My thoughts On The EmDrive

[@nintent9853]

"Man spends 20 years of his life and disproves laws of physics rewriting everything we know, his first response is 'i did it so Cody would eat his hat' "

[@magnetospin]

Well, I guess I won't get to see Cody eat his hat.

[@manipulativer]

IVO will be testing quantum drive in space in about 3 months Works via quantized inertia which explains dark matter away@@magnetospin

[@chuckthebull]

I was more fascinated at the fact you could write with both hands equally well.

[@TristanBomber]

...you mean equally bad?

[@chuckthebull]

TristanBomb I was trying to be cordial...lol

[@EpicDoggiez]

2:12 blue (left) is sloppier...

[@dileanperdomo3821]

C'mon who couldn't tell he is only right handed...

[@joshkeitz2990]

Cody's one of those humans that's realized, "I have two hands"

[@MrMohayder]

Acually if something is going at .67c the relatvistic effects are quite important! As a rule of thumb you can say that you have to do the calculation relativistic if speeds over .1c occur.

[@theCodyReeder]

meh gama was only like 1.3

[@MrMohayder]

OMG you replied :) I am a huge fan and physics student myself from Germany (yeah it is 3 in the night but whatever...). Great video though and I dont think you are in a big risk of needing to eat your hat, but only time will tell and I would be just as exited as you would (maybe more because it would be a breakthrough in physics and I would get to see a video of you eating your hat).

[@Yotanido]

I'm German, too. There is absolutely nothing wrong with watching Cody's videos at 3:30 am :P

[@firexgodx980]

+MrMohayder "Germany" You guys need to fix your gun laws. The right to bear arms is a basic human right

[@issachocolate5116]

German gun laws are better.. and more secure... look up joerge sparves video of the gun laws :)

[@raymonddeaniii6837]

I am more amazed by Cody's coordination and ability to write with both hands at the same time than the em drive itself

[@GoodWithHands27]

CMON ROCKET SCIENTISTS FIGURE THIS ONE OUT!!! NOW WE GOT A GUY EATING A HAT ON THE LINE

[@RyomaEchizenAnime]

God damnit, I want the laws of physics broken now!

[@mendaxMultorum]

Leigh when he brings you pictures of spider-man but you wanted a scientific theory on how the em drive works

[@CJT3X]

But... this literally isn't rocket science.

[@GoodWithHands27]

did you just...

[@calebkirschbaum8158]

I know charles. This is just your average quantum mechanics, just some simple stuff.

[@ir0nm8n]

so you basically wanted to show off your two hand writing skills ;D

[@stevenswenson7041]

Well I hope that we will someday see a video on how to prepare a cotton hat for consumption. Lol.

[@brk932]

you mean guncotton ? explosions?

[@hezechiahjones8365]

+Krasimir Ivanov he means how to eat a hat

[@hey7328]

easiest way to shred it up and grind it extremely fine. then eat it and wash down with water

[@ergogray3143]

with or sans salt?

[@IamGrimalkin]

Hydrolyse the cellulose to get glucose or maltose, then it would be edible.

[@Andrew..J]

so am i the only one flipping at the fact that Cody is ambidextrous?

[@Newtype93]

Is he really? I thought he was just trying to right with his left hand.

[@jessedrabble]

I thought he left with his right hand.

[@GP3D_Designs]

He isn't ambidextrous, just by looking at the way he holds the pen in his left hand, you can also compare his writting.

[@Austincarpenter42]

my conclusion is that he is %75 ambidextrous. my reasoning is as follows. At first I felt that he was left hand dominate due to clean crisp and we'll defined writing. After about 4 minutes of observation I flipped my conclusion to Cody being primarily right handed due to his right hand producing more relaxed and natural characters while his left hand had started clean crisp and concise was deteriorating into forced blocky and lifeless letters. In other words he is very close to fully ambidextrous but after a few minutes of continuous writing, natural tendencies started to emerge which were very apparent with his right hand while his left hand receeded to a state of lifelessness that seemed very raw. I have come to this conclusion due solely to my knowledge of my own ambidextrousness. I am dominant with my left hand but that only becomes apparent once I have been writing with both hands over an extended period of time. my left hand falls in to a natural rhythm while my right hand becomes forced and lifeless. for all I know I am completely wrong, I'm just coming to a conclusion with the information immediately available to me, without scouring through cody's previous videos for clues. honestly I feel that this circumstantial approach to this quandary is fitting considering the subject matter of this video. well that's all I have what everyone else's thoughts on the matter?

[@emilia_rem7808]

Same here

[@JonBruce-BlueDev]

Ambidextrous... I'm jealous. :P

[@MsHojat]

Although pretty terrible at writing with either hand though :P

[@definitelynotofficial7350]

For some reason writing on boards with both hands is easier than writing on paper with both hands. Everyone is sort of ambidextrous on boards. Try it.

[@JonBruce-BlueDev]

I might do that.

[@hellterminator]

+DefinitelyNotOfficial Because you write bigger letters on a board, so the worse fine motor control in your non-dominant hand is less pronounced.

[@tombaker5023]

Just give it a try for a while, it can be learned

[@MEGAF4IL]

Use incandescent or halogen bulbs instead of fluorescent lights to remove the horizontal lines in the video, any lightsource with a hz rating will create lines on a video/picture depending on the shutter speed/ISO of the camera.

[@NavinF]

It only depends on fps, not shutter speed or ISO unless your camera automatically changes fps when you change shutter/ISO

[@xx_shrek_420_blaze_xxbruh7]

I never thought Cody would ever fail a class.

[@kodiak1010]

People like cody usually dont do well in school actually. Hes inquisitive and seems to not take word on faith without dissection and self analysis. Not the best attributes when tests are about cramming loads of knowledge into your skull in small time frames.

