Cells and Life | Prep.1 | Unit 3 - Lesson 1 | Science

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In This Part :
The cell
It is the basic unit of structure and function in any living organism.
Classification
The arrangement of living organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences to facilitate their study and identification.
First: Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms
❶ Unicellular Organisms
Microorganisms characterized by the following characteristics, including :
▌Their body consist of a single cell , so they are called unicellular organisms.
▌Unspecialized, meaning that the cell performs all vital processes necessary for life.
▌They cannot be seen by the naked eye, but can be observed under a light microscope, so they are called microscopic organisms.
Example :
Yeast fungus. - Bacteria.
Protozoa such as Amoeba and Paramecium. - Euglena
❷ Multicellular Organisms
Living organisms characterized by the following characteristics, including:
• Their body consist of many cells, so they are called multicellular organisms.
• Their cells are differentiated, meaning that they vary in their shape and structure.
• Their cells are specialized in their function, meaning that each group of cells
performs specific vital processes.
• Relatively large in size and can be seen by the naked eye.
Example:
• Plants.
• Animals.
• Fungi, such as : Bread mold fungus and Mushroom fungus.
 
Second: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
The figures in front of you and the following table illustrate the detailed structure of a bacterial cell (Prokaryote), a plant cell and an animal cell (Eukaryotes):
Like clay which can be transformed into various shapes of pottery, there is a type
of cell that can be transformed into many types of cells in higher animals and human,
known as stem cells.
Stem Cells
Undifferentiated cells that have the ability to be transformed and differentiated into all the differentiated cells of the body, that perform a specialized functions.
Stem Cells in Human
It's characteristics:
Stem cells, are characterized by many properties, including:
1. Their ability to renew themselves through division and produce more stem cells.
2. Their ability to differentiate into specialized types of cells found in the body.
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