames twice to fit the 24 frames into the 60 1/60th of a second frames. This results in motions which get stopped unevenly throughout the motion. If you cannot control the playback device, go for 30 fps and either 1/48th, 1/50th or 1/60th of a second, whichever look better to your eyes. This will deliver the best cinema experience on all devices. If you want to have less stuttery motions without the soap opera effect, go for 60p with 1/60s of a second, since the cameras might allow you to go below 1/60th, but won't capture 60 frames per second.

[@someone_at_large]

“The ruler spins so cinematically.” I thought he was been ironic. I thought...

[@stevewelsh__]

I nearly spat out a mouth full of weetbix laughing when I saw iPhonedo’s desktop image.

[@rickfuzzy]

I have come back to this video several times. Such a fantastic treatment of the subject

[@Minsetti]

He completely ignored the point about 24 fps footage on 60Hz displays though because it kind of makes any material recorded as 24 fps look like crap no matter the shutter speed. Unless you have a display capable of true 24/48 fps.

[@peek118]

A few months back I was thinking of the same problems, it just game me a headache, thank you for testing this and making it very clear.

[@staplercut]

I also noticed another thing. I think the first time i noticed it was on the camera store channel where Chris Niccols reviwed G85 and made a closeup shot of his face. With modern super sharp 4k footage 24p at 180 angle it looks wierd when static image starts to move a bit. All the crispy sharpness suddenly becomes unnaturally blurred. Wich makes me think that 180 degree rule was developed under another conditions, when perceived image detail was lower, but for hi-res video i think we shoul do lower shutter angle.

[@karolsobiesiak3754]

4:07 When shooting and delivering 60fps video you shouldn't set shutter speed to 1/50th. It's dependent on the camera, but you'll loose some frames (most likely have duplicates). Otherwise great job as always with testing this kind of stuff. Thanks for the video.

[@动漫区漫哥]

Hello dude,shoot at 60fps 1/100，does the motion blur looks natural？

[@fuglbird]

Nice warm up! Now we are all waiting for the ultimate test: The accelerating stagecoach. Different wheel diameters, different number of spokes, different shutter angles at 24 fps, 50 fps, 60 fps, 100 fps and 120 fps. I can't wait :)

[@AJKinOHIO]

Very informative, the only thing I would add to this video is discussing angle. I know shutter is the standard and the most popular but, to me at least, angle is so much easier to work with.

[@panagiotistsiverdis]

Good old Gerald Undone.. Best KZbin explainer for camera related things! Thanks again for the amazing content!

[@campfiresolutions]

Gerald, it would be 'Crazy' if you could shoot one of these videos with 3 cameras, at 3 different frame rates, at the same time and then upload together! You've touched on this before but, since you cant' show 60fps on video you've uploaded at 24p then, I think, it would be incredibly helpful to a confusing topic, especially for beginners or cavemen like myself to actually see the difference. I think it might also help us decide on What to shoot for- a real estate video would probably benefit from a different fps than a vlog or something that might look better slowed down for creativity. Just a thought. Keep up the amazing work.

[@StormShadowCrew]

or do what you want ! love you Gerald

[@jmac2050]

i shoot at 24 fps at 1/24 shutter speed , (Not double), in low light situations.. lower shutter speeds will increase exposure but, also increase motion blur; may need a tripod or hold steady. high shutter speeds will decrease exposure but, also decrease motion blur; may need to add lights or shoot in day light.

[@andreasbuder4417]

I absolutely don’t follow the 180 rule higher than 30fps. Literally nobody outside of tech nerds notices, and it would be a major hassle to use ND filters and therefore kills documentary shooting and run‘n‘gun. I don’t bother anymore, I did for way too long, because everyone screamed 180 degree without any factual argumentation.

[@andreasbuder4417]

To further emphasize: I use shutter degree angles of 45 or even lower, when shooting at 60fps, really nobody cares like at all.