[@edwardshea5084]

also in a video a while ago he said he had taken that course many times and was tired and just deiced to fail it.

[@michieldrost9396]

expectations crushed.. unsubbed. :3

[@bellefeu4933]

Can confirm. Thankfully I've looked past that for my college years (unlike H.S.>2.0gpa) and have pulled out a 4.0

[@shurken01]

"not take word on faith without dissection and self analysis" so basically you're saying a majority of people in scientific research did terrible in school?

[@gertrejo8331]

Engineering explained with Cody's voice

[@1320crusier]

Much easier to watch isnt it?

[@gertrejo8331]

Less gray hair and more phisycs

[@mikemiller5637]

According to my 8th grade mathematics background magnets are magic, and produce free energy forever.

[@Erowens98]

Don't magnets deteriorate over time though? Honestly i have no idea, my background is in luthiery (Guitar Building) and guitar pickups (magnets with wire wound around them) do indeed demagnitize over time. If anyone smarter than me could explain how im wrong or right and why, that would be awesome.

[@mikemiller5637]

Nah man, magnets are magic.

[@hey7328]

magnets do lose their strength if they're used under a load for a while

[@mikemiller5637]

***** You guys just need better magnets.

[@Gameboygenius]

Actually, the word magnet stands for magic net force. I almost finished 9th grade science, so you know I'm right.

[@Stubrok]

Best outro on KZbin…..man I wish I discovered you 10 years ago…..you’re one of a kind Cody, never change (but obviously evolve).

[@Meinzelin]

I laughed so hard when you said "I would be more than happy to eat this hat" lol. You rock Cody

[@austincain764]

During the intro it looked like you wrote Cody Slab xD

[@kodiak1010]

Lol i thought the same. It was just for equivalence but still

[@darklordrowan6152]

I always knew Cody and Etho were related

[@bgor1412]

return the slab.

[@TheAce5399]

Oh look, nightmare fuel from my childhood.

[@GrandMaMaYT]

+brennan gorman or suffer my curse

[@SvetlinTotev]

In astrophysical computations you take into account the relativistic effects at 2% the speed of light but for Cody 60% is not enough to take that into account. I know it is not important in the exact case you showed but still it looks so funny.

[@MikeM8891]

Wow! This is so exciting! The Em Drive is almost as efficient as a flashlight!

[@TheJourney132]

I love that I keep hearing about Isaac Arthur, I have been following his channel for years and later stumbled upon Cody here only to realize they seem to know each other.... This is amazing! I wish I could hangout with these guys XD

[@jsullivan05]

Cody... You're just a cool dude. Back in highschool I never cared about interesting stuff like this, well I did but I was too afraid of what my friends would say, I was on the football team and for some reason being stupid was cool, once I got to college I found that I LOVED math, I mean it's amazing, it's the language of the universe, now that I'm (almost) 30, I just think back to all the kids I was a piece of shit to, all the kids I ignored or bullied that were ACTUALLY the cool kids in highschool but I didn't know it at the time. You have become one of my favorite YT channels and I REALLY loved this new form of video you did, please make more like it bud.

[@HonorNecris]

It bothers me how so many articles I see about the EmDrive show a picture of a Hall effect thruster - They admittedly look badass so I can see why they are using the image, but let's be accurate. It shouldn't be all about how many clicks you can get on your article.

[@loftsatsympaticodotc]

Reminds me of a video I just saw talking about 9mm bullets fired from a 'machine gun' over a vid clip a belt fed heavy machine gun feeding a belt of .50 cal. ammo through the breach!

[@Lorkin32]

i understood like 2% of that shit. But i really wanna see you eat that hat. so, go science... i think..?

[@user-qx7tm5df8j]

:)

[@mikec1735]

I'm with you on that one pal

[@paranoidx9]

Basically what Cody is saying Whatever BS you come up with has to abide by the Law of Physics. If this is proven wrong. He would be so happy that his hat will be breakfast :)

[@bdf2718]

Measurable thrust? Yeah, using the most sensitive instruments and getting results that are close to the noise threshold. That is, close enough to no thrust at all that a fly farting in the next room could account for the observations.

[@hfyaer]

Yes! But he's perfectly right! The only way to make him eat his hat is discovering how to generate some kind of gravity tunnel that could localy increase gravity force exerced by distant heavy objects. Good luck guys!

[@44R0Ndin]

So did you hear that someone's actually going to launch one on a cubesat? IMO it's about dang time, an experiment with repeatable, verifiable results will ALWAYS beat any amount of theoretical work because it proves what the real world does, not what we think the real world does. From what I heard it's only better than an ion drive because you don't have to carry propellant, not because it puts out more thrust. Additionally, I've heard it does put out more thrust than a "photon drive", not sure how much better. The most promising theory to me is that it's using "virtual" particle pairs as reaction mass. These are particles that are theorized to pop in and out of existence constantly on extremely short time scales. If there's a way to push on these particles after they're created but before they spontaneously annihilate, the change in momentum of those particles is annihilated right along with the particles. Just had a random thought, if the rate of production of virtual particles is influenced by gamma radiation flux, the drive would operate better in space than it does on the surface of Earth (due to the higher radiation in space).

[@theCodyReeder]

Well I will say that I look forward to eating a hat.

[@Lonescavanger]

I don't want to believe this device can break what we know about physics but I'll be just as excited if we're wrong and learn something new

[@44R0Ndin]

***** For me, the EmDrive is still firmly in the "I'll believe it when I see it" category, as is only reasonable. I do hope it works, fortunately I haven't promised to eat a hat or anything like that!

