Muscles of the Thigh - Anterior Compartment

Muscles of the Thigh - Anterior Compartment | Anatomy Tutorial

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We have four muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh. First muscle to be indicated is the quadriceps femoris , and as it name implies ,it has four parts: three vasti muscles and rectus femoris muscle.
First we will draw the vastus intermedius muscle which is deepest part of quadriceps femoris. Its origin is from the anterior and lateral aspects of the upper three-fourth of the shaft of femur and its insertion is into the base of the patella.
Having origin from the greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera is the vastus lateralis . This muscle inserts into the lateral part of the base of the patella.
Having origin from the lower part of intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera is the vastus medialis muscle. This muscle inserts into the medial part of the base of the patella and upper two thirds of the medial border of the patella.
The fourth and the last part of the quadriceps femoris is the rectus femoris muscle. This muscle has two origins. Its straight head arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine. Its reflected head arises from a groove above the acetabulum. The two heads meet at an acute angle and form a fusiform belly, which descends vertically downward to be inserted into the base of the patella, just anterior to the insertion of vastus intermedius.
Keep in mind that the quadriceps femoris muscle with its indicated four parts insert directly into the patella and indirectly into the tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon / ligament. Thus it is generally considered that the patella is a sesamoid bone placed in the structure of the tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle.
The second muscle to be indiacted in the anterior compartment of the thigh is the tensor faciae latae. This musle arises from the anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest. It is inserted into the iliotibial tract, few centimeters bellow the level of greater trochanter. Inferiorly, the tract is attached to a smooth area on the anterior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia.
The third muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh is the Sartorius musle which is the longest muscle of the human body. Its arises from the anterior superior iliac spine and its insertion is into the upper part of the medial surface of the shaft of tibia.
The fourth and the last muscle to be indicated in the anterior compartment of the thigh is the articularis genu muscle. This is a small muscle placed behind the inferior part of vastus intermedius . It consists of three or four muscular slips which arise from the anterior surface of the lower part of the shaft of the femur and insets into the upper part of the synovial membrane of the knee joint. The articularis genu pulls the synovial membrane upward to prevent its damage when the knee is extended.
Regarding the nerve supply of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh keep in mind that all them are supplied by the femoral nerve except the tensor fasciae latae which is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve.

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