[@Soundwave857]

Im used to my 144hz Monitor and im going to record everything with 4k 120 fps now >:) But imho, film with 24 fps if its a movie and film with 50/60 fps if its a vlog or event coverage. Also 50/60 fps on youtube has a different codec and is a lot more sharper than uploaded in 24 fps.

[@mrshaheedmalik]

"My name is Gerald Undone and I shoot it in post."

[@RubenLightfoot]

Fantastic video. Really useful! Question, though, why didn't you make your swinging arm longer and place the drill in the middle to prevent the accelerated downswing?

[@thatsamuellu]

Here's a question that I am struggled with, when you follow the 180-degree rule, put your camera on a tripod with 1/50 shutter in 24p. Walk from the left to the right through the frame, even not too fast, you will see the shuttery of the motion very dizzy..... I don't know it is only me or what, some channel's video looks smoother than others.

[@KevGoesRiding]

This is like the best shutter speed video ever. THANK YOU and THANKS TO ALL YOUR FRIENDS

[@Sky-wakka]

i swear the bloopers are the best part of your videos lol

[@JeffParker]

You're leaving out an important part of this equation, the refresh rate of the monitor you're watching the footage on.

[@blaspayri]

I agree .... I am having problems with movement fluidity, so I tend to download the videos instead of playing them over youtube .... to see if playing at the proper framerate is better. But I wonder what is the proper rate for the computer. Also, when doing screen captures in video .... it seems something hard to achieve when you are recording a video and nothing seems really in sync

[@Quetzalcoatl0]

Yep, 95% of devices are still on 60hz displays so 24p needs 3/2 pull down ratio to fit into 60hz, this adds jerkiness on smooth panning shots. I don't get it why KZbinrs cry about shooting videos in 24p especially when it's gonna be played 100% on a KZbin video player that will NOT change the frequency of the screen to match it or at least make it double like it do with my monitor. I switch it to 48hz. 24p is slowly getting into religions territory. Also if you are just talking and waving hands, it doesn't matter if its 24p or 30p. I bet 90% of the people watching won't even notice.

[@jefparker]

@@Quetzalcoatl0, exactly. Frame one shows twice, frame two shows twice, frame three shows THREE times, etc. 24fps on 60Hz is a mess. KZbinrs are romanticizing jerkiness, not a more filmic look. Fortunately 24fps gets less messy on 120Hz and higher monitors.

[@Pfagnan]

@@Quetzalcoatl0 24p is old-school. Time to move on!

[@carlosteixeira5747]

great video. well done... I am so glad that the panasonic GH cameras has the ability to show in the display the degree shutter. make life a little easier.

[@MadRC]

Great info and very well done. Love it. Thanks this pretty much aligns with what I have been doing. Outstanding as always.

[@rudolphlagarrigue5072]

Thank you gerald for sharing your experience. I think we can break the rule of doubling the shutter speed by two (rules are create to be break) it depends of what we are shooting: is camera moving? Is speed action in the field? Do i need to stabilise this shoot? Generally I prefer more blur than too much shutter speed and Sony never apply this rule on their camera when shooting in 50p sony start automatically at 1/50 not 100 very good choice. That said I can even shoot 50p at 1/25 if there is subtile mouvement and need more frames for stabilyse or need one diaf more (you have to edit in 50p to stabilise with max frames)... it depends of the speed of mouvements the focal used in your field. I usually shoot 50p at 1/50 edit in 50p timeline and export to 25p. Good stabilisation need more shutter speed so you have to choose good equation.

[@动漫区漫哥]

Hello dude,shoot at 60fps 1/100，does the motion blur looks natural？

[@rudolphlagarrigue5072]

@@动漫区漫哥 natural yes but be care if you shoot 60p that is you are in ntsc country normally so 30 60 or 120 is better for flickering

[@ottokite]

Well explained, thanks. I must be weird as apart from playback speed I cannot see a difference between the different framerates.

[@mikepolaroid]

Fantastic video Gerald like all your videos but this one in particular is a really simplified visual representation of a rather complex filming technicality and you have articulated it in an easy to understand demonstration With definitive answers