[@44R0Ndin]

Dane Mari That's the thing about the laws of physics. We can't break them. They're just a description of how we THINK things work. If we were wrong about how things work, the laws of physics aren't thrown out, they're updated to reflect the new data. Laws of physics are a predictive tool. The job of a physicist is to keep the laws of physics up to date so that predictions made using those laws match reality as closely as possible. The thing is, you don't learn much if you're always right. This is why scientists love to be surprised by the results of their experiments, and/or have their hypotheses disproven. There are still several very large areas of physics that are largely unknown, even in something as well known as gravity. We know gravity's effects (stuff falls down, orbital mechanics, black holes, etc.), but we don't know the characteristics of the particle that carries it. Once we figure out that, it's almost certainly going to be called a graviton, but right now that's basically a word without a scientific definition beyond "particle that carries gravitational interactions". I'm not even sure if we know if changes in a gravity field travel at the speed of light or not.

[@bernzeppi]

Someone kindly produced a link to the purported paper in question.... I draw your attention to page 18 sectionF where it states "... Produced no thrust" Read and weep... You can bypass the guff and the calculations at the end where they include thrust calculations for a 2 megawatt 9 ton craft with hypothetically positive thrust results. They found nothing except learnt a lot of lessons about dialectics.... But no thrust. Oh well...l www.libertariannews.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/AnomalousThrustProductionFromanRFTestDevice-BradyEtAl.pdf

[@geobeard3804]

Nice, you and Isaac produce all my favorite videos on youtube!

[@tumbl3r]

Really liked this video, Cody! Very well done!

[@CaptainMug]

I didn't know you could speak Chinese, because that sure as hell sounded like Chinese to me....

[@MartijnMcFly]

More like Greek actually.

[@aserta]

That'd be Hellenic actually.

[@CaptainMug]

Fester Blats -.-' Let me guess... you're German??

[@Jharrod]

You do know Chinese isn't a language right...?

[@Jharrod]

Chinese is the language group. Madrin, Cantonese, Wuhanese, Shanghainese, Beijinese, Fujianese are all Chinese dialects( or the languages)

[@electronicsNmore]

Wearing the gloves makes me think of a burglar. LOL Great video.

[@gr8momba]

Wtf man you're writing with both hands. Can't tell what your normal strong hand is cause you have Dr writing.

[@calinculianu]

But I've seen him only use the left to write in other videos where he's writing out his notes..

[@noahpage7459]

Neon White pretty positive left was dominant in this video

[@chrishill601]

And this, dear friend, in my experience, is the the down-side to ambidexterity. Equal talent does not mean equally *good* talent.

[@alexnico3028]

He's equally bad with both hands lol

[@ForestSongUnLTD]

i liked this video man. keep expanding your creative horizons.

[@goldendragon3147]

I’m quite late, and with all due respect, I’m fairly sure from what I saw in Scott Manley’s 2nd video on the EM drive, they found out it was a magnetic interference they were reading and it actually didn’t produce any thrust sadly! :(

[@KyleNelson279]

Yeah, i lost ya at 0:01

[@Skandalos]

No shit, way too fast, no chance to follow. Please recreate the video half speed, Cody!

[@TheSatsumaman]

Change the video to 0.5 speed in the settings.

[@yoshirocks64]

Anyone else notice Cody's ambidextrous? Or am I just going crazy? 🐸

[@clansapngad9312]

Yes...

[@jpedrovet]

Yeah, but his handwriting is ugly with either hand. Impressive, nonetheless.

[@FURYzjEh]

I was looking after that comment xD

[@Teekeks]

fun fact: I am ambidextrous too, but my left hand has still the vastly different (and worse) writing style from my early school days, while I improved my right hand dramatically... Its just so impractical to write with the left hand.

[@chadherbert18]

I do this too whenever I get to play on a white board. It's not that hard if you write the same word with both hands! Try writing both hands same direction, then try moving in the opposite direction, then try two different words, etc. After about ten minutes you'll be writing in ways you never thought you could! :)

[@htannberg]

Hi Cody ! Just have to say that I'm always amazed at the quality of your videos. Keep up the great work. I have a projector for you. Since you are interested in the EM Drive, I would like to challenge you to testing a Townsend-Brown device, another name is Biefeld-Brown_effect. Supposedly Town's technology was clasified after it was tested in a large room sized vacuum chamber. It would be great to get your opinion if this technology could be used in space. Keep those videos coming!

[@cianmattern1896]

The video style is great, reminds me of minute physics/earth. Just with more detail. Keep it up Cody!

[@elli6781]

Like the new format, keep up the good work

[@GetOutsideYourself]

You're off by 4 orders of magnitude on the thrust. It's 0.002 N/kW (2001), and NASA got even less in 2014, on the order of 0.000002 N/kW, which are numbers much easier explained by error than re-writes of physics. The EM drive has not been proven effective, yet, and may never be.

[@kamilkoczurek484]

What? EM drives were predicted by our current understanding of physics and should work just fine.

[@TheOneAndOnlySame]

No they're not, dumbo. Stop pretending that you know anything about physics, right now.

[@ggoddkkiller1342]

EM drive would work just fine if you are really willing to spend few thousand years for going to insanely close Mars...

[@veyrenwolf6530]

Amazing! If you where by some miracle able to escape the earth's orbit you would be able to show people what snails would be like in zero gravity!

[@dizekat]

Everyone keeps saying NASA this NASA that. Like some impartial scientists at NASA had tested some wacky new theory. What happened instead is that a physicist from the alternative energy&momentum scene (Paul March) got a job at NASA and proceeded to confirm alternate energy just as he did before, and just as badly, but now under NASA's name. Previously he had been replicating a much more powerful drive (see "Woodward effect"), too bad other researchers measured nothing with a more sensitive setup.

[@theslimeylimey]

Please correct me if I'm wrong on this. At 200,000,000 m/s (2x10^8 m/s) relative mass increases about 1/3. Wouldn't this significantly reduce the efficiency of 23% you calculated @4:30 because the same thrust is acting on a now higher mass resulting in less acceleration?

[@noreason2701]

You're an idiot

[@roff96]

The efficiency is calculated as output (kinetic) energy divided by input energy, so the acceleration of the object is irrelevant.

[@theslimeylimey]

I understood his calculated velocity gain of 0.0000072m/s was based on an at rest mass of 1kg and a starting velocity of 1000 m/s. He then he used the same velocity gain but applied it to a starting speed of 0.6C. I dont see how an object with an effective mass 34% higher could have the same velocity gain given the same input energy.

[@ghgelu]

Yep, I agree with theslimeylimey (nice name though). You can´t apply non relativistic equasions when going at such a high speed. (Well you can but your answer will be wrong)

[@theslimeylimey]

ghgelu Thx. My formal science/physics education ended with high school in the 80's so I need people better educated than myself in this area to keep learning and understanding.

[@bpark10001]

You might want to know how the EMdrive stuff got started. It was simulated on a computer and the result indicated that tiny thrust would be generated because the "light pressures" inside would not be perfectly balanced. A scientist (Dick Garwin) looked at the analysis and concluded that there were slight errors in the simulation at the sharp corners. The errors "produced" the net thrust. Garwin's position is "launch a test satellite with a test engine and look at its orbit".

[@sergey1519]

Brian Park why not?

[@electricengineerwannabe5499]

Have you got any source?

[@0x73V14]

but if they do that then the grant money goes away and they have to get a real job

[@porporbiba7444]

This type of videos are super cool. glad you made one.

[@burns9281]

thanks cody for giving isaac arthur some love. i really like both your and isaacs channels

[@user-lp2op9uu1w]

Cody, a tipp for the future, get a lamp (like 12V) hooked up to a DC supply to light the white board, that way you wont get any flicker from the 60 Hz AC. But you probably know this ;)

[@theCodyReeder]

I did try but the color was all off, I'll have to ask around to see how its done.

[@user-lp2op9uu1w]

Right I see, what about the white balance? Is there a option to change that on the camera?

[@Gameboygenius]

Just use a fusion reactor to light the board. Indirectly, of course, since fusion reactors tend to be very bright and directional light sources.

[@user-lp2op9uu1w]

Gameboygenius Are you saying he should go outside?

[@Gameboygenius]

Malte Gruber Well, if you can find another suitable fusion reactor, tell me immediately!

[@danoduncan1763]

VERY excited about this breakthrough and also to watch you eat your hat... ;)

[@mqb3gofjzkko7nzx38]

I wouldn't hold my breath.

[@bendova2095]

"All these kerbal space program players know..." (playing KSP while watching video.)

[@DIYExperiments]

I have exactly the same way of thinking ! Immediately look if it can brake the conservation of energy, and therefore whether it is "possible" or not.

[@jasjones5346]

WOW That was great to see the maths done with it all. Keep going.

[@WhatWillHappenIf0]

Cool both hand writing man. ☺☺

[@kenjutaijutsu]

Its 1.2 micro Newtons per watt.not KW. This is also 1.2 milli Newtons per KW. Someone probably conflated the two expressions.For far interplanetary flight like Saturn you use a Nuclear thermoelectric generator as has been used in deep space probes where solar panels become useless. The thrust sounds small but pushing on a probe for a few years straight adds up.

[@workinonitSurge]

The teaser at the end! Teach us how to make unlimited energy from magnets brah! Seriously though, would be cool if you could review or debunk that myth of free energy using magnetic based motors.

[@theCodyReeder]

easy: magnets cant be used to make free energy.

[@trailerparkproductions8854]

get rekt

[@workinonitSurge]

No do better! I want a video explainer! lol :D

[@abonynge]

Magnets will always find a point of equilibrium. It will take more to shift that point of equilibrium than it will generate.

[@theram8787]

Been a fan for 3 years and I just saw this video.... love it

[@onehitpick9758]

This is the most sensible video I've seen on this topic so far.

[@CateChapelle]

I have a question kinda unrelated to this video. I've just started AP Chem and we've been doing some labs involving extracting "pure"(our equipment is pretty low-budget) metals from oxides. I was wondering if there's a way to extract sodium metal from table salt.

[@goose300183]

It can be done with something called the Down's Process. It basically involves electrolysis of molten salt (massively dangerous to attempt if you don't know how to handle it!) You would have to choose the electrodes carefully.

[@CateChapelle]

Ok, so not something I can do with a bunsen burner and a dirty crucible.

[@theCodyReeder]

I think you could do it, just react it with magnesium powder. for sodium chloride the temperature might be too high (would form sodium vapor) but if you first made it into sodium hydroxide it would be pretty easy.

[@CateChapelle]

***** Interesting. Thanks!

[@goose300183]

Good thinking from Cody there. I seem to remember nighthawkinlight having a video about that. He adds Mg to NaOH to get Na metal that way.

[@ZdrytchX]

Dafaq, that tihng at the end? As it slowly descends it spins up?

[@GoldSrc_]

Eddy currents, look them up, shit's like witchcraft lol. You can also watch some of Brainiac75 videos about magnets and Eddy currents.

[@ZdrytchX]

I know about eddy currents but I didn't know you could make something spin with it

[@andrewlorona7360]

it doesn't spin up (he was probably lightly blowing on it) and its not eddy currents for the last one. it is for the first three demonstrations though. I know because I have made one before.

[@andrewlorona7360]

He also could have used another small magnet to apply a small rotational force to make it accelerate.

[@theCodyReeder]

or is it a brief preview of my nuclear reactor. ;)

[@Mullgen]

I find it amazing that I decide to take a break from "studying" for my Calc3 midterm to watch this, and less than a min in you tell me you failed Calc3. Are you that little voice in my head telling me to study Cody?

[@trex9907]

I love Issac's stuff and yours lol. Thanks for the video.

[@richhagenchicago]

I happened to run across this information from a study in 1983, the researchers were trying to detect axions by using a high Q microwave chamber. Axions are dark matter candidates and the proposed detection method involved using a high Q microwave cavity, permeated by a strong magnetic field, detecting Axions by microwave photons they give off as they pass through a strong magnetic field. My question would be if additional photons given off by occasional interactions with whatever em fields exist on the drive could account for the additional thrust. The information derives from a 1998 article in the National academy of sciences titled: Direct Searches For Dark Matter: Recent Results, 6 Jan 1998.

[@MrCilliman]

Wow. apparently cody plays KSP. Cool!

[@noivern1380]

I think i read somewhere that he had been playing it since before it came out for steam

[@flst1239]

back in the good old days

[@arty5279]

McGlowSticks That game is pure beauty, and really it depends on how you look at it too. The game can be pure hilarity with the possiblility of very absurd creations, or can be very serious as the game has a decent physics engine and is good at simulating how space travel could work. (Besides when the planets are asses. Especially Jool, fuck you Jool)

[@MrCilliman]

Havent played in a while, no time. but i wanna play it again soon

[@arty5279]

And if its too boring, here's a mod for you: (it supports 1.2.2) mods.curse.com/ksp-mods/kerbal/223900-kerbal-attachment-system-kas . This will help if you need some extra parts to dick around with.

[@TonzieNorman]

Bro explain that last magnet trick.

[@Sam-ze9mo]

I believe that the magnet was on a supercooled superconductor (I don't know why it does that though)

[@kevinschultz7040]

I am petty sure that those little circles of gold foil are there to reflect more light then the magnet block and thus is pushed like a waterwheel when sunlight hits one side. Don't count me on this but it is a good hypothesis.

[@theCodyReeder]

Actually the gold disks where made of an extremely radioactive material.

[@spongejacobw123]

it works by using SCIENCE B!CH!!!

[@Ubya_]

EDDY CURRENTS

[@SupremeGamingStyle]

If this microwave engine proves out and has thrust created by microwaves in any direction of action regardless of the findings of theory of operation, what does this say about the cosmic microwave background left over from the Biggest Bang. Is this providing thrust to everywhere??? Is electro-magnetic waves the source of universal expansion???

[@RomanNumural9]

a fun idea, but I think you would need some kind of apparatus to make the radiation do anything that people don't already know about

[@ghgelu]

Nice idea, here is why it shouldnt work: The Expansion of the Universe is accelerating (positiv of course) while the cosmic background radiation is getting weaker=>space should slow down expanding which is not the case.

[@orestasvanagas9572]

does the acceleration(not speed) slow down or speed up?

[@ghgelu]

It is speeding up. If you are interested I recommend that you watch this Video : Three ways to destroy the universe by Kurzgesagt. (We believe that the universe expands because of Dark energy)

[@orestasvanagas9572]

ghgelu i have so much better explanation for expansion that you won't believe it's existence (explanation existence)

[@Loswave]

The Oberth effect is an orbital mechanic for maximizing fuel efficiency. It doesn't translate in a straight line the way you were using it, it's also not an unbounded effect. Once you get past escape velocity for the system you are in you are basically just doing a gravity assist. Anyways, great video's Cody! Keep em' coming!

[@galacticpopulators6956]

Don't make something simple unnecessarily complicated. Momentum is conserved at each instant. CONCEPTUALLY here is what is going on: The vacuum is composed of a sea of virtual particles constantly popping in and out of existence. They form as particle pairs, and many of them are charged particles. Think of the short time during which a virtual particle pair exists. Imagine the particle pair in the center of a blackboard in front of you. Imagine applying a time-varying electric field on the surface of the blackboard. It is first a single horizontal field which separates the particles, negative to the left, and positive to the right. Then the field splits into 2 opposing vertical fields: One on the left and one on the right. The field on the left propels the negative particles on the left downward, while the field on the right (of opposing orientation) also propels the positive particles on the right downward. Momentum is conserved, and the source of the field ("quantum rocket") is accelerated upward while each of the oppositely-charged particles is accelerated downward. Then the virtual particles dissolve back into the quantum vacuum. The field is turned off. A new set of charged virtual particle pairs is formed, and the process repeats. It's like rowing a boat: During each pull of the oars, momentum is conserved. But in between pulls, the accelerated "quantum water" disappears from the classical universe, and subsequently new water is reformed. This is the electric field gedanken. A version based on the magnetic field also exists. Charged virtual particle pairs are born at random velocities which average to zero momentum. In the magnetic dual, their motion relative to the magnetic fields causes magnetic interaction. Their momenta are modified by the applied time-varying magnetic fields analogous to the electric fields described above during their short lifetimes, but then the virtual particles once again cease to exist, along with their (slightly modified) velocity vectors. The apparent complexity of this "inertial skyhook" thruster is due to the geometry, mechanics, electronics, and methods of engineering used to describe the construction of this particular implementation of the experimental prototype. The underlying principle is simply to accelerate virtual particles during the minuscule time intervals that they exist.

[@theCodyReeder]

So this would actually be pretty easy to test, if it was in fact interacting with the quantum foam we should see new particles forming out of nowhere since the interaction would change them into real particles. I'm not sure what wevlenth of photons it would create but Gama rays seem likely and are very easy to detect.

[@galacticpopulators6956]

***** - Good point. Accelerating a virtual particle during its quasi-real existence will affect its lifetime, but I'm not sure by how much. Because the number and type of quasi-virtual particles with which the field interacts is a function of many variables, I cannot immediately see my way clear to calculate how many particles of what kinds will live how much longer due to an interaction with a known electromagnetic field. (And therefore what "exhaust" we should expect to observe.) You're the one who often comes up with extremely clever ideas for shortcuts to approximate complex physical behavior. Any ideas? BTW, I do not believe that arguments based on macroscopic violations of conservation of energy are any more applicable to the microscopic quantum aspects of this problem than are those based on conservation of momentum. Here's the gedanken which allowed me to think beyond the horizon of classical physics WRT these issues: Imagine the "edges" of the observable universe, i.e. the sphere centered on the observer and bordered by the surface where red-shift causes the energy of emitted radiation to become zero as observed from the center. Massive particles, and even stars, often cross this boundary, so when considering that boundary of the universe, conservation of the total energy contained within the universe does not apply. As the universe expands, it is always losing mass-energy. So what is to say some similar boundary does not exist at the quantum limit? Particle pairs are born with random velocities, and therefore random kinetic energy WRT the observer. Virtual particles' lifetimes are typically on the order of femtoseconds. Virtual particles are known to exist in regions of space containing fields, therefore their velocity is modified during their lifetime. This implies their momentum and kinetic energy are also modified. When they pass back out of existence, no mechanism exists within the non-differentiated vacuum to carry or maintain their momentum or energy -- lest it be some global (universe-wide) mechanism akin to Mach's Principle.

[@stefanfun]

Soooo... All the people who work on this say they aren't sure what's happening, but you dingus have the absolute answer? Interesting

[@aaronschofield7817]

GalacticPopulators im never ever ever going to take a physics class after reading that.

[@MadocComadrin]

S.T. Funken Some of the people who say the EM drive should work offer this as a possible explanation. There are issues with it.

[@vj512]

as for the lines, shoot in 30fps in USA and 25fps in Europe. Alternatively use Pal or Ntsc settings /30fps for 60Hz electricity and 25fps for 50Hz

[@theCodyReeder]

THat is actually a very good tip.

[@DJ_Dett]

Also, avoid using LED lighting unless it's designed for filming. They tend to have a flicker to them.

[@chaosopher23]

Design the LED lamp so it doesn't have flicker: DC. Battery power is useful here.

[@rdbaluyut]

im just curious if i can melt copper and pure silver together and dissolve it in muriatic acid? Because i accidentally melted silver and i think zinc or aluminum with it and i just want to refine my silver back to its original purity

[@theCodyReeder]

add some more zinc to dilute the silver and then dissolve in hydrochloric. silver copper alloy would not be soluble, for that I recommend electrolysis with HCl as the electrolyte, the silver should drop out while the copper transfers between electrodes.

[@user-ph5pf1ob2b]

@@theCodyReeder imagine if you were giving him a recipe to completely ruin his silver 😆

[@wedding_photography]

You got your data wrong at 3:12. It's 1.2 millinewtons per Kw (not micronewtons). Source: NASA's paper (arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120)

[@Sgt.Hartman]

yeah i noticed, its 1.6 micronewtons per watt acording to someone else (which is practically the same number you have there).

[@KrazeeCain]

Yeah Cody kinda fucked this one up lol. That's a much newer paper you're citing than what Cody could've referenced, but even older data is a few orders of magnitude more powerful than what Cody is using here...

[@ineffecient8243]

Um.... 0.0012N/1000W = 0.0000012N/1W. They are the same measurement

[@wedding_photography]

Piano Man, watch the video again. I even gave you the exact time where he got it wrong.

[@ineffecient8243]

Must have misheard that. Thanks

[@robbiedw1495]

Loved this video, cheers from Houston!

[@frasersteen]

I understood the Oberth effect but I had never run the maths properly. Wouldn't it be possible to produce an engine using this effect? An "Oberth Engine" - Say you had an arbitrarily large wheel and on the edge of the wheel you had electric rockets. - Say you could harvest energy from the wheel. - You could theoretically input power beyond 100% electrical efficiency because as you say energy is conserved by the medium used for thrust - in this way the thrust medium would become the "fuel" for the engine In practice you would have to be going ridiculously fast to make this work and the wheel would have to be impractically big to tame the forces but theoretically it should work no?

[@Garganzuul]

Batteries etc don't lose mass. They push electrons through a circuit since that path offers lower resistance than their internal inter-pole resistance. And I'm pretty sure the emDrive isn't supposed to output light. Rather it swings photons around boiling vacuum electron and positron pairs, like the gravity assist acceleration move of interplanetary probes. Since the charged hadron pairs annihilate they never bounce off the chamber walls.

[@kaleblowder1397]

Quoted from a battery engineer and phd in chemical engineering: "For almost all batteries, no. it's a closed system. Mass is conserved. Quantum mass/energy conversion (E=mc^2) is not relevant to any practical battery implimentation. An exception is the concept of a lithium air battery, which is admittedly years away from being being a commercial technology. In that case, lithium metal from the anode reacts with Air (oxygen, really) being channeled through the cathode structure, to form Lithium peroxide. the reaction is reversed during recharge, and the battery gives oxgen off. In this case, the battery is taking in oxygen to form Li2O2, and giving it off during recharge, so the weight will incerase and decrease accordingly. This has made predicting the specific energy/power density of such a battery tricky. We are used to batteries staying closed up."

[@zhaneranger]

Nice T-shirt! Is this the original pee shirt? If you makes these, I will happily shell out a little bit of money. :)

[@adamthedog1]

Eww.......?

[@demondik]

+NULL Derp Lmao!

[@PumpkinHeadJim]

poo poo pissers.com for ward slash shiddin outta my ass

[@natminame3092]

I have no idea what is going on

[@TheUserid82]

The EM drive is one being tested that converts electricity into thrust for space craft. This would mean that rather then heavy masses of fuel that burn out in minutes they could run ether a RTG or other type of reactor to power the thrust over years. To give you an idea on how long the RTG's on the Voyager probes are still working with them being launched in the 70's. Think about how fast a craft could get with 40-60 years of thrust even in small amounts that is a good chunk of speed by the time the reactor drops out.

[@MGSLurmey]

Before anyone asks, "RTG" stands for "Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator". No, I didn't need to look that up. I'm studying physics and play KSP. :P

[@lokegustafsson247]

So true indeed.

[@formouthica]

I'm SO glad that there is someone else out there who writes like I do, that is both hands simultaneously :D

[@olivialambert4124]

I suggest you look at thunderfoot's video on the subject. Essentially the best explanation seems to be that the Em drive heats up disproportionately (as expected and proven by IR cameras). As the heat is greater on one side of the Em drive the air bounces off at a greater velocity producing thrust. Crunching the numbers (I take his word on this) seems to produce an estimate very close to the Em drive's thrust, and as the Em drive is placed into a partial vacuum its thrust drops dramatically as you would expect should this be the mechanism. So far of the top research groups claiming that the Em drive works almost every single one seems to have retracted their statement after testing for this effect. Either way even if the Em drive worked exactly as suggested I can't see it replacing something like an Ion Thruster for many/any uses in the foreseeable future unless its effectiveness is very dramatically improved.

[@stargazer7644]

Why is it that so many closed-minded people look at this and dismiss it with "bah - you can't power a spaceship with that tiny little thing, so it is useless"? Of what use was the electron when it was discovered? None whatsoever. Should we have discarded that discovery too? If this drive is demonstrating some new physics, we will figure out what the mechanism is. Once we do that, we can engineer devices to more efficiently exploit the effect. That is how science and engineering work. You would do well to keep an open mind to the possibility of new things, even if they're unlikely, else you might miss the next discovery of the electron Olivia.

[@johnfrancisdoe1563]

Star Gazer You just made no meaningful argument against Olivia reporting that others have found an actual way this might work, tested that it seems to work that way, and realized this works better with air around it, so airplanes not spaceships.

[@stargazer7644]

John, you've completely missed the point. The paper on this drive by the NASA Eagleworks lab tested and found no difference in the thrust between vacuum and air. This peer reviewed published paper has not been retracted. Perhaps you should read it. Thermal effects are such an obvious source of error when you're pumping kilowatts into a closed system that they are one of the first things accounted for. Olivia's other assertion that "almost every single one seems to have retracted their statement" doesn't stand up to scrutiny either. Her final statement "I can't see it replacing something like an Ion Thruster for many/any uses in the foreseeable future unless its effectiveness is very dramatically improved" is what my response was directed at. The EM drive may be bogus. Physics as we know it today requires it to be. But nobody can yet explain the "impossible" effects we observe. Until they can do that, we need to be open to the possibility that there are new physics that we don't understand going on here. We don't at all understand the middle ground between classical and quantum physics. There is a huge area here where we don't know anything at all about how the world works. There are certainly things we haven't discovered yet. We need to keep our eyes open for them.

[@nickvanwhatt]

Cody I have came to the conclusion that you have 2 left hands :0

[@theCodyReeder]

That would explain so much.

[@klesk4never]

4 hrs ago I clicked on a video of cute cat. How the fuck did I end up here?

[@theCodyReeder]

It happens.

[@massimookissed1023]

Dario Zanze , you took a wrong turn when you clicked on Buzzfeed.

[@KeystoneScience]

Hey Cody, random question, I was thinking today, could gravity just be caused by the universe trying to reach an equilibrium of different time dilations? I don't know much about this stuff, I'm still in high school :P but do you know if this has any plausibility?

[@MattMcIrvin]

The EmDrive's creators insisted that it could work in a completely self-contained way even WITHOUT leaking any kind of electromagnetic radiation--that it's not a simple net photon reaction effect, like a photon rocket, and it could therefore in principle be more energy-efficient than a photon rocket, without using reaction mass. But that can't be done without breaking either conservation of momentum, or relativistic invariance. And they were almost certainly wrong about this.

[@AndrewRedroad]

Nah, man! You should totally do more videos like this! Very entertaining!

[@goose300183]

I love it! He makes a video discussing how the laws of physics can't be broken. Then he casually throws in a perpetual motion machine at the end! ;)

[@theCodyReeder]

Its not perpetual motion if it is nuclear powered.

[@goose300183]

hehe I know, I was just joking really, at first glance it *appears* to be speeding up with nothing driving it. Looking forward to seeing it soon.

[@Labdominals]

I was going to say that it's a voltaic pile, but I guess I'm wrong on that one.

[@robkeaton7412]

Don't spell "part" backwards it's a trap

[@Waltham1892]

If I remember this study correctly, NASA found that the device produced thrust; but the amount of thrust was statistically insignificant and within the tests margin of error. So, while the result was positive it was meaningless. Its not enough to read the last line in the study, you have to understand what the methodology and decision criteria were.

[@Waltham1892]

Mark Martin The Faithful run on faith and they leave the finer details to others...

[@finnaborando2787]

It defies the known laws of physics! I'm pretty sure that's important.

[@Waltham1892]

Itz Boudreau I'm sure it is, but you never know when you are going to trip over a new law. I know is hard to do these days, but you can't dismiss the chance out of hand.

[@ky-effect2717]

+Mark Martin Is it assumed the Em Drive is a reaction engine?

[@FaustLimbusCompany]

EM Drive is said to consume very little power, so insignificant that it can make solar satellites practical. Also the "insignificant thrust" is BS. Give it enough time and it could theoretically accelerate to 99% the speed of light.

[@RealNerdyProductions]

I'm going to like the video pretending like I know what your talking about! Good Job Cody, love your videos!!

[@ibewatchinu]

Loved the style of the video and how the narrative synced up, easy to follow. I think this free energy comes from a single stray electron that didn't reach its' quantum goal after bouncing round the universe and had to give itself up hara-kiri style.

[@TheOriginalEviltech]

The idea is to us solar panels and nuclear generators to supply the power... Yes the nuclear reactor will loose mass, but solar panels would keep theirs!

[@MsSomeonenew]

Well mass is energy and energy is mass, so the solar panels would take on mass when charging the system and that mass would then be lost when putting it into the EM drive. The big problem here is just the amount of thrust, a city sized nuclear power plant would only be enough for a slight breeze of a push, and with mass like that you aren't getting anywhere fast.

[@didotb01]

solar panel won't be able to output enough power to do so... and so I think..

[@cjserf2939]

Also solar panels lose efficiency as you increase the distance between the sun and the solar panel. At the moment with current tech they become pretty much decorative past Jupiter.

[@didotb01]

true that...

[@brianstevens3858]

yes to bad they can;t see to combine them with panels to utilize other forms of radiation {Jupiter gives off enormous amounts of energy ]as well as the background x and gamma stuff if your panels would be able to absorb energy across multiple freg ranges power would not be a prob untill u passed the second bubble out

[@sethmitchell2176]

If I were you, I'd be looking for hat recipes.

[@mqb3gofjzkko7nzx38]

I don't think Cody will need to eat the hat.

[@danijel124]

If this device does work NASA will play the trololo song to physics teachers arround the world :)

[@desmo750f1]

At around 1:50 the idea that it is doing more work because the base platform speed has increased seems wrong. Surely it is force times distance in the direction of the force due to the force. When we push blocks up ramps in the physics lab we didn't have to factor in the movement of the lab relative to the centre of the universe.

[@syndrome5372]

I like that "of course it works (but that doesn't mean it's useful)" was proven to still be giving it too much credit

[@noodlesthe1st]

So you researched the EM drive but failed to find a source which explains how it works? Really? btw it has something to do with the standing wave having different momentum at each end of the chamber and therefore pushing more on one side.

[@theCodyReeder]

Couldn't find any sources that weren't complete bullshit.

[@BountifulGames]

Cody'sLab where did you get your education from or is all this knowledge from research.

[@noodlesthe1st]

Firstly. Wow thanks for replying to a comment on an older video. Didn't expect that. Secondly this might be complete bullshit then since it's not too hard to find but I believe the inventor of the system explained it with this report., www.emdrive.com/DemonstratorTechnicalReportIssue2.pdf

[@HerrKenzler]

He'll be doing fine if he sticks to his chemistry stuff. This video was completely unnecesary and just points out the lack of physics knowledge that he actually has. I don't know if he learnt some in the university at all, because by failing calculus I don't think you're able to get in the "real" stuff by any chance. Just some basic and low educational level thoughts were given here, completely avoidable.

[@7yearsryugami169]

keep that hat safe, because you'll be eating it soon.

[@0mirix]

7years Ryugami nope

[@polygondwanaland8390]

The Wanderer lmao and will be for a while

[@ataraxia2894]

Nope

[@kratomseeker5258]

i believe it works

[@mqb3gofjzkko7nzx38]

You should be the one eating a hat right now.

[@appa609]

Physics doesn't seem to be his strong suit...

[@relativityboy]

The Laws of Physics are never wrong, but our understanding of them may be. Keep that in mind when framing the words in your head. Nice vid!

[@SporeSpood]

This was a cool video, please do more like these!

[@brianfisher7385]

"I'm gonna try to stay away from complicated math"...... proceeds to use crazy ass math to describe this device.

[@amirabudubai2279]

...he only used algebra, and basic algebra at that.

[@brianfisher7385]

it was a joke, get a grip...

[@mrcalderon93]

Amir Abudubai what witch craft do you speak of, all i heard him speak in was sorcery and magic spells

[@johndifrancisco3642]

Brian Fisher, I KNOW! Not only that but "the calculator can't handle it" so he proceeds to figure it out by hand! Could he possibly be underestimating himself? Hmmmm.....

[@corwinweber693]

Because his calculator can't handle factoring. It's pretty basic high school algebra.... so he went ahead and did it by hand.

[@joshdoeseverything4575]

thunderf00t tho

[@LKokos]

Thanks for mentioning Kerbal Space Program! Made my day :)

[@Pomaufour]

Cody, great content as always. If I may criticize a bit though, a tad effort on the writing on the white board would make it nicer to follow ! The way you simplified it and made it accessible is perfect though, speed was spot on as well.

[@paulipock3241]

I liked the video style. Unlike anything else I have seen on KZbin.

[@ryanlebeck259]

I'm working on a design for electromotive forced ion propulsion and this video was very helpful. Thank you.

[@SocksWithSandals]

My guess is that a resonant frequency in the microwave conduit evaporates some surface impurities in the copper which bounce off the bell end to produce a reaction thrust. A mylar solar sail, as you say, would produce more thrust by reflecting light without the inertia of copper holding it back.

[@tyronejonez01]

Back in the 1980's we had a problem with missiles going off course at white sands N.M. The simple reason was the Santa Rosa mountains were adding horizontal gravity to the equation.

[@willyou2199]

The radiation pressure explanation has been disproven quite well, its a radiant cavity ie photons don't escape, they bounce around inside, any momentum transfered is equally cancelled out inside the cavity.

[@adventuresunknown1013]

I wish that I understood what you were talking about. It sounded pretty cool and in depth. I really enjoyed the ending demonstration!